P6 Science Mass Lecture SeriesPart 1 PSLE Science Syllabus P3-P6 Energy Interactions Systems Cycles Diversity THEME- ENERGY Energy Forms and Uses (Light) Lower Block – P4 TOPIC •Formation of shadow • transparency of materials • object is a source of light or reflects light •Good and bad conductors of heat • effects of heat gain and heat loss • heat flow • thermometers • heat and temperature • common sources of heat Energy Forms and Uses (Heat) Lower Block – P4 THEME - ENERGY TOPICS Energy •Conversion of energy Conversions •Examples of forms of energy Upper Block – P6 •Sun as the main source of energy Energy Forms and Uses (Photosynthesis) Upper Block – P6 •Requirements for photosynthesis •Food for plants and animals •Sun as primary source of energy •Living things need energy gravitational force. frictional force •Push or pull . elastic spring force.THEME INTERACTIONS Interactions of forces (magnets) Lower Block – P4 Interactions of forces Upper Block – P6 TOPICS •Uses of magnets •Magnet making •Characteristics of magnets •Effects of forces •Examples of types of forces – magnetic force. population. community •Energy pathway in food chains or food webs •Factors affecting organisms’ survival .THEME INTERACTIONS Interactions within the Environment Upper Block – P6 TOPIC •Examples of man’s impact on the environment •Structural and behavioural adaptations •Habitats support different communities •Differentiating organism. water and oxygen in plants and animals •Organs and functions of human respiratory and circulatory systems •Air is a mixture of gases .THEME SYSTEMS TOPIC Human System (Digestive) Lower Block – P4 Plant System (Plant Parts and Functions) Lower Block – P4 Plant and Human Systems – Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Upper Block – P5 •Functions of digestive system •Organ systems in humans •Plant parts and functions •Organism is a system •Integration of systems in carrying out life processes •Transport of nutrients. THEME SYSTEMS Cell System Upper Block – P5 TOPIC •Cell parts and functions •Plant and animal cells •Unit of Life •Conservation of electrical energy •Use and handling of electricity •Relating electrical conductors and heat conductors •Electrical conductors and nonconductors •Components of circuits. closed circuit. electrical circuits Electrical System Upper Block – P5 . CYCLES TOPIC Cycles in Matter •States of matter and Water (Matter) •Matter has mass and occupies Lower Block – P3 space Cycles in Plants and Animals (Life Cycles) Lower Block – P3 •Life cycles of plants and animals •Different organisms have different life cycles .THEME . CYCLES Cycles in Plants and Animals (Reproduction) Upper Block – P5 TOPIC •Similarity in fertilisation in flowering plants and animals •Processes in sexual reproduction of flowering plants •Plant reproduction by spores and seeds Cycles in Matter •Water conservation and Water (Water) •Water pollution Upper Block – P5 •Importance of water cycle •Water cycle •Melting and boiling points of water •Effect of heat gain and loss on states of water •Water exists in 3 states .THEME . THEME DIVERSITY Diversity of Materials Lower Block – P3 Diversity of Living and Non-living things Lower Block – P3 TOPIC •Relating properties to uses •Material comparison •There is a great variety of materials •Characteristics and needs of living things . PSLE Paper Format . P6 MAINSTREAM Format Section Type of question Weighting A Multiple choice 30 Questions Open-ended 14 Questions Total: 60% B 40% 100% Duration of Exam : 1 hr 45 mins . Related Concepts Matter Heat water changes state Processes in Water Cycle as in ice can melt can be can be solid liquid can be as in gas to become water can condense as in steam to become freeze can can to become evaporate to become Water vapour . MCQ Strategies . MCQ Requires working! • • • • Highlighting key words Identifying concepts Jotting down or drawing what you know Eliminating options . plant +. Based on the information given above. Z- . zR-. C: a decrease in the number of R. D: a decrease in the number of plants. Food chain 1: Plant P Q Food chain 2: Plant Z R It was observed that the population of Organism Z was increasing steadily over 3 years.The food chains below show the food relationships among some organisms that are found in the same field. Plant -. P-. what is/ are the likely cause(s) for the increased number of Organism Z? A: an increase in the number of Q. (1) C only (2) A and B only (3) A and C only (4) C and D only Q +. B: an increase in the number of P. Z+ Plant -. Z + P+. Predator Prey Predator Prey Predator . . . . . OPEN-ENDED QUESTION STRATEGIES . Areas for improvement: • Use scientific key words or phrases in answers to demonstrate understanding of scientific concepts Apply concepts to explain events or happenings in new situations. . (a) In which kettle. (1m) . A or B.In an experiment. The plates were heated from below. Johan placed two identical kettles on two metal plates of the same material with different surfaces. The kettles contained the same amount of water at room temperature. would the water boil first? Give a reason for your answer. give two reasons why this lizard can move over a longer distance on hot sand compared to the snake in a desert. Based on this observation. snakes crawl on the hot sand while lizards run using two of its four legs. .(a) The water in Kettle A would boil first. (b) In a desert. This is because of the larger surface area of contact between the kettle and the metal plate. .Reason 1: The snake has a larger surface area of contact with the hot sand while the lizard has a smaller surface area of contact with the hot sand. The difference arises because of the way they move. Reason 2: There is more friction between the snake and the sand as compared to the friction between the lizard and the sand. . Step 3: Study the diagram/ data (if any) and use the key words/ concepts from the topic (s) to answer the question.Useful steps to follow: Step 1: Identify what the question wants – clues from the question stem/ diagram Step 2: Identify the science topic and concept. Step 4: Frame an answer that links the key words/ concepts to a logical reason and answer within the context. How would you advise her to remove it? Use hot water? Use cold water? .Mrs Lee finds it difficult to remove a ring from her finger. magnetic force. . • Examples of different types of forces: . gravitational force. • Objects have weight because of the gravitational force between them and Earth. There are ways to reduce friction. frictional force • Friction is affected by contact surface textures.• A force is a push or a pull. • A force can change the motion (speed & direction) and the shape of an object. √ It is slippery and makes it easier to take out the ring? .Mrs Lee finds it difficult to remove a ring from her finger. Use soapy water. How would you advise her to remove it? Give a reason for the method used. √ If soapy water is not used. Soapy water helps to reduce the friction between the ring and skin. there will be a lot of friction between the ring and the skin.Mrs Lee finds it difficult to remove a ring from her finger. How would you advise her to remove it? Give a reason for the method used. X . How do swimming caps help competitive swimmers swim faster? Smooth and so help the swimmers swim faster? The cap reduces the friction (water resistance) between the hair and water.√ . Why is it not advisable to walk on a wet pavement in rubber slippers? It is too slippery? Water reduces friction between the soles of the slippers and pavement so the person may slip and fall easily.√ . Your turn to try! . (a) What would you do to remove a cap that is screwed onto a bottle tightly? Use a thick piece of cloth to twist the cap. (b) Explain your answer. This will increase the friction between the cap and hand to give a better grip to twist the cap. . What is the outer body covering of the animal shown in the diagram below? Fur How does the thick fur keep the animal from the cold? . • Heat flows from a hotter to a colder place until both reach the same temperature. objects expand/ contract •Metals are good conductors of heat. . changes in state of matter. Wood. plastic and air are examples of bad conductors of heat. • Examples of heat gain/ loss in our everyday life – change in temperature. • Temperature is a measurement of the degree of hotness of an object.• Heat is a form of energy. Fur traps more air and air is a poor conductor of heat so heat loss from the body is reduced. . How does winter clothing keep a person warm in the cold? . .Winter clothing is made of wool and wool can trap more air which is a poor conductor of heat to reduce heat loss from the body. Some birds fluff up their feathers on cold days. How does this help them to keep warm? . More air is trapped when the feathers are fluffed up as air is a poor conductor of heat and thus heat loss from the body is reduced . Your turn to try! . Air is a poor conductor of heat so heat gained by the ice from the surroundings is reduced. (b) Explain your answer. .Ice blocks used to be covered with thick cloth when transported from place to place. (a) What is the purpose of this? Melting of ice will be slower. The thick cloth traps a lot of air spaces. .THANK YOU.