Check List 5(2): 254–269, 2009.ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Angiosperms of North Andaman, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India Pillutla Rama Chandra Prasad 1, 6 Chintala Sudhakar Reddy 2 Raparla Kanaka Vara Iakshmi 3 Parasa Vijaya Kumari 4 Syed Hasan Raza 5 1 Lab. for spatial Informatics, International Institute of Information Technology. Gachibowli, Hyderabad, 500032. India. E-mail:
[email protected] 2 Forestry and Ecology Division, National Remote Sensing Agency, Dept of Space. Balanagar, Hyderabad - 500037 India. Department of Botany Viveka Vardhini College of Arts, Commerce and Science. Jam Bagh, Hyderabad - 500195, India. 4 3 Department of Botany, Bhavan’s New Science. Narayanaguda, Hyderabad -500029, India. 5 5Aurora’s Scientific Technological & Research Academy. Bandlaguda, Hyderabad - 500005, India Abstract The present paper focus on the phytosociological survey carried out in North Andaman part of Andaman and Nicobar islands and enlists the plant species with their habit and forest types they belong. The study area showed five important forest types viz., evergreen, semi-evergreen, moist deciduous, mangroves and littoral. The survey in these islands encountered 241 tree species, 119 climbers, 45 shrubs and 49 herbs from 62, 41, 24 and 23 families respectively from a sample of 203 quadrats of 0.1 ha size. Euphorbiaceae is found to be dominant family represented by 34 species belong to 21 genera. The result of the survey indicates the potential species richness of the study site that encompasses a vivid biodiversity. It also provides a data base on North Andaman plant species which can be utilized in the context of species conservation and future inventories. Introduction Tropical rain forests are one of the nature’s most complicated landscapes and deserve special attention as they harbor high species richness and diversity and function as invaluable gene banks. Within Indian sub continent these forest are found in the Andaman and Nicobar islands (A&N), the Western Ghats and the greater Assam region in the North east. A&N islands popularly known as Bay islands, located between 10° 13' and 13° 30' N latitudes and 92°15' and 93°10' E longitude, stretching over 800 km in Bay of Bengal comprise 572 islands, reefs and rocks (Figure 1). These islands are one of the national wealthy forest regions enriched with variety of flora, structuring from tall canopy trees to the under ground herb forming distinct layers or synusiae. The flora shows affinities towards the Burmese and Malaysian type (Hajra et al. 1999) and the isolated island ecosystem nature favored these forest in maintaining high endemism, rarity and flora distinct from the neighbouring land. Due to the inaccessibility in approaching these islands as well as due to the presence of primitive tribes much study was not carried out in these areas related to phytodiversity. However in the recent past considerable floristic and ecological studies (Balakrishnan and Rao 1983; Ananda and Chakraborti 1987; Dagar 1989; Pradeep 1998; Hitendra et al. 2004; Roy et al. 2005; Prasad et al. 2007; 2008; Reddy et al. 2008) 254 The study of Prasad et al. literature and from the authentic specimens of Botanical survey of India. l. 2009. Materials and methods Study area North Andaman is the northern most islands and form one of the major divisions of Andaman region (Figure 1). Within each plot all the life forms encountered were listed. a field inventory was carried out to collect phytosociological data within different forest types of North Andaman Islands. 2008).1 ha size were sampled distributed in different vegetation types viz. 255 . Port Blair. quadrats were sampled covering all the vegetation types in different disturbance regimes and micro climatic conditions. herbs. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES were initiated to reveal the species richness and diversity of these islands. evergreen (62 plots).. (Reddy et al. shrubs. mangrove (5) and littoral (3). The showers from the dual monsoons keep the forest in wet evergreen condition and house different species belonging to trees. moist deciduous (75). Champion and Seth (1968) classified vegetation of North Andaman into Andaman tropical evergreen. The primary objective of the project is to prepare a vegetation cover type and density map of the A&N islands along with detailed assessment of biodiversity and its distribution at community level.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Location map of North Andaman Islands. The present paper focus on the phytosociological survey carried out in North Andaman Islands of A&N and enlists the plant species encountered during the study belonging to various habit and forest types. Data collection As the part of project. A considerable extent of islands species richness is also contributed by the Saddle peak national park with an altitude of 732 m above m. Species were identified with the help of field botanist.1 ha size was considered as optimum unit for sampling. The size of the quadrat was determined using species area curve and finally 0. Mangroves and Littoral forest (Figure 2). Under the Jaivigyan science and technology mission project a study was carried out in these emerald islands. Andaman semi evergreen. 2008) concluded these islands as repository of high species richness and phytodiversity. Figure 1. Andaman moist deciduous. entitled “Biodiversity characterization at landscape level in Andaman and Nicobar islands using remote sensing and GIS”. Keeping in view of time and accessibility to the plot. climbers. About 203 quadrats of 0. s. (2007. semi evergreen (58). South Andaman. etc. The result of the survey indicates the potential species richness of the study site that encompasses a vivid biodiversity with in an area of 1458 km2. mainly to the existence of a broad range of ecological habitats and high diverse set of ecosystems varying from sandy beaches / littoral to dense humid evergreen forest. 45 shrubs and 49 herbs from 62. ———————————————— Results and discussion Ecosystem integrity of an island ecosystem depends on plant cover which inturn influenced by the type of vegetation and its stability. Out of 34 species. Rubiaceae (22 species and 18 genera) and Annonaceae (18 species and 12 genera) were observed to be the dominating family next to Euphorbiaceae. Euphorbiaceae is found to be species rich family with 34 species represented by 21 genera. The North Andaman forest showed typical tropical forest physiognomy represented by top. The floristic survey in these islands encountered about 241 tree species. This can be attributed. 119 climbers.Check List 5(2): 254–269. 2009. Forest types of North Andaman Islands. middle and lower canopy of trees entangled with lianas and climbers along with under ground shrub and herb strata. 30 belong to tree storey. 24 and 23 families respectively (Appendix 1). ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Figure 2. 3 to shrubs and one climber. 41. 256 . and V. T. S. Validation of Geospatial model for Biodiversity Characterization at Landscape Level . P.N.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Dutt. H. and P. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES The present survey provides a data base on North Andaman plant species which can be utilized in the context of species conservation and future inventories. C. P. P. Rajan. N. Hitendra. Nagabhatla. B.). C. Research Journal of forestry 1 (1): 27-39. Champion. and M. C. GIS and Phytosociological data. and S. An assessment of threatened plants of India. R. Giriraj. R. and R. Sringeswara. Murthy. P. and C. Phytodiversity Assessment of Tropical Rainforest of North Andaman Islands. India. R. Krishnan. Reddy. K. N. P. 2008. The dwindling plant species of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. ———————————————— Acknowledgements The study was carried out under Jaivigyan Science and Technology Mission project. K. Chauhan. 1998. endangered and endemic species is necessary for preservation of species diversity. Prasad. Rao. 1987. Dutt. Received November 2008 Accepted April 2009 Published online May 2009 257 . Botanical Survey of India. 2009. threatening their survival and resulting in the extinction of species (Prasad et al. C. Current Science 56: 11-21. Hitendra. A revised Survey of the Forest Types of India: Government of India Publication Division. Striking features of Andaman Forestry. 2005. Indian Forester 124 (6): 463-472. India using remote sensing. S . N. 1999. Authors are thankful to the colleagues of forestry and ecology division for their assistance during the project. A. Current Science 87(6): 799-806 Pradeep. Tree flora of Saddle Peak National Park. especially on unique. 413 p. K. P. Endemic Plant species of Bay Islands. M. Phytosociological observations on tree species diversity of Andaman Islands. Also the officials of Andaman forest are duly acknowledged for their extended help during field inventory. Distributional resume of coastal elements in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. A. Apart from anthropogenic interferences forest loss also occurs because of natural causes like soil erosion and displacement of organic matter due to high tides and much more by hazards like tsunami (Roy and Krishnan 2005). and P. Mudgal. 2008. 1968. M. C. R. Raza.. Roy. 2005. Hajra. P. Journal of Andaman Science Association 5: 161-168. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences 2 (1): 1-12. Ecological Modelling 185 (2-4): 349369. J. rare and endemic. S. Mangrove stands of Andamans vis-à-vis tsunami Current Science 89 (11): 1800-1804. Roy.. Continuous field studies that updates the data base to know the status of species and conservation policies and programmes to certain extent may help in understanding and protecting the unique ecosystem of these islands. Reddy. Dagar. H.. R. S. International Journal of Ecology and Development 13:35-48. Prasad. Andaman. Conservation of rare. Reddy. S. Chauhan. C. P. Dutt. S. S. Jagdale. R. B. C. V. New Delhi. C. Prasad.. Calcutta. K. 2009. Journal of Plant Sciences 3 (1): 1-17. Balakrishnan.1989. M. Reddy. Roy. C. C. S. and C.a study in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Porwal. India. Fragmentation process shows effect on species. D. Rao. Porwal. p. S. Seth. S. India. and C. S.. G. N. Chakraborti. S. Prasad. 186-202 In Author of the book (ed. Flora of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. 200 p. 2004. 2007. Biswas. ———————————————— Literature cited Ananda.. B. Currently forests of these islands are also prone to various anthropogenic activities resulting in the fragmentation of forest into patches. Nidhi. Assessment of Forest Fragmentation and Species Diversity in North Andaman Islands (India) – A Geospatial Approach. S. C. and P. Calcutta: Naba Mudran Private Limited. P. C. S. 1983. S. and S. 2009). Phytodiversity Zonation in North Andaman Islands. MD EG.) Merr& Perry. Acanthus ilicifolius Linn.SEG.SEG.MD EG.SEG.Arg Adenanthera microsperma Teijsm.SEG EG.SEG.MD EG. SEG .MD SEG.MD EG.) A.MD EG. Antiaris toxicaria Lesch.SEG. Actephila excelsa Muell. Aglaia argentea Blume Aglaia glaucescens King Aglaia oligophylla Miq. Anaxagorea javanica Bl.MD EG.SEG MAN EG. Anaxagorea luzoniensis A.Cl.MD EG.SEG. Adiantum lunulatum Burm.MD MD MAN EG.SEG EG.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Albizia lebbek Benth.MD EG. Anamirta cocculus Wight & Arn.SEG. India (EG .SEG EG.MD 258 .Littoral.)Willd.SEG.MD EG. Acmena acuminatissima (Bl.SEG. MD . Plant Species of North Andaman.MD EG.MD SEG SEG.SEG.SEG. Allophylus cobbe (Linn.f.DC. Aphanamixis polystachya (Wall. & Binn.f.MD EG. Alpinia manii King ex Baker Alstonia kurzii Hook.MD EG. Anodendron paniculatum (Roxb.SEG. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES Appendix 1. Aglaia silvestris (R. Antidesma bunius Spreng.) Raeusch.) Parker Aporusa villosa Baill. Family Fabaceae Mimosaceae Acanthaceae Myrtaceae Pteridaceae Euphorbiaceae Mimosaceae Adiantaceae Adiantaceae Myrsinaceae Asteraceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Simaroubaceae Mimosaceae Mimosaceae Mimosaceae Sapindaceae Zingiberaceae Apocynaceae Meliaceae Araceae Araceae Vitaceae Olacaceae Menispermaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Ancistrocladaceae Commelinaceae Apocynaceae Rubiaceae Moraceae Euphorbiaceae Meliaceae Euphorbiaceae Habit Climber Climber shrub Tree Herb shrub Tree Herb Herb Tree Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Herb Herb Climber Tree Climber shrub shrub Climber Herb Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Forest type SEG.SEG.MD EG. Rich. Acrostichum aureum Linn. Anacolosa frutescens (Bl.SEG. Adiantum philippense Linn.) Merr. Andaman & Nicobar Islands.SEG.MD SEG. S.MD EG. Anthocephalus chinensis Miq.MD MD SEG MAN MAN EG.Evergreen. 2009. Ampelocissus barbata (Wall) Planch.MD EG. Aegiceras corniculatum Blanco Ageratum conyzoides Linn.SEG. Albizia procera Benth.Semievergreen.MD EG. Amoora wallichi King Amorphophallus carnosus Engl.SEG. Amorphophallus longistylus Kurz ex Hook.ex.Roemer) Merrill Ailanthus kurzii Prain Albizia chinensis (Osb.No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Species Name Abrus pulchellus Wall Acacia pennata (L.Mangroves). Aneilema ovatum (Hassk)Wall.Moist Deciduous.Gray Ancistrocladus extensus Wall ex Planch.MD EG. ex Walp.) Bl. Aglaia andamanica Hiern.MD MD EG.SEG.MD EG. MAN . LIT .MD EG. Var. Calamus pseudoviralis Becc.MAN LIT SEG MD SEG MAN EG.SEG.SEG. Caesalpinia hymenocarpa (Prain) Calamus andamanicus Kurz Calamus longisetus Griff.) C.MD LIT. Artocarpus chaplasha Roxb.SEG. Artocarpus gomeziana Wall.MD SEG. Breynia vitis-idaea (Burm.MD EG.SEG. Artabotrys speciosus Kurz ex Hook.SEG.MD EG.) Sm. Calamus viminalis Willd. Ardisia solanacea Roxb.SEG EG EG.f.SEG. Barringtonia racemosa Roxb.ex. fasciculatus Becc Calophyllum inophyllum Linn.SEG. Blumeodendron kurzii (Hook. Byttneria andamanensis Kurz Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. Asparagus racemosus Willd.SEG. Areca triandra Roxb.SEG.) Juss Asplenium nidus Linn.SEG EG.MD EG.Thoms. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.Trec Artocarpus lakoocha Roxb.-Arg.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Berrya cordifolia (Willd. E. Bolbitis appendiculata (Willd.-Arg.MAN EG EG.) Burret Bischofia javanica Blume Blachia andamanica Hook.SEG.MD EG EG. 2009.MD EG.f. Calophyllum soulattri Burm.SEG. Argyreia championii Bentham Argyreia hookeri Cl.SEG.MD LIT. Atalantia monophylla Correa Baccaurea sapida Muell.MD EG.MAN EG.J. Calamus palustris Griff.MD EG.MD 259 .SEG.MD SEG.) Bl. Aspidopterys andamanica Hutch Aspidopterys tomentosa (Bl.LIT EG. C.Sm.MD EG. Fisch Bridelia griffithii Hook.f.SEG.SEG. Breynia rhamnoides Muell. Canarium euphyllum Kurz Family Myrsinaceae Myrsinaceae Arecaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Annonaceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Liliaceae Malpighiaceae Malpighiaceae Aspleniaceae Rutaceae Euphorbiaceae Lecythidaceae Tiliaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae Bolbitidiaceae Bombacaceae Anacardiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Rhizophoraceae Anacardiaceae Orchidaceae Sterculiaceae Caesalpinaceae Caesalpinaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Arecaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Burseraceae Habit shrub shrub shrub Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Climber Climber Climber Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Tree shrub shrub Tree Climber Tree Tree Herb Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree / Forest type EG.MD EG. Bruguiera gymnorhiza Lam.f.No 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 Species Name Ardisia humilis Vahl.) Meissn. Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.MD EG.SEG SEG EG.SEG.) J. Bridelia stipularis (Linn. f.SEG.MD EG.MD EG.MD SEG. Bulbophyllum lepidum (Bl.MD MAN MD SEG SEG MAN EG.LIT.f. Buchanania splendens Miq.MD EG.) Bombax insigne Wall. Clematis smilacifolia Wall.SEG. non Linn.MD SEG.MAN EG EG EG. Combretum decandrum Roxb Combretum extensum Roxb.MD SEG EG. ex G. Cissus pentagona Roxb. Chionanthus parkinsonii (Hutch.Juss. Cerbera odollam Gaertn Ceriops tagal (Perr. Cayratia japonica (Thunb. Cassytha filiformis Linn. Celtis wightii Planch.) Gagnep. Capparis tenera Dalz.MD EG MD LIT EG. Celastrus paniculatus Willd Celitis cinnamomea Lindl. Cleidion javanicum Bl.) Hassk.) Voigt Colocasia virosa Kunth Colubrina asiatica (Linn. 2009. Don Family Burseraceae Rubiaceae Capparaceae Capparaceae Capparaceae Cyperaceae Arecaceae Samydaceae Caesalpinaceae Lauraceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Celastraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Rhizophoraceae Rubiaceae Apocynaceae Oleaceae Asteraceae Poaceae Meliaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Vitaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Ranunculaceae Verbenaceae Cucurbitaceae Araceae Rhamnaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Habit Tree Tree / shrub Climber Climber Climber Herb shrub Tree Tree Herb Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber shrub Herb Herb Tree Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber shrub Climber Herb Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Forest type EG. Cayratia pedata (Wall.. Coccinea grandis (Linn. Claoxylon indicum (Bl.) C.) Brongn. Capparis zeylanica Linn. Cissus repens Lam.) Chilocarpus sunainaianus Yog. Combretum latifolium Bl.) Bennet & Raiz Chromolaena odorata (Linn.f. Combretum squamosum Roxb.MD MD SEG 260 .SEG. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.SEG.MD MD MD MD EG.MD EG MD EG.Robins Ceriscoides turgida (Roxb.SEG.MD EG EG. & Thoms.MD EG.SEG.SEG.MD.MD EG.SEG.) Gagnep.SEG EG SEG.No 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 Species Name Canarium manii King Canthium gracilipes Kurz Capparis sepiaria Linn.MD EG.SEG EG.) Trin.MD EG.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Carex cruciata Wahlenb.MD EG EG EG.SEG. Cissus aristata Bl.SEG.) King & Robinson Chrysopogon aciculatus (Retz.MD MAN MAN MAN MD MD EG EG. Cleistanthus myrianthus Kurz. Caryota mitis Lour Casearia andamanica King Cassia fistula Linn.MD EG SEG. Cleidion nitidum Thwaites.Schum. Clerodendrum viscosum Vent. Chukrasia tabularis A.SEG. Cissus elongata Roxb.B. Cerbera floribundaK. Desmodium umbellatum (L.) Prain Dalbergia volubilis Roxb. Cycas rumphii Miq.Parkinson Dillenia aurea Sm. Cymbidium aloifolium (Linn.SEG. Cyathostemma viridiflorum Griffith. Curculigo latifolia Dry.SEG EG.No 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 Species Name Connarus semidecandrus Jack. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.SEG.SEG.) Safford. Dichapetalum gelonoides (Roxb.MAN SEG SEG EG. Cratoxylum formosum (Jack.MD EG. Dalbergia confertiflora Bth. Curculigo orchioides Gaertn.MD MD EG.) DC Desmos dasymachalus (Bl.SEG EG. Crinum asiaticum Linn Croton sublyratus Kurz Crypteronia paniculata Bl.MD SEG EG.SEG MD EG.MD EG..SEG.SEG.MD EG.) Engl.f.MD MAN EG. & Schult. MD MD MD EG MD MD MD SEG EG EG EG. f. Family Connaraceae Boraginaceae Boraginaceae Zingiberaceae Hypericaceae Amaryllidaceae Euphorbiaceae Crypteroniaceae Lauraceae Asclepiadaceae Amaryllidaceae Amaryllidaceae Zingiberaceae Annonaceae Cycadaceae Menispermaceae Orchidaceae Caesalpinaceae Cyperaceae Caesalpinaceae Caesalpinaceae Caesalpinaceae Caesalpinaceae Lauraceae Rubiaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Annonaceae Dichapetalaceae Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae Dilleniaceae Poaceae Fabaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Habit Climber Tree Tree Herb Tree Herb Tree Tree Tree Climber Herb Herb Herb Climber shrub Climber Herb shrub Herb Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree Herb Climber Climber Herb shrub shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Climber Climber Climber Climber Forest type SEG SEG SEG. 2009. Cyperus odoratus L.) Forst Derris scandens Benth.SEG. Curcuma petiolata Roxb.SEG.MD. Cryptocarya amygdalina Nees Cryptolepis buchanani Roem. Dioscorea oppositifolia Linn.MD 261 .MD MD MD EG. Cordia subcordata Lam. Cynometra ramiflora Linn. Cyclea peltata Hook. Derris trifoliata Lour. Dillenia andamanica C. Costus speciosus (Koenig) Sm.SEG EG.MD EG.Check List 5(2): 254–269.MD SEG. Dehaasia kurzii King Dentella repens (Linn.) Dyer.SEG.E.LIT EG. Desmodium laxiflorum DC Desmodium triquetrum DC.SEG MAN SEG. & Thoms. Dalbergia monosperma Dalz. Dinochloa andamanica Kurz Dioclea hexandra (Ralph) Mabberley Dioscorea bulbifera Linn Dioscorea hamiltonii Hk.SEG. Cordia grandis Roxb. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb.SEG.MD MAN SEG EG. Dalbergia pinnata (Lour. Dillenia indica Linn.) Sw. SEG EG.MD EG.SEG.SEG.MAN EG.) Druce Eugenia kurzii Duthie Eugenia manii King.SEG.Schum Dracaena angustifolia Roxb.) Airy-Shaw Endospermum malaccense Benth.No 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 Species Name Dioscorea pentaphylla Linn.SEG. Eugenia claviflora Roxb Eugenia cumini (L.SEG.MD EG. Dipterocarpus costatus Gaertn. Diospyros pilosula Wall Diospyros pyrrhocarpa Miq var andamanica Kurz Diospyros undulata Wall.) Walp Ehretia laevis Roxb. 2009.SEG.MD EG EG.Hoffm Drypetes assamica Pax & Hoffm.)L.SEG EG. Evolvulus nummularius (L.) J. Elaeocarpus aristatus Roxb Elatostema cuneatum Wight Endospermum diadenum (Miq.MD LIT. Dioscorea vexans Prain & Burk.MD EG.SEG SEG EG. Euphorbia epiphyloides Kurz Euphorbia trigona Haw. Drynaria quercifolia (Linn. Elaeagnus latifolia Linn.MD EG.Smith Drypetes andamanica Pax & K.SEG.SEG EG.MD SEG.MD EG.MD EG MD EG MAN SEG EG 262 . ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.SEG.MD EG.SEG EG. ex DC.MD EG SEG EG.MD EG.MD EG SEG EG.MD MD EG.Check List 5(2): 254–269.SEG. Dracontomelum mangiferum Blume.MD EG. Entada scandens Benth.SEG.SEG. Duabanga grandiflora (Roxb.SEG EG. Excoecaria agallocha Linn.MD EG.SEG.SEG.SEG.SEG. MD EG.) Miq Ficus gibbosa Blume Family Dioscoreaceae Dioscoreaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Menispermaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Asclepiadaceae Bignoniaceae Marantaceae Liliaceae Anacardiaceae Polypodiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Sonneratiaceae Boraginaceae Elaeagnaceae Elaeocarpaceae Urticaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Mimosaceae Convolvulaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Convolvulaceae Euphorbiaceae Moraceae Moraceae Habit Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Tree Herb Herb Tree Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree shrub Tree Climber Tree Tree Tree Forest type SEG. Ficus arnottiana (Miq.SEG.MD EG EG.ex Muell.) Pax & Hoffm. Diploclisia glaucescens Diels Dipterocarpus alatus Roxb. Diospyros oocarpa Thw. Erycibe griffithi Cl. Diospyros gracilis Fletcher Diospyros kurzii Hiern.f Dipterocarpus gracilis Blume Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Blanco Dischidia minor (Vahl) Merrill Dolichandrone rheedii Seem Donax canniformis K . Drypetes longifolia (Bl.MD EG.SEG EG.-Arg. SEG.Juss Harrisonia perforata (Blanco) Merr.) R. MD EG. Ganophyllum falcatum Blume Garcinia cowa Roxb Garcinia xanthochymus Hook. MD EG. MD SEG MD EG. Gelonium tenuifolium Ridl Geodorum densiflorum Schlechter Globba marantina Linn.SEG.MAN 263 .Br.SEG EG.MD EG MD MD EG. & Ait. Glochidion andamanicum Kurz Glochidion calocarpum Kurz Glochidion hirsutum (Roxb.MD EG.SEG.MD EG.Check List 5(2): 254–269.SEG. Gomphandra comosa King Goniothalamus macranthus (Kurz) King Gouania andamanica King Gouania tilifolia Lamk. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.MD EG.MD SEG SEG SEG EG.MD EG.SEG. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S. Grewia heterotricha Burret Grewia laevigata Mart.) Kurz Gynochthodes macrophylla Kurz Harrisonia brownii A.SEG.Heyne ex Roth Ficus ramentacea Roxb.) Tanaka Glycosmis pentaphylla (Retz.SEG EG.MD MD MD SEG LIT.MD SEG EG.Br Flagellaria indica Linn.SEG.MAN EG.) Correa Glycosmis pilosa Narayan Glyptopetalum calcocarpum Prain Gmelina elliptica Sm Gnetum scandens Roxb. Ficus rumphii Blume. Hedyotis andamanica Kurz Helinus lanceolatus Brandis Heritiera littoralis Dry.MD MD EG. Garuga pinnata Roxb.-Ham.MD EG.SEG EG EG.SEG EG. Ficus variegata Blume Firmiana colorata (Roxb. Ficus retusa Linn.SEG.f Gardenia coronaria Buch.) Voight Glycosmis mauritiana (Lam.MD LIT.SEG.SEG.No 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 Species Name Ficus mysorensis B. 2009.SEG. Family Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Moraceae Sterculiaceae Flagellariaceae Fabaceae Fabaceae Sapindaceae Clusiaceae Clusiaceae Rubiaceae Burseraceae Euphorbiaceae Orchidaceae Zingiberaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Celastraceae Verbenaceae Gnetaceae Icacinaceae Annonaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Tiliaceae Tiliaceae Tiliaceae Rubiaceae Cucurbitaceae Rubiaceae Simaroubaceae Simaroubaceae Rubiaceae Rhamnaceae Sterculiaceae Habit Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber shrub shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Herb Tree Tree Tree shrub shrub shrub Tree Tree Climber Tree Tree Climber Climber shrub Tree shrub Tree Climber Tree shrub Climber Herb Tree Tree Forest type SEG SEG LIT MD MD EG. Grewia serrulata DC Guettarda speciosa Linn Gymnopetalum cochinchinense (Lour. MD EG EG.) R.) Kuntze ex Prain Flemingia strobilifera (L. Ipomea pes-caprae (Linn.MD EG.MD SEG SEG 264 .SEG.LIT. Licuala peltata Roxb. Maesa andamanica Kurz Maesa ramentacea Wall. Hibiscus tiliaceous Linn. Sm Family Hernandiaceae Bignoniaceae Convolvulaceae Malvaceae Malvaceae Malpighiaceae Dipterocarpaceae Asclepiadaceae Apocynaceae Apocynaceae Flacourtiaceae Cyperaceae Hippocrateaceae Poaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Convolvulaceae Rubiaceae Oleaceae Myristicaceae Cyperaceae Lythraceae Anacardiaceae Asteraceae Leeaceae Leeaceae Leeaceae Leeaceae Leeaceae Leeaceae Arecaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Combretaceae Euphorbiaceae Sapotaceae Myrsinaceae Sapotaceae Orchidaceae Habit Tree Tree Climber Climber Tree Climber Tree Climber Tree Tree Tree Herb Climber Herb Climber Climber Climber Climber shrub Climber Tree Herb Tree Tree Herb shrub shrub shrub shrub shrub shrub shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree shrub shrub Herb / Forest type LIT MD EG MD LIT.SEG.f. MD EG. Hiptage benghalensis Kurz Hopea odorata Roxb. Macaranga indica Wight.SEG. Hibiscus scandens Roxb.f.O.SEG SEG. Lumnitzera racemosa Willd.MD SEG.SEG. Ipomoea illustris (Cl. MD EG MD.MD MD EG.J.SEG.Don Knema andamanica (Warb.ex G.MD LIT EG MD EG.No 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 267 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 Species Name Hernandia peltata Meissn Heterophragma adenophyllum Seem.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Malaxis latifolia J.SEG.MD EG.SEG.SEG. Ipomoea campanulata Linn.J.MD EG EG EG.MD SEG EG.SEG SEG EG. & Moritzi Jasminium cordifolium Wall. Leea asiatica (L.MAN EG.) Merrill Leea macrophylla Roxb. Hoya parasitica Wall Hunteria corymbosa Roxb.Miq. Leea angulata Korth. Leea guineensis G. Hewittia scandens Roxb. Hypolytrum nemorum (Vahl) Spreng.) Merrill Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.SEG. Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.MD EG EG.) Prain Ixora grandifolia Zoll.de Wilde Kyllinga triceps Rottb Lagerstroemia hypoleuca Kurz Lannea coromandelica (Houtt.) Alston Leea aequata L. Ipomea mauritiana Jacq. 2009. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.MD SEG EG.MAN EG. Madhuca butyracea Macbr. Litsea kurzii King Litsea panamonja Ham. Litsea chinensis Lam.MD SEG. Hydnocarpus castanea Hook.) Ridsd.SEG.MD EG.Don Leea indica (Burm.) Sweet yn.MD MAN EG. Hyppocratea grahamii Wight Imperata cylindrica Beauv.MD EG EG MAN EG.) Gardner ex Thw.) W. E.SEG.ex. Mallotus oblongifolius (Miq.f. Micromelum pubescens Bl.) M.Check List 5(2): 254–269.SEG EG. Mucuna gigantea DC. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.MD EG.MD EG. Mangifera andamanica King Mangifera sylvatica Roxb.SEG EG EG. MD EG.H. MD EG. & N.ex.SEG.SEG.E.MD EG. Micromelum minutum (Forst f.SEG.Roem Murdannia spirata (L.MD SEG EG MD EG. Memecylon collinum Balakr.SEG.MD EG.MD MD SEG EG.-Arg.) D.) Kuntze Morinda citrifolia Linn.SEG.SEG.MAN EG EG EG. Gmel Family Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Sapotaceae Melastomataceae Melastomataceae Melastomataceae Clusiaceae Rutaceae Rutaceae Celastraceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Sapindaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Fabaceae Cucurbitaceae Commelinaceae Rutaceae Musaceae Rubiaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Rutaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Arecaceae Orchidaceae Ochanaceae Apocynaceae Habit Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree shrub Tree Tree shrub Tree Tree Tree shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Climber Herb Tree shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree shrub Herb shrub Tree / / Forest type EG.MD SEG MD EG.SEG. Neolitsea zeylanica (Nees) Merr Nypa fruticans Wurmb. Mallotus resinosus (Blanco) Merr. Myristica irya Gaertn.MD SEG.MD EG EG MAN EG SEG MD 265 .) Muell. Musa acuminata Colla Mussaenda macrophylla Wall.SEG.) Wight & Arn.MD MD MD EG EG.) Muell-Arg. 2009. F. Microtropis ovalifolia Wight Miliusa andamanica (King) Miliusa tectona Hutch. Myristica andamanica Hook. Neolitsea andamanica Kosterm.Parkinson Mischocarpus sundaicus Blume Mitragyna rotundifolia (Roxb.) Bruckner Murraya exotica Linn.f.G.SEG EG. Mallotus peltatus (Geis) Muell-Arg.MD LIT. Oberonia iridifolia Lindl Ochna wallichi Planch.SEG MD SEG EG.Nicolson Nauclea gageana King Nauclea purpurascens Roxb. Myristica glabra Blume Myristica glaucescens Hook.No 286 287 288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 Species Name Mallotus andamanicus Hook.MD EG.Nair Memecylon edule Roxb.SEG. Manilkara littoralis (Kurz) Dubard Melastoma malabathricum Linn.SEG. Mukia maderaspatana (Linn.C. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S. Ochrosia borbonica J. Mesua ferrea Linn.SEG.f. Myristica prainii King Naringi crenulata (Roxb. MAN EG EG EG.f.Don Polyalthia jenkensii Hook.SEG.SEG.SEGMAN EG.MD MD SEG EG.MD MD EG EG EG. Pongamia pinnata Pierre Popowia nitida King Pothos macrocephalus Scort.MD EG EG.SEG. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.MD EG. Oxytenanthera nigro-ciliata Munro Paederia foetida Linn.SEG. Planchonia andamanica King Plecospermum andamanicum King ex Hook.f.MD SEG EG EG EG.f.SEG.SEG.) Tanaka Parishia insignis Hook. & Forst. ex Hook. Oryza indandamanica Ellis Osbeckia chinensis Linn. Parsonsia inodora (Lour. Pterocymbium tinctorium Merrill Pterolobium macropterum Kurz Family Olacaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Bignoniaceae Poaceae Melastomataceae Poaceae Rubiaceae Bignoniaceae Pandanaceae Pandanaceae Apocynaceae Rutaceae Anacardiaceae Apocynaceae Ophioglossaceae Urticaceae Simaroubaceae Nyctaginaceae Lecythidaceae Moraceae Rutaceae Podocarpaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Polygonaceae Sapindaceae Fabaceae Annonaceae Araceae Araceae Verbenaceae Rosaceae Annonaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Fabaceae Sterculiaceae Caesalpinaceae Habit Climber Tree shrub Tree Tree Herb shrub shrub Climber Tree Tree shrub shrub Climber Climber Tree Climber Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree shrub Tree Tree shrub Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree shrub Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber / / Forest type EG.MD LIT.MD EG.SEG EG.No 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 Species Name Olax imbricata Roxburgh Orophea hexandra Blume Orophea katschallica Kurz Oroxylum indicum Vent.) Moldenke Paramignya andamanica (L.) Almeida & Almeida Peristylus parishii Reichb.MD EG. & Thoms Polygonum chinense Linn. Pleiospermum alatum (Wight & Arn. MD EG.f.MD EG. Pajanelia rheedi Wight Pandanus andamanensium Kurz Pandanus tectorius Soland.SEG.SEG.MD EG. 2009.MD EG.SEG EG. Polyalthia simiarum Hook. Picrasma javanica Blume Pisonia excelsa (Sw. Ex Parkinson Parameria laevigata (Juss.SEG EG.MD EG SEG EG.SEG SEG EG. Pterocarpus dalbergoides Roxb.SEG.SEG. Prunus martabanica Kurz Pseuduvaria prainii (King) Merr. & Thoms. Premna integrifolia Linn. Psychotria andamanica Kurz Psychotria helferi Kurz Psychotria platyneura Kurz. Pothos scandens Linn.SEG.SEG.) Swingle Podocarpus neriifolius D.f.SEG.f.MD EG.SEG MAN EG EG.MD SEG 266 .MD EG.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Pometia pinnata Forst.f. Phyllochlamys spinosa Bur.) Planch.SEG.SEG. SEG.SEG. Rhizophora apiculata Blume Rhizophora mucronata Lam. Smilax macrophylla Roxb.SEG.Check List 5(2): 254–269. Sterculia parviflora Roxb.MD SEG EG.SEG.f.SEG.MD MD EG. Family Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Araceae Rhizophoraceae Rhizophoraceae Violaceae Acanthaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Celastraceae Celastraceae Hippocrateaceae Celastraceae Euphorbiaceae Rubiaceae Icacinaceae Araceae Cyperaceae Flacourtiaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Celastraceae Smilacaceae Smilacaceae Smilacaceae Sonneratiaceae Fabaceae Rubiaceae Verbenaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Menispermaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Sterculiaceae Habit Tree Tree Climber Tree / shrub Climber Tree Tree Tree shrub Herb Tree Tree Climber Climber Tree Climber Tree Tree Climber Climber Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree shrub Herb Climber Tree Tree Climber Tree Tree Tree Tree / Forest type EG. Salacia exsculpta Korth.MD EG.Kruidk. Sonneratia alba Sm. Smilax odoratissima Bl. 2009.MD 267 .SEG.MD SEG EG.MD EG. Sideroxylon longipetiolatum King & Prain Siphonodon celastrineus Grif.f. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S. Sageraea listeri var.f Sarcostigma kleinii Wight & Arn. Sapium baccatum Roxb.) Clos.) Nees.SEG.MD EG.) Kurz Stephania japonica Miers Sterculia guttata Roxb. Sterculia villosa Roxb.MD EG. Salacia tortuosa Griff.MD EG.MD EG SEG EG.MD EG. Salacia prinoides DC. andamanica Chatterjee & Mukerjee Salacia chinensis L.SEG. Semecarpus kurzii Engler Semecarpus prainii King Sideroxylon ferrugineum Hook.MD EG EG.SEG MAN EG.SEG.SEG.MD EG.MD EG. Randia forbesii G. Sophora tomentosa Linn.MD MAN MAN EG. Spondias pinnata (Linn.SEG.MD EG. King Randia longiflora Lamk. & Thoms.MD EG.) Schott.f.) Kuntze Rungia pectinata (Linn.SEG.SEG. Rinorea bengalnensis (Wall. Spermacoce articularis L.No 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 403 404 405 Species Name Pterospermum acerifolium Willd. Scindapsus officinalis Schott Scleria terrestris (L. Rhaphidophora pertusa (Roxb. Sageraea elliptica Hook. Sterculia rubiginosa Vent.MD EG.SEG.MD MD MAN SEG EG SEG. Pterygota alata R. MD EG. Saprosma ternatum Hook.SEG.SEG.SEG. Smilax aspericaulis Wall.) Fass. Scolopia crenata (Wight & Arn. & Arn.SEG.SEG EG EG.SEG.Br. Sphenodesme unguiculata Schauer Spondias mangifera Willd.MD EG.MD EG.SEG.MD EG SEG. Symplocos racemosa Roxb. Wrightia arborea (Dennst. Strychnos minor Dennst Strychnos wallichiana Steud. Vitex glabrata R.) Stapf Webera kurzii Hook.MD EG. Streblus taxoides (Roth.SEG.MD EG.ex Correa Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl.MD EG.SEG.MD EG.MD EG. Trema amboinensis (Willd. Vernonia cinerea (L.MD MD EG.ex.SEG.DC.SEG.SEG.SEG EG.SEG.MD MD SEG. Tetrastigma lanceolarium (Roxb.SEG SEG EG.MD EG. Br.SEG.MD EG.MD LIT EG.) Kurz Strobilanthes glandulosus Kurz Strongylodon ruber Vogel Strychnos axillaris Colebr. Terminalia manii King Terminalia procera Roxb.f) Merr Toxocarpus kurzii Hook. Trema orientalis Bl.) Less. & Thonn. f.) Planch Thespesia populnea Soland. MD SEG EG SEG EG EG.) Kuntze Talauma andamanica King Terminalia bialata Steud Terminalia catappa Linn.Br. Tetracera sarmentosa (L. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.SEG.SEG. Vitex urceolata Cl.SEG. Walsura candollei King.SEG. Uvaria hamiltonii Hook. Uvaria cordata Schumach.MD 268 .MD EG.MD EG.Check List 5(2): 254–269.SEG.SEG.) Voigt Trichosanthes palmata Roxb Triumfetta rhomboides Jacq.SEG.f. Family Moraceae Moraceae Acanthaceae Fabaceae Loganiaceae Loganiaceae Loganiaceae Symplocaceae Myrtaceae Apocynaceae Taccacaeae Magnoliaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Combretaceae Theaceae Dilleniaceae Tetramelaceae Vitaceae Malvaceae Acanthaceae Menispermaceae Menispermaceae Apocynaceae Ulmaceae Ulmaceae Cucurbitaceae Cucurbitaceae Tiliaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Rhamnaceae Asteraceae Verbenaceae Verbenaceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Asclepiadaceae Rubiaceae Apocynaceae Habit Tree Tree Herb Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Tree Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Tree Climber Tree Climber Climber Climber Climber Tree Tree Climber Climber Herb Climber shrub Climber Herb Tree Tree Tree Tree Climber Tree Tree Forest type EG.) Mabb.MD EG.SEG.) Bl. MD EG. Ternstroemia wallichiana (Griffith) Engl. 2009.f.) Miers emend.MD EG.No 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432 433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 Species Name Streblus asper Lour. MD SEG EG.) Vahl Hoogl.MD EG EG. Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill & Perry Tabernaemontana crispa Roxb Tacca leontopetaloides (Linn. MD LIT EG.MD EG.SEG EG.f. Trichosanthes bracteata (Lam. Ventilago madraspatana Gaertn.SEG EG. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.SEG.SEG. Walsura hypoleuca Kurz Wattakaka volubilis (Linn.SEG. var andamanica Tetrameles nudiflora R. Troupin Tinospora glabra (Burm.MD MD EG.MD MD EG EG. SEG LIT.) Mill Ziziphus oenoplia var pallens Bhandari & Bhansali Family Xanthophyllaceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Rutaceae Zingiberaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Rhamnaceae Habit Tree Tree Tree Tree Herb Climber Climber Climber Forest type EG. MD EG. 2009.Check List 5(2): 254–269.) Zanthoxylum rhetsa (Roxb) DC. MD EG.MAN MAN EG EG.SEG.No 447 448 449 450 451 452 453 454 Species Name Xanthophyllum andamanicum King Xylocarpus granatum Koenig Xylocarpus moluccensis (Lamk. ISSN: 1809-127X LISTS OF SPECIES S.MD EG. MD 269 . Zingiber spectabile Griff Ziziphus glabrata Heyne Ziziphus oenoplia (L.