OTR TYRESTYRE TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION: Tyre terminology Rim / wheel information Safety instructions Goodyear Luxembourg Tires S.A. Av. Gordon Smith L-7750 Colmar-Berg Telephone (352) 8199-1 Telefax (352) 8199 2181 http://otr.goodyear.com Produced by Goodyear Europe 114/0206/LUX-ENG low angle. Multiple. textile or synthetic reinforcements. NOTE: Whilst every care has been taken in the production of this publication. The major components Apex Tubeless Bead Bundle Chafer TYRE TERMINOLOGY Tread – Belt package – Provides primarily traction and wear and protects the carcass underneath. Sidewall – Provides protection for the ply and withstands flexing and weathering.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG. Innerliner – A layer of rubber in tubeless tyres specially compounded to prevent loss of air. (called Unisteel) are described below. stabilise the tread and prevent penetrations into carcass.qxp 22/3/06 3:34 pm Page 3 TYRE TECHNOLOGY TYRE TERMINOLOGY CONTENTS Tread Tyre Construction 1 Rims and Wheels Tyre Terminology 2 Valves 11 Tyre Marking 3 Liquid Ballasting 15 Selecting the Right Tyre 7 Safety Instructions 17 Belt package Sidewall 9 Ply TYRE CONSTRUCTION Innerliner The commercially available Earthmover tyre is a composite of the Goodyear radial ply. made up from rubber compounds and steel. Ply – The radial (90º) ply transmits all load. Chafer – A layer of hard rubber that resists erosion of the bead zone by the rim flange. braking and steering forces between the wheel and the road and withstands the burst loads of the tyre under operating pressure. 1 2 . steel cord layers provide strength to the tyre. steel carcass and belt tyre product. no responsibility can be accepted for any loss or damage arising out of undetected errors or mis-printing which may have occurred. Apex – Rubber filler in the bead and lower sidewall area to provide progressive transition from the stiff bead area into the flexible sidewall. Bead bundle – The steel bead bundle properly seats and seals the tyre on the rim and maintains it in position. which indicates operating limits of loads and speeds and 2 – Aspect ratio S.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG.H.00 and 15.00 7.75 5. These tyres have extra tread depth (1.g.00 All Goodyear Earthmover tyres are identified by a simple Special compounds and constructions are available for tyre three-part name. speed – single tyre) 152 = 3550 Kgs at B = 50 km/h 9 – Compound/construction code INDUSTRY CODE REFERENCE A number following the dash (-) in the tyre name indicates In addition.25 9. construction = TYPE 6S). First. a series of two initials identifies sizes 14. 4 – Rim diameter (inches) Compound/construction codes 2S 4S 6S 6U Heat Resistant/Standard construction Abrasion Resistant/Standard construction Ultra Abrasion Resistant/Standard construction Ultra Abrasion Resistant/Heavy Undertread 5 – Tubeless This means that the tyre may be used with the following 6 – Goodyear tyre name maximum load/speed combination: 7 – Star marking 169 = 5800 Kgs at A2 = 10 km/h or 8 – Load Index-Speed Symbol (Max load per tyre at max.00 3. RT. With each size 9 18.75 7./S.. Thus: identified with a plus (+) sign (i. (following a dash (-) a number which customized compound/construction code marked on the tyre corresponds to the NUMERIC portion of the Industry Code. includes “load indices” for single tyre fitment and “speed 3 – Radial construction (R=Radial) symbols” which relate to these indices (e. This consists of a code 1 – Tyre section width ( mm or inches) family name to identify their steel carcass construction.qxp 22/3/06 3:34 pm Page 5 TYRE TECHNOLOGY TYRE MARKING SYMBOL MARKING FOR RADIAL PLY TYRES THE GOODYEAR TYRE NAMING SYSTEM Radial earthmover tyres use a simplified symbol (star) marking system as an indication of minimum recommended inflation Symbol Narrow Base Sizes for a particular tyre load carrying capacity.e. Wide Base Sizes Inflation 50 km/h 10 km/h Bar Bar ᒂ ᒂᒂ ᒂᒂᒂ ᒂ ᒂᒂ ᒂᒂᒂ 4. Ultra Abrasion Resistant tread/Standard Finally.5 x standard) Standard wear/abrasion resistance over standard tyres. RL-2+). Next.5 and larger. 8 3 SIZE DEFINITIONS (EXAMPLES) 2 5 Listed here are examples of some of the popular size is an explanation of what each component of the size describes: designations for earthmover tyres.25 x standard) to provide increased 7 6 4 Number Tread Type Tread Depth 1 2 3 4 5 7 Rib Rib Rock Rock Rock Flotation Standard Standard Standard Deep (1.g. some Goodyear radial earthmover tyres are the TRA Industry Code tread type and depth.5 R 25 Section width in mm R-radial Rim diameter in inches Wide Base R-radial Millimetric 4 .4 J RL 4 J SERVICE DESCRIPTION Tread Type (Other tread types: GP.00 R 25 Section width in inches R-radial Rim diameter in inches Narrow Base 750 /65 R 25 Section width in mm Aspect ratio Rim diameter in inches 505 /95 R 25 Section width in mm Aspect ratio Rim diameter in inches R-radial Low Aspect 1 3 23.W. Example : Earthmover (cyclic) applications.25 – 5.00 6.5 x standard) Extra Deep (2. sidewall (e. These tyres have an additional a tread type. 169A2/152B).50 10. Example: RL . a letter identifies the tread design series. SG) Industry Code number Design Series In addition these tyres are marked with a “Service Description” The position of the major tyre markings are as shown: All Goodyear radial earthmover tyres carry the UNISTEEL located near to the tyre size marking.50 5.50 8. 250 201 14. established by ETRTO.000 denotes 176 the maximum 7.000 3.300 209 18.000 166 5.000 244 50.000 222 183 8.500 271 35.000 103.500 216 at the 22. interpolations are permitted.500 213 20.500 249 58. 276 as indicated256 by the speed 41.500 227 188 10.600 233 194 11.750 263 28.000 220 181 8.300 4.600 210 19.000 226 187 9.250 169 5. Consult rim and wheel manufacturers for confirmation of the strength of rim/wheel for the intended service.500 251 61.500 252 63.500 3.800 3.750 203 15.650 162 4.000 204 16.000 278 43. Highway Use Maximum Operating Speed (3) (km/h) 30 40 50 60 70 (Reference Speed) 80 90 100 Load Capacity Variation (%) +30 +24 +18 +12 0 -18 -30 -40 Note: For all load capacity variation calculations loads are to be rounded off as follows: Upto 4999kg.000 208 18.200 234 195 12. 5000 to 9999kg. straddle carriers.000 106.875 175 6.875 2.900 4.500 262 27.000 132.000 232 193 11.450 3.250 243 48.000 97.500 223 184 9.600 238 199 13. Static 1 5 +60 +30 +13 +80 +60 +45 10 Loading Reference Speed (Symbol A2) 0 +35 15 20 25 >25 -7 -12 -15 * +30 +27 +25 * * Consult your local Goodyear representative.500 225 186 9.800 235 196 a given 12.500 85. 5 6 .725 163 4. specified loads for LOADING service may be increased up to 60% with no increase in inflation pressure.850 217 23. HIGHWAY USE The variation in load carrying capacity with speed of earthmoving equipment tyres for use on the HIGHWAY LOAD CAPACITY VARIATIONS (%) AS A FUNCTION OF SPEED at speeds other than the reference speed of 70 km/h EARTHMOVING APPLICATIONS The variation in load carrying capacity with speed of earthmoving equipment tyres in relatively short haul offthe-road conditions is determined by applying the percentages shown for EARTHMOVING APPLICATIONS to the tyre load capacities specified for TRANSPORT (reference speed 50 km/h) at the corresponding inflation pressure.000 277 42.700 3.000 125.000 71.750 207 17.200 218 23.150 3.000 112.000 87.000 246 53.300 3.650 173 6.800 214 21.500 2.qxp 22/3/06 3:34 pm Page 7 TYRE TECHNOLOGY LOAD INDEX AND SPEED SYMBOL These parameters. mobile crushers.000 121.500 160 4.300 3.000 275 40.000 266 30.500 229 190 10. (1) To obtain the maximum permissible loads on fork-lift truck STEERING WHEELS.2.625 2.500 90.000 237 198 13.000 115. are the two most important service factors determining tyre performance.150 168 5.500 231 192 11.000 82.125 177 7.000 92.000 272 36. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS The variation in load carrying capacity with speed LOAD INDEX LI Kg 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 The LOAD 157 158 159 of earthmoving equipment tyres on Industrial vehicles used LI Kg 2.000 260 25. (2) Inflation pressures as in the ‘Loading’ (10 km/h) tables x 1.500 95.500 248 56.100 INDEX 4.500 258 75. SPEED SYMBOL Speed Symbol A1 A2 A3 A4 Speed (km/h) 5 10 15 20 Speed Symbol A5 A6 A7 A8 Speed (km/h) 25 30 35 40 Speed Symbol B C D E Speed (km/h) 50 60 65 70 Speed Symbol F G Speed (km/h) 80 90 The SPEED SYMBOL denotes the maximum speed at which a given tyre can carry the load indicated by the load index.000 273 37.000 230 191 10.900 211 19.500 279 Kg 80.000 2. In the case of special equipment with a high centre of gravity.750 174 6.500 267 31.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG.450 171 6.000 269 33.250 178 7. please contact your local Goodyear representative.500 254 67.500 202 15.150 215 21.250 205 16.750 255 69. (Speed Symbol E) is determined by applying the percentages Earthmoving Applications Maximum Operating Speed (km/h) Load Capacity Variation (%) <16 16 20 25 30 35 40 45 * +12 +10 +8 +6 +4 +3 +2 50 Transport Reference Speed (Symbol B) 0 55 60 65 >65 Radial -2 -6 -12 * in the table below without any change in inflation pressure.250 257 73. log stackers etc. aircraft tow tractors. multiply the above loads by 0. * Consult your local Goodyear representative.500 4.000 270 34.000 128.375 179 7.500 250 60. The LOAD INDEX denotes the maximum load a given tyre can carry at the maximum speed as indicated by the speed symbol.000 118.500 206 17.750 247 54.000 228 189 10.000 274 38.750 259 77. 10000kg and above.000 109. to the nearest 25kg to the nearest 50kg to the nearest 100kg For stationary service conditions.300 239 LI Kg LI 25.600 219 24.500 221 182 8.800 164 5.000 245 51.250 261 26.750 241 46. container handlers.550 172 6.000 200 14.750 2.600 3.000 264 29.500 242 47.000 224 185 9. (3) For speeds >1 km/h (creep).350 170 6.500 265 30.750 LI Kg LI Kg LI Kg 180 8.075 167 5.000 symbol.500 100.500 253 65.000 240 45.200 212 20.500 136. INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS comprise vehicles such as counterbalanced fork-lift trucks.000 Industrial Applications Maximum Operating Speed (3) (km/h) Load Capacity Variation (%) in a work cycle to pick-up and relocate materials is determined Off-theRoad by applying the percentage shown for INDUSTRIAL Hard Improved Surfaces (1) (2) APPLICATIONS to the tyre load capacities specified for LOADING (reference speed 10 km/h) at the corresponding inflation pressure.000 268 32.8.150 3.575 161 4.900 165 5.400 236speed load tyre can carry maximum 197 12. Max.25 km/h 8.25 km/h = 315 TKPH – When tyres are loaded more than 15% above their rated capacity. consult a Goodyear OTR representative. When the haul distance more weight. moves until the shift finishes. Longer hauls and rapid work cycles also are common. – On hauls of more than 600 meters.0 tons) – Number of Hours Worked = 8. the average speed must be based on total mileage covered from “the start of the first shift to the end of the last shift”.0 hours – The shift hauls 15 loads – Each haul is 14 kilometres. consult a Goodyear OTR representative. Max. If these – A type or design with a TKPH rating equal to the job requirement. This type of service involves speeds above 10 km/h. For correct usage of the TKPH formula. calculates the rate of work tyres can perform and stay within where RTD = Round Trip Distance in kilometres a safe temperature range under correct deflected NTS = Number of Trips Per Shift (load/inflation) conditions. Tyre selection can then be based on: Dozer and loader tyres are thicker and stronger than other – A size and ply rating which will not be overloaded. Note: The latest compound type ratings for use in the TKPH/WCF calculations are available from your local Goodyear OTR sales or service department. Note: The latest compound type ratings for use in the TKPH/WCF calculations are available from your local Goodyear OTR sales or service department. For haul lengths in excess of 32 kilometres one way. one of the following corrective actions must be taken SAMPLE WCF CALCULATION: CONCLUSION: to prevent premature tyre failure: Conditions : To avoid heat problems tyres must have a WCF of 184 – reduce speed – Empty vehicle tyre load = 14. Heat will build up faster in these designs. Goodyear dozer and loader tyres are designed for dig The Work Capability Factor (WCF) provides a way to select and load service.75 km/h = 183. the operation is termed “load and carry”.75 = 184 For haul lengths in excess of 600 meters one way. For correct usage of the WCF formula. 8 .qxp 22/3/06 3:34 pm Page 9 TYRE TECHNOLOGY SELECTING THE RIGHT TYRE TON KILOMETRE PER HOUR (TKPH) THE WORK CAPABILITY FACTOR (WCF) Tyres on OTR vehicles generate and build-up heat. Average Tyre Load = 14 Tons + 28 Tons = 42 Tons = 21 Tons FORMULA LIMITATION: Average Shift Speed = 210 Kilometres = 26.000 kilograms (15.25 kilometres). The TKPH The Average Shift Speed is found by: RTD X NTS HW formula (average tyre load multiplied by average tyre speed).0 tons) of 315 or higher.0 Tons x 8. operation hours. round trip Average Tyre Load = 9 Tons + 15 Tons = 24 Tons = 12 Tons 2 2 Average Shift Speed = 14 Kilometres Trip x 15 Trips Shift 8. HW = Number of Hours Worked TKPH Job Rate = Average Tyre Load (metric tons) X * Average Shift Speed (km/h) * Note: Mines using computer dispatch systems must use Average Hourly Speed rather than Average Shift Speed.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG. The formula to determine a machine’s WCF requirement New operational techniques. It is calculated from the time the vehicle first exceeds 15 meters. 2 Tyre load data should be the actual loads. the manufacturer’s specifications can be used.0 metric tons – change to tyres with a higher TKPH rating – Maximum cycles per hour = 35 – re-route the machine (where possible) – Each haul is 250 metres (.75 km/h TKPH Job Rate = 12. 7 If the tyres on the machine are rated less than 184: WCF = 21. Average Speed ( km/h) The TKPH Job Rate must be known for each wheel position. of operation is not a factor. Average Speed = Round Trip ( KM) x Maximum Cycles Per Hour SAMPLE TKPH CALCULATION: CONCLUSION: Conditions: To avoid heat problems tyres must have a TKPH rating – Empty vehicle tyre load = 9. They are normally selected from the tyres that can handle the work under correct deflected TRA 5 mph/10 km/h tables. are not known.25 Kilometres Trip x 35 Cycles = 8. sometimes uses dozers focuses on its front wheels. – reduce load – Loaded vehicle tyre load = 28.000 kilograms (9.0 metric tons or higher. if possible. round trip Note: Each tyre position on the machine must be calculated and considered.0 Hours Worked Per Shift If the tyres on the machine are rated less than 315. Tyre heat build-up in this type (load/inflation) conditions. however. – Loaded vehicle tyre load = 15. These carry substantially The number of hours worked is the actual number of vehicle and loaders as transport machines. Speed = . Position with highest average tyre load should be used. the average speed must be based on total mileage covered “in one hour of continuous operation”. OTR designs. Average Tyre Load = Empty Tyre Load + Loaded Tyre Load Tyre heat build-up is a function of work the tyre is doing.0 Tons x 26. 2 Average Tyre Load must be obtained for tyres on each axle of a vehicle. – reduce load – change to tyres with a higher WCF 2 2 FORMULA LIMITATION: Tests have shown that the WCF formula does not apply: Tests have shown that the TKPH formula does not apply: On hauls of more than 32 kilometres. Avg. Average Tyre Load = Empty Tyre Load + Loaded Tyre Load WCF = Average Tyre Load (metric tons) X Max.0 Hours – reduce speed When tyres are loaded 20% above their capacity. 8 9.000 22. crane applications.260 . There is no apparent damage and Lock Ring 9 A tube too small will be stretched excessively. 3-PIECE SEMI-DROP CENTRE RIMS As a rule we can say that flaps are necessary for any rim which to reduced rub resistance.230 . specific vehicles are fitted with the correct offset wheels. one-piece tubeless drop centre rims is defined as the distance from the wheel centre to the inside b.385 .125 46. 24") rims for tube-type on-and-off-the-road applications. Tyre fitters and mechanics must therefore pay attention that: negative when located inside. Side ring Black Flange Retainer RUBBER SEALING “O” RINGS FOR TUBELESS RIMS Track Width * * * Not in all earthmover rims.000 51.7 A D When mounting or remounting a tyre. Add “A” to part number for Arctic “O” ring (for example: OR335TA).7 12.250 30.125 19. it also influences the dual spacing. there are essentially 4 basic rim types available on the market (basically all 5° taper): Wheel offsets can be positive. has a valve slot as against a valve hole.500 . 25" ETC.you may actually LOSE efficiency. Rim for tubeless EM. The flap is designed to: Preferably fit a new tube and a new flap when mounting Protect the tube from the roughness of the rim a new tyre.8 6. (Mainly 20". 24".plus maintenance time and replacement money. wheels with different offsets are not mixed up on the same axle. multi-piece tube-type flat base rims 20" 21" 25" 20" 24" 25" 29" 33" 35" 39" 49" 51" 51" 57" Basic Rim Type Part No. for construction machines and mobile cranes. 10 . Nominal Rim Dia.. On dual assemblies. The offset a.250 22.250 18. Note: The fitment of tubes to “tubeless” tyres is not recommended. b.6 9. leading Side Ring If the tube has not grown excessively during the first life. To prevent the tube being pushed through the valve slot.6 6. used for the RIGHT job. centreline exactly.6 6. TUBES AND FLAPS 1-PIECE TUBELESS DROP CENTRE (24".385 . and poorer air retention. handling characteristics and wheel bearing load.8 9. Sealing Ring Dia. To prevent the tube being pinched by the component parts TUBES of multi-pieced rims A tube too large will be liable to buckling.125 47. and to early failure.and fail to match the new tyres with the right rims -. d..385 . if.) symmetric and asymmetric rims Only Use Radial Type Tubes and Flaps in Radial Tyres FLAPS (see special marking on tubes or flaps). and EM-wide base tyres as well as narrow base mobile In case of necessity.8 9. Lock Ring Groove O-Ring Groove Valve Hole Gutter Section Centre Section* * * THE SAME THING IS EQUALLY TRUE OF RIMS If you make a tyre change to get MORE efficiency for a certain type of work .125 36.. kingpin Rubber O-Ring offset. A Cross Section (in) D Cross Section ( mm) D JM T T TG TG STN-HTN HTS-HTHM HTHM-RW HTS-HTHM HTS-HTHM HTHM-RW HTS-HTHM HDT HDT OR20JM OR21T OR25T OR220TG OR224TG OR325T OR329T OR333T OR335T OR339T OR349T OR351T OR451T OR457T 19.260 .qxp 22/3/06 3:37 pm Page 11 TYRE TECHNOLOGY RIMS AND WHEELS 5-PIECE TUBELESS RIMS NOMENCLATURE – FIVE PIECE RIM ASSEMBLY (5%) Lock Ring All wheels have a given offset (O) which does not SMALL DRIVER LARGE DRIVER only provide for the necessary brake drum space.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG.and EM-wide base tyres with small driver.Every experienced tyre user knows that the RIGHT tyre. but which also determines track width.625 .385 . For earthmover tyres.. multi-piece tubeless semi-drop centre rims face of the disc (against the hub) and is called positive c. zero when matching the a. multi-piece tubeless flat base rims whenever this inside face is located outside of the centreline.250 23. Bead Seat Band Flange (Gutter Side) O Track Width C L 3-PIECE TUBE-TYPE RIMS Flange (Back Side) Inside Face Positive (Mainly 20".438 26.8 12.8 9.125 32.. “O” rings are further identified with a green band around section circumference close to part number.and EM-wide base tyres with large driver. can make a big difference in tyre life and operating efficiency.125 45.8 9. 25") rims for tubeless TG (Tractor-Grader) since the failure mode is less likely to be catastrophic..260 ..385 . Engineered to function and create seal at -65˚ Fahrenheit. ARCTIC “O” RINGS Specifically compounded “O” rings for sub-zero temperatures.385 . a tube may be reused.385 .8 9. only use new O-Rings.6 6. a small tube is better than a large tube.500 5. In an emergency. Rim for tubeless EM. Vehicle O C L Rim Base Negative Back Section Lock ring Inside Face CHECK YOUR RIMS WHEN YOU CHANGE YOUR TYRES. negative or zero.260 . NOTE: Rim diameters can only be accurately measured by means of a special ball tape. normally of the swivel type. double or triple bent. Single bend Double bend Triple bend LARGE BORE AND SUPER LARGE BORE VALVES 11 The Large Bore and Super Bore valve systems are evolutions The Large Bore valve is able to pass up to THREE times the from the basic system of a standard bore. Bent valves. These valves are extensively assure minimum down time and resistance to abuse. MPT and implement are generally supplied with the required bent form. compactors.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG. such 6 3 EM – valve stem bent 80° as in wheels accommodating 4 4 EM – valve stem straight Double bend Single bend planetary drive gear. 12 . tyre applications are either rubber or metal and may be and may be single. 5 EM – valve cap with stem remover 6 EM – valve adaptor (fits on valve core threads) 7 EM – valve adaptor (fits over valve cap threads) 3 8 EM – small valve cap with stem remover FLEXIBLE TUBELESS VALVES 1 2 Flexible swivel valves have a very low valve height above the rim and may also be fitted to tubeless applications where space is critical. and Super Bore systems are of a heavier construction with with an even larger air chamber. used to reduce the cost of down time during inflation/deflation. Super Large Bore. 1 EM – metal valve base for TL tyres Turret type valves may be required where there is 5 7 insufficient clearance for the 2 EM – rubber valve base for tubes standard swivel valve. Flexible tubing straight or bent.qxp 5/4/06 3:25 pm Page 13 TYRE TECHNOLOGY VALVES TURRET TYPE VALVES In the majority of Off-the-road tyre applications one piece 8 screw on Metal Valves are used. Valves for payloader. The Large Bore amount of air of a standard bore valve. passes up to SEVEN times enlarged chambers for greater flow rate characteristics to more air than a Large Bore Valve. 5-25 Truck 26.00T G Tube Size 13.6 33F8.6 Angle Valve* * J1175 C J1175 C J1175 C * Flap width specified is minimum flap width.00 29. C1 Standard Core Rigid Brass C2 Large Bore Super Large Bore Bendable TUBES. a valve extension.00-25 18. Flap width is measured on rim side of flap.00/14-24 GR Valve No.00-25 DT 10.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG.8 25F21.qxp 22/3/06 3:37 pm Page 15 TYRE TECHNOLOGY VALVES EXTENSIONS VALVE CORES In order to facilitate valve access it may be necessary to fit to be accessed will determine the type of extension (rigid. J1175 C J1179 B J1175 C Flap Size 24/25F10.5-25 Rim 17.00 and up. TUBES.5-25 Truck Flap Size* 25F14.00 Tube Size 16.0 = Flap width Valves must always be fitted with a valve cap.00-24/25 Truck 18.00 W 21. Dome Cap 14 .50 22.00-32/33 Truck 21.9 24/25F12.5 24/25F13.00 19.00-25 21.4 35F12. Flaps and Valves for Sand Tyres Tyre Size Rim 18. Normally the position of the valve flexible or bendable) required. Example: 24-9.00 15.ORG Tubes.5-25 Truck Valve No.9 25F19.00-24/25 Truck 18.00-24/25 18.25 13.00-24/25 Truck 21.00-24T G 8.5-25 23. The valve core is present to allow the internal air pressure to be measured and changed.00-35 Rim 11.00 Tube Size 20.5-25 26.00-24/25 Truck 29. Valve cores are available in two versions.0 24 = Nominal Diameter 9.00 13.00-35 Truck Flap Size* 24/25F9. FLAPS AND VALVES FOR GRADER TYRES Hex Valve Cap Dome Cap Tyres Using Semi-Drop Centre Rims Tyre Size Rim 14. Plastic dust caps are not suitable for field service.1 Radial tyres must be fitted with radial type tubes and flaps.0 25F23.00 15.0 Angle Valve* * J1175 C J1175 C J1176 D J1179 B J1175 C Wide Base Tyre Size 20.00 Tube Size 18.00-25 DT 15. made of metal and have a rubber sealing ring.00-33 21. The valve cap is the primary air seal. Angle Valve shown is most commonly used.6 24/25F10.5-25 DT 25. Valve caps are always * * Valve J1014 is standard straight valve on all EM tubes 16.00-24/25 Truck 21. 220 A Flap Size 24-10. FLAPS AND VALVES FOR RADIAL OFF THE ROAD TYRES Flexible VALVE CAPS Narrow Base Tyre Size 16.5-25 Truck 23. e.50 -41 – Clean and repaint rims to stop corrosion and facilitate Volume of 1 Litre H2 O + .25 Bar DEMOUNTING – Tyres 29" and larger in diameter = 6. DO – use approved eye protector – exhaust all air from a single tyre – use mechanical aids when removing heavy rim – exhaust all air from both tyres of a dual assembly components – remove valve core completely to assure all air MIXING THE CALCIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION The amount of calcium chloride needed to prevent freezing varies with the temperature.00 0 1. No less than 75% of the tyre's volume should broken or damaged. exhaust air and add ballast.brass – Never introduce a flammable substance into a tyre before.28 -23 Sales or Service office. CaCl2 = 1167 cu. Use inflation hose long enough The simplest way to add weight is to partially fill the tyres with liquid. nuts or rim clamps): – run a piece of wire through stem to be sure it's not plugged calcium chloride must be equipped with special sealed-in base valves. Before adding ballast.rubber . read and understand all safety precautions. . lock ring and O-ring to ensure they are secure in the gutter before inflation. (i. It offers: – Less tread wear – Additional weight (up to 50%) over plain water – Less bounce – It is not harmful to rubber – Less fuel consumption – It is plentiful and low in cost – It is an effective antifreeze solution – Follow all procedures and safety instructions exactly.100 . consult an expert.000 0. These prevent separation of the rubber valve base and valve metal. Weight can be found by: The amount of CaCl2 /Water needed for earthmover tyres can Weight of Water = Litres x 1 be easily calculated. (in cu. – If necessary to tap components together. Gravity @ CaCl2 /Water 18° C Kg/L °C 1. mallets with faces of: . flap.25 Bar After seating.42 Then use the formula: INSPECTION Ballast Weight in Kilograms 3/4 Vol. – Grader tyres = 3.TYRE TECHNOLOGY TYRE TECHNOLOGY LIQUID BALLASTING SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS BALLASTED TYRES Before performing any services on off-the-road tyres. or after mounting Tubeless tyres can be ballasted.lead of tyre assembly.218 . is exhausted from tyre The 1167 divisor is established by: Volume of Litre Water = 1000 cu. 1. flange bead seat. cm mounting and component checks. cm) = Litres Water 1167 15 16 .6 Swell factors will vary with the amount of CaCl2 added. weld. – Double check the side ring.42 -34 1. The valve must be in the highest position when Before removing any rim or wheel component – remove both cores from dual assembly pressure is checked. during. + Weight of CaCl2 = Litres x . This gives the most accurate reading. Tubes filled with A corrosion-proof gauge should be used to check inflation pressures.42 kg. – Always stand clear of a tyre/rim assembly that is being deflated or inflated.150 .. cm Freezes Below Sp. A 100% fill can cause an unsafe GENERAL pressure rise under load. cm Swell Factor = 167 cu. – Do not be careless or take chances. 1. – Check and replace all rim components which are cracked. tube. under any circumstances. Inflate: heat or braze any rim components that are cracked.18 -14 Other swell factors are available from any Goodyear OTR 1. Increasing the load on the drive axle offers many advantages: be filled with liquid. severely rusted or damaged in any way. Do not stand in front or back – Confirm that the correct components are used SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR BALLASTED TYRES – Never. attempt to rework.050 . . – Increased drawbar pull – Less slippage A solution of calcium chloride and water is recommended – Less pressure loss for liquid filling.08 .250 . – If you are uncertain about proper mating of parts.5 Bar – Tyres less than 29" in diameter = 5. badly worn. rim and wheel assembly. – Use a clip-on chuck. – Improved traction – Do not mount or demount tyres without proper training. – Never hammer on rims or other components while tyre is fully or partially inflated.plastic and that the new components are of the same size and type. – Don't reinflate a tyre that has been run flat until you inspect the tyre. – Clean dirt and rust from lock ring and gutter to ensure proper seating. to stand to side of tyre. Calcium chloride solution will not harm rims if a minimum of 75% fill is used. tyres must be seated with air. The volume of the tyre must be known. – Never add or remove an attachment to a rim without approval from the manufacturer. – Inflating with nitrogen should be done only by – Use blocks regardless of how hard or firm ground trained personnel using proper equipment.5 BAR.8 kilometres – – – – – – Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't Don't try to remove tyre from rim before completely deflating. This includes: – If assembly is proper at approximately . never operate vehicle without coolant. placing jack in position.GO2318_EARTHMOVER TT LUX-ENG. SERVICING TYRE AND RIM ON MACHINE – Inflate off-the-road tyre/rim assemblies with nitrogen – a pressure regulator set for no more than 1. to approximately . Personnel to stand clear of tyre/rim assembly during inflation – Reinflate to recommended operating pressure. Inflate tyres in a safety cage. – Don't inflate tyre before all components are properly in place. inflate tyre before all side and lock rings are in place. Replace weak or damaged parts. proper assembly. – Never use a tube in a tubeless tyre where the rim – Carefully follow manufacturer’s assembly is suspected of leaking. manufacturer. – Place in safety cage or use chain sling and inflate – Stand clear when using a steel cable or chain sling. – Clear the area if excessive brake heat is suspected. seat rings by hammering while tyre is inflated. Always deflate tyres prior to dismounting.5 BAR over desired inflation appears to be. Recheck components for – If assembly is not proper. Inspect wheel nuts and clamps periodically. Use safety chains or equivalent restraining devices during inflation. – Always use the mix and amount of coolant recommended by the manufacturer. – Always crib up a vehicle with blocks just in case the jack slips. Double check tyre and rim before inflating. MOUNTING AND INFLATION – Double check to be sure all components are properly seated before inflating. An exploding earthmover tyre can throw a 7. DANGER – If vehicle wheels have been designed/or altered to contain wheel coolant. type and make. always secure a tyre/rim assembly with: a sling tyre handler other support equipment – Deflate and examine to determine the reason for improper fit. instead of air where recommended by the vehicle manufacturer. deflate and correct. – Check your rim manufacturer if special operating conditions are required. use petroleum oil or grease on tyre beads or rims. let anyone mount or dismount tyres without proper training. Replace all severely rusted rims. – Inflate in a safety cage. Warnings include: the smell of burning rubber the smell of hot brakes – Wait at least one hour before approaching machine. Look for distortion or components not properly locked or seated. – an appropriate relief valve inflate fully to seat tyre. – Before loosening nuts or clamps. use water-suspended lubricants with tubeless tyres. Check Goodyear catalogue for proper tyre/rim matching. – Never modify a rim without approval from the recommendations for operating and maintenance. DANGER 17 18 . – Always inspect rims and wheels for damage during tyre checks. Check for excessive side ring play and ring butting. 26m off the ground! – – – – – – – – Don't overload or overinflate tyre/rim assemblies.5 BAR.25 kg bowling ball more than 4. – Never run a vehicle on one tyre of a dual assembly. – Don't let the brakes become overheated.qxp 22/3/06 3:37 pm Page 19 TYRE TECHNOLOGY SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS OPERATION An earthmover tyre contains enough energy to raise a 1380 kg car – Use recommended rim for tyre. Consult rim manufacturer concerning proper component replacement. – Put hardwood blocks under jack. – Completely deflate tyre (both tube-type and tubeless). broken or damaged parts with parts of the same size. – Block tyre and wheel on opposite side of machine before – Inflate to same level of pressure as you would with air. – Replace cracked. – a remote control clip-on chuck.