Important Events in Philippine HistoryFriday 8 October 2004, by catseye The Spanish Regime March 17, 1521. Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese navigator accidentallylanded in the island of Samar. March 31, 1521. The first Catholic mass was held in Limasawa, an island in the south of Leyte. April 27, 1521. Magellan died in the hands of a chieftain, Lapu-lapu, from his strong will to invade the island of Mactan. February 13 1565. Another group of explorers headed by General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, arrived in Cebu and insisted their claim for the island. June 3, 1571. After defeating Raja Sulayman in a battle in Bangkusay, Martin de Goiti claimed autonomy of Manila. June 24, 1571. Legazpi established Manila as the capital city with himself as Governor-General. April 14, 1617. The Spanish fleet headed by Juan Ronquillo prevented the British attempt to invade Manila in the battle of Playa-Homda. surrendered to the Spaniards. 1762. February 15. Noli Me Tangere. the newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena to voice out the Filipinos cry for reforms. October 31. 1891. the Spanish fleet defeated the British warship in Manila Bay. September 18. . 1829. For the second time. September 6.October 3. The British surrendered the country to Spain after losing a battle during the seven-year war between them. The British fleet defeated the Spanish warship allowing the British rule the country for two years. 1889. Manila was opened to international trade leading to a remarkable transformation of its economy. October 5. The establishment of La Solidaridad. Francisco Dagohoy. Both portrayed the struggling life of the Filipinos under the Spanish rule. 1834. 1646. This event is commemorated in a yearly feast called " La Naval de Manila". March 17. Jose Rizal finished his novel El Filibusterismo following the first. 1764. a cabeza de barangay of Bohol and the leader of the longest uprising (8 years). July 3. July 7. Jose Rizal established La Liga Filipina. 1896. Bonifacio and his fellow Katipuneros tore their cedulas or residence certificates while shouting "Long live the Philippines". during their preparation for battle. a scientist and a teacher to the locals. 1892. Andres Bonifacio. August 19. But in the end. 1896. a civic movement aimed at reuniting Filipinos to act together for reforms and autonomy from the unjust administration of the Spaniards. 1892. 1896. August 25. At the same day of Rizal’s capture. July 7. Jose Rizal was captured and exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao. The Spaniards learned the Katipunan movement that resulted to a massive capture of many Filipinos. Filipinos lost the battle . 1892. There he served as a doctor. Due to strong forcesand large presence of the Filipino troops. This was marked as the historic Cry of Balintawak. both camps of the Spaniards retreated. a revolutionary movement aimed to fight for freedom against Spain. Teodoro Plata and Valentin Diaz established the "Katipunan". The Katipuneros headed by Bonifacio had their first encounter with the Spanish civil guards and infantrymen. August 23. May 10. Setember 12. Tala. 1897. This was held in Tejeros. Bonifacio diisolved the convention after Daniel Tirona. an associate of Emilio Aguinaldo. They are now known as teh "Trece Martires de Cavite" or the thirteen martyrs of Cavite. 1897. Cavite after an unjust trial headed by General. March 22. an associate of Emilio Aguinaldo. questioned his professional credibility as the director of the interior without a Lawyer’s diploma. The Katipuneros elected a new set of officers to replace the Katipunan. Aguinaldo’s group won andconsidered Bonifacio and his men enemies of the revolution. 1897. Manila. Mariano Noriel. San Francisco de Malabon and was called the Tejeros Convention.when the latter came back with large number of fighters and stronger ammunition. Andres Bonifacio and his brother Procopio were excuted in Mt. December 30. A new Spanish Governor named Fernando Primo de Rivera arrived in Manila for the . 1896. 1896. A group of revolutionaries from Cavite were executed. Jose Rizal was executed by firing squad in Bagumbayan (now called Rizal Park) after being held captive at fort Santiago in Intramuros. April 23. The Spaniards bombed the American fleet "Maine" in Havana. General Francisco Makabulos of Tarlac established a provisional goverment. January 20. The United States declared war against Spain ordering Commodore George Dewy to attack the spanish fleet in the Philippines. 1898. April 25. Aguinaldo and his associates voluntarily moved to Hongkong for the amount of P800. Cuba killing 246 people. He issued a decree to grant pardon to those who would surrender to the Spanish government. . 1898. The arrest and imprisonment of suspected rebels continued and despite the Truce.purpose of minimizing the thriving rebellion of the Filipinos. December 15.000. 1898. 1897. American Occupation February 14. Periodic battles between the Filipinos and the Spaniards erupted due to mutual suspicion. 1897. Primo de Rivera and Pedro Paterno signed the Truce of Biak-na-Bato allowing a temporary ceasefire between the Spanish and the Filipinos. December 27. the revolution persisted. General Emilio Aguinaldo was sworn into office as the president of the Philippine Republic and at the same time promulgated The Malolos Constitution. 1898. 1898. 1898. A mock battle between the Spanish and the Americans occured forbidding the participation of Filipino soldiers. Nueva Ecija. Later. Without the knowledge of the Filipinos. June 12. December 10. Spain surrendered the Philippines (along with Puerto Rico and Guam) to the United States in exchange of $20 million under the Treaty of Paris. 1900. January 23. The Americans defeated the Spanish fleet led by Admiral Patricio Montojo. August 13. who had returned from Hongkong. Cavite. 1899. Manila Bay turned into a massive battle field between United States and Spain. Manila was surrendered by Spain to the United States. June 5. proclaimed Philippine independence at his mansion in Kawit. The young general. General Antonio Luna was killed by soldiers from the Kawit Company in Cabanatuan.May 1. 1898. 1899. Gregorio del Pilar died while fighting against the Americans in the Battle of Pasong Tirad (Tirad Pass). December 2. General Emilio Aguinaldo. . March 23. 1933. October 16. March 24. Sergio Osmena was elected as speaker and Manuel L. The first Philippine Assembly was inaugurated at ManilaGrand Opera House. 1901. Emilio Aguinaldo was captured by the Americans headed by Col. 1907. Frederick Funston with the help of some Filipinos in Palanan. August 29. President Franklin Roosevelt signed the Tydings McDuffie Act as to allow the drafting of the Philippine Constitution and to establish . Frank Murphy. 1930. The Jones Law was signed allowing the existence of thePhilippine Legislature and promising the Philippine independence from the United States. quezon as Majority Floor Leader. Crisanto Evangelista established the Communist Party of the Philippines or CPP as a peasant’s rebel movement and was later joined by farmers and even professionals. December 7. August 26. 1934. the last American Governor. allowing an open trade between the United States and the Philippines. grantedPhilippine women the right to vote.1916. 1913. The Underwood-Simons Law took effect. Isabela. Occtober 13. which was mainly patterned after the American Constitution. December 25 1941. On this day. over the Constitutional Convention. March 29. General Douglas MacArthur declared Manila as an "open city" but the Japanese ignored and still continued its attack. Manuel L. a US military base in Hawaii. 1942. Around 76. The Japanese bombed the Pearl Harbor. Quezon was elected President of the Commonwealth and Sergio Osmena as the Vice President. April 9. an agreement to liberate the Philippines in ten years. 1941. The Philippines wa attacked ten hours after the bombing. the "Fall of Bataan" and the infamous "Death March" took place. 1935. March 23. September 18.thePhilippine Commonwealth. 1935. Roosevelt approved the plebiscite on the constitution for the new Republic. Claro M. 1942. Recto presided the Philippine Constitution. Pres. World War II and the Japanese Occupation December 7.000 . Luis Taruc established the anti-Japanese guerilla movement HUKBALAHAP ( Hukbo ng Bayan Laban sa Hapon). 000 men perished from starvation during the ten-day march while some were luckily pulled out secretly by watching civilians. the last U. 1945.S.000 Americans died and 300.000 Japanese lost their lives. fell under Commander Homma of the Japanese Imperial Forces. The Philippines later was granted its independence but with over a million Filipino casualties.000 to 10. October 24. The Philippine Republic .starving Americans and Filipino soldiers surrendered to the Japanese in Bataan. This day the prominent battle of Leyte Gulf took place. Bataan to Camp O’donnell in Capas. Defense Base of Filipino-American troops under Jonathan Wainwright. Japan surrendered to the Americans. the islandsof Leyte and Mindoro had been cleared of the Japanese. Right after the war in the Pacific. More than 60. 1944.000 army and navy servicemen. September 2. 1942. where the island of Leyte was filled massively with an amphibious force of 700 vessels and 174. Corregidor. Around 7. By December 1944. May 6. Tarlac. The Japanese led their captives on a cruel hike from Mariveles. March 14. Garcia as Vice President. President Ramon Magsaysay died in an airplane crash in Manunggal. 1947. Alarmed by the growing armed members of Hukbalahap Movement. 1946. Hukbalahap leader Luis Taruc surrendered to the government. Magsaysay. Manuel Roxas became the first President of the PhilippineRepublic. July 4. . initiated many local infrastracture projects and established special courts to resolve disputes between landlords and tenants. 1948. April 17. March 17. Elpidio Quirino suceeded Manuel Roxas as the president when the latter died of heart attack. Ramon Magsaysay was elected the new President andCarlos P. allowing the US Military Bases to be installed in the Philippines for 99 years. 1953. The Tydings Rehabilitation Act was signed.April 30. 1954. Quirino tried to negotiate with its leader Luis Taruc. 1946. May 17. 1957. Cebu. The Treaty of General Relations was signed. giving the Americans equal freedom and previlige to use the natural resources of thePhilippines. Known to be the leader of the poor. signalling the decline of the movements threat. November 10. August 8. The Association of Southeast Asian Nation (ASEAN) was organized after a meeting in Manila. May 12. who first proclaimed Philippineindependence in 1898. President Macapagal signed the Agricultural Land Reform Code. 1962. Soon after taking office. schools and putting up urban beautification projects. 1967. November 9. Ferdinand Marcos was elected the 6th president of thePhilippine Republic. General Emilio Aguinaldo. November 11. President Macapagal proclaimed June 12 as a national holiday in commemoration of Philipine Independence instead of July 4. Garcia. 1962. bridges. health centers. building roads. . 1968. Diosdado Macapagal won the presidential election andreplaced President Carlos P.November 11. Marcos was re-elected as president. 1969. August 8. 1963. hospitals. was the Guest of Honor at the first celebration of ofPhilippine Independence on June 12. 1961. 1965. He made extravagant spendings on public works. Jose Maria Sison reestablished the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) as a StalinistMaoist Political Party. December 26. June 1. . a bomb exploded at Plaza Miranda during a political rally of the Liberal Party. Marcos blamed the communists for suspicious bombing. 1801. Starting that time. September 21. Marcos declared martial law under the proclamation No. 1972. Many opposition leaders including Benigno Aquino. journalists andactivists were detained in Fort Bonifacio under martial law. the popularity of Benigno Aquino and his Liberal Party grew rapidly. There were around 100 casualties and 10 deaths. 1971.