Outlook for Off-Road Diesel Quality, Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Efficiency
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January 05, 2017Outlook for Off-Road Diesel Quality, Vehicle Emissions and Fuel Efficiency Stratas Advisors This excerpt, which focuses on sulfur, is from a report that is available to members of Stratas Advisors’ Global Fuel Specifications. Several countries currently use a single grade for on-road diesel and off-road diesel to avoid adulteration and distribution issues. However, other countries have separate specifications in place for off-road diesel grades in the regions of Africa, Asia Pacific, Europe and Latin America, which typically set higher sulfur limits. The map below shows that sulfur limits worldwide vary widely from 10 ppm to 30,000 ppm. Some countries have more than one diesel grade, with a number of countries having up to three grades. Excluding heating oil, it is generally observed that demand for higher sulfur off-road diesel grades in these countries (ranging from 3,000 ppm to 30,000 ppm) has declined over the years and currently accounts for a very small share (less than 1%) of the total diesel fuel pool. Therefore, Stratas Advisors observes that off- road diesel grades are slowly being phased out as demand decreases. This is mainly because of efforts to reduce sulfur content in both on-road and off-road diesel specifications. In the past, both the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) and the European Commission (EC) examined whether harmonized standards or legislation should be introduced in the EU and whether it should cover fuel parameters other than sulfur. In particular, CEN was investigating this possibility with regard to heating fuels. Its conclusion was that a large number of different heating appliances in the MS, differences in construction equipment as well as the different purposes of the gas oils (including heating oil) make it difficult to set up harmonized specifications. Some countries regulate other fuel parameters in addition to sulfur in their national legislation (e.g. Spain, Portugal) or in their fuel quality standards (e.g. Germany, U.K.), where their sulfur limits are more stringent than the EU-wide sulfur limit of 1,000 ppm for gasoils. The table below shows that in January 2016, Belgium reduced its maximum heating oil sulfur limit from 1,000 ppm to 50 ppm and Vietnam phased out its industrial diesel grade with sulfur limit of 2,500 ppm. The table below further shows expected changes to sulfur in off-road diesel specifications, where four countries of China, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia and Tajikistan have plans to further reduce the sulfur limits of their off-road diesel grades in the next few years. However, Stratas Advisors expects that it is unlikely for China and Saudi Arabia to meet their implementation deadlines on-time due to delays in refinery upgrades. For Saudi Arabia, Stratas Advisors expects its plans to be pushed back from 2016 to 2019-2020, in line with its plans to reduce its on-road diesel sulfur limit to 10 ppm max. Outlook in Sulfur Changes for Separate Off-Road Diesel Specifications (in ppm) Notes: Dark red – implemented. Red – confirmed. Brown – proposed. (1) Heating oil only. (2) Industry limit only. To be implemented in line with reduction of on-road diesel sulfur limit to 10 ppm max. Source: Stratas Advisors, November 2016 You May Also Like... Regional Focus Short-Term Price Outlook Global Natural Gas © 2018 Stratas Advisors. 1616 South Voss Road Suite 675 | Houston, TX 77057 | United States | +1.713.260.6423 | stratasadvisors.com
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