PLUMBING DESIGN AND ESTIMATEChapter 1 – Plumbing Plumbarius – individual who worked I the sanitary field of Ancient Rome Plumbum – means “lead” DWV – Drainage, Waste, Vent Blow-off/ detritus – controlled outlet used to discharged water. Common vent – dual vent Diameter – Diameter of a pipe/tube refers to the internal diameter (ID) of such pipe, except brass and copper tube. Fixture Unit Flow Rate – total discharge flow in gallons/min of a sample fixture divided Refer to NPC 1999 by 7.5 gallons. Lateral – (1) In plumbing – secondary pipe. (2) In sewage, it receives sewage only from building sewer. Return Bend - 180° bend in pipe Stack vent – Waste/Soil Vent Chapter 2 – Plumbing Materials Cast Iron pipe (CI) – (1) 1.5m long.ranging from 50-150mmØ. (2) less than 25 storey. (3) ferrous oxide called rust (4) Types of CI: SV Type (general) and XV Type (extra duty/underground). Asbestos Pipe – Twice (2x) as that of the standard cast iron pipe. Bituminous Fiber Sewer Pipe – (1) Cheapest (2)light in weight (3) slightly flexible Vitrified Clay Pipe – length of 0.72m, heated in a large kiln under a temp of 1370°C. Lead Pipe – poisonous and injurious Galvanized Steel Pipe – 6m long. Easily corroded by alkaline and acid water. Kapal Manipis Deteriorate faster when used in hot water supply. Galvanized Wrought Iron Pipe – more resistant to acid waste that steel pipe. Brass Pipe – made of alloy/zinc and copper. 15% (alloy/zinc) and 85% copper Copper pipe – (1) durable and extremely corrosive resistant material. (2) Type K, L and M. (3) It may be used 1 size smaller than a steel pipe. Plastic/ Synthetic Pipe – developed in the mid year of 1935 Naitatag ang Ang PBNAMPAP pwede hanggang 150m long. 1. PE and PB tubes are in coil available at 30m long. 2. PVC pipes and fittings weighs about 1/5 of the metal pipe. 3. PE weighs about 1/8 as much as steel pipe. Methyl-Ethyl-Ketone – acetone Plastic – derived from coal and petroleum products. Celluloid – 1st Plastic material introduced followed by Bakelite (1905) and now, PE. Chapter 3 – Measuring, Cutting and Joining Pipes For Cast Iron Pipe, Single hub used more than 1.5m long, double hub if shorter. Hubless pipe with neoprene rubber sleeves. In joining hubless, oakum followed by molten lead 20-25mm lalagpas lang ng 3mm. For Galvanized Steel Pipe, cutting is done by using 14-teeth per inch hacksaw blade. Nipples ranging from 2-12 inches long. One (1) roll of Teflon Tape is 1 meter long For copper pipe, cutting is done by using 24-teeth per inch (heavy pipes) and 32teeth per inch(thinner). NEVER allow the fluxed joint to stand for more than 3 hours before soldering. (obsolete) 2. 1. Storm Drain Manhole – Interval distance = 75-150m. Scouring – means to flush or wash out.2m Sewage Ejector – when public sewer line was installed at a depth of 2-4m below the street level. 3. Min depth = 3m 2. Cesspool – hole in the ground curbed with stones. SEPTIC TANK – sludge (sa baba).(1) joining by SOLVENT WELDING.2 depth.9-1.NOT more than 3m below street grade. (3) 2 hours before testing the line under pressure. scum (lumulutang). MIN inside dimension = 0. Privy – concrete sealed vault with wooden shelter (obsolete) 3. Public Sewer Line – consisting of STP TYPES OF PUBLIC SEWER LINE: 1. Flowing water at drainage pipe must be ½ the pipe diameter. bricks etc. (2) Insert and make a quarter turn(1/4) and turning should not be more than 30sec. Generally. For plastic pipe. (4) 15-20hrs permit to use of the line.6-3m in diameter. Cleanout – equal to the diameter of waste pipe. 1. Combination Public Sewer – conveys both storm water and sanitary waste (obsolete) 2.9 wide.When a waste pipe is NOT directly connected to a soil stack/house drain. Fixture Unit – amount of water each fixture discharges in 1min interval.1 Intercepting/ Trunk Line Sewer – concrete pipe 0. Total sewage solids. Manhole diameter = 0. 1 m3 = 264 Gallons Location of Septic Tank: 2m from the outside wall. 2. Putrefaction – decomposition caused by anaerobic bacteria Septic – A sewage that turns dark and smell unpleasantly due to anaerobic decomposition. Sanitary Sewer – sanitary waste only. to remove dirt or grease by flowing through. diluted with water at the rate of 30-100 gallons/day. 50mm pipe is required for ALL TYPES of urinals. Septic Tank 4. 50% is organic (nabubulok) TYPES OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM: 1. Chapter 4 – Sewage Disposal System Daily average of human waste/excreta – 80 grams (feces) and 950 grams (urine).2 Tributary Sewer – vitrified clay/concrete laid in open trench.5 long. Stabilization – process of decomposition. WASTE PIPE – Direct and Indirect waste. Chapter 5 – The Waste Pipe Special Waste . 15m away from any source of water supply. Premature Waste Line Defects – tilted or crooked joint connection. . 3m long and NOT less than 75mm (3”) diameter. Chapter 8 – The House Sewer House Sewer/ Building Sewer – starts 0.equal to the diameter of the soil branch. The trap of the floor drain – NOT more than 0.2m below the outlet invert. CLASSIFICATION OF HOUSE DRAIN: 1. (obsolete) 2. 3. o Change in direction: (1) combination of wye and 1/8 bend (2) long radius fittings Roof leader / downspout – water conductor. Collecting Line of a Plumbing System. shall be provided with 100mm pipe extended at least 2inches above the floor. Being HORIZONTAL PIPELINE. . House Trap – installed in the house drain immediately inside the foundation wall of the building. Outside Storm Drain – installed outside the foundation wall of the building. 2. Pag sa labas downspout. MINIMUM size for floor drain – 75mm or 3” p-trap.90m from the outer face of the building. Vent stack should be extended NOT less than 2m above roof. Inside Storm Drain – located UNDER the basement floor or w/in walls of the building.5m from the drain. (2) Length should be 3-4 times its width. Combined Drain – sanitary waste and storm water. it should be TAPPED but NOT necessarily VENTED. installed NOT more than 0.Chapter 6 – The Soil Pipe Stack vent – extended above the roof NOT less than 0. Area Drain – MINIMUM SIZE – 100mm or 4” pipe If the fixture is less than 1. Chapter 7 – The House Drain House Drain – receives discharges of all soil and wastes stacks. Cleanout . Overhead Storm Drain – adopted when the street drainage is higher in elevation than the basement floor of the building. When the roof is to be used other than protection from the elements of the weather. Located at the farthest end of the branch away from the vertical soil pipe.2m below the floor line.5m below finished floor line. Cellar – Basement Floor Drain GREASE TRAP – (1) Basin width should NOT be less than 0.60m. Most practical method of establishing grade – 1/8 bend Chapter 9 – The Storm Drain Splash Pan – collector of water coming down from the downspout CLASSIFICATION OF STORM DRAIN: 1. (3) MINIMUM DEPTH of concrete grease trap should NOT be less than 1. conductor. Industrial Drain Any branch of the house drain terminating at a floor drain or fixture. Sanitary Drain – sanitary and domestic waste only 3. Pag sa loob. Storm Drain 4. Cleanout – installed every 20m interval distance. TRAP SEAL LOSS: 1. Individual Vent/ Back Vent – usual ventilation in a fixture connecting to the main vent. the air inside the pipe will be compressed downward. NOT provided with a hand-hole cleanout. Siphonage – minus pressure. When compressed. 2. Long Run Horizontal Pipe / Running Trap – could be used only near the drain of the floor area or yard. When large amount of water flow drops downward rapidly forming a slug like. Capillary Action – draining of water TYPES OF VENTILATION: 1. Looped Vent – fixtures that are away from the main vent 8. Common Seal – 5cm deep 2. (Pababa) 2. P-Trap was called “Gooseneck” Trap Seal = Water Seal WATER SEALED P-TRAP: 1.Chapter 10 – Traps for Plumbing Fixtures 1856 – first patented trap was innovated in the United States. apartment and private bathroom of hotels etc. Toke/By-pass Vent – if 2-3 floors interval 7.5 – 10cm Permissible and Objectionable Trap P-Trap shall be installed within 0. Deep Seal P-Trap – 7. dormitories and the like 3. Main Vent/ Collecting Vent Line – Vent stack connecting all vent 3.60m of the fixture it served. (1) Direct/Self-Siphoning – created when a rapid flow of water passing through the pipe siphon down the water seal inside the traps with NO VENT PROVISION. 3. both the inlet and the outlet orifices will be under balance atmospheric pressure. Relief Vent – vent for battery of fixtures. 4. Evaporation 4. (2) Indirect/ Momentum Siphoning – created by heavy discharge of water from a fixture installed on a line serving another fixture at a lower floor. hotel. Main Soil and Waste Pipe – extended through roof 2. public comfort rooms. Wind Effect 5. Classification of Fixtures to be installed: 1. gymnasium. railroad and bus terminals. Wet Vent . Unit Vent – vent between two(2) identical fixtures 5. Back Pressure – plus pressure. Every trap shall be self-cleaning and must be provided with a cleanout. pressure greater than one atmospheric is developed. Class 2 (Semi-Public Use) – office buildings. Circuit/ Loop Vent – two or more fixtures connected in a soil or waste branch 6. factories. Class 3 (Public Use) – schools. Class 1 (Private Use) – residential houses. NO fixture shall be double trapped. Chapter 11 – Plumbing Ventilation Compressibility – One of the properties of gas. The trap of a common seal is open and exposed to the atmosphere. PUBLIC WATER DISTRIBUTION: 1. cesspools. Direct Up-feed pumping system – innovation of air pressure water distribution/ triplex pump. There should be NO CONCRETE Sanitary sewers existing w/in 15m radius of the well. NO vent shall be less than 38mm (1½”) Ø except for a 32mm (1¼”) Ø waste pipe. the pressure will increase up to 15lbs/in2 capable of elevating water up to 10. Branches – horizontal pipes that serve the faucets/fixtures. On the other hand. Air Pressure Distribution System – 10 storeys. Indirect Pressure Distribution – turbine pump House Service – pipe connection from the public water main/any water supply to the building served. Pressure Reducing Valve – keep the pressure constant at 40psi/ reset to any pressure desired. NO outdoor privy. ONLY ONE pump operates at a time. Overhead feed system 3. water pressure greater than 50psi may cause pipe hammering/bursting of pipe joint. The original material used for Sovent is copper. Vent – practically rise vertically or at 45° up to the point of 0. when air is compressed into a closed compartment under atmospheric pressure to the extent of ½ its volume content. Chapter 12 – The Sovent System Two Line Drainage System = DWV Sovent System – completely eliminates the vent stack and other forms of ventilation. Cannot produce either plus/minus pressure of more than 25mm water gauge. COLD WATER DISTRIBUTION: 1. Direct Pressure Distribution – centrifugal/piston pump 2. By normal water pressure 2. First introduce by Fritz Sommer in 1962 Aerator – spatters/scatters the effluent in drops or small blobs wherein they are mixed with the air. septic tank or drain field shall be located w/in 45m radius of the well.5m high. or old mains repaired. Chapter 13 – Cold Water Supply in Building Water (liquid form) 839 times heavier than air Water (vapor form) 133 times lighter than air Wells that are supplying water for public use – MINIMUM distance of 100m radius from residential areas. A water seal 50mm high is safe against siphoning or back flow. The ideal pressure range is from 20-40psi. they should be filled with strong chlorine solution of 40 to 60mg per liter for at least 24hrs. Normal Pressure – refers to the pressure range measured over a period of 24hrs. normal pressure ranges from 30-40psi. For residential. When NEW mains are installed.15m above the fixture. A complete chemical analysis for each type of water sold shall be made at least twice a year. . Water main – 3m horizontally from sanitary sewer when they are parallel. Chapter 14 – Hot Water Supply in Building Hot water installation: copper tube. HOT WATER TANK: (1) Range Boiler – small. Hot water supply system – HIGHER temperature. Hot water space heating system – LOW temperature. Nozzles are set about 2.6-1. Enough water to operate at least 25% for 30mins. Chapter 16 – Fire Protection in Building MARCH – Fire Prevention Month.9m Hydropneumatic pump – used to store air under pressure Sprinkler heads – open automatically at temperatures of 135°F . TYPES OF WATER HEATING SYSTEM: 1. 2. PVDC plastic pipe.60m apart on the supply pipes and spaced about 3 – 4m apart at right angle exposed beams or panels. Public Water Distribution – has an averaged water pressure of 50psi. (2) 3m vertical. D=0. .80m horizontal.3-0.160°F Typical spacing of sprinkler heads: (1) 3. MAXIMUM DEMAND – max water distribution of fixtures in terms of FU. (2) Storage Boiler – large Range Boiler – generally made of copper or stainless steel sheet. D=0.3m & not more than L=5m A 12mm (½”) thick fiberglass – efficient insulating cover.6 to 0. Hot and Cold water running in parallel – minimum distance of 0. 2.8m Storage Boiler – made of heavy-duty stainless. Pump Circuit System – mechanical device used to circulate hot water to the plumbing fixtures. Overhead Feed and Gravity Return System – installed at the top of the riser. HOT WATER DISTRIBUTION: 1. One unit is valued at 8 gallons of water discharge per min interval. stainless steel pipe. Up-feed and Gravity Return System – installed at the bottom of the riser.15m.40 – 3. Elevated water tank – supply constant pressure Underground water reservoir – covered with earth from 0.6m & not more than L=1.