Partus PresipitatusI Wayan Agung Indrawan Divisi Obstetri Ginekologi Sosial FKUB/RSSA Malang TERMS AND DEFINITIONS a. Precipitate Delivery. Persalinan yang berlangsung cepat ( < 3jam) dan berakhir dengan lahirnya bayi secara expulsi b. Emergency Delivery. Persalinan yang tidak direncanakan, berlangsung di tempat tak terduga, di luar rumah sakit. Definisi Kelahiran bayi yang berlangsung kurang dari 3 jam dari awal persalinan nulipara kecepatan dilatasi cervix 5 cm/ jam, dan pada multipara 10 cm/jam Etiologi Rendahnya resistensi bagian terendah dari jaringan lunak jalan lahir Kontraksi uterus yang amat kuat Hilangnya sensasi nyeri c. absence of painful sensations during labor . PREDISPOSE TO A PRECIPITATE DELIVERY a. forceful contractions.3-3. A multipara with unusually strong. A multipara with relaxed pelvic or perineal floor muscles b. Patofisiologi PRESIPITASI : Kehamilan multipel Kelainan kongenital uterus Malformasi pelvis Kontraksi hipertonik Overstimulasi oxytocin Kecemasan dan stres . Kontraksi hipertonik atau tetanik Rendahnya resistensi jaringan lunak jalan lahir Dilatasi cervix berjalan lebih cepat Mendorong janin keluar lebih cepat dari jalan lahir ( ≤ 3 jam ) Suddent birth . Tanda / gejala : • rasa nyeri yang melebihi normal • peningkatan heart rate. nadi dan temperatur • peningkatan tekanan darah • short of breathness • kecemasan • nasal flaring • fase relaksasi yang pendek • kontraksi hipertonik . (4) Amniotic fluid Embolism . vagina. Maternal. DANGER OF PRECIPITATE DELIVERY a. (2) Uterine atony may result from muscular exhaustion after unusually strong and rapid labor. (3) There may be infection as a result of unsterile delivery. and/or perineum. (1) lacerations of the cervix.3-4. DANGER OF PRECIPITATE DELIVERY Neonatal. (3) infection as a result of unsterile delivery. . (1) intracranial hemorrhage (2) aspiration of amniotic fluid.3-4. Komplikasi janin dan neonatus Peningkatan mortalitas dan morbiditas perinatal Trauma intracranial Erb-Duchenne palsy Bayi mungkin lahir secara cepat dan jatuh ke lantai sehingga menimbulkan luka atau fraktur. Pada umumnya bantuan resusitasi datang terlambat . maternal and fetal monitoring Before transferring pt consider stage of labor / pt’s parity . FHR Initiate supportive tx Venous access.Emergency Delivery Initial Step: Obtain maternal VS. or extremity . √ for fetus in introitus) Determine presenting part/position Palpate for skull sutures / fontanel. crowning.Emergency Delivery Sterile Pelvic exam (Degree cervical dilatation/effacement. buttock. 5. 6. 2. Engagement Flexion Descent Internal Rotation Extension External Rotation . 4.Process of Labor and Delivery Six Cardinal Movements: 1. 3. Delivery Steps 1-3 Perineum stretching /thinning allow passage of newborn Attempt to avoid Episiotomy 3-4 Control of fetal head to prevent large perineal tear and head / facial trauma to the newborn 4 Nose/mouth suctioning meconium? 4 Palpate neck for nuchal cord 4-6 Gentle traction avoid brachial plexus injuries (No jerky or forceful moves) . Delivery Steps 6-7 “Slippery infant” 9-11 Double clamp umbilical chord and cut 12 Wrap/dry/gentle stimulation 12 Determine APGAR at 1 / 5 min. 12 Initiate neonatal resuscitation if a cyanotic / apneic child is delivered with no response to stimulation. . APGAR Sign 0 points 1 point 2 points A Activity Absent P Pulse Absent G Grimace No response Arms and legs flexed Below 100beats/min Grimace A Appearance Blue-gray. pale all over Active movement Above 100 beats/min Sneeze. Irregular Good.cough. crying . pulls away Normal over entire body R Respiration Absent Normal except for extremities Slow. Cutting The Umbilical Cord . Delivery of Placenta Occurs in 15-20m after infant is delivered Allow spontaneous separation with gentle traction. Aggressive traction on the cord can lead to: Uterine inversion Cord Tearing Placenta disruption severe vaginal bleed . Delivery of Placenta Massage uterus after delivery of placenta (promote contraction) Oxytocin maintain uterine contraction (10–20u IV in 1 L NS at 250mL/h or 10u IM) Uterine atony excessive vaginal bleed Oxytocin. Methylergonovine or carboprost tromethamine Delay episiotomy or laceration repair for OBGYN to perform. . Cord Prolapse In Cord Prolapse: Bimanual reveals palpable pulsating cord Elevate fetal part reduce cord compression Examiners hand should Remain in Vagina Transport Surgery C-sec is indicated.Complications of Delivery: 1. Do not attempt to reduce prolapsed cord . • selalu dampingi pasien • pasien diminta untuk menghembuskan nafas tiap kontraksi untuk mengalihkan keinginan untuk mengejan • jangan mencegah kelahiran bayi bila pembukaan sudah lengkap • upayakan lingkungan yang steril/aseptik • episiotomi bila diperlukan . Assess Patient for an Impending Precipitous Delivery Situation. PRECIPITATE BIRTH (1) Patient has previous obstetric history of rapid labor/delivery. (5) Sudden crowning of the presenting part. .3-5. (3) Increase in bloody show. (4) Sudden bulging of the perineum. NURSING CARE TO PREPARE FOR ANTICIPATED a. (2) Patient complains of a sudden. intense urge to push. Call for Help. NURSING CARE TO PREPARE FOR ANTICIPATED b. PRECIPITATE BIRTH Do not leave the patient unattended. .3-5. 3-5. NURSING CARE TO PREPARE FOR Obstetric ANTICIPATED c. Obtain a Sterile or Precipitate Delivery Pack. if Available. PRECIPITATE BIRTH (1) Gloves .sterile gloves are preferred as they help promote asepsis. (5) Scissors-to cut the episiotomy/cord. (2) Towel/cloth (3) Bulb syringe (4) Hemostats or cord clamps-to clamp the umbilical cord. (6) Dry blanket/towel-to wrap the infant after delivery . (3) A sharp instrument such as scissors. Provide the Cleanest Environment if Possible PRECIPITATE BIRTH (1) Paper. blanket. (2) Ligating material such as string. NURSING CARE TO PREPARE FOR ANTICIPATED d. towel. yarn. a knife. or a razor to cut the cord. .3-5. (4) A dry cloth to wrap infant after delivery. or coat to place under the patient's buttocks. or shoelaces to tie the cord. NURSING CARE TO e. PRECIPITATE BIRTH ® (1) Pour Betadine over the patient's perineum if time does not permit for perineal prep. if possible. . (2) Wash your hands and glove. Provide for Asepsis to the Greatest PREPARE FOR ANTICIPATED Extent Possible.3-5. PRECIPITATE (1) Keep the patientBIRTH informed of plans for delivery. (3) Encourage the patient to pant or blow through contractions to slow the delivery process and to decrease the force of expulsion.3-5. NURSING CARE TO PREPARE FOR ANTICIPATED f. significant other).. Support the Patient. (2) Speak in a calm tone and provide direction to available assistants (e. (4) Provide for privacy. but do not leave the patient alone .g. Check for Presence of an Intact Amniotic Sac. . (1) If the membranes do not break spontaneously. NURSING CARE FOR MANAGEMENT OF PRECIPITATE DELIVERY a.3-6. (2) Caution must be taken to prevent the membranes from covering the infant's mouth as the first breath is taken. they should be ruptured just prior to or with the delivery of the head. otherwise aspiration of amniotic fluid can occur. (3) Increase the pressure of the dominant hand in a downward motion against the perineum as the fetal head extends.3-6. (2) Apply support to the fetal head with your nondominant hand. (1) Apply support to the perineum with your dominant hand (usually right hand) using a towel or cloth. NURSING CARE FOR MANAGEMENT OF PRECIPITATE DELIVERY Support the Perineum and Infant's Head.. ( digeser ke bawah) . Never attempt to delay delivery by applying pressure on the fetal head. . NURSING CARE FOR MANAGEMENT OF PRECIPITATE DELIVERY Support the Perineum and Infant's Head (4) Provide mild downward pressure with the nondominant hand against the fetal head as the fetal head extends. ( cegah extensi) (5). This will result in a slow.3-6. controlled extension of the fetal head. (6) Combine efforts of the right and left hand. Coach the Patient to Pant/Blow. Assist With the Actual Delivery of the Head.3-6. NURSING CARE FOR MANAGEMENT OF PRECIPITATE DELIVERY c. . d. NURSING CARE FOR MANAGEMENT OF PRECIPITATE e. g. Or wiped by clean towel. Check for a Nuchal Umbilical Cord. Allow the infant to spontaneously accomplish external rotation. Allow Rotation. Bulb Suction Amniotic Fluid from the DELIVERY Infant's Mouth. f.3-6. . Allow Infant to Complete External Rotation. (2) Support the infant's head and neck. NURSING CARE FOR MANAGEMENT OF PRECIPITATE DELIVERY h. J. Coach the Patient to Push and to Pant/Blow. Assist With Delivery of the Posterior Shoulder . i.3-6. (1) The nurse applies gentle downward pressure on the head until the anterior shoulder delivers from under the pubic arch and becomes visible. Assist with Delivery Active management of 3 phase PRECIPITATE DELIVERY rd Fundal massage Oxytocin injection Cord traction . .3-6. NURSING CARE FOR MANAGEMENT OFof the Placenta. NURSING CARE AFTER A PRECIPITATE DELIVERY a. Provide a clean surface under the patient's buttocks.3-7. c. Check uterine fundus every 10 to 15 minutes during the first hour to assure contraction of myometrium and normal lochial flow. b. (2) Avoid overstimulation as myometrium will fatigue and result in severe atony. . (1) Gently massage the uterus if the fundus is soft or boggy. Assist the mother into a comfortable position with her legs extended.