Topic: Occupational Health & Safety Module : Human Resource Management Course Facilitator : Prof. Dr. H. H. D. N. P. Opatha. B.Sc (Bus.Ad) Special(Hons) (Sri J); MSc (Bus.Ad), HRM (Sri J); MBA (Birmingham); Dip.Personnel Mgt & Industrial Relations (Cambridge Col); Dip.Eve Eng (CPM); PhD (HRM) (UtaraUUM, DHRM (IIU) Master of Business Administration Programme : Assignment / Term paper submitted to European Institute Of Professional Education (Pvt) Ltd. Associate Campus in Sri Lanka Of Irish International University, European Union. By Student’s Name : U.C.L. Perera 1 Content Introduction Aim Work place assessment Work place inspection Welfare facilities General working condition Control of work place hazards Conclusion References 3 4 4 5 8 9 11 14 15 2 . 3 . Occupational health & safety is to promote & maintain the above factors by prevention among workers of departures from good health caused by hazards in the working environment. In reaching the optimum level of production or service the workers of all occupations of the organization should maintain a very high degree of mental. what are possible hazards & the ways to asses the hazards. social and spiritual well being. Basically it includes protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health. the organization should reach the optimum level of production or the service what ever the business be. To achieve that. physical. placing & maintenance of worker in an occupational environment adapted to his/her physiological & psychological ability.Introduction The aim of a business organization is to gain the maximum profit for the owners or the partners. This document presents & explains aims of occupational health & safety. Occupational Health • Protection of workers in their employment from risks resulting from factors adverse to health. social and spiritual well being of all workers of all occupations. • his/her Placing & maintenance of worker in an occupational environment adapted to physiological & psychological ability. Identify and evaluate hazards. 4 . • in summary.Occupational Health Aims • Promotion & maintenance of highest possible degree of physical.main reason. mental. Workplace assessment • • • • Purpose of workplace inspection.adaptation of work to worker and each worker to his work. Recommend feasible improvements. • the Prevention among workers of departures from good health caused by hazards in working environment. Identify non-compliance of workers. why you should asses? Any other relevant/important information Review any relevant records about the industry/factory Review the relevant literature.• • Investigate workers complains-collective or individual complains.hazardous to workers? dangerous processes List of machines-dangerous? hazardous? Pre-inspection prerequisites 5 . Difference picture in diff. factories / organizations. Work place assessment steps • • • Pre-inspection Inspection Post-inspection Work place inspection Pre-inspection-prerequisites • • • • • List of materials/chemicals used in the workplace-hazardous chemicals? List of products.what is in textbooks may not find in real practice. Audit of OSH. Work place assessment • • • • Review purpose of assessment . (product in intermediate level) List of products (finish good) their chemical physical and biological nature List of work processes. hazardous? Intermediate products-list-hazardous? Final products-list-hazardous? Pre inspection Workplace inspection Inspection walk through • • • • • • • • Start from the very beginning of the process Observe for ….schematic diagram of factory/work place lay out Raw materials. illumination. 6 .shift work-nature of shifts-8 hrs or 12 hrs. permanent or rotating shifts. radiation.noise.list. heat..night shifts. frequencies of shift rotation(circadian /internal body clock) Forward rotation of shifts Pre-inspection • • • • Process or work flow chart.Information about work place • • Working hours. vibration. Health hazards Safety hazards General working environment Control measures taken including PPE (personnel protective equipments) Warning signs/signals Waste disposal Health hazards • Physical. soil. repetitive motions.S Chemical safety Safety hazards • • prevent Fire-Fire safety. overtime.• • Chemical-dust. cumulative trauma.management. liquid.D. solids Ergonomics-working postures. mist.machine guarding(moving parts).falling from heights. worker. interpersonal relationship. fumes gas. preparedness. air conditioning (leganelliasis) Mental-work organization (organization culture & structure). fall of objects on workers Safety hazards Unsafe working at height • Mechanical/machine injuries. plan in advance.S. simulations. animals. infectious agents.anticipate. job tasks. advise from experts Explosion. inter-managerial relationships. congestion of machines 7 . worker-worker. workers morale. RSI Lifting & carrying weight Work place inspection Noise Posture & Metal fumes Health hazards • • Biological. shift work Health hazards Work place inspection Chemical safety • Take adequate safety precautions as per M. expect the worst outcome & plan to Safety hazards • Accidental falls. job targets. fire drills. lifting. machine layout. vapor. dead lines. MSD. worker unrest. industrial disharmony. Tanks • septic • Clear safety policy on work in confined space Working in Confined spaces • • • Air supplying type respirator Supervision Suitable PPE Welfare facilities • Safe drinking water-outbreak of diarrheas -large number of workers will be affected. • force. bad odour) • Toilets.manholes. separate for males & females. Regular maintenance. Could be prevented. trade union activities hamper employee-employer relationship. Washing facilities-Taps. cleaning on daily basis. 8 . maintenance. water supply. slippery floor. sanitation & hygiene.adequate number.Electrical injuries. ships(tankers). bathrooms.(broken taps. underground storage tanks. electrical safety Overloading of electrical circuits Work in confined space. workers commitment to keep clean. leaking bathrooms. Serious blow to the production.• • Electrocution. Cost effective investment on safe water. showers.adequate number for the work hygiene & sanitation. sanitation. type. kitchen.overalls -production oriented industry. adequate quantity for the workforce.1/3 of the work force at a time. quality of drugs & medical equipments • first First aid facilities. • Place for meals. depends on the nature of the job task. metal industry • • Changing rooms & individual lockers Important safety messages could prominently displayed in common places Other Welfare facilities 9 .on regular basis.identification of chronic degenerative ailments at early stage improves prognosis and more cost effective. canteens. in-house doctor.enhance employee morale Medical examinations.suitable material.sitting capacity. qualified nurse to man the medical centre. cleanliness. keys to be placed in strategic locations under supervision of a responsible officer. quality. disposal of canteen waste.items . the uniform. refer to out side institution. hygiene.ship yards. locality of aid boxes. visiting doctor. • Resources spend on medical care is a very good investment for the long runHealthy work force is a priceless asset • kind of Working uniforms.meal rooms.• Medical facilities-quality of care. quality & nutritional value of food served or sold • • Free meals or subsidized rate. food hygiene. check the expire dates of items. hazardous industries. fumes.their effectiveness. lead based.air flow. bending towards object. vapor • • • more Local exhaust ventilation. industrial disharmony • Proper lay out of the factory/ workplace 10 .• Washing of working uniform. less productivity.to capture at source Push & pull ventilation. air velocity. adequacy Illumination (lighting). conflicts.asbestos cement. poor inter-personal relationship. mist. any obvious odor. chemical based industries. their adequacy. smoke.depends on the nature of the job.exhaust & blow fans. air inlets & out lets.“by stander effect Separate washing facilities at the work place General working conditions • General ventilation. pollution of working environment.contamination of the uniform- • • Washing of uniforms separately from home linen.inconvenience. prone to accidents.MSD General working environment General working conditions • Over-crowding. dust. too bright & • the too dark best avoided Health consequences of poor illumination-accidents & injuries. more precision workillumination including local illumination with general illumination.congestion of workers & machines. collection of garbage -result in breeding of flies.regular basis(daily) and systematically. keeping materials at appropriate places. Control of work place hazards • • • • • Engineering control.machine guarding. mosquitoes. unobstructed pathways. enclosure of worker or process Isolation/segregation Control of work place hazards • Substitution.pathways well demarcated. removal of unnecessary stuffs from the work place -provides more space • safety Good housekeeping contributes towards reduction of accidents and improves • waste/ Cleanliness & environment sanitation.highly hazardous substances are substituted by non or less hazardous- 11 . rodents etc.effectiveness Enclosure & barriers.Over crowding General working conditions • House keeping.Disposal of industrial/factory/workplace garbage.most effective Capture at source & removal of hazardous substances Local exhaust ventilation. feasibility.appropriate messages at appropriate places • Personal Protective equipments.areas under construction During break downs & shut downs of normal work routine safety mechanisms may not function.appropriateness. cost.accidents & injuries are common due to negligence Maintenance areas. safety culture.could be unidentified hazards. behavior based safety Proper disposal of industrial waste Properly displayed safety & warning signs & signals. quality of the final product • • • • Good work practices.use of hazardous substances Loading & unloading areas.Training (safety & vocational).workers are vulnerable Seek more information on: • • • • Maintenance & cleaning operations mainly done by contract workers Type and quality of chemicals Material Safety Data Sheets Non routine processes. suitability. re-training. compliance(ensure 100%) PPE Other work areas • • • • • Storage areas. on the job training Safety consciousness.least effective. unusual occurrences? 12 .improper storage of hazardous materials Laboratories. maintenance. who is capable of making policy decisions Safety committee is met at least once a month to review the current safety status Proper implementation of the safety policy -contribution from all quarters from • Trained safety officers Interview of workers • Work related health problems.less OSH services .Go through records & documents • Overtime figures. safety should be displayed in strategic locations • • • top to Bottom Safety committee.be a good listener & observe non verbal emotional 13 .Go through records & documents • Results of environment & biological monitoring. reputation Cooperate safety policy • policy Safety policy -workers are educated and made aware of the safety policy.keep records for referencecompare with past results • • for Training records of workers in OSH Production figures-related to hazards-less production-less profits-less allocation OSH. their standards.safety standards are determined for 8 Hr exposure-Eg-Noise levels 85 • dB for 8 Hr exposure Quality of chemicals purchased-name of suppliers.chaired by a senior manager. • • Do you need specialized work place inspection to be carried out by a specialist Do you need biological & environmental monitoring to be carried out. targets. This is a major factor that affects the moral of employees.long hours. intermediate & term. overtime. are the recommendation feasible & cost effective.immediate. extra workload Workers morale Nature of work. 14 . hazardous work without adequate protection Post inspection • • • long Discussion with the management Inspection report-identify the problems and list them out in priority order Specific recommendations.work related stress.expressions of workers.what actions to be taken. Conclusion As I discussed in the introduction occupational health & safety is indirectly linked with the success of a business organization. overtime.dangerous work with minimum safety measures. work overload. improper sizes Hours of exposure.what organization to be contacted. unsuitability. impossible job tasks.difficulty in use. dead lines • • • • Problems with use of PPE. noise. changing rooms. This shows that assessing of hazards involves highly human interaction & product process analysis. toilet. 3. Occupational health 1998 – Rohini De alwis Senarathne. heat. investigate into worker complains & work place inspection for materials / chemicals. 2. interpersonal relationship. assessing & continuous monitoring system. Therefore recommending & giving feasible improvements boost the moral of employees. work process. cafeteria & food. culture. It involves identifying non compliance of workers. Workshops & training programs enhance the above factors. product. house keeping. Occupational & environment median 1997 – Joseph Ladon. Also work environment. radiation. hazards related to machines & ect. biological & ect are assessed.Assessing of the hazards are very important. to give solutions there should be a very good mechanism of identifying. dangerous machines. Though controlling hazards are the most important. ergonomics & ect. Occupational safety & health administration (OSHA). Dulitha N Fernando. 15 . cleaning & illumination involves too. vibration. uniforms. & Kantha Lankathilaka. transport. During the production process assessment raw materials. storage. Therefore this presentation is dedicated in assessing & identifying work place hazards. References : 1. Draft guidance for hazard determination – US department of labor. Worker compliance involves welfare facilities such as health. Physical & biological hazards of the work place – Peter H. 5.4. 6. 2002. Walt & Gregy M Stave. 16 . H & S manual – Noyon Lanka (pvt) Ltd. Environment safety & health hand book 2002 – Nike Ink.