Pavement in JapanKazuyuki Kubo Leader, Logo Pavement Team Public Works Research Institute Paved Rate Not Paved Rate Paved Rate Paved Rate 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 Not Paved Rate 30 20 10 0 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004 . 000km Municipal Roads 997.600km (for Light Traffic 626.300km Asphalt 21.500km Cement Asphalt 878.200km) Cement 55.600km (for Light Traffic 4.100km Not-paved 254.300km Total 1.100km Asphalt Asphalt for Light Traffic Asphalt 698.4.800km paved Not-paved 248.Road Networks and Paved Roads (2004.200km (for Light Traffic 47.100km (Managed by MLIT) Asphalt 30.800km Cement 500km Motorway 7.187.000km Not-paved 400km National Roads 32.000km (for Light Traffic 573.1) Asphalt 6.700km Asphalt 122.600km) Cement 1.000km (for Light Traffic 400km) Cement 1.000km .500km) NotCement 50.100km National Roads 22.700km) Cement 1.000km （Managed by Prefecture and Metropolitan Cities） Prefectural Roads 129.700km Not-paved 5. which is based on performance-based specification. Transport and Tourism established “Technical Standard for Pavement Structure”. . the Ministry of Land.Technical Standards Manuals for pavement technologies had been published and revised by Pavement Committee in Japan Road Association – – – – Asphalt Pavement in 1950 Cement Concrete Pavement in1955 Recycling in 1980 Drainage Asphalt Pavement in 1995 In 2001. Infrastructure. Recycling Ratio of Construction By-Products Recycling Ratio of Asphalt Concrete is Over 98% All of Construction By-Products 85% 58% 98% Asphalt Concrete Cement concrete Waste Wood from Construction site Construction Sludge Mixed Construction Wastes 81% For Construction Material 14% 9% 11% 0 20 38% 40% 41% 40 For Fuel 96% 65% 45% 83% 2000 fiscal year 1995 fiscal year 60 80 100% . Plant Recycling Recycled aggregate (Used pavement) Asphalt Mixture Recycle Plant Recycle pavement by-products at a stationary mixing plant (recycling mixing plant) Reuse them as pavement materials Rejuvenator Recycled HMA Virgin aggregate Virgin Asphalt . Recycled asphalt mixture has already been promoted to use according to the following law Total Production of Asphalt Mixture (×1. enacted in FY2000 80.000 1991 90. the ratio of recycled asphalt mixture is close to 70%.000 Virgin Mixture 50.000 30.000 10.000 40.000 Recycled Mixture 20.Plant Recycling 70.000ton) .000 1990 Most popular in Japan Recently.000 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 0 1992 – Law Concerning the Promotion of Procurement of EcoFriendly Goods and Services by the State and Other Entities (Law on Promoting Green Purchasing).000 60. Porous Asphalt Mixture Binder course . Dense-graded Asphalt Mixture / Coarse-graded Asphalt Mixture Typical Properties of Porous Asphalt Mixture ・Maximum Particle Size: 5～13mm ・Air Voids: 17～23% ・High Viscosity Modified Asphalt 4~5cm 5cm .Drainage Asphalt Pavement Surface course . Advantage of Drainage Asphalt Pavement ・The place where requires some countermeasure for traffic noise → Attention to the performance of noise reduction → Performance specification by the noise level Noise ・The place where the safe drive in rainy days is required → Attention to the performance of water drainage Rain . Improve Road Safety in Rainy Days Less water on road surface – Improve skid resistance – Improve driver’s sight More than 70% of Expressways are paved by Drainage Asphalt Conventional Pavement Drainage Asphalt Pavement . Thank you for your attention .