Nursing Care Plan – AnemiaBY DAISY JANE ANTIPUESTO RN MN · JULY 6, 2008 Anemia is the reduction in red blood cells (erythrocytes) thus decreasing the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood due to the following (1) excessive blood loss (2) deficiencies and abnormalities of RBC production (3) Excessive destruction of RBC. Common Symptoms of Anemia These symptoms appear in most types of anemia: pale skin dizziness fatigue headaches irritability low body temperature numb/cold hands or feet rapid heartbeat shortness of breath weakness chest pain Types of Anemia Different types of anemia have different causes and symptoms. Iron Deficiency Anemia: Iron deficiency is one of the most common causes of anemia, especially in women. In the U.S. alone, twenty million women suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency causes insufficient hemoglobin production which, in turn, causes anemia and anemia symptoms. is one of the hereditary causes of anemia. Scandinavian or European ancestry or a history of autoimmune endocrine disorders. Folic acid supplements form the basis of folic acid anemia treatment. which describes types of anemia caused by the rapid destruction of red blood cells. as well as the more common anemia symptoms. A folic acid deficiency during pregnancy can cause birth defects.Sickle Cell Anemia: Sickle cell anemia. like pernicious anemia. including such foods as: beans and legumes citrus fruits and juices dark green leafy vegetables pork . Pernicious Anemia: Certain types of anemia are referred to as megaloblastic. Folic Acid Deficiency Anemia: Folic acid deficiency anemia. sickle-shaped red blood cells. Oral vitamin B12 supplements may also be used as pernicious anemia treatment. Vitamin B12 injections are the standard pernicious anemia treatment. or vitamin deficiency anemia. Sickle cell anemia is a form of hemolytic anemia. is a megaloblastic anemia. but they’re not as efficient as B12 injections. resulting in a chronic shortage of red blood cells and anemia symptoms. Anemia treatment also includes eating a diet high in folic acid. sickle cell anemia is characterized by the production of rigid. Risk factors for pernicious anemia include a family history of pernicious anemia. or sickle cell disease. These abnormal sickle cells break down faster then normal red blood cells. Pernicious anemia is caused by an inability of the intestines to absorb sufficient amounts of vitamin B12. which is required in the production of red blood cells. Most often seen in people of African descent. memory loss. Folic acid is essential for healthy blood and a healthy nervous system. Pernicious anemia symptoms include vision problems. difficulty walking and numb hands and feet. occurring when the body makes insufficient red and white blood cells. Many possible gene variations can cause thalassemia. Without treatment. poultry shellfish wheat bran Thalassemia: Causes of anemia often include genetic mutations. iron chelation therapy to remove excess iron from the blood and bone marrow transplants. Greek and Middle Eastern ethnicity. and the disease has both mild and severe varieties. Mild types of thalassemia may be treated with regular blood transfusions. severe thalassemia often proves fatal in early childhood. become damaged or mutated. Treatment for thalassemia depends on the severity of the disease. Aplastic Anemia: Aplastic anemia is one of the rarer types of anemia. Italian. thalassemia is one of the hemolytic anemia types. Indian. Chinese. Thalassemia occurs when the body’s genes.S. which are responsible for proper hemoglobin production. Causes of aplastic anemia include: radiation therapy . Thalassemia is one of the genetically inherited types of anemia. Filipino. Like sickle cell anemia. including people of African. Severe cases require multiple blood transfusions. The disease tends to be present at birth and its symptoms include: dark colored urine deformed facial bones fatigue jaundice poor growth rates a swollen abdomen caused by an enlarged spleen and liver weakness A number of ethnic groups are at higher risk of developing thalassemia. Cooley’s anemia is the most common severe thalassemia in the U. up to 105 degrees Fahrenheit Severe headache Retro-orbital (behind the eye) pain Severe joint and muscle pain Nausea and vomiting Rash . Dengue is not contagious from person to person. Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. MSN · MAY 26. You can get dengue virus infections from the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito. but only once by the same type. DEN-3. Symptoms of typical uncomplicated (classic) dengue usually start with fever within 5 to 6 days after you have been bitten by an infected mosquito and include: High fever. You can be infected by at least two. Two main species of mosquito. and later transmit infection to other people they bite. and DEN-4. 2008 Dengue fever can be caused by any one of four types of dengue virus: DEN-1. RN. Mosquitoes become infected when they bite infected humans.chemotherapy toxic chemicals some medications bone marrow infections NURSING CARE PLAN Nursing Care Plan – Dengue Fever BY BYRON WEBB ROMERO. if not all four types at different times during your lifetime. DEN-2. have been responsible for all cases of dengue transmitted in this country. The rash may appear over most of your body 3 to 4 days after the fever begins. gums. Symptoms of dengue shock syndrome-the most severe form of dengue disease-include all of the symptoms of classic dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever. or under the skin. causing purplish bruises This form of dengue disease can cause death. Symptoms of dengue hemorrhagic fever include all of the symptoms of classic dengue plus Marked damage to blood and lymph vessels Bleeding from the nose. You may get a second rash later in the disease. plus Fluids leaking outside of blood vessels Massive bleeding Shock (very low blood pressure) This form of the disease usually occurs in children (sometimes adults) experiencing their second dengue infection. It is sometimes fatal. especially in children and young adults. .