QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTAALCATEL EXCHANGE BOOK – 1 (THEORY) QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 2 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA LOCATION Alcatel 1000 El0 is the digital switching system developed by Alcatel CIT. Multi-application, Alcatel 1000 El0 could be used for the entire range of switch, from the smallest local exchanges to the largest transit gateway switches. It adapts to every type of habitat, from dense urban environment, to sparsely populated areas, and to every type of climate, from polar regions to the hot and humid climates of Equatorial Africa and the tropics. System operation and maintenance can be local or common to several switches, or both at the same time. Alcatel 1000 El0 provides all modern communication services: Basic Telephony, ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), Centrex, digital cellular radiotelephony and all the Intelligent Network applications. It handles all accepted signalling systems in a current total of over 80 countries and is built in accordance with recognized international standards. Alcatel CIT actively contributes to definition of those standards. 3 Centrex (private or public). Local subscribers exchange Transit exchange (local. Hybrid local/transit exchange. Fig: 1 Alcatel 1000 E10 location in the telephone network S: L: TR: CID: CIA: CTI: Remote line unit Local subscriber exchange Transit exchange Outgoing international exchange Incoming international exchange International transit exchange 4 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SYSTEM APPLICATIONS (NON-EXHAUSTIVE LIST) Remote subscribers unit. Tandem exchange. trunk or international gateway). It also transfers data between its ISDN subscribers as well as to and from the packet switched network. . . These calls include: . . transit.200 bauds (V24 protocol) SERVICES PROVIDED Calls Handled The Alcatel 1000 El0 handles telephone calls from or to the national and international public switched telephone network.outgoing calls to special services.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA EXTERNAL INTERFACES 1 Subscriber line with 2. transit.international calls: automatic or semi-automatic. incoming. 5 . . .national calls: outgoing. incoming. outgoing or incoming.local calls (private.server calls (intelligent network concept). 32 channels. CCITT G732) 6 and 7 Analogue or digital data link with 64 kbit/s or standard PCM 8 Digital link with 64 Kbit/s (X25 protocol.regional calls: outgoing.manual calls (operator assisted) : outgoing. public). . Q3 interface) or analogue link with rate of < 19. 3 or 4 wires 2 ISDN basic access at 144 kbit/s (2B + D) 3 ISDN primary access at 2 Mbit/s (30B + D) 4 and 5 Standard PCM (2 Mbit/s. incoming.test calls. . . During the 5 sec period the subs can make normal call. on busy call or no answer. The subscriber can then switch between the two calls.Possibility for an engaged subs to hold existing calls and make a call to a third party.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Subscribers Facilities S. 03 Fixed Destination Call With TimeOut 04 Automatic Alarm Call 05 Forwarded Call x A call can be setup to a registered number by lifting the handset within a period of 5 sec. (B) Redirection an operator. x Possibilities for a subscriber to be called by the exchange on a specified time (hours minutes) within the next 24 hours. 6 06 Out-Going Call Restriction 07 Absent Subscriber 08 Full Diversion To Fixed Announcement 09 Registered Call 10 Call Waiting 11 Subscriber Call Charge Meter 12 Printed Records On Duration And Charge Call 13 Detailed billing * overseas calls • National calls • local calls 14 Conference Calls (three party service) . . x Detail billing is provided for all type of overseas and national calls as per request of the subscriber/settlement of excessive billing cases.Possibilities for a subs to have i/c call automatically diverted. by dialing a short code.Possibilities to subscriber to divert incoming calls to an operator. x Possibilities for a subscriber to repeat the last call. (call alternation). x Possibilities for activating a subscriber’s call charge meter by 12 kHz or 16 kHz signal. release either or set a conference between all 03 parties. x Possibilities for an engaged subscriber to receive an indication that a caller is attempting to obtain connection to his number. x Possibility of controlling of charging incrementation. (A) Redirection to announcing machine or special tone. . 02 Immediate Fixed Destination Call x A call can be setup to a registered number by lifting the hand set only.No DESIGNED FACILITY 01 Abbreviated Dialing USE DESCRIPTION x Possibilities for a subscriber to make a call by dialing a short code (1 to 3 digits) instead of the full telephone numbers. x Possibilities for a subscriber to re-route a incoming call to his number to another number. x Possibilities for barring certain o/g direction from a subscriber the barred directions are prescribed by the administration. consistency of charging data. 16 17 Outgoing Only Line Incoming Only Line 18 Subscriber Group Line 19 Priority Line 20 Do Not Disturb OPERATION/MAINTENANCE FUNCTIONS Management/supervision of incidents: monitoring following complaint. Management of charges and of deductions: LAMA/CAMA. Security mechanism: passwords for workstations and for the operator.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 15 Malicious Calls x Malicious calls identification • The feature enables the identity of the calling party to be established when requested by the called party. intelligent terminal operation. Monitoring of exchange performance: result of metering (traffic. call timers and event meters. non-authorized entry detection. subscribers groups. Four levels of priority are available. These are assign to a designation no called “group desig no”. x Possibility for a grouping together several subscribers lines into lists (or line group).LAMA: Local Automatic Message Accounting .). charging. calls statistics. • the service can be initiated by 2 procedures automatically by each call. . additional services. routing. Number 7 signalling. precise location of faults. translation. Subscriber). domestic meters. • At the request of the subscriber receiving a malicious call. x Possibility for a administration to prevent all incoming calls form a telephone line. call originated by him is processed earlier than the lower priority calls. coins box. x Possibility for the administration to prevent all outgoing calls from a telephone line. • class 0 (subscriber without priority). subscriber lines. automatic testing of lines and of circuits.I.CAMA: Centralized Automatic Message Accounting 7 . centralisation of accounts. detailed billing. display of alarms. x Possibilities for a subs to have i/c call automatically diverted to a special tone or an announcement. • class 1 subscriber with priority). time zones. metering pulse. • class 2 (V. • class 3 (national operators). exchange command. subscriber’s equipment. Supervision of operation: single subscribers. etc.P. x Possibility to allocate a priority to a sub so that in case of congestion. translation. conditions of operation). These mechanisms. under CCITT B load system (Q 543) i. which are distributed at the level of each system resource. The capacities given below are given for information purposes.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA GENERAL PERFORMANCE DATA Performance of any switching system is highly dependent on it’s environment (call mix. In addition. .000.000 Erlang to be handled (on CCITT B load (Q 543)). Maximum processing capacity of the system is 280 CA/s. the system possesses sophisticated regulation mechanisms which make it possible to avoid saturation in the event of an exceptional overload. which permits: .000 circuits to be connected.e.up to 60. are based on metering of the number of calls presented and accepted.up to 200.000 subscribers to be connected. and also on observations of processors load (occupancy rate. . 1. number of items in queue). 8 . The connection capacity of the host switching matrix ranges up to 2048 PCM.up to 25. based on an average reference environment.000 BHCA. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 9 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE GENERAL FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE The Alcatel 1000 El0 system is located at the heart of the telecommunication networks concerned. Each functional unit is equipped with softwares which are appropriate for handling the functions for which it is responsible. It is made up of three independent functional units: The ‘Subscriber Access Subsystem” which carries out connection of analogue and digital subscriber lines. Figure 1: General Functional Breakdown of Alcatel 1000 El0 OCB 283 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE Time Base (BT) The BT ensures times distribution for LR and PCM synchronization and working out the exchange clock. “Connection and Control” which carri9s out connections and processing of calls. Time generation can be either autonomous or slaved to an external rhythm view to synchronize the system with the network 10 . Time distribution is tripled. “Operation and Maintenance” which is responsible for all functions needed by the network operating authority. with 16 bits per channel (32 channels). The MCX can execute the following: 1) an unidirectional connection between any incoming channel outgoing channel.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Host Switching Matrix (SMX) The SMX is a square connection matrix with a single time stage. 11 . This access is used to write at the output T. T. duplicated in full. This is referred to as “connection with N x 64 kbit/s” The MCX is controlled by the COM function (matrix switch controller) to ensure the: set up and breakdown of the connections by access to the matrix command memory. 2) connection between any incoming channel and any M outgoing channels 3) connection of N incoming channels belonging to one frame structure of any multiplex to N outgoing channels which belong to the same frame abiding to the integrity and sequencing of the frame received. address the incoming T. There can be as many simultaneous connections there are outgoing channels.S. A matrix link LR is an internal PCM. address defence of the connections.S. It should be remembered that a connection consists of allocating the information contained within an incoming to an outgoing channel. which enables up to 2048 matrix links (LR) to be connected. Security of the connections in order to ensure a good data switching. 7 the digital recorded announcement equipment. HDB3 conversion to binary (PCM matrix link). PCM) PCM). transmission of channel-associated signalling in T.S 16 (command Auxiliary Equipment Manager (ETA) The ETA supports: the tone generators (GT) the frequency receiving and generation (RGF) devices conference circuits (CCF) the exchange clock. In particular. binary conversion to HDB3 (matrix link command). extraction and pre-processing of the channel-associated signalling of T.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA PCM Controller (URM) The URM provides the interface between external PCMs and the OCB283 These PCM come from either: a remote subscriber digital access unit (CSND) or from a remote electronic satellite concentrator (CSED).S 16 (PCM 12 . on channel-associated signalling or CCITT No. the URM carries out the following functions. another switching centre. various observation tasks which are not directly linked to CCITT No 7 Call Handler (MR) The MR is responsible for establishment and breaking off of communications. 7 signalling channels. PUPE defence. keeping the charge account of each subscriber served by the switching centre. sundry observations). the PUPE function carries out the following “signalling channel” Level 2 processing. the “message routing” function (part of Level 3) The PC carries out: the “network management” function (part of Level 3). the call handler is responsible for different management tasks (control of tests of circuits. with subscribers and circuits characteristics necessary for establishing and breaking off communications. The TR also ensures match between the dialing received and the addresses of circuit groups or subscribers (pre-analysis. Subscriber and analysis database manager (TR) (TRANSLATOR) The TR function carries out management of the ana1yses. semi permanent connections are established via the connection matrix. TX carries out tasks of observation of (circuits and subscribers observation). More precisely.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA CCS7 protocol handler (PUPE) and CCS7 controller (PC): processing For connection of 64 kbit/s No. 7 protocol . The call handler takes the decisions necessary for processing of communications in terms of the signalling received. translation functions) Call charging and traffic Measurement (TX) The TX function carries out charging for communications. supplying the necessary information for drawing up detailed billing to the OM. on request from it. to the PUPE which processes the CCITT No. TX is responsible for: calculating the amount to be for each communication. The TR supplies the call handler. Matrix System Handler (GX) 13 CCITT No. In addition. releases equipment. subscribers and circuit groups database. commands switching on and switching off etc. In addition. after consultation of the subscriber and analysis database manager (TR). 7 protocol. analysis. The call handler processes new calls and hanging-up operations. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE FUNCTION (OM) The functions of the operation and maintenance subsystem are carried out by the operation and maintenance software (OM). PUPE) and the command functions. ETA. processing and transmission to and from the ETA and GX of certain MR messages. Message Distributor (MQ) The MQ function is responsible for distribution and formatting of certain internal messages but. the TOKEN RiNG.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The GX function is responsible for processing and for defence of connections on receipt of: requests for connection or disconnection coming from ca handler (MR) or message distributor functions (MQ). with a unique protocol which is processed in accordance with IEEE 802. operation and maintenance of the system. The operating authority accesses all hardware and software equipment of the Alcatel 1000 El0 system via computer terminals belonging to the operation and maintenance subsystem: consoles. supervision of semi-permanent connections (“data links’). COM. More than one dedicated Multiplex: 1 Interstation Multiplex (MIS) for interchanges between the command functions. Communication Multiplex On to five communication multiplexes are used to transmit messages from one station to another. These functions can be grouped into 2 categories: operation of the telephone application.5 Standard. it carries out. This transfer of messages is carried out by only one type of medium. the GX carries out monitoring of certain links of the exchange connection subsystem (access links LA and links internal to the host switching matrix LCXE). intelligent terminal. or between the command functions and operation and maintenance software (OM). from 1 to 4 Station Access Multiplex (MASs) for interchanges between the connection functions (URM. In addition the stations supporting the MQ function act as a gateway for messages between the communication multiplexes. In addition. periodically or on request from certain links. connection faults signalled by the matrix switch controller function (COM). the operation and maintenance subsystem carries out: 14 . above all. Single Multiplex (COMPACT configuration): it is then referred to as the Interstation Multiplex (MIS). In addition. magnetic media. centralization of alarm data coming from connection and control stations. temporary backup of detailed billing information. central defence of the system. Finally. 15 . via alarm rings.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA loading of softwares and data for connection and command units and for the subscriber digital access units. at regional or national level (TMN). the operation and maintenance subsystem permits two way communication with operation and maintenance networks. A ML has an internal organization (system + application) which is unknown by the hypervisor and the other ML. One ML = a hypervisor-controlled execution unit. 16 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE SMC: SMA: SMT: SMX: SMM: STS: Main Control Station Auxiliary Equipment Control Station Trunk Control Station Matrix Control Station Maintenance Station Synchronization and Time Base Station SOFTWARE MACHINE (ML) This is a software set (programs + data) which can be fitted on a SM and which carries out a specific function. One ML = a loadable unit. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The ML is characterized by: a type: Which identifies the ML function.g: TR is the ML which ensures the translator function).Management of No.charging for communications. one or two archives: system archive site archive one SM support: In each station. LIST OF SOFTWARE MACHINES MR: TR: TX: Call Handler .g: 2 MLTR).management of channel-associated signaling and of PCM of distant CSN and CSE ETA: Auxiliary Equipment Manager . access to operation and maintenance software URM: PCM Controller . 7 .Management of statuses of auxiliaries COM: Matrix Switch Controller . (e.Establishment and breaking off of communications Subscriber and Analysis Database Manager . switching of subscriber digital access unit messages PC: OC: CCS7 Controller .Processing of No. circuits and subscriber database Call Charging and Traffic Measurement . defence of CCS7 protocol handler software machines. one type of ML can have more than one example (e.Establishing.Switching of messages relating to the operation and maintenance software. supervising and breaking off connections 17 PUPE: CCS7 Protocol Handler . management of statuses of No. traffic observations (meters) OM Message Router . In function of the exchange load and also for defence purposes.Analysis. 7 network. a system address: For each ML there is one system address (AS). a status.Distribution of messages to the PCM Controller and Auxiliary Equipment Manager. routings. charging timetable and charge accounts MQ: Message Distributor . configuration of connection subsystem GX: Matrix System Handler . This address is used to identify the ML in the system.Management of the central connection subsystem circuits. circuit groups. an assignment file gives the addresses of the physical stations which support each ML. observation of circuits and subscribers. 7 protocol. Configuration of processor stations the subscriber digital access unit machine CSE: Electronic Satellite Concentrator . of statuses of subscribers.System functions. management of 18 .Management of statuses of subscribers.Operation and maintenance functions.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SM: Control of Station . management of the electronic satellite concentrator machine OM: Operation and Maintenance Software . Archival storage CSN: Subscriber Digital Access Unit .Management. Each ML can provide the connection management function and the connection defence function. The two first SMA contain the tone generators. SMA . . .Standby SMC One SMC could be used as a backup station.ML TX. The ML PUPE switchover is done in real time (circuit statuses).MLGX 2 MLs are provided. . supported by different SMCs and work in load sharing mode. When the faulty SMA is repaired and put in service.MLETA RGF (Frequencies sender/receiver) and CCF (conference circuit): Redundancy (n + 1) that means than (n + 1) ML supported by SMA are working in load sharing mode.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA REDUNDANCY Redundancy at the SM and ML level OCB 283 redundancy depends on the type of SM station and the ML supported by that station: SMC . This station is equipped to be capable of replacing any SMC.MLMR n ML. At the end of the initialization. . The standby ML PC is updated permanently. During the backup station initialization.MLPUPE: Redundancy (n+1) that means n SMA with the active ML PUPE and one SMA which supports the standby ML PUPE. supported by different SMCs and working in load sharing mode.MLPC One SMC supports the active ML PC and an another SMC supports the standby ML PC. The activation of the standby SMC corresponds to a station initialization. defence of connections: one ML GX active on one SMC and one ML GX standby on the other SMC. The over dimensioning of the ETA prevents a degraded working of the exchange when one is out of service. the traffic is processed by the other SMC. TR and MQ 2 ML. GT (Tone generator): Fully duplicated. Software and semi-permanent data are already loaded on the standby ML PUPE. . the full capacity of processing is restored on the exchange. Redundancy is: connection management: 2 ML GX working in load sharing mode. SMT 19 . One GT in service is enough for the exchange. the PUPE supported by this station is now the standby PUPE. SMM The SMM (with the OM function) is duplicated and works in active/reserve mode. In case of serious fault. During a soft switchover. SMX The SMX is fully duplicated. A fault on one PCM module causes the unavailability of this PCM during the intervention and repair time and the unavailability of the other 3 PCMs during the card repair time. Multiplex Redundancy One multiplex is done by 2 rings working in load sharing mode. Time Base Distribution Redundancy The STS (Time base station and synchronization) is done by 3 oscillator boards. The non duplicated boards (SMM coupler boards.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA . 20 . The access to the 2 physical rings is managed by a protocol which allows. in case of a problem on one ring. Each PCM is processed by physically independent material. Each oscillator board sends the time base signals to the SMX. In the SMX a <<Majority Logic>> selection is done on the 3 time base signals. to handle all the traffic. The ICTRQ card processes 4 PCMs. The SMM is independent for it’s defence function (faults processing restarting). PCM interface in the SMT) are supplied by converters equipped in (n+ 1). the traffic will pass progressively from one subsystem to the other.SMT2G (Fully duplicated logics) The SMT is working in load sharing mode with 0% of load on one sub-system and 100 % on the other subsystem. It’s duplicated structure is unknown by the other stations. . The connection defence is done by association of specific mechanisms (connection defence and SM defence). the SMTI G can request itself for a switchover. The SMM has 2 hard disk working in mirror mode (writing on both disk and reading on one).SMTIG: The SMT1 G is fully duplicated and work in active/reserve mode. Power Supply Redundancy The power supply distribution in each SM station is done by 2 converters. The total inaccessibility of the OM has no effect on the call processing. the fault will stay in this station without disturbing the other stations. Supervision of the SM by it’s environment (the other SMs) and centralization of the accusation for correlation.Centralization of the function which needs a global view of the system (management). The result of those protections should disconnect the faulty adaptator in case of fault. 2) At the communication level: A multiplex (MIS or MAS) is constituted of 2 rings (A and B) and self-protected. its functions will be reallocated to another SM.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA DEFENCE ARCHITECTURE Principle The elements to be protected in the system are the SM stations and the communication multiplexes. one SM can set itself to the block status. .Decentralization of the fault detection in the station. The main defence principles are: 1) At the SM level: Self detection of faults. 3 levels of protection: a) SM level: by the access protocol. Defence function allocation The allocation of the defence responsibility in the system: . The 0GB 283 defence functions can be divided in: 1) a common core of mechanism identical for all the SMs (independently of the SM type) included: 21 . characterizing its fitness to handle traffic. An SM station has a status. b) Ring level: by equipment located in the adaptators. c) System level: by the ring manager. If a break down appears in one station. This status is known by the other stations. An SM is reconfigurable unit: in case of breakdown. Hierarchical organization of the detection responsibility in the SM. In case of a serious fault. hardware test. CCITT N°7 network management (MLPC). * ring management: working supervision positioning maintenance. 2) Specific mechanism in function of the type of redundancy used and the function processed: defence of the connections (MLGX). termination fault processing. termination alarms. * management of the PCM terminations (ending) SMT2G working security observation.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA . 22 . . alarm). system general re-initialisation.central defence in the OM: * stations management: SM working supervision a positioning (broadcasting of the new status of the SM) maintenance (initialisation.local defence on each SM: fault detection minor or serious fault warning and self-positioning if serious fault. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA STANDARD CONFIGURATIONS Small (P) configuration Performance Data 36 CA/S = 130.000 BHCA 23 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Medium configuration Configuration Ml Performance data: 72 TA/S = 260.000 BHCA Configuration M3 24 . 000.000 BHCA 25 .000 BHCA Large (G) configuration Performance Data: 280 CNS = 1.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Performance data 108 TA/S = 385. 000 BHCA 26 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Compact (C) configuration NOTE: limited extendibility Performance Data: 18 CA/S = 65. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Example of implementation of software machines on stations 27 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA NAMING RULES General Principle Standardized acronym: maximum of 5 characters, 6th reserved for variants The first two letters are laid down, as described below. The other three letters are used for the card function mnemonic. Allocation of first letters 1st letter: Subassemblies family A I R T = = = = SMC, SMM SMT, SMA SMX,STS CSN Note: items used in different families keep the acronym of their original family 2nd letter: Type of physical entity A B C E F G L P R S = = = = = = = = = = backplane adaptation device subrack (mechanical assembly, backplane, board guide, etc..) electronic card power supply backplane gate array leads (links) extender rack plug 28 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 29 which gives very great flexibility with regard to geographical location. It is the digital control unit which can be local or remote in relation to the connecting exchange.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SUBSCRIBER DIGITAL ACCESS UNIT LOCATION OF SUBSCRIBER DIGITAL ACCESS UNIT (CSN) The digital satellite exchange (CSN) is an entity for connection of subscribers which is capable of serving analogue subscribers and digital subscribers simultaneously. Concentrators on which subscribers are connected can be local (CNL) or remote (CNE) in relation o that control unit. The CSN is broken down into two parts: the digital control unit (UCN) and the Digital Concentrator Modules (CN). 7 semaphore signalling. It can either be local (CSNL) or remote (CSND) in relation to the connecting exchange. Its design and make-up allow the CSN to be fitted into the existing network and it can be connected up to all time-domain type systems using CCITT No. Two distribution levels exist. The CSN is a connection unit designed to adapt to a wide variety of geographical situations. Figure 1: CSN connections to the network 30 . therefore. The Master UCX controls all the traffic and updates the Standby UCX. in its turn. In this way. It is made up of: two Control and Connection Units (UCX) operating in Master/Standby mode. This means that the following can be connected on a CSN: 2. on line.viz: 31 . an Auxiliary Equipment Processing Group (GTA) which pools certain functions associated with the UCX . at primary rate. PCM links for connecting extended-access PABX switchboards to 30 B channels + 1 D channel at 64 kbit/s.or 4-wire analog subscriber lines. digital subscriber lines with basic rate of 144 kbit/s : 2 B channels + 1 0 channel at 16 kbit/s. if there is a failure of the Master UCX there is immediate Master/Standby switchover and the Standby UCX which has become Master controls all the traffic.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA CONNECTION OF SUBSCRIBER DIGITAL ACCESS UNIT (CSN) The CSN was designed for Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Figure 2: Connecting subscribers to the CSN FUNCTIONAL BREAKDOWN OF DIGITAL CONTROL UNIT (UCN) The Digital Control Unit (UCN) is the interface between the Digital Concentrator Modules (CN) and the connecting exchange. The Subscriber Digital Access Unit has two levels of concentration. o tests of subscriber lines connected up to the Local Digital Concentrator Modules. As the Remote Digital Concentrator Modules are connected up to the Digital Control Unit by PCM links. and the second is the Connection Network (RCX). o recognition of dual frequency signals from keyboard stations on the occasion of autonomous operation of the Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit. A Connection and Control Unit (UCX) is broken down into two parts: the connection network (RCX). the role of the Remote Digital Concentrator Modules Interface (ICNE) is to synchronize and to convert the PCM links into network links which are internal to the Digital Control Unit. the control unit (UC). The first is located within the concentrators. Figure 3: Functional breakdown of the UCN 32 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA o generation of tones and of recorded announcements for local communications on the occasion of autonomous operation of the Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit. The first two links carry CCITT No. The TSO cannot be used for carrying speech channels. The maximum number of Remote Digital Concentrator which can be connected up to the Connection Network is 20. Connection of Remote Subscriber Digital Access Units Remote Subscriber Digital Access Units (CSND) are connected up to the connection network (CX) via a multiplex connection unit (SMT). This is because of the maximum number of racks. 7 semaphore signalling. The TSO cannot be used to carry speech channels whereas TS16 are used for this when they do not carry any CCITT No. when they do not carry any CCITT No. Two to 16 PCM connections are used for connecting up the Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit. 7 semaphore signalling. All the TS16 of these LRI are used for carrying High Level Data Link Control (HDLC) signalling. with the aid of from 1 to 4 PCM connections. Connection of Subscriber Digital Access Units to an OCB283 (Exchange Office) Connection of Local Subscriber Digital Access Units Local Subscriber Digital Access Units (CSNL) are connected direct onto the ElO connection network with the aid of from 2 to 16 matrix links. The maximum number of Local Digital Concentrator (CNL) which can be connected to the Connection Network is 19. 7 semaphore signalling. CNEM: remote digital concentrator for analog subscribers and digital subscribers. in TS16. This signalling permits 2-way communication between the concentrators and the Digital Control Unit. A maximum of 42 LRI can be used for connecting subscriber’s concentrators to the connection network.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONCENTRATOR The different types of concentrator which can be connected up to the Digital Control Unit are as follows: CNLM: local digital concentrator for digital and analog subscribers. The TS16 carry the HDLC signalling and the TSO cannot be used for carrying speech channels. 33 . which is 4. The Distant Digital Concentrators (CNE) are connected up to the Connection Network via the Distant Digital Concentrator Modules Interface (ICNE). Signalling: PCM 0 AND 1 TS 16 Speech PCM 0 and 1 TS 1 to 15 +17 to 31 PCM2 < 15 TS 1 to 31 Connection of Digital Concentrator Modules to Connection Network The Local Digital Concentrators (CNL) are connected up to the Connection Network with the aid of 2 to 4 Internal Network Lines (LRI). TSO cannot be used for carrying speech channels whereas the TS16 can. In this case the 42 LRI are divided up on the 19 CNL in terms of the traffic. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA With CNE and CNL equipped the maximum number of CN is 20. CNE can be equipped with from, one to four PCM connections, The ICNE allows a maximum of 42 PCM to LRI connections, to be made. Figure 4: Connection of Digital Concentrators to Connection Network Figure 5: CSNL connection to 0CB283 34 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 6: CSND connection to an 0CB283 CSN RACK ASSEMBLY CSN: 19 CNL configuration CSN: CNE configuration CSN: Configuration CNL ET CNE 35 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 36 one or more of these functions may be supported by the same Main Control Station LOCATION OF MAIN CONTROL STATION The Main Control Station is linked to the following communication media The Inter station Multiplex (MIS): it carries out interchanges of information with the other Main Control Stations (SMC) and with the SMM station. The Alarm Multiplex (MAL): this transmits power alarms from the station to the SMM station 37 . GX (Matrix System Handler): management of connections. GS (Services management): SSP application. PC (SS7 Controller): signalling network management. TX (Charging): charging for communications. CC (Communication Control): processing of the SSP application. According to the configuration and the traffic to be handled. MO (Message Distributor): message distribution. Trunk Control Station (SMT) and Matrix Control Station (SMX) connected on those multiplexes. TR (Translator): database. The Main Control Station Access Multiplexes (MAS): 1 to 4 they carry out interchanges of information with the Auxiliary Equipment Control (SMA).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA MAIN CONTROL STATION ROLE OF MAIN CONTROL STATION The Main Control Station (SMC) supports the following functions MR (Call handler): call processing. FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE General architecture of a multiprocessor station Philosophy of ‘multiprocessor derived from Alcatel 8300 system concepts one or more than one processor. 38 . one or more than one intelligent coupler. Two-way communication between subassemblies coordinated by the basic system.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA . interconnected by a bus and interchanging data through a common memory. 39 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA BSM = Multiprocessor Station Bus A multiprocessor station can include: one or more than one multiplex coupler. Specific couplers for switching functions or data processing inputs/outputs. one or more than one processor unit. a common memory. 1 to 4 secondary multiplex couplers (CMS). or only one ACMCS (1). three ACMCQ boards which carry out the Common Memory function. 40 . and the BSM. (MC). (PUS). four ACAJA are responsible with their associated ACAJB boards to manage interchanges between the MAS and the BSM. PHYSICAL FORM OF MAIN CONTROL STATIONS The Main Control Station (SMC) is organized around a standardized Multiprocessor Station Bus (BSM). (PUP). The different boards are connected to this bus and it is used by them as a means of communication. Thirteen boards can be connected onto the Multiprocessor Station Bus within a Main Control Station: an ACAJA board is responsible with it’s associated ACAJB to manage interchanges between the Interstation Multiplex (MIS). The size of this bus is 16 bits.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA MAIN CONTROL STATION ARCHITECTURE The Main Control Station includes: a main multiplex coupler a main processor unit a common memory 1 to 4 secondary processor units (CMP). QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA an ACUTR board which carries out the Main Processor function (PUP). Location The ACUTR board is attached to 41 ACUTR ACMCQ ACAJA ACAJB ACALA . The ACALA board. 17 cards + 2 converters). Estimated maximum consummation at 5V < 160W ACUTR Board: Processor Role Within the 0CB283 system. four ACUTR boards which carry out the Secondary Processor functions (PUS). It is connected to the Alarm Multiplex (MAL). which is not connected on Multiprocessor Station Bus. which is organized around a 68020 microprocessor (ACUTR3) or 68030 (ACUTR4). is responsible for collecting and transmitting power alarms of the Main Control Station. constitutes a processing unit for multiprocessor stations which is also called a Main Processor Unit (PUP) or a Secondary Processor Unit (PUS). the ACUTR board. Figure 1 5 types of cards: UC 68020 or 68030 16 Mb memory MIS/MAS coupling module Alarms coupling module SMC station (max. The 32 bit mode enables the 68020 to be operated at full capability (32 address bits and 32 data bits). one DRAM (4 Mbytes for ACUTR3 or 16 Mbytes for ACUTR4). This mode is used automatically when the address sent by the microprocessor exceeds 16 Megabytes. 68030 Motorola operating at 40 MHz (ACUTR4). a coupling area arranged within the BSM gate array. Connection of an ACUTR allows transfers of data with slave boards 32 bits (ACMCQ. compulsorily. A Control Station can include one or more than one ACUTR board connected to the Multiprocessor Station Bus. a local bus in the case of the PUP.). ICLOG.6 MHz (ACUTR3). General organization of board a 32-bit processor: 68020 Motorola operating at 15. registers (ICMAT.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA the Multiprocessor Station Bus. 42 ... Connection to the Multiprocessor Station Bus takes place in 16-bit mode (address of less than 16 Megabytes) or in 32-bit mode (address of more than 16 Megabytes). The 68020 can access the following: one EPROM (128 Kbytes). ACMCS) or 16 bits. a multiprocessor station bus interface provided by the BSM gate array. a local bus interface. it is protected by a self-correcting code and can be accessed via the BSM multiprocessor station bus and the local bus. The data bus is a 32-bit one and it is accessible only to addresses of < 16 Mbytes. The data bus is a 16-bit one for addresses of less than 16 Mbytes and a 32 bit one for addresses lying between 16 Mbytes and 4 GBytes. A special addressing area which is accessible via the multiprocessor station bus only and is called a “link-pack area”. A link with a master board via the local bus is not essential for the board to operate. It is made up of: 43 . Organization The ACMCS board essentially includes: The multiprocessor station bus and local bus interfaces. The local bus. which is a quick-access mono-master bus.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA ACMCS Board: 16 Megabyte Common Memory Role The ACMCS board is the common memory of the 16 Megabyte 0CB283 control stations. Location It interfaces with: The multiprocessor station bus. a multi-master bus with access priority. To operate. the board must be linked to a master board via the multiprocessor station bus. (BL). ACAJA/ACAJB Boards Role of Coupler The coupler is organized around a 68020 and makes it possible to connect a station which includes a multiprocessor station bus to a communication multiplex of token ring type. accessible via the multiprocessor station bus and the local bus. If it does so it is referred to as a “Main Multiplex Coupler” (CMP). o address translation filters. 44 . If not. The arbitration access control and refreshing logic. The coupler is associated with the relevant softwares and fulfils MIS coupler (CMIS) or MAS coupler (CMAS) functions according to whether it is connected to an Interstation Multiplex (MIS) or a Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA o commands-and status registers.e. 128 memory blocks of 128 Kbytes (i. The coupler can serve as a station handler for initialisation and loading operations. 16 Mbytes). it is referred to as a “Secondary Multiplex Coupler” (CMS). ACAJA and ACAJB.). ICLOG. 4 Mbyte DRAM. A Multiprocessor station bus interface provided by the multiprocessor station bus gate array. ACAJA is organized around the Motorola 68020 32-bit processor which operates at 15. and the other on ACAJB.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Location of Coupler The token ring coupler is attached to: The multiprocessor station bus. The 68020 can access the following: 128 Kbyte EPROM. in order to guarantee absence of simultaneous disturbance of the two rings in the event of a power fault. The power Supplies of the two boards are different... Two token ring adaptors: one located on ACAJA. . These two boards are interconnected via a backplane private bus. A coupling area arranged within the multiprocessor station bus gate array. General Organization of Coupler The coupler is made up of two boards. registers (ICMAT. Two token ring links.6 MHz. 45 . called HYPERVISOR (HYP). to be read. software resources allocation and the communication with the other stations. which functions as a hardware interface. 46 . LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY Location Rack Assembly SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE Principle Each station has the following software: an operation system.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The ACAJB board also makes it possible for the station number. (“APSM = physical address”) programmed on backplane. System Functions: MLSM The MLSM is divided and loaded on all the active agents of the station.G. Hypervisor The HYPERVISOR is the operating system of the station. The SUPERVISOR in the Macro component is called a <<SEQUENCER>>. call processing). initialisation. o One ML (called station ML-MLSM). They are called the << basic software >> of the station.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA a software in charge of the progression of the elementary task for an software machine (ML). it called SUPERVISOR (SUP). of MLs with different functions (E. 2 types of ML: o One or more functional ML. charging.G. Supervisor A functional ML component executes one set of elementary tasks. This software is distributed on the different active agents of the station. are loaded on all the stations (SM).G: MLMQ. Scheduling of those services is done by the SUPERVISOR. Each one has a specific telephonic function (E. some software called SOFTWARE MACHINE (ML). MLMR) is loaded according to the configuration needed. It also carries out: Time-delays management: o It assumes the time sharing between the different ML installed on one agent using parameters given by the configuration file of the SM. Each task corresponds to service activation. It gives the possibility to each ML to be independent of it’s physical location and allows the loading. This ML is used for station defence. SUPERVISOR and MLSM. on the same processor. MLGX). o Signalling of over flow time delay. Time delay: o On request from one ML: start. re-start or end of time delay. HYPERVISOR. One given functional ML (E. 47 . The communication: o Communication between the MLs is done by the hypervisor without modification. down loading and communication. MLSM components transmit messages to and from the token rings when they are loaded on CMP or CMS couplers. It is loaded on one SM. o observation of the station. SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE OF A STATION SEQ ML SM/P ML SM/S : : : sequencer (MR or TX) main component of MLSM secondary component of MLSM 48 . o initialization of the station. 1 to 4 secondary components (Macro). o defence of the agent. the secondary MLSM component. which carries out: o loading and initialization of the agent. o positioning of the station.G: MLTX and MLMR include: one main component (exchanger). o defence of the station. Functional Software Machine A functional software machine is an application software. In the SM it is loaded on one or more than one agent. o observation of the agent.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The MLSM software machine includes: The main MLSM component. which carries out: o loading of the station. E. In addition. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA MLi MLj/E MLj/M MLk/P MLk/S : : : : : MLi (Single component) interchange unit software module of Mlj (multi-component) macro component of MU (multi-component) main component (new structure multi-component) main component (new structure multi-component) Examples of Location of Software Machines Small Configuration P (Subscribers Applications) NOTE: ML_ _ /M are managed by a Sequencer (SEQ) Medium Configuration (Subscribers Application) a) SMC = TR +TX + MQ + GX + PC NOTE: ML JM are managed by a sequencer (SEQ) b) SMC=MR 49 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA NOTE: ML JM are managed by a sequencer (SEQ) c) SMC=TX+MQ+PC NOTE: ML JM are managed by a sequencer (SEQ) 50 . BLOM: blocked by operator. Each software-machine possesses its own status: o o o o o Examples Station in service (normal status) AM = AF AF AF AF AF AF SMC1 = = = = = = TR1 TX1 MR1 PCA MO1 GX1 STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS = = = = = = = ES ES ES ES ES ES ES ES: in service (or ESRE’. INDL: unavailable idle. Each station possesses a status: o o o o o o o ES: in Service. TEST: under test. INIT: in course of initialization. Statuses of Software Machines Each software machine possesses a functional address (AF).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA OPERATOR INTERFACE Station status Each station possesses a material address (AM).in service reserve) (Hot standby) INDL: unavailable idle INDO: unavailable busy INIT: in course of initialization NES: Not in Service Station blocked by operator AM = AF AF AF AF AF AF SMC1 = = = = = = TR1 TX1 MR1 PCA MQ1 GX1 STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS = = = = = = = BLOM NES NES NES NES NES NES Station for which going over to INDL has been requested by operator 51 . INDO: unavailable busy. BLOS: blocked by system. A station possesses a status. It requires centralization of potential malfunctions in order to carry out correlation. if there is one. A OCB 283 station is a confinement unit: confinement of any confirmed fault is carried out within the station and consists of stoppage of the station. if any. Traffic in progress within the station may be lost in this case.e. It also knows the status of all the other stations at any moment. vis-a-vis the outside.i. which allows it to re-switch its traffic if a change in configuration of the station network takes place. 52 . in detection mechanisms which are internal to the station. A station is monitored from the outside by its environment. thanks to the other stations. A station is a reconfigurable unit . characterizing its fitness to handle traffic. any station positioning because of a fault will lead to re-allocation of all its tasks (ML) to a backup station. Each malfunction is assigned a level of seriousness (weighting).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA AM = AF AF AF AF AF AF SMC3 = = = = = = STATUS TR1 STATUS TX1 STATUS MR1 STATUS PCA STATUS MQ1 STATUS GX1 STATUS = = = = = = = INDO INDL INDO INDO INDL INDL INDL Station in course of initialization AM = AF AF AF AF AF AF SMC3 = = = = = = TR1 TX MR1 PCA MQ1 GX1 STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS STATUS = = = = = = = INIT INIT ES ES ESRE ES ES DEFENCE A station detects its own faults and signals its serious faults to its environment. This monitoring is instituted in order to offset inefficiencies. . It will not have any degraded operation effect except for the time it takes fault tolerance mechanisms to react. It is made up of a set of processors which are of multi-level structure and co-operate for detection of faults. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 53 . The Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS). The auxiliary equipment control station contains auxiliaries of the OCB 283 exchange. 54 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION ROLE OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION (SMA) The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station (auxiliaries’ multiprocessor station) supports the following functions: ETA: Auxiliary Equipment Manager: Management of tone and of auxiliary equipments. It is via the connection system that the auxiliary equipment control station receives basic time distributions from the STS. According to the configuration and the traffic to be handled. 7 Protocol. LOCATION OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATION The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station is linked to: The connection network by a set of 8 matrix links. These are: Frequency receivers/generators. 7 signalling receivers/transmitters. Clock management. Conference circuits. a SS7 Protocol Handler Software Machine (PUPE). Tone generators. one SMA can support an auxiliary equipment manager software machine (ETA). or both. PUPE: SS7 Protocol Handler: Processing of CCITT No. Alarms Multiplex (MAL). It carries out interchanges of information between the auxiliary equipment control station and the command components of the OCB 283. CCITT No. Conference. (CLOCK). Tone generation. According to call-handling capacity power necessary: The CTSV can process functions of the following types: 55 . (PUS). (MC). (PUP). psophometer. (CSMP). (CMP).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station is connected to the Host Switching Matrix by 8 matrix links equipment: The SMA may have the following boards: A main multiplex coupler A main processor unit A secondary processor unit A common memory 1 to 12 couplers: Processing of speech signals (CTSV). Testing of sundry modulations. Multiprotocol signalling Clock management Frequency receiving generation. an ACUTR board which carries out the secondary processor functions (PUS). an ACUTR board: main processor function (PUP).. 7 signalling or other HDLC protocols.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The CSMP can process protocols such as No. o one or more ACHIL board. which is used by them as a means of communication. an ACMCQ or ACMCS board which supports the bulk memory of the station. o an ICHOR board. The different boards are connected to this bus. Figure 1 To connection chain PHYSICAL FORM OF AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT CONTROL STATIONS The Auxiliary Equipment Control Station is organized around a standardized Multiprocessor Station Bus (BSM). This is a 16-bit bus. Auxiliary Equipment Control Station is responsible: o one or more ICTSH board. at most 12 boards which carry out the specific operations for which the. Sixteen boards can be connected to the multiprocessor station bus: an ACAJA board is responsible with to associated ACAJB board to manage interchanges via the Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS). The following are inserted within the station but not connected to the multiprocessor station bus: 56 . at the same time. These are the SAB interface between the branches of the connection matrix and the auxiliary equipment control station. call-handling cap cities (put into physical form by the number of ACUTR). Figure 2 9 types of boards Auxiliary Equipment Control Station: (maximum of 20 boards + 2 CV) Maximum consumption on 5V < 120 W 57 . an ACALA board which is responsible for collecting and transmitting alarms appearing on auxiliary equipment control station.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA a pair of ICID boards. The operational capacity (according to the number and the type of application boards) can be adjusted to a wide variety of needs. The structure chosen has the advantage of permitting a wide variety of configurations or. Smoothing of level of speech of different speakers is not provided. indication of calls waiting. 58 .). This function allows: additive conference with discrete listening facility. These signals are sequences of mono. This function implies addition of speech samples. BUSY TONE. tri or quadri frequencies. establishing of calls by operators.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA FUNCTIONS PERFORMED Functions performed by the MLETA Call processing o Reception and processing of the frequencies (inter-switch signalling) o Management of the RGF resources o Transmission of the RGF statuses o Management of the ICTSH card o Processing of the orders to send frequencies (inter-switch signalling) o Subscriber set to conference Clock management Observations (load of the ICTSH resources) Maintenance o LA continuity check o Check modulation of the announcements o On-line test of ICTSH and ICHOR board Functions performed by ICTSH board “Simultaneous communication between subscribers” function Putting a maximum of four subscribers into simultaneous communication is possible. bi... A sequence consists of a maximum of eight “transmission/silence” sequences (RING TONE. etc. “Tone generator” function This enables voice frequency signals to be generated. Eight conferences with four subscribers are implemented on an ICTSH board. Units used are: hertz for frequencies. Modulation detection function This function allows operation of recorded announcements to be supervised Processing is like speech detector.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA decibel for sound levels. On command instruction. ms for timing. In OCB 283. Function performed by the ML PUPE CCITT N°7 network interface o CCITT N°7 network messages send and receive (MTP) o Routing of the CCITT N°7 messages (MTP) o Partial management of the signalling channels (MTP) o Partial management of the signalling traffic (MTP) Call processing o Treatment of the circuit telephonic calls (by UTC) Processing of the analogue calls (TUP) and ISDN The different signalling are loading in the UTC. Frequencies receiving and generation (RGF) function The RGF terminals analyse and transmit signals within the voice frequency band. it always transmits single or dual frequency pulses. An ICTSH board generates 32 voice frequency signals. The modulation monitoring function is processed as a particular RGF code. It detects the presence of signals received and transmits to the command stations the composition of this signal (Frequencies). It is a software transmitted at the initialization of the station and it determines the type of function implemented by the board. In general these signals are single or dual frequency signals pertaining to a signalling code. The selection is done by a grid accessed by a given signalling code for each circuits group. Eight RGF terminals can be implemented on ICTSH. Hypsometer codes are processed as particular RGF codes. o Management of the CCITT N°7 channels o Subscribers call processing CSN (UTC part) Operation and maintenance 59 . Frequencies and timings are transmitted at initialization of the Auxiliary Equipment Control Station and remain fixed during phases of operation. one RGF terminal is dynamically sited by the command components within a signalling code. . It must be protected against slow drifts which involve repeated resetting of time. 60 . The following informations are interchanged: channel-associated signalling coming from the ICTSH boards.). alarms and test of the entity processed by the station. messages to and from applications implemented by the processors present in Auxiliary Equipment Control Station (positioning messages.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA o Management of the UTC files o CCITT N°7 circuits observations o Fault.. o centering on flag. on receiving: o elimination of inserted zeros. o computation of CRC.. o automatic sending of filling frames. Time information performs a double function on switching. Function performed by ICHOR board The function of the ICHOR board is to keep the time of the OCB 283 exchange accurate. Function performed by the ACHIL board This board carries out Level 2 processing for 16 HDLC type signalling channels and has servers with the following role at check frame level on transmission: o sending of flag. on command. Function performed by ACAJA I ACAJB coupling This coupler makes it possible to connect the Auxiliary Equipment Control Station to the Main Control Station Access Multiplex and carries out two-way communication with the command units. o repetition of status frames. It enables messages to be determined and labeled. and against sudden loss of time due to hardware anomaly. semaphore messages . o automatic elimination of filling frames which carry no useful information. o insertion of zero. o checking of CRC. which are signals transmitted by the RF of the RGF specifying the voice frequency signals detected. Functions performed by ICID board The defence of the GLR is done by the ICID boards. Processing of LAE links transmitted by the UR and generation of LRE. generation of the availability signal which accompanies the access links.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Function performed by the ACALA board This carries out collection of alarms. LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY Location of SMA1-SMA2 with tone generator and clock 61 . In Auxiliary Equipment Control Station the alarms transmitting entities are converters. coming. via a RCID board. from a branch of the Host Switching Matrix. Generation of the inter-IC ID inter-aid availability signal. This board is self-powered. supplementary bits travelling on the matrix links. It supports the following functions: receiving of the 8 matrix links and of an associated time base. transmission of 8access links and 8 associated time bases to the UR (SMA-SMT) inter-aids by receiving 8 matrix links coming from the other branch of the SMX with the associated D synchronization of the matrix links coming from the Host Switching Matrix and the inter-aid matrix links. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Location of SMA without tone generator or clock 62 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Location of SMA with 96 RGF Figure 3 RACK ASSEMBLY 63 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE SMA with MLETA and MLPUPE Subscriber Application 64 . ISDN telephone user part. Transaction capabilities application part (TCAP) 65 . integrated services digital network user part.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SSP Application ML PUPE/N: MLPUPE/I: MTP and TUP signalling. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SMA with MLPUPE only Subscribers Application SMA with MLETA only 66 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 67 . They carry out management of synchronization links by monitoring alarm signals of the relevant PCM. no matter what the quality of synchronization links might be. ROLE OF SYNCHRONISATION AND TIME BASE STATION The Synchronization and Time Base Station incorporates 3 functions: External Synchronization Interface (HIS) clocks. Logic majority achieved in each Host Switching Matrix branch. in terms of defined criteria. Tripled Time Base (BTT). Alarms. They guarantee maximum quality of frequency precision. 68 . Role of External Synchronization Interfaces (HIS) The External Synchronization Interfaces are synchronization units designed for synchronization networks of master-slave type with more than one input and with management of priorities. Duplicated distribution by Host Switching Matrix to stations (SMX). They offset losses from all synchronization links.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SYNCHRONISATION AND TIME BASE STATION TIME DISTRIBUTION 2 x tripled distribution from Synchronization and Time Base Station (STS) to Host Switching Matrix (MCX). Putting one or more than one input out of service and reestablishing them takes place automatically. They use clocks retrieved from digital circuits coming from PCM Terminal Stations (Trunk Control Station (SMT). via a very high stability oscillator. onto an alarm ring. It uses the logic majority principle for time distribution and fault detection in order to guarantee high reliability (tripled boards). an External Synchronization Interface (HIS) which can be duplicated. SYNCHRONISATION AND TIME BASE STATION ARCHITECTURE The Synchronization and Time Base Station includes: a Tripled Synchronous Time Base (BIT). The HIS is made up of from 0 to 2 RCHIS boards.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Role of Tripled Time Base (BTT) This distributes the time signals necessary to the Connection Network Stations of the ALCATEL E1OB 0CB283 system. The BIT is made up of 3 RCHOR boards. The synchronization unit can receive 4 PCM clock. Defence This function makes it possible to transmit alarms generated by the External Synchronization Interfaces and the Tripled Time Base. OPERATING REGIMES 69 . Normal Synchronized Regime The Synchronization and Time Base Station is synchronized on one reference from several. is better than 1.10-6. for 72 hours. LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY 70 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The Synchronization and Time Base Station automatically generates 4 sets of operating conditions which guarantee: maximum autonomy. The Tripled Time Base is no longer synchronized. It delivers its own frequencies (memorised value of the frequency of each RCHOR = value before loss of External Synchronization Interface synchronization). is better than 4. The frequencies transmitted are defined by the External Synchronization Interface in service (memorised value of HIS frequency = value before external loss of synchronization). Frequency precision is defined by factory calibration. Normal Autonomous Regime The Synchronization and Time Base Station is no longer synchronized (no longer any external reference). for 72 hours. Frequency stability within the temperature range of the steady state operation regime. Free Oscillation Regime The station is used without synchronization link. Frequency stability within the temperature range of the steady state operation regime.10-10. BTT on Free Oscillation Regime The 2 External Synchronization Interfaces are out of service. Protection against any action which is dangerous for the quality of frequencies transmitted and for safety of operation. It is in the order of 10-9 at commissioning (following a few months’ storage). QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Location Rack Assembly 71 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 72 . a Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit (CSND). for carrying the content of CCITT No. 73 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA TRUNK CONTROL STATION ROLE OF TRUNK CONTROL STATION (SMT) The Trunk Control Station ensures functional interface between the PCM and the switching centre. o extraction of channel-associated signalling. in switching centre to PCM direction: o binary to HDB3 conversion. o cross-connection of channels between PCM and Matrix Link (LR). Remote Electronic Satellite Concentrator. LOCATION OF TRUNK CONTROL STATION The Trunk Control Station is connected to: external components (Remote Subscriber Digital Access Unit. the digital recorded announcement equipment. These PCM come from: another switching centre. o management of semaphore channels carried by TS16. The Trunk Control Station (SMT) permits implementation of the PCM Controller “URM” (multiplex connection unit) function which mainly consists of: in PCM to switching centre direction: o HDB3 conversion to binary. a Remote Electronic Satellite Concentrator (CSED). the connection matrix by a set of 32 network lines (matrix links). 7 semaphore channels and speech channels. o cross-connection of channels between Matrix Link and PCM. or 4 groups of matrix links. o transmission of channel associated signalling. circuits) by PCM (maximum of 32). o management of semaphore channels carried by TS16. Specialisation is at software level only. a standby logic which is kept up to date in relation to the master logic and which performs LOCAVAR functions on request from the (SMM). GENERAL ARCHITECTURE A Trunk Control Station handles 32 PCM links. To ensure correct availability of the unit. These links are divided up into 8 groups of 4 (PCM which are each processed by a module which is a dedicated Multiplex Connection Module (MRM) or Satellite Connection Module (MRS). The PCM end logic (transcoder) and the active logic selection board are not duplicated. 74 . the alarm Multiplex (MAL).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) serial communication medium which carries out interchanges of information between the Trunk Control Station and the Command Stations. the LOGUR and also the acquisition logic of each module are duplicated. All these eight modules are managed by a logic: LOGUR. A Trunk Control Station is therefore made up of two logics (or 1/2 PCM Controller system) a pilot logic which handles switching and protection functions related to switching. o on transmission : binary HDB3 conversion from the transmission link and the local clock. o detection of alarms. It is made up of 2 parts: a PCM end logic made up of 4 ICTR1 transcoders (1 per PCM). Figure 1: Module Organisation A module manages 4 PCM of 32 channels. which carry out: o on receiving : HDB3-binary conversion on the link and retrieval of remote clock. o transmission of signalling. the main functions of which are: o synchronisation of the receiving link on local clock.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The standby logic becomes the pilot logic on instruction from the SMM or on failure of the other logic. o extraction and processing of signalling. o calculation and injection of CRC4. o cross-connection of speech or data channels. o processing of CRC4 on receiving. a duplicated acquisition logic (LACO and LAd). 75 . with the LAC1 modules being managed by the LOGUR 1. Each LAC module is made up of an ICMOD board.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Each LACO module is managed by the LOGUR 0. Figure 2: 76 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Organization of LOGUR Position of LOGUR within trunk control station (SMT) A half-system is capable of managing all the traffic of the 32 PCM links. Choice of the logic in service takes place by a non-duplicated module from periodic requests for switchovers, requests for switchovers on failure of the master logic, requests for manual switchovers, operator commands (MMC). Make-up of LOGUR The LOGUR manages the eight acquisition logics which are associated with it. It manages two way communications with the other LOGUR and external components. These functions are divided up among three processors: 2 auxiliary processors, A and B, which carry out switching work and manage the alarms of the logics which are associated with them (ICPRO-A and ICPRO-B boards), 1 main processor which manages interchanges, monitors and controls the tasks carried out by the auxiliary processors and carries out maintenance of the unit which comes under it (ICPRO-P board). An interchange memory exists to effect two-way communication between the main processor and the auxiliary processors, and it also carries out interchanges with the other logic (ICMEC board). Memories which are common to the auxiliary processors contain conversion tables used in processing of channel-associated signalling (ICCTM board). 77 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Interchanges with control components take place through a coupler connected up to a communication multiplex, the Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) (ACAJA and ACAJB board), via the ICDIM board which ensures interface between the Main Control Station Access Multiplex and the ICPRO and between the Main Control Station Access Multiplex coupler and the modules for transmission and receiving of channel-associated signalling. Modularity LOGUR The 2 LOGURs, 0 and 1, are systematically presented within the Trunk Control Station. MODULES Modularity from 1 to 8 modules, with each module being equipped with 4 PCMs. Total outfitting of a module consists of: o 4 ICTR1 boards supported by a ICTRM mother board, o 2 ICMOD boards, one driven by the LOGUR 0, and the other by the LOGUR1. Figure 3: Logur Structure 78 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA PHYSICAL FORM OF TRUNK CONTROL STATIONS 2 subracks are necessary for outfitting 1 complete Trunk Control Station, 12 types of board: Main Multiplex Coupler (CMP) (ACAJA, ACAJB), 6 types of board adapted from the PCM controller: ICPRO, ICDIM, ICSDT, ICMEC, ICCTM, ICCLA, acquisition logic ICMOD, PCM termination ICTR alarms coupler ACALA, branch selection function (SAB) ICID, maximum outfitting: 49 boards + 4 convertors (CV). (Connection of 32 PCM), maximum consumption on 5 V, Complete Trunk Control Station (32 PCM) < 170W LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY 79 QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Location 80 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Rack Assembly 81 . it is connected to: the control stations. PLACE WITHIN THE 0CB283 SYSTEM The SMT 2G ensures interface between the switching centre and the remote items: PCM trunks with other switching centres. the alarm ring.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA TRUNK CONTROL STATION (SMT2G) GENERAL DESCRIPTION The SMT 2G (PCM Trunk Control Station) carries out the following: connection and management of 128 x 2Mbit/s PCM links. reception and transmission of signalling. 82 . pre-processing of channel-associated signalling. transmission of synchronising (LSR-LVR) signals to the Synchronising and Time Base Station (STS). via the group of matrix links. Announcement machine. management of user terminals. PCM trunks with CSND or CSED. On the switching centre side. the connection monitoring system. via the main control station access multiplex. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 1: 83 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA INTERNAL ARCHITECTURE General Structure The SMT 2G is made up of 3 functional items: Duplicated control. which regroup the physical interfaces of the trunks (2Mbits-PCM terminations. for example). The Branch Selection function SAB which is the interface with the Central Connection Subsystem. Figure 2: General organization of the SMT2G Functional Architecture 84 . consisting of 2 processing subsystems named SMTA and SMTB and connected by LISM links. The non-duplicated part of the User Terminals (ETUs). QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 3: Functional Architecture of the SMT 2G Each elemental control station (SMTA and SMTB) is made up of the following functions: CMP: PUP: MC: CLTH: CSAL: Main Multiplex Coupler. An entity 85 . The exchange termination (ETU) function is supported by L for the 2 Mbit/s PCM links. It is executed by a set of boards (ICTRQ or ICTQ7) which each support 4 User Terminals (ET). executed by a board: ACALA. executed by a pair of boards: ACAJA and ACAJB Main Processor Unit. executed by a board: ACUTG Common Memo executed by a board: ACMGS HDLC Transmission Line Coupler executed by a board ICTSM A CLTH coupler “sees” 1 or 2 assembly (assemblies) of 64 User Terminals Secondary Alarm Coupler. The Branch Selection and Amplification function (SAB) is executed by a boards assembly: ICIDS. ET: Exchange Termination Termination Equipment for PCM made up of a processor and of User Terminals managed by that processor. This type of bus includes 2 sub-types: BETP and LISM buses ETP: Exchange Termination processor: termination units management processor. ETU: Exchange Termination Card board which supports terminations LTH: HDLC transmission link: HDLC bus delivered by the CLTH coupler. without disturbing neighboring boards 86 . (The protocol used at Level 2 is the LAPD): 750 Kb/s LISM: Inter-Control Station Link. and to the elemental Control Station B by a BETPB bus. BETPB on SMTB side) unitary blocking of ETP for each one of the BETP reset of the ETP via the BETP designated by the Pilote/Reserve wire FULL . point to multipoint conflict resolving bus associated with each BETP plugging or unplugging a boards during operation. on one hand. Direct links between 2 elemental Control Stations which share a common ETU assembly (protocol used at Level 2 is the LAPD): 250 Kb/s HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE Characteristics of BETP links 64 ETP by BETP bus each ETP is served by 2 BETP (BETPA on SMTA side. Each ETP is connected to the elemental Control Station A by a BETPA bus.DUPLEX.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA BETP: Bus which connects n ETP to an elemental Control Station. on the other. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Boards Structure Diagram Figure 4: The ICTSM board The ICTSM board is attached to: o the Multiprocessor Station Bus (BSM). o the ICTSM board of the other SMT Station through a series link (LISM) and switchover signals. o the ETP5 through 2 series buses (BETP). Figure 5: Function managed by the ICTSM 87 . Figure 6: Each ETP carries out the following function for a PCM link: interface between PCM link and LA.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA o management of the active/reserve switchover (first ICTSM). CAS signaling (TS16) send and receive. The ICTRQ board Within the SMT 2G this board supports 4 PCM termination functions. 88 . Each PCM termination is an ETP and the User Terminal (ET) of that ET is connected to an PCM link. management of the fault indicators. synchronization of the PCM onto the local clock. HDB3 processing. eventually emission of the PCM clock (synchronization) to the STS. A loop-back program connector located on the front panel of the board allows doing 4 types of PCM loop. processing of the CRC4 alarms and statuses (positioning) management. o interface with the ETP. o dialogue between SMTA and SMTB. Figure 9: Physical Organization of SMT 2G Station 89 . with each shelf containing a control subsystem and half the User Terminals with the associated Branch Selection function.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The ICIDS board The ICIDS (SIXTEEN LINKS differential interface board) board supports the Branch Selection (Selection of BRANCH Amplifier) function of the SMT 2G. Location of board Figure 7: Board Environment LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY Rack Organization Physical Organization of a Station The SMT 2G station is divided up over 2 physical shelves. It carries out: Communication within the station. Management of timings.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 10: Physical Organization of SMT2G SOFTWARE ARCHITECTURE Principle To operate within a Control Station environment the software machines (ML) are supported on basic software (Hypervisor) and on the system software’s. The Hyper visor allows cohabitation of ML on one processor. Figure 12: Functions of “Main MLURM” Components 90 . Time-sharing between ML or ML components being run on the processor The Hypervisor and system software assembly is pooled within a virtual machine: Control Station Taking place of the elemental tasks which constitute an ML or ML component is carried out by the “Supervisor”. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 91 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 13: Functions of “Secondary MLURM” Components 92 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 93 . or between circuit and Auxiliary Equipment Control Station. This function is referred to as “N x 64 kbit/s connection”. There can be as many simultaneous connections as there are outgoing channels. o 64 matrix links equipment modularity. the Branch Selection function: o selection.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA MATRIX CONTROL STATION SWITCHING MATRIX SYSTEM (CCX) Role of the CCX The Switching Matrix System establishes interconnections of time-domain channels for Local Subscriber Digital Access units (CSNLs) and the Trunk Control and Auxiliary Equipment Control stations. A bidirectional connection between an A end (calling party) and a B end (called party) takes place in the form of 2 unidirectional connections. o matrix of 2048 x 2048 matrix links with one time-domain stage. The Switching Matrix System thus ensures: switching between auxiliary equipment and speech channels for voice frequency signalling operations. including 3 reserved. simultaneous distribution of tones and recorded announcements to more than one outgoing channel. permanent switching of channels which support data links or semaphore links between circuit and circuit. 94 . In general. Switching Matrix System Organization (CCX) The Switching Matrix System pools: the Host Switching Matrix: o 16-bit switching. abiding by the integrity and the sequencing of the frame received. connection between any incoming channel and any M outgoing channels. the Switching Matrix System carries out: unidirectional connection between any incoming channel (VE) and any outgoing channel (VS). connection of N incoming channels belonging to the same frame structure of any multiplex to N outgoing channels which belong to the same frame structure. setting. o metering of quality of transmission on request. Selection of the active branch for a Time Slot (TS) is carried out by comparing the outgoing time slots of each branch. o 8 matrix links connection modularity.).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA o amplification. selection of the active branch. from the incoming Branch Selection to the outgoing Branch Selection. by Time Slot parity.SMA . Fully duplicated branch concept. o monitoring connection on request. Figure 1: Operation of Switching Matrix System Connections are established in both branches. o time distribution interface... 3 control bits permit the following functions for each branch: o carrying. o interface of connection stations (Local Subscriber Digital Access Unit. by matrix link. Supervision of the unit is carried out by the connections management software machine (Matrix System Handler GX). SMT. 95 . matrix links: o 4 Mbit/s rate. Host Switching Matrix a and Host Switching Matrix b... 5. These components are the Local Subscriber Digital Access Units.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The 5 additional bits are available for external utilization (signaling on leased lines. Processing operations carried out by this unit are: 1. referred to under the generic term of “Connection Units” or “URs”. processing of 3 control bits. time distribution interface between the URs and the Host Switching Matrix. preserving the 8-bit per channel. 8-bit/I 6-bit adaptation.. 6. SELECTION AND AMPLIFICATION OF BRANCH SELECTION (SAB) Description This item is present in racks which have components connected to the Switching Matrix System. access link interface on transmission and receiving. 4. It receives and transmits access links (LAs) coming from the URs and generates links (LRa for Host Switching Matrix a and LRb for Host Switching Matrix b). Trunk Control Stations and Auxiliary Equipment Control Stations. amplification of matrix links on transmission and on receiving.). 96 . selection of branches. 2. The main function of this unit is to carry out interface between the URs and the two branches. 3. and the SMT1 G.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The equipment modularity for this entity are: 16 LR for the SMT 2G and the CSN. Figure 2: 97 . 8 LR for the SMA. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Connection Auxiliary Equipment Control Stations SMA → MCX MCX → SMA Each ICID board handles 8 matrix links (1 group of matrix links + I DT) coming from one and the same branch of the Host Switching Matrix. DT = Time base distribution (clock 4 MHz + 8 KHz synchronic) SDT = Synchro-time base (8 KHz) Trunk Control Stations 98 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA a) SMTIG → MCX MCX → SMTIG b) SMT2G → MCX 99 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA MCX → SMT2G Local Subscriber Digital Access Units (CSNL) 100 . A branch of the Host Switching Matrix contains from 1 to 8 Matrix Control Stations. the LCXE links of homologous numbers are multiplied on the same positions of all the Matrix Control Stations.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA CSNL → MCX MCX → CSNL Each TCBTL board handles 16 matrix links coming from one branch of the Host Switching Matrix. to any time slot of its 256 outgoing matrix links. HOST SWITCHING MATRIX (MCX) The Host Switching Matrix is made up of 2 branches. distributes information to the exchange and to the Matrix Link Interfaces (ILR). A and B. and. following majority choice. from the hardware point of view. Each Matrix Control Station handles 256 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing matrix links. 101 . within its network liaison interfaces (ILR). On output from the incoming side ILR. Each time-domain matrix is capable of handling the switching of any time slot of the 2048 incoming matrix links. Each Matrix Control Station receives a tripled time base signals (8 MHz and frame synchronisation) coming from the time base unit (STS) and. is made up of Matrix Control Stations (SMX). QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Equipment modularity increments are: 64 matrix links for the time-domain matrix (RCMT). Matrix Link Interfaces (ILRs) for a maximum of 256 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing matrix links. a time-domain matrix of maximum capacity of 2048 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing matrix links. a coupler to the time-domain matrix. 102 . 16 matrix links for the network liaison interfaces (RCID). Figure 3: Architecture of a Branch of the Host Switching Matrix MATRIX CONTROL STATION (SMX) Each SMX includes a Main Multiplex Coupler (CMP) which permits two-way communication on the Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) and performs the “processor” function for the Matrix Switch Controller Software Machine (ML COM). QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA : 103 . the tripled clock coming from the time base is distributed on the exchange. The processor and the function for coupling to the Main Control Station Access Multiplex are identical to those which exist in the command stations. transmit responses to command stations. 104 . ACAJB Matrix Coupler → RCMP. write or read connection matrices command memories. process monitoring functions. activation of tests on request for connection and transmission. processing of check result bits coming from the UR amplifiers. instructions coming from command stations. on the matrix entities of all the other switching stations of the branch. via the Main Control Station Access Multiplex. equipment modularity of this function is 16 matrix links: o a RCID board carries out the matrix link interface function for 16 incoming matrix links and 16 outgoing matrix links.: o distribution of these matrix links (LRE) in a format which is suitable for the matrices.i. interface with the General Time Base.e. distribution of time links to the UR. o transmission of information received from the matrix of the switching station concerned to the Branch Selections on the outgoing matrix links. Matrix Link (LR) interface part (RCID) This carries out: interface of matrix links from and to the Branch Selections (SAB) . There are 3 types of board: Main Multiplex Coupler (CMP → ACAJA. Following majority choice.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Command interface part The role of this is to: receive. Average time taken to go through is one frame (125 microseconds). it is read out at the strobe of the time base. of maximum capacity of 2048 incoming matrix links and 256 outgoing matrix links. Operation is based on use of two types of dual access memory: buffer type: this memory allows storage of samples relating to two frames. made up of two 1024 LRE x 256 LRS modules. Read/write switchover takes place at each frame. 105 .QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Connection Matrix Part The function of the connection matrix is to switch any incoming channel onto any outgoing channel. with storage taking place at the strobe of the time base and even frame alternating with odd frame in two buffers. Association of elemental matrices (64 x 64 matrix links) constitutes each module The arrangement of 32 “columns” of 4 basic blocks makes it possible to obtain the time-domain matrix of the Matrix Control Station. This memory is written in upon instructions coming from the command units. readout is performed from the control memory. control memory type: the VEj address relating to the VEj → VSi connection is stored at each address of this memory which corresponds to the VSi address. The matrix has a maximum capacity of 2048 incoming matrix links on 256 outgoing matrix links. Any interconnection of time-domain channels goes through only one basic block. Access to this board takes place at 4 Mbit/s.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 5: The 2048 LRE x 256 LRS Time-Domain Matrix LRE: Incoming Matrix Link (from the point of view of the MCX) LRS: Outgoing Matrix Link (from the point of view of the MCX) RCMT matrix board This matrix board consists of four 64 x 64 matrices. Inter-aid takes place on the front of the boards. it is on two boards. on inter-aid. Internal operating rate is 16 MHz. 106 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 107 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 6: Equivalent Square Matrix: 64 x 64 108 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 7: Equivalent Square Matrix: 128 x 128 109 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 8: Equivalent Square Matrix: 256 x 256 Figure 8: Standard Racks for MCX 110 . Extension sub rack (More than 1024 LR) 111 . Differential interface sub rack 2. Main sub rack (up to 1024 LR) 3.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA LOCATION AND RACK ASSEMBLY 1. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 112 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 113 . 114 . control station defense. LOCATION OF THE SMM The maintenance station is connected to the following communication equipment: The inter-station multiplex (MIS): handles data exchanges with the main control stations (SMC). The alarm multiplex (MAL): collects the power alarms. The SMM can be connected to the telecommunications management network (TMN) via X25 links. storage of system data. supervision of communication multiplexes. man-machine communication processing overall initialization and re-initialization.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA MAINTENANCE MULTIPROCESSOR STATION PURPOSE OF THE SMM MAINTENANCE MULTIPROCESSOR STATION supervision and management of the ALCATEL 1000 El0 system. which is accessed by either SMMA or SMMB. each built around processing systems plus primary memories derived from the A8300 system and connected to the inter-station multiplex (MIS). the other is the reserve. External interfaces which are assigned to the active station via the Terminal Bus. Functional Organization 115 . In the duplex configuration the SMM consists of two Control Stations which are physically identified by the acronyms SMMA and SMMB. to small computer system interface (SCSI) buses. One of the two is the active or pilot. A Secondary Memory connected.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE OF SMM Overall description The SMM comprises the following sub-assemblies Two identical Multiprocessor Stations (SM). two ACBSG boards for managing the interface between two SCSI buses. It is designed around the XBUS bus (general bus of the ALCATEL 8300 system). Each processing unit has one system board (ACCSG): the two system boards control switchover between the two processor units (DUPLEX operation). The 2 processing units each interface with a terminal bus via a dedicated coupler board (ACFTD). streamer. Each processing unit has an interface with the MIS and an interface with the secondary memory (disk.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE The Processing Units There are two identical processing units (SMM A and SMM B). The processing unit features the following boards: two pairs of ACUTG .ACMGS board processor and memory (connected by a local 32 bit-address bus). a system board ACCSG. The terminal bus carries the synchronous and asynchronous communication line couplers plus the terminal couplers. a pair of boards ACAJA/ACAJB for coupling with the Inter-Station Multiplex (MIS). 116 . magnetic tape unit). Each processing unit forms a SMM on the Inter-Station Multiplex (MIS). with only one being in control at a given time. They dialogue via an HDLC serial link and exchange status signals (Master / Reserve / Maintenance). a coupler board ACFTD for managing the terminal bus interface. exchanges the information required for tests or switchover operations with the ACCSG of the other processing unit. ACMGS: o 16Mbytes o accessible by the XBUS and the local bus (BL) ACCSG restarts a processing unit in the event of a reset or switchover. ACFTD 117 . acts as the LOCAVAR pilot for the XBUS components.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 1: Processing Units ACUTG/ACMGS Support RTOS and the application software: ACUTG: o 68030 processor. o 16 Mbytes private RAM. tapes and streamer.2 Gigabytes 1600 BPI (Bytes per inch) . each ACBSG board manages 2 independent SCSI buses (SCSI A and SCSI B) Inter-Station Multiplex (MIS) Coupler provides access to the other SM of the 0CB283. an I/O software on the SCSI bus (SCSI driver) is loaded into the RAM during initialization. ACBSG interfaces with the SCSI bus. manages the lines and coupler line controllers.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA interfaces the processing system with the Terminal bus. made up by the two boards ACAJAIACAJB. Figure 2: Line Couplers 118 . The secondary memory comprises: Disks Streamer Optional DBM ACDDGI: 1.2 Gigabytes ACSTGI: 1.2400 FEET These items are connected to the SCSI buses via controllers (integrated in the disks and streamer). Secondary Memory (or mass storage) The Secondary Memory comprises all the means of data storage on electromagnetic peripherals: disks. and can manage asynchronous/synchronous links with a data rate of 19. o printers. Asynchronous Links provided by the ACTUJ boards. o display consoles. allow connection of: o General Supervisory Station (PGS).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA The couplers active interface is with the active processing unit at a given moment.200 bauds or less (board ACTUJ). It is associated with: the Terminal bus dual interface. Interface with TMN. The SMM can control a maximum of 4 alarm multiplexes (each comprising 2 rings A and B) distributed between two ACRAL boards. and the alarm multiplexes of the 0CB283 (ACRAL2 board). Main Alarm Coupler The ACRAL board is a line coupler connected to the SMM terminal bus which controls the alarm multiplexes (MAL). the SMM can manage a maximum of 48 lines (6 ACTUJ boards) Synchronous Links provided by ACJ64 boards. o Intelligent Terminal (TI). one or two alarm multiplexes (MAL) which collect the alarms from the control stations and the centre. o Workstation Access Method (WAM). the source end of an alarm loop signalling total failure of the system. 119 . synchronous or high data rate links (ACJ64 board). it records the alarms and controls the alarm remote relay junctions. 64 kbit/s digital links. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA FIGURE 3: Line Coupler LAYOUT AND INSTALLATION IN RACK SMM Rack Figure 4: SSE: Station Supervision Environment The SSE contains the ACALA couplers in charge of collection of the environment alarms and re-transmission of the remote control Figure 5: Rack Assembly 120 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SMM SHELVES ALARM COLLECTION The system that records and displays the alarms is responsible •r collecting the signals sent by the alarm loops. comprising: a Main Alarm Coupler (CCAL). an Alarm Multiplex (MAL). miscellaneous telecomm ands) and reception of command signals (reception telecomm ands). a Secondary Alarm Coupler (CSAL). Each CVA is made up of two totally independent systems which operate in Pilot/Reserve mode. by telecomm and transmissions (supervision. Block Diagram of a CVA 121 . The system comprises 1 to 4 Alarm Collection and Display circuits (CVA). The main role of the ACALA board is to collect the alarms from an OCB283 stations. a clock link (H). 122 . a pilot link (PIL) for setting the CSAL to Pilot or Reserve mode and resetting them to zero. When requested by the SMM.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Brief description of the Main Alarm Coupler (CCAL) The CCAL is responsible for the acquisition of events (alarms. telecomm ands) and relaying command signals to the supervision devices and miscellaneous telecomm ands. It must also relay messages from the upstream ACALA boards. It can also be used to position a 16-light alarm array via an interface board (ACTLC). It is also responsible for protecting the associated secondary alarm couplers and the alarm multiplex. One ACRAL board can support 2 CCAL. In this case it does not collect the alarms. Brief description of the Alarm Multiplex (MAL) The MAL comprises: a data link (LAM). Brief description of the CSAL Each CSAL is supported by one ACALA board. It formats the alarms into a serial message for the Maintenance Station (SMM). but this function is transparent. it executes telecomm ands for the station in which it is located. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Figure 6: Alarm Collection Circuit 123 . the ACALA board (used for MPNA and streamer alarms). MPNA Digital Recorded Announcement Machine (MPNA) Configuration 2 inseparable boards: ICMPN2: Main board (maximum 60 recorded announcement). earphones. modification. tape recorder) backup of the ICMPN2 announcement Capacity 30 announcements. These are wired via the distribution frame. SMM SOFTWARE Note: EL = Software se 124 . cancellation. Provision is made for 2 PCM. 2 of which can have external sources connected by an LF pair. the MPNA.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA RECORDED ANNOUNCEMENT MACHINE MPNA (ALCATEL Digital Announcement Machine) is mounted in the ABLAS sub rack. ICSMP: Secondary board (interface with microphone. only 1 is used. Connection to 1 SMT module. Management of the Recorded Announcement Machine (MPNA) Use of a control micro-terminal to manage the MPNA (creation. announcement listening). the ACSTGI streamer support board. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Introduction The SMM software is composed of: The basic system RTOS (Real Time Operating System) The RTOS application software EL (software set) o EL AES: Administration operating system o EL IAS: Station alarms interface o EL SUP: Supervisor The OM (Operating/Maintenance) application software o OM sub-system (SSOM) o Telephone and system application Eventually the EL TMN (Telecommunication Network Management Software Set) Basic system RTOS It manages the following functions: Task management. Software set < EL AES This is . using the MMC accessible from the PCWAM (interrogation.an RTOS application in charge of the SMM station operation. Software set <<EL SUP>> This is an <<RTOS system application in charge of the global defense of the station application. This message contains the faulty board name and its state. basic clock management. inter-processor communication Duplex function management though the inter-ACCSG link (data updating. Using this software set the operator. positioning. can managed the station. To do that it gives to the different applications the following functions: Possibility to watch application 125 . SMM switchover) Software and hardware resources management. test of the SMM boards). Software set EL IAS This is an <<RTOS>> system application in charge of the software and hardware alarms management. The <<IAS>> receives from the application <<EL>> the alarms indication The <<IAS>> watches for a new state of all the station boards and sends to the <<OM>> application a start or end of alarm message. The <<OM>> application manages the << start >> or <<end >> hardware alarm messages. The << OM applications are: Telephonic applications o Subscribers management o Trunk circuits management Translation management o Charging management o Observations management System application o Equipment management o Data management o Alarms management Fault management o Terminals management TMNK (Telecommunication Management Network Kernel) This comprise all the TMN software set. It’s comprised the OM sub-system (SSOM) and the OM applications. The < SSOM realize the interface between OM > and RTOS >> applications.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Possibility to warn an application than a SMM switchover is requested (by RTOS or by an another application) Possibility to request a global defense action (for example switchover). 126 . Its function is the management of the exchange. Software set <<EL OM>> This is the main application of the OM. DATA MANAGEMENT Type of Data The data are divided into three major categories Permanent Data whose content does not vary in normal use. So-called “contract” data which are identical for all sites in a given country (e. etc. subscriber creation) or by the action of a subscriber. 2.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA DISK CONFIGURATION a physical disk is divided in logic disk (DL) the logic disk called “Mirror” are created on the both disk and contain the same data simultaneous writing on the 2 records (DL) reading from disk A or disk B of the DL in function of the first ACBSG which answers the physical disks are not mirrors and not interchangeable. These data are characteristic of a functional application and are generated in the development centers. The semi-permanent data can be modified either by operator commands (e..g.).. Semi-permanent Data which evolves during normal operation and requires storage in non volatile memory so that they can be recovered when reloading the system. Semi-permanent data can be divided into two subsets: 1. So-called “site” data which provide a record of the site environment (subscribers.g. As such they are also called “system” data. Temporary 127 . configuration. The inst part of software is a typical example. preliminary analysis data). Archive An archive is a set of files described by a catalogue. usually per software machine (ML). These data are either selected by default (local data segment in software when loaded into memory) or deduced from the environment (circuit status. a file contains data of the same type. semi-permanent file containing at least one semi-permanent data item. Normally.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Data which can be dynamically regenerated. temporary file containing temporary data only. which contain semi-permanent data. Like their content. 128 . There are two types of archive: “Site” archives. ongoing communication context. these files also have a type: permanent file containing permanent data only. etc.) File The data are grouped together in files. “System” archives. The files making up an archive form a coherent unit because they are grouped according to common functional criteria. which contain permanent and temporary files. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA ARCHIVES LIST 129 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 130 . maximum of 250 stations on one ring. rates: 4 Mbit/s. o an elected station performs the monitor function. excellent transmission quality (coding. facility for broadcasting from one station to several.5 Standard).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA TOKEN RING GENERAL FEATURES OF TOKEN RING Standardized (IEEE 802. ring management: o decentralized arbitration on all stations. directional asynchronous transmission between stations. TOKEN RING COUPLER 131 . or all. CRC). a Main or a Secondary coupler. a coupler can be called a “main coupler” or a “secondary coupler”. Each multiplex is made up of two rings: Ring A Ring B When both rings are in service. If one of the rings comes out of service the remaining ring must support all traffic. Depending on its external positioning. Physical Form A token ring coupler is made up of: an ACAJA board which comprises: o a mother board which supports the management part of the coupler and ensures access to the multiprocessor station bus (ACAJM board). The role of the main coupler is to provide supervision vis à-vis other components of the station. they work in load sharing mode. a CMAS. Couplers which allow access to the MAS multiplex are called “CMAS”. the Main Control Station Access Multiplex (MAS) (up to 4 MAS multiplexes for the SMA .SMT and SMX). Depending of the configuration. Within the context of OCB 283 there are two types of Communications Multiplex: the Interstation Multiplex (MIS) (1 MIS multiplex for command).QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA Characteristics A Token Ring Coupler (ACAJQ). 132 . there are: 0 to 4 MAS Allocation of the MAS number MAS: 1 T 2 S 3 T 4 T MAS <<S>> used to connect the SMA containing the MLPUPE with or without MLETA MAS <<T>> used to connect the SMT. The hardware make-up of a coupler is the same whether it is a CMIS. Couplers which allow access to the MIS multiplex are called UCMISU. SMX and SMA with MLETA only. 5 Standard (the topology of the ring and the insertion command do not meet Level 1. This board also makes it possible to read the Station Number supplied by the Backplane. an ACAJB board which supports access to Ring B. 2 AAISM mini-PCBs installed on the backplane perform the following functions: o insertion of the adapter of the ADAJ board on Ring A. This board handles Levels I and 2 of IEEE 802. o the other insertion of the adapter of the ACAJB board on Ring B. with the same restrictions as the ADAJ board. and Level 2 is limited to the Framing and Access Control). Figure 1: 133 . This board handles Level I and 2 of IEEE 802.5.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA o a daughter board (ADAJ) which supports access to Ring A. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 134 . For each one of the stages of establishment of simplified local communication. NEW CALL 135 . the function or functions implemented and the path followed by interchanges between those functions are shown. Note: This concerns local communication between an ordinary A subscriber.QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SIMPLIFIED LOCAL CALL BETWEEN 2 SUBSCRIBERS CONNECTED ON A CSN The following diagrams show the functional organization of Alcatel 1000 E10 equipped with 2 local subscriber digital access units. equipped with a pulse telephone set. connected to a local subscriber digital access unit going to a free ordinary B subscriber connected to another local subscriber digital access unit. QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA DATA REQUEST OF CALLING SUBSCRIBER 136 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SENDING OF DIAL TONE 137 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA FIRST DIGIT RECEPTION STOP SENDING OF DIAL TONE 138 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA DIGIT ANALYSIS AND RECEPTION OF FOLLOWING DIGITS 139 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA TEST AND RINGING OF CALLED SUBSCRIBER 140 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA SENDING OF RING TONE 141 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA CALLED SUBSCRIBER ANSWER 142 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA STOPPING OF RING TONE 143 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA CONNECTION 144 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA STARTING OF CHARGING 145 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 146 . QUETTA TELECOM COLLEGE QUETTA 147 .