How to Contain the Zombies andCombat an Outbreak By: The Zombie Busters (Morgan Gray, Megan Carpenter, Maegan Sours, Quinn Noonan) The Problem An outbreak has occurred at Monarch University in Louisville, Colorado. Several students seem to have "zombie-like" symptoms and four have died as a result. Several exposed students are on the prowl. The University President, Mrs. Doodles Donley, has called the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and Homeland Security to send in teams to investigate the outbreak and contain it. The Problem So far, the students don't realize they are sick. They think they are normal and possibly have been exposed to something in the college bowling alley ice cream that has made them into "super soldiers," so it is hard to get them to come in to be quarantined. They do say that everyone else is "acting strange" and moving and talking really, really fast. How to Contain the Zombies and Combat an Outbreak Background Information Bacteria 101 ● Shape: ○ Bacteria can be found in five different shapes that signify what type of bacteria it is. RodShaped (Baccilus), Spherical (coccus), Curved (Bibrio, spirochaete), Square-shaped (Arcula) and Star-shaped (Stella). ● Arrangement: ○ Bacteria is also arranged in either a pair (escherichia), chain (streptococcus) or a cluster (staphylococcus). Bacteria 101 Basic Makeup of a Bacterium: Bacteria contains a cell wall to protect cells against osmotic shock, a membrane to regulate transportation in and out of the cells. A chromosome is the genome while the Plasmid contains genetic information like resistances to antibiotics and tolerance of toxins. Ribosomes take part in protein synthesis. Flagella helps the cells move. Body is the storage of cells. Pili is how the bacteria mate. Endospore is heat resistant and helps the bacteria survive. ( http://www.fastbleep.com/biology-notes/35/112/654) Growing bacteria is as easy as it sounds. You simply need a product and if you keep it in a incubator, soon enough bacteria will grow. Bacteria 101 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8V2VpeJdJDc How to Contain the Zombies and Combat an Outbreak Purpose/ Methods Abstract We are testing the effectiveness of different natural antibiotics to disperse the E.Coli bacteria/virus that is making the people zombified. Our antibiotics are coconut oil, tea tree oil, clove, cinnamon, oregano, and honey. We tested all of these with the hope that a couple would be able to serve as an antibiotic for the virus. This is important because we need to know what natural “resources” we can use in order to control the Zombie Apocalypse. The Zombie Apocalypse is getting out of hand and if we don’t test these natural antibiotics, then it may be too late to control the zombies. Methods- Materials Sterile loop ● E.Coli bacteria ● 2 Agar dishes ● Parafilm ● Paper cutouts for soaking the natural antibiotic in ● ½ teaspoon of tea tree oil, clove, cinnamon, oregano, honey, coconut oil ● Sanitation supplies (wipes and cleaning spray) Methods- Procedure 1. Obtain an agar disk that has either E.coli or yogurt bacteria on it 2. Create solutions with 3 pipettes of distilled water and 2 parts natural antibiotic 3. Soak 5 different paper disks in various solutions for at least 10 minutes 4. Remove the paper disk from its solution and place on agar dish a. Do not let the paper disk drip onto the agar plate 5. Place the plate in the incubator and let the bacteria grow for at least 24 hours 6. Remove the plate from the incubator and observe and record the field on inhibition Methods- Procedure (How to plate bacteria) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ukdb5VjntSM How to Contain the Zombies and Combat an Outbreak Results Conclusion- Results ● What happened? ○ In our experiment to try and find a cure, we unfortunately concluded no natural antibiotics that work, but our scientists are hard at work to find a cure. Conclusion- Results (Data Table) Conclusion- Results ● Plate 1: Coconut oil—this area on the plate shows a very large expansion of the bacteria around the whole paper because the coconut did not work at all. If anything it grew more of the bacteria, almost as much as the control group. ● Plate 2: Clove—the clove was the only natural antibiotic we tested that had any significant change to the growing bacteria. There was about a 1mm inhibition size, which was remotely small comparatively to another stronger antibiotic that we could’ve used. ● Plate 3: Tea Tree—this area on the plate didn’t grow as many bacteria around the paper sample, but it didn’t make the bacteria disperse either. There weren’t too many bacteria only a thin layer, about half of the control group. Conclusion- Results ● Plate 4: Oregano—there was a thick area of bacteria around the paper sample for oregano. It was also tinted orange, which may say that it was contaminated. Nonetheless bacteria grew and were not dispersed. ● Plate 5: Cinnamon—many bacteria grew in this area, closely related to the control group of no natural antibiotic. The paper for this antibiotic had large coverage of the bacteria. ● Plate 6: Honey—large bacterium can be seen around the honey which concludes it did not work very well. This specific area is worse than the control on the same plate with a thick white layer of bacteria around the paper sample. Conclusion- Results (Observed) Conclusion- Results (Observed) ● Unfortunately the only natural antibiotic that worked was clove. It still have a very small zone of inhibition (about 1mm), which could have been due to improper plating ● If we were to repeat this experiment we would have soaked the paper disks in more concentrated solutions. Methods- Results (Predicted) This picture shows clear zones of inhibition, unlike our results. These results show that the antibiotics used in this test killed the surrounding bacteria. In our test we hoped that the natural antibiotics would have killed the E. Coli bacteria. Methods- Results E.Coli is gram positive according to our results. The gram positive bacteria means that it has a thick cell wall. How to Contain the Zombies and Combat an Outbreak Conclusion Conclusion- Results ● Margin of error ○ Our margin for error could have been prevented through using more precautions when we plated our bacteria and when we would open and close the plates. ○ When finding a cure for the antibiotics, we could have used a more concentrated solution of the disks on the plate so that they were more efficient and effective at killing and stopping the disease from spreading. Conclusion- Results ● What’s next? ○ In our future research, we are going to keep trying to find as cure as that is the most important step for containing the outbreak at Monarch University. ○ We are going to develop a vaccination that can combat against the disease and prevent it from happening in the future. With further research we want to develop antibodies that will be injected into the bloodstream so that the disease can subside more quickly. How to Contain the Zombies and Combat an Outbreak Zombie Apocalypse Containment Zombie Apocalypse Containment How is this disease Spread? Students fell sick after eating the ice cream at the bowling alley, so it might be due to food contamination. Food-borne illness information It is not known if the disease has the capability to evolve other modes of infection, so it is important to take all precautionary measure to ensure public safety. Zombie Apocalypse Containment What are the symptoms? Hard to tell if you are sick, but if you feel like you have gained superpowers or if other around you start to act strange and talk fast, you must go find a doctor as soon as possible Trust family members and close friends, if they believe that you are sick take a precautionary measure and go to the doctor to be evaluated. Zombie Apocalypse Containment How to quarantine: The CDC defines two steps in order to reduce the spread of disease “Isolation separates sick people with a contagious disease from people who are not sick. Quarantine separates and restricts the movement of people who were exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick.” The general public should avoid the bowling alley ice cream, until researchers have a chance to thoroughly investigate the source. Avoid contact with those who may have been infected and if you experience symptoms, admit yourself to a hospital and avoid contact with others Zombie Apocalypse Containment CDC Controlling outbreaks How to Contain the Zombies and Combat an Outbreak Bibliography Bibliography Bacteria Lab. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2015, from http://www.biologycorner.com/worksheets/bacteria_lab.html Recent Outbreaks and Incidents. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2015, from http://emergency.cdc.gov/recentincidents/ Aseptic Laboratory Techniques: Plating Methods | Protocol. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2015, from http://www.jove.com/video/3064/aseptic-laboratory-techniques-plating-methods MicrobeWorld. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2015, from http://www.microbeworld.org/types-of-microbes/bacteria Global Public Health Threats. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2015, from http://www.greenfacts.org/en/global-public-health-threats/l-2/2-infectious-disease-outbreaks.htm Infectious diseases. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/infectious-diseases/basics/causes/con-20033534 Bacteria. (n.d.). Retrieved October 24, 2015, from http://www.microbiologyonline.org.uk/about-microbiology/introducing-microbes/bacteria Photo Credits http://www.aliexpress.com/store/product/ZOMBIE-OUTBREAK-RESPONSE-TEAM-BIOHAZARD-SYMBOL-VINYL-DECAL-CAR-WINDOW-STICKE R/126209_1957583335.html http://www.amazon.com/LAMINATED-Zombie-Research-Facility-Poster/dp/B00A809X6Y http://darthbyron.deviantart.com/art/Biohazard-Zombie-zone-175844488 https://www.rt.com/uk/200827-biohazard-suits-ebola-sold/ http://www.bvsd.org/high/monarch/pages/monarch.aspx https://www.pinterest.com/explore/plants-vs-zombies/ http://www.polyvore.com/neon_green_ice-cream_edited_peace_love_pink/thing?id=13356947 http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/business-plans/Business-Plans-Volume-07/Bowling-Alley.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_lawn http://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Supplier-of-Clove-from-India_167390917.html http://blog.heartland.org/2014/01/antibiotic-surprise/ http://myphonehelpdesk.com/Support-for-Microsoft-Windows/windows-7-update-problems/how-to-fix-windows-7-update-error-0x80070002/ https://www.pinterest.com/pin/385480049327405865/ http://homegardenvibes.com/15-everyday-home-coconut-oil-uses-that-youll-love/ http://spareviewmag.com/improve-your-health-with-tea-tree-essential-oil/ http://www.thesleuthjournal.com/an-herb-for-thought-oregano/ http://authoritynutrition.com/10-proven-benefits-of-cinnamon/ http://fairtradeusa.org/products-partners/honey https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Agar_Plate.jpg http://www.mybiolumix.com/rapid-microbiological-testing-of-e-coli-with-the-biolumix-vial/ http://biofluidfocus.com/products-page/celltreat-10µl-inoculating-loop-sterile