7 7.1 PILING General Specifications 7.1.1 Standard Piling shall conform with the principles contained in British Standard Code of Practice CP 2004. 7.1.2 Setting Out The contractor shall set out the position and levels of each pile from given reference or base line and datum levels on the site. All pipes are to be accurately positioned in accordance with setting out drawings. 7.1.3 Tolerance The deviation of the piles from verticality of the specified rake shall not be more than 1 : 75. 75mm. 7.1.4 Rectification Works Where a pile has been damaged while driving, testing or by other causes the contractor will be required to provide additional piles in the positions to be determined at site at no extra cost to the Employer so that at least the same bearing capacity as required at the original position is obtained. Any increase the cost of the pile caps or foundations owing to the above mentioned causes shall be borne by the contractor. Where the position of the pile deviates by more than 75mm from the true position and or 1 : 75 inclination from specified rake, the cost of any extra piling and modifications to the pile caps and foundations as required to achieve at Their deviation in any direction in plan at cut-off level from the correct position indicated in the drawings must not be more than 1.6 Final Survey On completion of the Works the contractor shall survey the positions of piles as driven including final reduced level.1. extent of up heaving (if any) and inclination in the form of as-built drawings.5 Pile Driving Records A records of all piles driven or installed shall be kept by the contractor and a certified copy of the record shall be submitted to the S. The record shall consist the following information where applicable :All Piles (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) (ix) (x) and (xi) (xii) (xiii) Date Identification nominal Diameter or Size Level of ground at commencement of operations Type of name of piling equipment Hammer weight Height of drop Driving energy Time of driving and finished and any stoppage of driving Total length of finished pile including lengths of different segments number of joints Pile founding level Final set per 10 blows with corresponding Final temporary compression per blow Reduced level mark on pile to check for any sign of pile up heaving Copy of the records shall be handed over to the S. 7. . 7.O.least the required bearing capacity at the original points shall be borne by the contractor.O. including the construction and dismantling of the load staging and handling of the kentledge materials on and off the load stage. (i) Equipment and Personnel for Load Test (a) All kentledge. etc and for the continuous and competent watching of the whole set-up. (b) The Contractor will provide skilled staff to supervise and direct the whole process of the test and assist in taking and recording all readings.1. (d) The kentledge shall be provided by a heavy mass of dead load. (c) The Contractor shall provide all other labour required for the proper execution of the test. with a minimum of 50mm travel.7.7 Pile Load Tests The contractor will allow for carrying out test loads up to 2 times working load. shelter. (ii) Settlement Measurement (a) Vertical movements of the test pile shall be measured by at least two dial gauges. etc required for the load test shall be provided by the contractor. equipment. . staging.025mm divisions and by a dumpy level reading 2 scales graduated millimetres one fixed to the pile cap and another fixed to some permanent structure as control. graduated in 0. supported centrally over the test pile on suitably constructed loading platform fixed to the head of the test pile. supports. 25mm per hour or load shall be maintained until a minimum of 2 hours has elapsed.25 times the working load up to the working load. Settlement shall be recorded before and half an hour after increase or descrease of load. In addition. (b) In the first cycle the test load shall be applied in increments of 0. The test procedure shall be as follows:(a) The test shall be measured within an accuracy of 2 per cent. Such supports shall be located not closer than 1. The load after each increment shall be kept constant until the rate of settlement does not exceed 0. (iii) Procedure For Testing The “Maintained Load” method of testing shall preferably by carried out on the test pile.2 metres from the test pile and shall be rigidly fixed to the ground to a depth of not less than 900mm of concrete surround. the elevation of the supports shall be checked frequently with reference to a fixed benchmark. (c) The entire measuring assembly shall be properly protected against rain. the end of which shall rest on or be fixed to reliable supports. Settlements shall be measured within an accuracy of 0. direct sunlight and other disturbances that might affect its reliability. . whichever is later.(ii) Settlement Measurement [Cond’t] (b) The gauges shall be erected on stiff steel beams.25mm and shall be referred to a datum which shall be unaffected by any movement of the ground. 5mm. whichever is later. (g) The permanent settlement of the pile after unloading of full test load shall not be more than 6.(iii) Procedure For Testing [Cond’t] (c) It shall then be unloaded in the same increment. unless failure occurs in the sense that jacking load cannot be maintained. (I) The maximum settlement under twice the working load shall not be more than 38mm or 0. settlement to be recorded after 24 hours.5mm. (e) The full test load shall be maintained for 24 hours and the total settlement recorded.25 times the working load.25mm/ton or test load. whichever is less. The load after each increment shall be kept constant until the rate of settlement does not exceed 0. the pile shall be loaded up to twice working load in increments of 0. (d) In the second cycle. (h) The maximum settlement under working load shall not be more than 12. (f) The load shall be reduced in stages first to half of the full test load for 2 hours and thereafter fully unloaded.25mm per hour or load shall be maintained until a minimum of 1/2 hour has elapsed. Final . 2 7. piling records. 30mm or 2/5 the wall thickness of the pile whichever is less. photographs. organic matter or excessive fine. 7. tabulated and graphical test load result and other relevant information regarding the load testing to the S.1 Precast Square Piles General This section applies to Precast Square Piles. The maximum nominal size of the coarse aggregate shall not exceed . 7.2. salts. mud.O.(iii) Procedure For Testing [Cond’t] (j) The contractor shall prepare the following graphs after completion of the test :(1) Load and settlement plotted above and below a common base line of time.2.2. (k) The contractor shall submit a full report with test location plan. (2) Settlement and recovery plotted horizontally against the vertical line of load used.2 7.1 Concrete Aggregates Coarse aggregate shall be crushed granite not containing any deleterious material.2. aggregates.3 Manufacturing of Piles The contractor shall supply sufficient mourds and shall cast piles in the most expeditious manner.2.S 12.2.Final aggregate shall be clean river sand or washed mining sand passing B. Main reinforcement bars shall be in complete lengths of sufficiently lapped.2. formwork and labours are dealt with in the relevant section of this specification. water. Spacer forks shall be in pairs of cast iron. acid. salts.2. 7. 7. nitrate ions.3 Water Water used for producing concrete shall be fress of oil. concrete mix. welding. testing and placing of concrete reinforcement. 7. mild steel or other approved materials. The general requirements to cement.2.2. 7.4 Admixtures In particular it shall not contain any chloride or Admixtures may be used provided they do not contain any chioride or nitrate ions.2 Cement Cement shall be ordinary Portland Cement to B.2.S sieve No. Concreting of each pile shall be completed in one continuous operation and concrete shall be vibrated to ensure adequate compaction. organic matter or anything that may produce harmful reaction with the cement or steel. . 7. Piles may be suitable constrained to maintain their correct position by means of guys or guide but no pile which has been deflected from its course or has been wrongly aligned shall be forcily brought back to correct alignment. (ii) Where piles are driven below the level of the bottom of the leads of the pile frame. . For piles incorporating Rapid Hardening cement the foregoing periods shall be modified accordingly. driving or at any other time shall be replaced at the contractor’s expense.All piles shall be clearly marked with the date of casting.2. Pile shall not be driven until they are 21 days old. extension leads shall be fitted. 7. 7.5 Lifting and Stacking Piles shall be lifted and stacked in an orderly manner.2. Trestles or rests shall be placed at the position of the lifting points.2. All piles damaged during handling. 7.4 Removing of Forms Side forms will be removed after 4 days and bottom boards 12days after casting.6 Handling or Piles The contractor shall exercise great care in lifting and handling of piles and no pile shall be lifted other than slinging and using the lifting holes.7 Pitching and Driving (i) Piles shall pitched accurately in the positions and driven to the appropriate lines and levels shown on the drawings or as specified elsewhere.2. 7. Should any pile heave upwards. if shall be re-driven to its original level or if necessary until its specified set is again obtained. the heads of piles shall be protected by a helmet of cast steel or mild steel fitting closely around the pile. Welding shall be done in such a manner that the concrete is not damaged by overheating.8Plant for Pile Driving Drop hammer shall be used in general.7 Pitching and Driving [Cond’t] (iii) During driving. 7. 7.9Joints Splicing shall be executed by site welding.2. The top of the helmet shall be recessed and fillted with a timber stub dolly 1 ft long. (iv) The contractor shall maintain a record of the driving of all piles giving sets and other relevant data. (v) Immediately after a pile has been completely driven a recordreduced level of the pile head and further checks shall be made on the level of the head after the friving of adjacent piles. It shall be of sufficient driving . 1” thick covering the head of the pile. energy for the type of piles used.7. The packing and stub dolly shall be replaced as often as necessary to prevent damage to the piles.2. A packing of coiled hemp rope or asbestos fibre.2. 3 Treated Hardwood Piles 7. Alternatively should circumstances requires this the substructure over the piles shall be constructed to a modified design which takes account of the variation in the pile position or alignment. 7. Jointing between the two butting extension plates shall be effected with continuous full penetration butt weld.2Materials Treated hardwood piles shall be of Malaysian Hardwood Timber.3.3.Shimming between the driven pile and the extension pile should be avoided as far as possible.2.3. guys may be used to assist in positioning the pile but no pile which has deviated more than 3” out of positions shall be forcibly constrained in an effort to rectify this. 7. The extension pile shall be aligned to be co-axial with the driven pile. Kempas shall be used in general and the grading shall be in accordance to Appendix A of MS 822.3Manufacture All piles shall be pressure treated with copper-chrome-arsenate wood preservative in accordance with MS 822 to the following requirements:- .10 Pile Out of Alignment During driving.1General This section applies to Treated Hardwood Piles 7. 7. 4 Pitching And Driving Of Piles Piles shall be pitched accurately in the positions as shown on the drawings. Each pile shall be driven continuously until the specified set and/or depth has been achieved. Set shall be taken at intervals during driving to establish the behavior of the piles. The log shall record the number of blows for every 0. A detailed record of the driving resistance over the full length of each pile shall be kept. The driving equipment used shall be of such type and capacity required for the works.0m each unless otherwise approved.m minimum.(i) The minimum depth of penetration shall be 25mm and the net dry salt retention shall be 15kg/cu.5m of pile penetration.3. Piles shall be provided in one single length of 6.0m or less shall be in one continuous length. So that brooming and splitting do not occur. 7. The pile head shall be adequately protected during driving. with toothed metal plated during normal driving. The final set of a pile other than a friction pile shall be recorded as the penetration in millimetres per 10 blows. The pile head shall be fitted . Any pile driven to the required set at a depth of 6. Approximately one hour should be allowed After the “Sealant” application has between each application.5 Joints Piles shall be extended using Standard Pile Sleeve Details as recommended by the Suppliers.In the case of hard driving. 7. (b) Location . 7. the pile head should be heavily coated with an approved bituminous compound for whole depth that the pile will encased in the pile caps.3. gates and posts in accordance herein as shown on the plans. the damaged part shall be cut off and the helmet refitted.6 Cutting and Preparation Of Pile Heads Piles shall be cut off at levels as shown on the drawings or as directed by the Engineer. The cut off pile head should be given two flood coats of Tanapile “Sealant” allowing each application to soak into the end grain completely. A hard wood dolly and a packing piece shall be used above the helmet. If during driving the head of the pile becomes excessively broomed or otherwise damaged. 7. a metal helmet shall be fitted to the top of the pile. dried.3.4 Fencing (a) General This item covers the requirements for furnishing materials and constructing fence. After the completion of all the fillings the contractor shall survey and stake out the position of the fence lines along the property lines indicated or as otherwise shown on the plans. (b) The core wire shall be mild steel wire with well adhered galvanized coating. (c) (d) Line wires shall be the same type of wire used in the netting.5. bush.5 Material 7.33mm. dimensions are as shown in the drawings.1 Fencing Material (a) The Chain Link Fence shall have a 50mm x 50mm mesh size be made of green PVC coated wire having an overall diameter of 3.5.25mm and inner core wire of 2. rocks.2 Fence Posts (a) All fence posts shall be of mild steel angle sections. The The PVC coating shall be ultraviolet . 7. (c) Clearing Fence Line The clearings shall consist of the removal of all stumps. resistant. 7. All wires shall have an ultimate tensile strength of not less than 50 kg/mm2. The wire size and mesh shall conform to the tolerances specified in BS 1722 : 1986 and Custom and Excise Act requirements. trees or other obstructions which will interfere with proper construction of the fence. 7. . and their outer face in line. they shall be provided at intervals as shown in the drawing.3 Installation (a) All fence posts shall be firmly set in concrete bases of dimensions specified in the drawings. (b) The concrete bases for the fencing posts shall be of grade 15 and shall comply with the provisions of concrete work section. For straight lengths of fence. They shall be vertical 7.3 Installation [Cond’t] (c) Straining posts shall be provided at all ends and corners. All staining posts and corner posts shall have struts raking in the direction of the line of fence as detailed in the drawings.5.5.