PSZ 19 : 16 (Pind.1/97) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS BETWEEN SAFETY AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN JUDUL:COMPARISON ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ CONSTRUCTION WITH SAFETY PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TOOL SESI PENGAJIAN: II 2008/2009 NORHASRINA BINTI MUSTAPHA Saya__________________________________________________________________ (HURUF BESAR) mengaku membenarkan tesis (PSM/Sarjana/Doktor Falsafah)* ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut: 1. Tesis adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. ** Sila tanda ( ) SULIT (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972) TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat terhad yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan. • TIDAK TERHAD Disahkan oleh (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (TANDATANGAN PENYELIA) Alamat tetap: NO 11A JALAN 3 TAMAN BATU CAVES 68100 BT CAVES, SELANGOR Tarikh: CATATAN: 30 APRIL 2009 EN.AHMADON BIN BAKRI Nama Penyelia Tarikh: 30 APRIL 2009 * Potong yang tidak berkenaan. ** Jika tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa /organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD. Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana secara penyelidikan, atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan, atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM) ii “I hereby declare that I have read this report and in my opinion this report is sufficient in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Civil)” Signature : ……………………………. Name of Supervisor : ENCIK AHMADON BIN BAKRI Date : 30 APRIL 2009 COMPARISON BETWEEN SAFETY AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION (SHASSIC) WITH SAFETY PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TOOL (SPMT) NORHASRINA BINTI MUSTAPHA A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Civil Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering University Technology Malaysia APRIL 2009 ii I declare that this report entitled “Comparison between Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction (SHASSIC) with Safety Performance Measurement Tool (SPMT)” is the result of my own research expect as cited in the references. The report has not been accepted for any degree and is not currently submitted in candidature of any other degree. Signature : ……………………………….. Name : NORHASRINA BINTI MUSTAPHA Date : 30 APRIL 2009 iii . I also indebted to staff of Faculty of Civil Engineering. By upgrading the remaining facilities. Ahmadon Bakri. Thank you. I would like to thank my friends. colleagues. who guided me along the process of finishing this study. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia with the facilities provided had ease my work during the study was done. . I believe that a better research can be produced in the future. mak abah and siblings. I would like to express my gratitude to my supervisor. who always there when I need help and very cooperative and always give satisfactory answers to all my uncertainties.iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all. their supports and encouragements giving me the spirit and energy to always think out of the box and be the best among the rest. The last but not least. I pray that only Allah would repay your kindness and assistance to me. and all who involved directly or indirectly during this study. En. I am so grateful towards Allah the Almighty that bestowed me and giving me the opportunity to finish my meaningful study entitled “Comparison between Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction (SHASSIC) with Safety Performance Measurement Tool (SPMT)”. I am very thankful for the prayer and everlasting love from the most important person in my life. Among the objectives of this study is to identify the different between SHASSIC and SPMT and to propose a better framework for safety assessment tools. According to their opinions base on this assessment.v ABSTRACT Nowadays. training and promotion to monitor occupational safety and health performance at all level of construction. . SHASSIC have to be performed at site. The purpose of this assessment is to get better understanding on SHASSIC beside to get feedback from the contractors on the efficiency of the tools. Various strategies have been planned and include in Building Construction Master Plan. This study investigates in detail comparison elements of SHASSIC with Safety Performance and Measurement Tools (SPMT) which was developed in the United Kingdom (UK). several efforts had been initiated by government to prevent occupational safety and health problems in construction site. Combinations of both assessments also need further investigation to implement it is in new model. few contractors have been selected in order to assess the site safety. It contains enforcement. they can improve and take necessary corrective action on OSH performance and management site. they can easily assess and evaluate safety and health performance on site. Based on SHASSIC assessment. Therefore. standardization. Several recommendation have be list in this research such as develop new model which more comprehensive and better than both assessment and online system for SHASSIC also should be developed to improve the efficiency of the assessment. This background initiated Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia to introduce Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction (SHASSIC). dicadangkan sistem online perlu diwujudkan . untuk mempertingkatkan keberkesanaan SHASSIC. SHASSIC akan digunakan di beberapa tapak bina untuk menilai tahap prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di tapak bina tersebut. Hasil daripada penilaian tersebut beberapa langkah mengatasi setiap kelemahan akan di ambil untk meningkatkan prestasi dalam keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan. pelbagai usaha telah diatur oleh kerajaan untuk mengatasi masalah keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di tapak bina. perbandingan dibuat antara SHASSIC dan Safety Performance and Measurement Tool (SPMT) iaitu salah satu sistem penilaian yang telah dibina di United Kingdom (UK). Ia terdiri daripada penguatkuasaan. Pelbagai strategi telah diatur dan semuanya terkandung di dalam Building Construction Master Plan. Latar belakang ini telah memberi inisiatif kepada Lembaga Pembangunan Industry Pembinaan untuk memperkenalkan Sistem Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan dalam Pembinaan atau Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction (SHASSIC). Daripada pandangan kontraktor. pandangan dan pendapat dari kontraktor yang terlibat berkaitan SHASSIC juga diperoleh di samping meningkatkan pemahaman terhadap perlaksanaan sistem penilaian ini. Di samping itu juga. Hasil daripada perbandingan tersebut cadangan dibuat dalam mewujudkan sistem penilaiaan yang lebih baik.vi ABSTRAK Dewasa ini. Selain itu. Antara objektif kajian ini adalah untuk mengenal pasti perbezaan antara elemen di dalam kedua-dua sistem penilaian ini. Beberapa cadangan telah dibuat antaranya ialah mewujudkan sistem penilaian yang lebih baik dan menyeluruh dengan memperbaiki elemenelemen di dalam kedua-dua sistem penilaian ini. promosi dan latihan untuk mengawal prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan dalam semua aras pembinaan. Dalam kajian ini. sistem penilaian ini mudah digunakan untuk menilai dan mengukur tahap prestasi keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan di tapak bina mereka. 3 Lack of Safety 10 2.1 BACKGROUND 1 1.5 Important of Measuring Performance 12 .2 Human Element 10 2.3 SCOPE OF STUDY 3 1.3 Factor Affecting Safety Performance 10 2.3.3.4 Act of God 10 2.1 Unique Hazard 10 2.3.1 Safety and Health in Construction 7 2.2 OBJECTIVES 3 1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT 4 1.6 Unsafe Method equipment Protection 11 2.vii TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE DECLARATION ii DEDICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv ABSTRAK v ABSTRACT vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLE x LIST OF FIGURES xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xii LIST OF APPENDIX xiii 1 INTRODUCTION 1.5 Job site Condition 10 2.3.4 Measurement of Safety Performance 12 2.2 Act and Regulation 8 2.3.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.3. 2.4 Interview 29 3.2.1 Policy Statement 31 4.8.3 Document Study 29 3.7 Accident and Incident Investigation Report 38 4.2.6 Emergency Response Plan 38 4.4 SHASSIC Assessment 18 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.2 Element in SHASSIC and SPMT 31 4.3.viii 2.1 Introduction 31 4.5 Data Analysis 30 4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 4.2.5 Material Safety and Health Data Sheet 36 4.2.6 Existing Safety Performance Assessment 13 2.2.4 Machinery and Equipment Management 36 4.8 Tool Box Talks 39 4.2.8.3 Assessment Approach 17 2.2 Literature Review 28 3.2.10 Proper Health Care 40 Differences Elements Between SHASSIC and SPMT 41 4.9 Safety Working Environment 39 4.1 Introduction 28 3.2.7 Safety Performance Measurement Tool (SPMT) 15 2.1 Near Miss Reporting System 52 4.8 Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction 16 (SHASSIC) 2.3 .2 Scope of SHASSIC 16 2.8.2 Safety and Health Organization Structure 32 4.2.8.1 Objective of SHASSIC 16 2.3 Training and Promotion 35 4. 4 Recommendation for CIDB Malaysia 66 REFERENCES 67 .9 Up to date Safety Document 60 4.3.13 Suggestion System 62 4.7 Safety Audit 57 4.2 Registration of Machineries 52 4.3.3.12 Choosing Competent Specialist Contractors 61 4.3.ix 4.3.14 Safety Meeting with supervisor and specialist 62 contractors 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5.3.3 Personnel Protective Equipment 53 4.3.2 Conclusion 62 5.8 Colour Code for Signages 58 4.5 HIRARC 55 4.4 Risk Assessment 54 4.3.3 Recommendation for Future Research 66 5.3.6 Permit to Work System 57 4.3.1 Introduction 63 5.3.11 Traffic Management 61 4.10 Scaffold 60 4.3.3. 1 Summary of Elements in SHASSIC and SPMT 65 .3 Ranking of star for total marks 19 4.1 Existing safety performance assessment 13 2.2 Assessment Phase 17 2.x LIST OF TABLE TABLE TITLE PAGE 2.2 Comparison between SHASSIC and SPMT (Document Check) 45 4.3 Safety Colour Code for Signages 59 5.1 Comparison between SHASSIC and SPMT elements 42 (Workplace Inspection) 4. 6 Structure of employee interview (OSH Personnel) in SHASSIC 26 2.2 Structure Questions of SHASSIC 21 2.1 Occupational Accidents by Sector for the Category of Death 2 1.2 Number and rate of fatal injury to workers in year 1996/97 until 5 2006/07 1.3 Structure of document check in SHASSIC 22 2.xi LIST OF FIGURE FIGURE TITLE PAGE 1.1 Head Office Safety and Health Committee 33 4.3 Briefing of Research Methodology 6 2.1 Flow of SHASSIC assessment 20 2.2 Site Safety and Health Committee 34 4.7 Structure of employee interview (workers) in SHASSIC 27 4.3 Flowchart of HIRARC 56 .5 Structure of employee interview (management personnel) in 25 2.4 Structure of workplace inspection in SHASSIC 23 2. xii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS BOWEC - Building Operation and Works of Engineering Construction CIDB - Construction Industry Development Board CDM - Construction Design and Management CSDS - Chemical Safety and Health Data Sheet DOSH - Department Occupational Safety and Health FMA - Factories and Machinery Act HIRARC - Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control HSE - Health and Safety Executive HSWA - Health and Safety at Work 1974 MSDS - Material Safety and Health Data Sheet OSH - Occupational Safety and Health OSHA 1994 - Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 OHSAS - Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series PPE - Personnel Protective Equipment PMA - Pendaftaran Mesin Angkat PMT - Pendaftaran Mesin Tekanan SHASSIC - Safety and Health Assessment System In Construction SPMT - Safety Performance Measurement Tool . xiii LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX TITLE PAGE A Site Assessment 1 : SN.Akhmida Holding Sdn Bhd 69 B Site Assessment 2 : Ahmad Zaki Resources Sdn Bhd 70 C Site Assessment 3 : Bandi Bina Sdn Bhd 71 D Document of SPMT 72 . 72 no of victims were died as shown in figure 1. Edwin. . In general. 1999). impact of safety an overall performance. N. There are many factors affecting safety performance on construction site. The constructions industry wills aware how important it is to have an effective safety performance assessment. safety performance on construction can be improved to reduce the poor safety record. a lack of supervision or lack of means to carry out the task safely (S.CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. From the result of the assessment. construction sector is among the most important industry to increase the economy but it contributes the higher value of accident in our industry.Shamil and D. economic reason. Construction industry is among the highest industry reported as death category. accident at work occurs either due to lack of knowledge or training. Therefore.1 Background Nowadays. The best reason because it contributing factors of responsibility. assessment needs to predict future safety problems and measure the cost of injuries and loss (Holt. control of accident causes and reporting of safety level.1. In 2008.Fong. 2001). contractor’s performance. worksite inspection and employee interview.2 Figure 1. The result of this assessment will be present as ranking stars. (Act 139) 1976. Factory and Machinery (Building Operation and Works of Engineering Construction) Safety Safety Regulations. By this new assessment. OHSAS 18001:2007 and MS 1722 (Part 1): 2005 (Construction Industry Standard 10:2008) SHASSIC methodology assessment is divided divided into three different components. 1970 (Revised (Revised-1988). assessment. ojects. 1994. Factories and Machinery Act. The elements element of this system include the reference of Occupational Safety and Health Act and Regulations (Act 514). had develop Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction (SHASSIC) with the main objective is to assess and evaluate the safety and health performance of contractor in construction pr projects. Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB). hopefully construction nstruction industry will have a . 1988). document check. 1986. Factory and Machinery (Safety. This study tudy will go through the element of SHASSIC to find out whether this system needs the improvement to make sure it effective for ssafety afety performance measurement. Health and Welfare) Regulation. T The he maximum star is five and the stars are depending to the score mark over 100 percent.1 Occupational Accidents by Sector for the Category of Death 2008 Sources: Department of Occupational Safety and Health By the reason that has been mentioned before. 3 good safety and health record in the future. Construction productivity can be improved and projects made more profitable if quality and safety performance are increase. To identify the element of Safety Performance Measurement Tools (SPMT) developed by United Kingdom (UK) iii. law and regulation that being used in SHASSIC . Productivity. 1999) 1. The study will focus on content of policy. To compare the element in SHASSIC with SPMT 1. The study focus on the element SPMT iii. To identify the element of Safety And Health Assessment System In Construction (SHASSIC) developed by Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB) ii. The study focus on the element of SHASSIC ii.3 SCOPE OF STUDY The scope for this study are: i.2 OBJECTIVES The objectives for this study are: i. Quality and Safety are three elements that inter related each other to achieve the excellent projects (Pradeep Leon. act. 4 PROBLEM STATEMENT Safety afety and health in construction is the main issue for this research because from Contract Journal Safety and Health Analysis analyze the graph of number and rate of fatal injury to workers in construction 1996/97 to 2006/ 2006/07 is fluctuate .2: Number and rate of fatal injury to workers in year 1996/97 until 2006/07 Source: Health Safety Executive .The graph increase and decrease and the process will reverse where it do not always decrease as shown in Figure 1.2. Figure 1.2 1.4 1. safety performance on construction can be improved to reduce the poor safety record. economic reason. impact of safety an overall performance.5 Assessment is important to control safety and health performance on construction site. From the result of the assessment. This study will go through the element of SHASSIC by CIDB Malaysia to find out whether this assessment need the improvement to make sure it effective for safety performance measurement. . On that important of assessment. The constructions industry will aware how important it is to have an effective safety performance assessment and the best reason because it contributing factors of responsibility. contractor’s performance. control of accident causes and reporting of safety level. CIDB Malaysia take the iniative to improve safety and health performance in construction by design SHASSIC. This system contains elements that we need to make sure our construction industry in the safe condition but probably it has some different element between SHASSIC and international system. 5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Identify Problems Literature Review a) Internet b) Newspaper c) Journal and Thesis d) Books e) Magazines Document Study of Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction by CIDB Malaysia and Safety Performance Measurement Tools Interview Data Analysis Conclusion and Recommendation Figure 1.6 1.3: Briefing of Research Methodology . on scaffolding high above ground in trenches or pipes (Ling. The lack of safety measures invariably increases the cost of doing business. The construction industry’s track record on safety is notably alarming. many industries are required to employ Safety and Health Officer to guide their workers. heavy metal and other else. While health is the condition of the body and the degree which it is free from illness or state being well (Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary. Workers in construction industries are exposed to health hazards such as environmental problems like vibration.H.1 Safety and health in construction Construction is among the most dangerous occupation in Malaysia and international and it very related with safety and health. The relationship between safety and productivity is clear. More attention to safety increase productivity on job sites reduces the direct and indirect costs of construction accidents and thus translates to higher project profits (PradeepLeon. Safety and health are equally important and should be given equal attention and that why when the Occupational Safety and Health Act had been passed in 1994.K. 1999). heat exposure. 1999). . National statistics indicate that the industry continues to have one of the highest workplace injuries of major sector. Safety means not in danger or at risk but the risk in construction industry obvious work with heavy machinery. 2006).CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2. 2. health and welfare among all Malaysian workforces and to protect others against risks to safety or health in connection with the activities of persons at work. Occupational Safety and Health Act is an act which provides the legislative framework to secure the safety. instruction. The objectives of this act are: i. All in this act are covered the workers from risk and hazardous as long as the employers follow the regulation.1 Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 (OSHA 1994) Base on Malaysia Labour Law. To secure the safety. To protect person at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work iii. .2 ACT AND REGULATION 2. The duties extends include in particular the provision and maintenance plant and systems of work to make sure it safe and without risks to health. health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work ii.8 2. In Part IV section 16. training and supervision about safety and health to the employees. Provide the means whereby the associated occupational safety and health legislation may be progressively replaced by a system of regulations and approved industry codes of practice operating in combination with the provisions of this Act designed to maintain or improve the standards of safety and health OSHA 1994 already stated the responsible of employers to their general employees in Part IV (General Duties of Employers and Self-employed Persons). Promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their physiological and psychological needs iv. It also stated that the employer should be providing information. 2. personal protective equipment.9 mention about safety and health policy where there employer should be prepare the written policy in their organization.2. 2. information about hazard.1 General Policy Statement This statement mentions that the management accepts responsibility for safety and health of the employees and others who may affect by the work activities.3 Arrangements This part concern with practical systems and procedures where it specify detailed arrangements for training and instructions.2. 2008) 2.2. accident report and emergency measures.2 Organization The policy also contains the responsibilities at all level of management.2. It must be dated and signed by the person at the top management in the organization. Some minor exceptions include regulation that focus on management’s responsibility to assist in maintaining project safety and in training the workers (CIDB.2 Written safety and health policy Written safety and health policy as required by law is divide by three main parts are: 2.2. 2. Most of OSHA regulations provide direct guidance for maintaining safe physical condition in the workplace. .2. 5 Job site condition a) Poor housekeeping b) Violation of regulations c) Non compliance with build. there are several factors are affect safety performance and it simply written below: 2.3 FACTOR AFFECTING SAFETY PERFORMANCE Based on diagram from Bentil 1990.3.3.4 Act of God 2.3.2 Human Element a) Personal Protection Equipment b) Ignorance c) Negligence d) Against the regulation 2.6 Unsafe method equipment protection a) Short cut method b) Fast but not safer method c) Equipment failure d) Unsafe contractor .3. codes and safety standards 2.3.1 Unique hazard a) Variable hazard b) Transient work force c) Strenuous physical task d) Harsh operative 2.10 2.3.3 Lack of Safety 2. The organizational and environmental factors are assessed by the type of policy that the management adapts to site safety. The historical factor is assessed by the background and characteristics of the individual. economical. These factors are linked with the level of site safety. procedural. The technical and procedural factors are assessed by the provision of training and handling of safety equipment on site. (1999). such as age and experience.Fong. and organizational and the environmental issues are considered in terms of how. technical. factors influencing safety on construction sites are the impacts of the historical. provision of safety booklets. Information regarding these factors was correlated with accidents' records in a sample of 120 operatives. provision of safety equipment. The economic factor is determined by the monetary values which are associated with safety such as. hazard pay.11 According to E. N. Results of the factor analysis suggest that variables related to the organization policy are the most dominant group of factors influencing safety performance in the United Kingdom Construction Industry. The top five important issues found to be associated with site safety were management talk on safety.Shamil and D. Sawacha. The psychological factor is assessed by the safety behavior of fellow workers on site including supervisors. providing safety environment and appointing a trained safety representative on site. psychological. . A safety program begins with management creating a goal and then implementing a plan. In this sense safety is not just instruction.12 2. it will never become a behavior. It is also management and supervision in creating a behavior modification program and enforcing it through supervision. Learning from all relevant experience and applying the lesson learned are important elements in effective safety and health management. 2. .5 IMPORTANT OF MEASURING PERFORMANCE Holt (2001) stated that measuring performance can enable management to identify the causal factors involved in injury and loss. This needs to be done systematically through regular reviews of performance based on data both from the monitoring of activities and from independent audits of the whole safety and health management system. safety is behavior. By the measurement. we can predict future safety problems and evaluate the success of the control programmed. People work safely because they behave safely but if safety performance is included in project measurement and employee performance review. Creating a safe workplace is a matter of creating safe behavior. One of the key elements in extracting safe behavior is measurement.4 MEASUREMENT OF SAFETY PERFORMANCE Based on Kunju (1999). 6 EXISTING SAFETY PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT They are several types of existing performance assessment.1 shows the list as reported by Kunju. Table 2. (1999) Table2.1: Existing safety performance assessment Types of Assessment Name of assessment Year Safety audit a) Performance Rating 1983 b) International Safety Rating System 1985 c) Element Loss Prevention Management 1991 d) Three Levels Of Audits 1996 e) Process Safety Management 1996 f) 1996 Behavioral safety Safety Culture Operating System a) Classification Of Unsafe Behavior 1986 b) Goal Setting And Feedback Technique 1993 c) Behavior Accident Prevention Process 1995 d) Behavioral Safety Approach 1995 e) Measurement Of Behavior 1996 a) Safety Culture Assessment Tool 1996 b) HSE Climate Survey Tool 1997 c) Offshore Safety Climate Assessment 1999 Technique Proactive a) Safety management system 1994 Management b) Safety performance improvement 1996 system c) Successful safety management 1996 d) Site safety performance system 1998 e) Safety performance indicator 1999 f) Safety performance model 1999 g) OHS Performance measurement 1999 Safety training Safety training observation programme 1995 Reactive measures Safety Performance Measurement 1986 .13 2. 14 Group unified accident reporting database 1986 Occupational Accident Analysis and Reporting 1991 System Benchmarking Benchmarking initiatives 1999 . SPMT concentrate on proactive measures of cultural and behaviors the Safety Control Measures chosen best represent generic safety factors affecting safety performance on construction sites. Assess safety and health performance of contractors based on the approved standards. Have a standard of safety and health assessment system for contractors in construction industry iii.15 2. It is also developed based on ISO 14001 Environment Management System. SHASSIC is an independent method to assess and evaluate the safety and health performance of contractor in construction works by Construction Technical Committee on Safety and Health in Construction with the assistance of Construction Industry Development Board. Evaluate the performance of contractors based on the safety and health practic . Site Supervisor.1 Objectives of SHASSIC are: i.7 SAFETY PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT TOOL (SPMT) FOR CONSTRUCTION According to Kunju (1999) SPMT was designed as a computer-aided object based interactive tool would be able to feedback the correct information much faster and thus save time.8 SAFETY AND HEALTH ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN CONSTRUCTION (SHASSIC) Based on SHASSIC document. (CIDB) Malaysia. the questionnaire will be answered by HQ Management. Site Management.8. In SPMT. 2. BS 8800 Guide to Occupational Health and Safety Management System. Benchmark the level of safety and health performance of construction industry in Malaysia. 2. iv. ii. Site Operatives and Specialist sub contractors. Improve and to take necessary corrective action on OSH performance and management site. Factories and Machineries (Safety. All of these components covering OSH Policy. The references for this system are Occupational Safety and Health Act and Regulation 1994. this assessment contain of three components such as document check. OHSAS 18001 : 2007 and MS 1722 (Part 1) : 2005 . Compile data for statistical analysis. OSH Organization. training and promotion. Factory and Machinery Act.8. workplace inspection and employees interview. materials management.16 v. emergency preparedness. Health and Welfare) Regulation. 2. HIRARC. 1970 (Revised 1988). accident investigation and reporting and records management and performance monitoring. 1967. machinery and equipment management.2 Scope of SHASSIC Base on SHASSIC document. vi. Three categories of employee will be select where category A from management personnel and only one employee is needed. enforcement and practiced.8. only 48 questions will be asked and it contributes 20% marks. Structure question for this category is in Figure 2. Category B needs three employees from safety and health personnel and OSH Committee members.2: Assessment Phase Phase Descriptions Checking of Allow assessor to determine the compliances of Construction the establishment of OSH programme and Occupational Safety activities. These inspections shall be carried out on five high risk areas within site and this area will be decided by assessor and will be discussed with principal contractor prior to select these high areas. Employees interview Employee shall be randomly selected from all levels and occupation so that they could be interviewed by an assessor using established standard questionnaire. This assessment might be provide the assessor with the valuable visual comparison evidence on the COSH programme implementation. In this phase. The structure questions . Figure 2.3 Assessment approach Assessment will be carried out in three phases as shown in Table 2.5.3 Site or workplace This phase contain 62 questions and contribute inspections 40% from overall SHASSIC mark (100).2.17 2. Table 2. Contributes 40% from total overall and Health and record marks and contain 46 questions as show in keeping. 3 .8. 2. Basic formulas for respective component weigthage are: Mark scored Document Check = Total no of ‘C’ x 40% Mark scored Workplace inspection = Total no of ‘C’ x 40% Mark scored Employees interview = Total no of ‘C’ x 20% Total mark from three components shall justify the ranking stars awarded ranges from 1 star to 5 stars as shown in table 2.18 for category B show in Figure 2.6 and Category C.4 SHASSIC Assessment The proportion for safety and health performance are allocated in accordance to these components. NA for not applicable and NC for not comply. ten numbers of workers from various trades need to answer these questionnaires. All the questionnaire will be answer by tick one of the column contain C for comply. Document Check and Workplace Inspection (40%) and Employees interview (20%). 3: Ranking of star for total marks .19 Table 2. 1: Flow of SHASSIC YES .20 START DOCUMENT NO CHECK YES POINT NUMBER OF CHECK x 40% WORKPLACE INSPECTION CHECK NO EMPLOYEE INTERVIEW NO POINT CHECK NO YES POINT NUMBER OF CHECK x TOTAL POINT IN PERCENT STAR DEPENDS ON PERCENT FINISH Figure 2. ASSESSOR ANNEX A DOCUMENT CHECKS 47 QUESTIONS 40% ANNEX B WORKPLACE INSPECTION 5 HIGH RISK AREAS 58 QUESTIONS 40% Figure 2.2: Structure Questions of SHASSIC ANNEX C EMPLOYEES INTERVIEW 10 NO OF WORKERS ARE INVOLVED CATEGORY A MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL 12 QUESTIONS CATEGORY B SAFETY AND HEALTH PERSONNEL OR SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE MEMBERS 6 QUESTIONS CATEGORY C WORKERS 30 QUESNTIONS 20% . 3 : Structure of document check in SHASSIC TRAINING&PROMOTION 8 QUESTIONS EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN 4 QUESTIONS .ANNEX A DOCUMENT CHECKS OSH POLICY 6 QUESTIONS OSH ORGANISATION 11 QUESTIONS MACHINERY MANAGEMENT 7 QUESTIONS HIRARC 6 QUESTIONS MATERIAL MANAGEMENT 5 QUESTIONS Figure 2. 4 : Structure of workplace inspection in SHASSIC ACCESS/EGRESS 1 QUESTION .ANNEX B WORKPLACE INSPECTION MACHINERY 4 QUESTIONS SCAFFOLD 11 QUESTIONS VENTILATION 1 QUESTION FIRE PROTECTION 2 QUESTIONS SIGNAGES 4 QUESTIONS HOUSEKEEPING 3 QUESTIONS PPE 11 QUESTIONS NOTICES 4 QUESTIONS ILLUMINATION/LIGHTING 1 QUESTION BARRICATION FOR HAZARD AREA 2 QUESTIONS Figure 2. Continue ANNEX B WORKPLACE INSPECTION SUITABLE WORKING TOOLS 1 QUESTION ELECTRICAL CABLE 1 QUESTION SAFETY POLICY 1 QUESTION PREVENTION OF FALLING OBJECTS 3 QUESTIONS PERIMETER HOADING 1 QUESTION TOILET FIRST AID BOX 1 QUESTION ** Five high risk areas within the site as determined by the assessor HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE 2 QUESTIONS VEHICULAR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT 3 QUESTIONS DESIGNATED REST AREA WATER PONDING 1 QUESTION . ANNEX C (1) EMPLOYEES INTERVIEW MANAGEMENT PERSONNEL OSH POLICY 2 QUESTIONS OSH ORGANISATION 2 QUESTIONS MATERIAL MANAGEMENT 2 QUESTIONS HIRARC 3 QUESTIONS EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS TRAINING&PROMOTION ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION&REPORTING 2 QUESTIONS ** One number of management personnel Figure 2.5: Structure of employee interview (management personnel) in SHASSIC . ANNEX C (2) EMPLOYEES INTERVIEW SAFETY&HEALTH PERSONNEL OSH POLICY 1 QUESTION OSH ORGANISATION 2 QUESTIONS TRAINING&PROMOTION 2 QUESTIONS ** Three numbers of safety and health personnel and OSH Committee Figure 2.6: Structure of employee interview (OSH Personnel) in SHASSIC EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 1 QUESTION . 7: Structure of employee interview (workers) in SHASSIC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION& REPORTING 2 QUESTIONS .ANNEX C (3) EMPLOYEES INTERVIEW WORKERS OSH POLICY 4 QUESTIONS MACHINERY&EQUIPMENT 3 QUESTIONS OSH ORGANISATION 6 QUESTIONS MATERIAL MANAGEMENT 2 QUESTIONS HIRARC 2 QUESTIONS TRAINING&PROMOTION 4 QUESTIONS EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS 7 QUESTIONS ** Ten Numbers of workers of various trade Figure 2. the literature review help to find the factor affecting safety and health performance in construction. It is usually an evaluate report information found in the literature related to one’s particular area study. journals. 3. For literature review. observation and analysis. this research get the information through review the literature. The factors will give the main point to produce the effective assessment system for safety and health in construction industry.2 LITERATURES REVIEW Literature review is an account of what has been published on a research area.1 INTRODUCTION This section discusses the methodology of the research.CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. SPMT had been selected as an international assessment to compare with . secondary data are used where the sources are from books. The previous research about safety and health assessment will be a reference to find the different element between SHASSIC and existing assessment so literature review very important to collect the information. internet and newspaper. For this research. The main objective of the research is to find the different between Safety and Health Assessment System in Construction by CIDB Malaysia with international safety assessment and to achieve the objective. 4 INTERVIEWS In many instances. Information about important of assessment also need to proof that through the assessment construction workers will be protect from risk and hazard. . there are a lot of opinions that can not be collect through questionnaires. The document will be used as a resource to find the advantages and disadvantages of SHASSIC elements. interview will be done with three construction companies to get their opinion about SHASSIC. Checklist of SPMT also will be study to find out the element and compare it with SHASSIC elements. 3. assessment approach.29 SHASSIC and all the information about SPMT will be found using secondary data. For this research.3 DOCUMENT STUDY For document study. Checklist of SHASSIC will be use as questionnaire and the employer and staff will be interview to share some opinion about SHASSIC. document about SHASSIC will be used to study the element of this assessment. The information will be use as a guide to improve SHASSIC and to get the advantages and disadvantages of the assessment. 3. Some of valuable information of topic related to the respondents’ feelings and beliefs usually come direct from the mouth of the individuals through interviews. checklist and assessor guide. The document contain the objective of SHASSIC. Interview is two way communications which permits an exchange of ideas and information. .30 3.5 Data Analysis All the information about the elements between SHASSIC and SPMT will be compiled to analyze and find whether both assessment had a different or not and find the reason of the result. SPMT and existing assessment will be compared to find the different. The factors affecting safety and health that account in SHASSIC. The result from the interview and site assessment will be used as data and will be analyzed to know the contractor respond and opinion about SHASSIC. all employers should develop and publish a statement setting out their intention with regard to protecting the safety and health of their employees. a safety and health policy should contain the following aspects: .CHAPTER 4 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION 4. In general. This document shall be dated and signed by the top management of the company and made known to and observed by all employees of the company irrespective of whether at the site office. the result of this study will be discussed in detail. 4. to promote and maintain high standard of safety and health at the work place all the time. The policy statement of safety should be made known to all employees either by displaying it on notice board or by giving each employee a personal copy. One of SHASSIC and SPMT element is Occupational Safety and Health Policy whereas policy must be a written statement by a contractor to confirm the commitment of the company. where the policy statement shall be displayed at a prominent location.1 Introduction In this chapter.1 Policy Statement According to Davies and Tomasin (1996).2.2 Elements in SHASSIC and SPMT 4. branch office or head office. regulation.2 . laws and acts pertaining to OSH iii. All persons involved in a construction project shall comply with rules.32 i.2 Safety and Health Organization Structure Based on CIDB (2008) a typical company wide Safety and Health Organizational Structure and typical Project Site Safety and Health Organization Structure areas shown in figure 4.2.1 and figure 4. ii. Employees’ cooperation and participation on the collective safety and health efforts is important for accomplishing the objective of safety and health plan. All construction companies shall be develop suitable OSH management system to enhance effectiveness of the safety and health plan 4. 33 CHAIRMAN TOP MANAGEMENT SAFETY&HEALTH OFFICER SECRETARY HEAD OF PROJEC DEPARTMENT AS MEMBERS SITE SAFETY COMMITTEE Figure 4.1: Head Office Safety and Health Committee . Project Manager should be a chairman for the meeting while Safety and Health Officer as a secretary. Construction project more than RM 20M mandatory to hire Safety and Health Officer to observe safety and health at workplace and ensure all safety and health requirement practice and implement at construction site.2: Site Safety and Health Committee Safety and Health Committee (SHC) includes all level of personnel and in both assessment. Both assessments contain the elements of SHC which during employees’ interview. the employees shall explain about the person who has been appointed to oversee the safety at site. Refer to OSHA 1994. . workers will be asked about SHC responsibilities in construction site. The assessment also focus about SHC meeting and document of SHC shall have the responsibilities all level of personnel in SHC. visit workplace to conduct safety and health training and weekly tool box talk. In OSHA 1994. all committee might be represented by two employers and two employees’ representative.34 CHAIRMAN PROJECT MANAGER SAFETY&HEALTH OFFICER SECRETARY COMMITTEE MEMBERS Employers Representative CLIENT Representative Employees Representative MAIN CONTRACTOR Representative Employees Representative SUB CONTRACTOR Representative Figure 4. For this reason. Emergency responses systems v. skilled and well trained workers still cannot know the particular hazards and not familiar with problems of construction project. so far as is practicable. SHO or Supervisor shall conduct the site induction based on the site requirements. According to Kunju (2000).2. New workers need a chance to get their bearings and learn some of the basic requirement early on. management must treat every employee as a new even if the person has worked for the company or the site manager before. Training for high risk jobs vi. Risk assessment training . incident and near misses iv. Section 15 (b) all employees shall be provided with the relevant information. Training for handling hazardous materials vii. According to Levitt (1993).3 Training and Promotion Based on OSHA 1994. Pre audit training iii. (CIDB. 2008) All construction personnel as stated in CIDB Green Card Programme Circular No 1/2001 shall attend a SH induction course to obtain CIDB ‘greed card’ or National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) attendance certificate before starting employment at site. management might to provide refresher training when necessary and carry out evaluations after a training session to ensure understanding of training. Selected members are required to go for First Aid Courses. Training of reporting accident. The training or course shall be provided are: i. instruction training and supervision as is necessary to ensuring. the safety and health at work. Committee members of the Safety and Health Committee should be well versed with the OSHA 1994. Induction training ii.35 4. Employees shall be selected to undergo training in the course of implementing the project. Management staff should be invited to attend Safety and Health Management course. 5 Material Safety and Health Data Sheet CSDS/MSDS is the acronym for material and chemical safety data sheet that use in SHASSIC and SPMT use MSHDS but it bring the same element in both assessment. thereby increasing efficiency of operating. Hazardous ingredients . In SHASSIC and SPMT. Chemical identity ii. The safety officer must maintain the manual and be responsible for acquiring and updating the MSDS/MSHDS. statistical reports. Safe Operation Procedure and competency certificates for crane operators are available also operators are adequately trained to comply assessment checklist 4. placed at the site entrance and changed at least fortnightly. MSDS/MSHDS will provide employee the specific information on chemicals and material that come in contact with during the course of their employment. Where. booklets. posters. The operational Plant and Machinery checklist shall be maintained by the operator to ensure that all the safety and health requirement are complied with. Any unsafe condition must be corrected before continuing any works. magazines and newsletters can be used effectively to promote health and safety and also both supplement and reinforce other promotional activities. Kunju (1999) discusses the data sheet shall contain the following information: i.36 Printed materials such as bulletins. must be seen by everyone on site at least once a day. In SHASSIC.2. this element use Factories and Machinery Act 1967 as a reference where from section 14 and 18 states that all machinery used at site shall be service and properly maintained. Signs board also one of the ways to promote the safety and health in site.4 Machinery and Equipment Management According to Civitello (1998) by following simple rules of observation and reasonable care will reduce equipment down time. 4. All signs and guarding must follow standard codes and colours coding. all machinery must have machinery and equipment servicing and maintenance records.2. 37 iii. Physical and chemical characteristics iv. Fire and explosion hazard data v. ecological information. Packaging and Labeling of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulation 1997. regulation 9. disposal information. Control measures As additional information. . Reactivity data vi. from OSH (Classification. Precautions for safe handling and use viii. transport information and date of preparation of the data sheet. Health hazard vii. the data sheet shall contain first aid measures. fire and bomb threats. property damage accident. it use OSH (Notification of Accident Dangerous Occurrence. CIDB (2008) and HSE (1996) provide the following aspects for emergency response plan: i. police station. Occupational Poisoning . public demonstration.2. According to Kunju (1999). RIDDOR relates to all accident occurring in any employment in UK and lay down details of reporting and recording (Ridley 1994). Location of vehicle for emergency transportation of injured persons to the nearest hospital This emergency response plan of the project site shall be made known to all employees during the safety and health meeting and tool box meeting and shall be displayed at prominent places 4. Location of First Aid Box vi.2. Location of the nearest hospital and fastest route to be taken iii. Types of emergency are accident involving serious injury or death. For SHASSIC.6 Emergency response plan Each project site must have a suitable written emergency response plan to handle emergencies that may happen anytime and anywhere at the project site (Manual. Route of emergency evacuation and escape iv. emergency procedure must be planned before worked commences such that general precautions are in place from the start.7 Accident and Incident Investigation Report The requirements for the reporting of accident in all areas of employments are defined in the Reporting of Injuries. 2008). Made under Section 15 of the HSWA. Disease and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations (RIDDOR 1995).38 4. SPMT expects the company to inform all personnel about the system for reporting of accident and incident. Important telephone numbers such as fire station. hospital and names of responsible person to be contacted ii. Location of safe place to assemble during emergency v. Employers are responsible to ensure that minimum requirements for a safe working environment must be met on all construction sites regardless of the size. component of workplace inspection contain sub element of access where access must be provided and maintained also free from obstruction. Each workplace should also be free from obstruction. Therefore. Both assessments take into account this elements but in SHASSIC. Managers have to make sure that the talks are directed towards the work to be undertaken and the right kind of toolbox talks can make a vital difference in safety performance.2. without undue bending or stretching. Workplace should be arranged.2. toolbox talks is sub element of training and promotion 4. ventilation.8 Tool box Talks Tool box talks as discussed in Kunju (1999) is one type of meeting. The worker should be at suitable height in relation to the work surface and work materials and frequently used equipment or control should be within easy reach. so that effective measures can be taken to prevent the recurrence of the same type of accidents (CIDB.9 Safety working environment Safety working environment is establish a safe and effective working environment as regulated by the legislation. each task can be carried out safely and comfortably. warning and sign and suitable welfare facilities. In SHASSIC. Toolbox talks are two ways interchange between workers and employers where it will be provide information about how to implement the task. Meanwhile in both assessment take into account about providing proper illumination.2008) 4. which site managers should consider as part of the job site communication system. .39 and Occupational Disease) as references where Project Manager and Safety Officer or Site Safety Supervisor shall review the accident report and investigate the cause of accident. Management must keep the medical information of all personnel. Regardless of the number of employees provision should made for every employee to have reasonably rapid access to first aid. .40 4.2. This information is conveyed during the induction training at the beginning of the appointment on the jobsite.10 Proper Health Care Section 15(2) (e) of OSHA 1994 require employers to provide an adequate and proper facilities for employees welfare at work. The proper First Aid box must be provided. workers also will be asked the knowledge about emergency contact number to ensure it provide by the employers. In this case. the employer has a duty to provide adequate health care for all employees on site. For both assessments. Questions regarding health care are contain in both assessment which in SHASSIC it is one of element in workplace inspection component for visually inspection to make sure the First Aid provided in construction site. accident and investigation reporting and record management and performance monitoring. MSHDS and sample of work permits for high risk jobs with 14 total questions. It shows. working area. safety and health organization. material management.2 Differences element between SHASSIC and SPMT Even both assessments have the same component. Accident and incident reports. SPMT have simple questions and only cover safety policy. welfare facilities and working tools will be ask in employee interview. SPMT more conscious on employee interview which is more questions such as housekeeping. emergency response plan. The questions of SPMT and SHASSIC for document check component already compress in table 4. In table 4. In this case. some elements in each component are difference. SHASSIC contain 63 numbers of questions which cover safety policy. All of the elements will be discuss in next subtopic in this research. SPMT focus more to employee knowledge regarding safety and health in construction site. SHASSIC have 62 items identified for inspection for this component and it shall be carried out at five highly risk areas within a site. ventilation.1 consist the questions of workplace inspection for both assessments. machinery management.41 4. toolbox talk record. each element will be checked in detail by assessor while SPMT just focus it in general. HIRARC. Even SHASSIC and SPMT use this component but there have a different between both assessments. notice. training and promotion. In SHASSIC. .2. illumination and lighting. While in document check. health and safety plan. 1: Comparison between SHASSIC and SPMT elements (Workplace Inspection) Element Machinery SHASSIC a) Fitness Certificate (PMA) SPMT a) Only trained and skilled b) Fitness Certificate (PMT) operator are allowed to c) Machinery maintenance tagging handle machinery d) Condition of machinery Scaffold a) Sitting on firm ground b) Horizontal Braces c) Diagonal Braces d) Cross Braces e) Wall Ties f) Access g) Stepladder railing h) Catwalks/Working platform i) Toes Board j) Scaffold Tag k) Condition of scaffold Colour code a) Mandatory for signages b) Prohibition c) Warning d) Safe Notices a) ER Safe Escape Route b) Assembly Area c) Emergency Contact Numbers d) Project Sign Board Ventilation a) Comply as good condition a) Comply as good condition Housekeeping a) Site cleanliness b) Materials arrangement c) orderly d) Rubbish bins Illumination a) Comply in good condition a) Comply in good condition .42 Table 4. 43 and Lighting Fire protection a) Portable fire extinguisher Easily accessible b) Dry riser Personnel a) Safety Hard Hat/Safety Protective b) helmet Equipment c) Safety Foot Gears d) Hand protection/hand gloves a) All personnel wear it voluntary b) All personnel use only steel toed shoes of safety boots e) Eye protection/safety c) All personnel use right PPE f) glasses/goggle d) All PPE must suits the g) Fall Arresters wearer in term of size and h) SCBA height i) Face Shield e) Personnel to return used or j) Hearing protection damaged PPE and received a k) Protective clothing (chemical) re issue l) Respirator m)Dust Mask f) Management to ensure that safety shields and guards are in place and secured prior to commencement of equipment operations Barrication a) Floor/Wall Opening for Hazard b) Edges Area c) Trench/pits Access/egress a) Access must be free from any obstruction Suitable working tools a) Equipments used by workers are of the right tool of the job Electrical a) Unsafe act Safety b) Unsafe condition Preventation a) Catch platform of Falling b) Safety net object c) Perimeter net Safety Policy a) Available in site a) All tools and equipment in good condition a) Availability . 44 Perimeter a) Should be comply Hoarding Vehicular a) Advanced warning sign Traffic b) Channelizing device Management c) Flag man Welfare a) Sanitation facilities b) Toilet a) Sufficient and suitable welfare facilities c) Rest Area Water ponding a) Observe for availability of pools of water/inclusive of all potential mosquitoes breeding point Training and promotion a) Indentify who attend induction training b) Safety poster using simple language c) At least one safety poster at entrance . The workplace SHC is established? 4. MD. OSH responsibilities are 1. PD or PM 5. Updated safety document 2. Committee composition is as per the provision of statutory requirement? 5. COO. There is a written corporate or project OSH Policy Statement 2. Safety policy endorsed by board of directors Bahasa Malaysia 3.2: Comparison between SHASSIC and SPMT (Document Check) Indication Safety Policy SHASSIC Questions 1.45 Table 4. Attendance record for meeting with effectively communicated supervisor and to all levels? specialist contractors 3. The OSH Policy is visibly displayed 6. There is OSH Policy Statement written in SPMT Questions 1. Members of the Committee are officially appointed? 6. There is OSH Policy Statement written in English 4. The OSH Policy is signed by the current CEO. OSH responsibilities are clearly stated for all levels? 2. Minutes of meeting with supervisor 2. Regular meeting minimum one in every . The OSH is dated OSH Organization 1. 46 three months of the Committee is held? 7. Work Permit for high risk job . Committee carried out site inspection minimum one in every three months. Committee minute of meetings are safely retained? 8. There is Construction Competent Safety and Health Officer(CSHO) appointed. HIRARC are incorporated in Safety Induction Training module? 5. There is Site Safety Supervisor appointed 11. HIRARC procedure is available 2. Designated Persons are assigned for respective work Risk 1. HIRARC covered all work activities. 9. 10. HIRARC are continuously updated and maintained? 4. Workplace SH Committee is 1. 3. There is safety & health campaign held by the management? 7. The Schedule Inspection 1. Record of tool box talks . Availability of OSH Training Program 2. Training record for all personnel 2.47 involved in the development of HIRARC? Training and Promotion 1. Work place OSH committee is involved as the key player in OSH promotion program? 8. There is OSH Induction Training conducted 3. Promoting OSH by audio video is being practiced? 6. The OSH Competition and Incentive are considered as one of the tools in OSH Promotional activities? Machinery and Management 1. The operators are adequately trained 3. Tool Box meeting is conducted regularly? 5. Safe Work Practices incorporated in site OSH Training Program 4. The availability of valid Certificate of Fitness 2. Master copy of MHSDS . The availability of Hazardous Materials Register List 2. The availability of hazardous materials Safe Handling. The availability of Material/Chemical safety data sheet (MSDS) 4. The Owner/Operation manual or specification kept 6.48 of machinery & equipment is conducted 4. The machinery and equipment servicing and maintenance records available 5. The competent certificate for cranes operators available? Material Management 1. The availability of NonHazardous Materials Register List 3. Storage and Transportation Procedure? 1. Safe operation procedures (SOP) available? 7. 49 5. and Protection Plan 4. The availability of Emergency Response Plan (ERP) 2. The accident investigation was performed by a competent team . The availability of Emergency recovery plan Accident 1. Availability of Investigation and Accident Investigation Accident and incident Reporting and Reporting Procedure report 2. The availability of Fire Prevention 3. The availability of waste material management procedures Emergency Response Plan 1. The availability of 1. The team has been trained for Accident Investigation and Reporting 4. The availability of Emergency Response Plan in regard to chemical spillage emergency 5. The responsibilities of those involved in accident investigation and reporting are clearly stated 3. A responsible person is assigned to manage OSH records and documentations 3. All kinds of incidents are reported and recorded accordingly 8. All accident investigation are carried out and documented 6. The recommended corrective and preventive measures are implemented accordingly 7. The relevant OSH records are maintained .50 5. All reportable incidents are accordingly reported to the nearest Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia office by the fastest means available Record Management 1. There is a master register/list of current OSH related records available and maintained at site and office 4. There written OSH and Performance Record Management Monitoring Procedure available 2. manufacturer-fitness certificate are easily accessible 8. safe work procedure. workplace inspection reports. The OSH records such as HIRARC records. The OSH records are securely stored 7. machinery’s. audit reports. minutes of meeting. The OSH Performance Measurement Monitoring Procedure established and maintained 9. The performance measurement monitoring report and findings are reviewed by the senior management .51 5. The circulation and movement of these records are controlled by responsible person 6. Conduct investigation on all reports v.1 Near miss reporting System A near miss is a situation where the sequence of events that could have caused an accident if it has not been interrupted. Any near miss incident.52 4.3. Train personnel to report details iii. Report analysis for the investigation vi. All near miss situations must be investigated and it is here that management is able to improve the situation and make it safer. but rather to find the cause and to prevent reoccurrence. In SPMT this element is stress and the minimum requirements for this element are: i. must be reported to the management. Review repeated occurrences 4. Record all reporting iv. Certificates of Fitness and Inspection) Regulation 1970. All personnel must be informed of the outcome of any investigation and all actions taken to make a situation safer must be highlighted. Communicate reporting procedures to all personnel ii.3. Such machinery must be accompanied with a valid certificate of fitness in the form of Pendaftaran Mesin Angkat (PMA) or Pendaftaran Mesin Tekanan (PMT) number as issued by DOSH . The requirement of registering machinery is spelt out on Regulation 10 of the Factories and Machinery (Notification. no matter how slight.2 Registration of Machineries SHASSIC stress this sub element under Machinery and Equipment element but it not stress in SPMT. except for manually driven one. Machinery that requires a Certificate of Fitness includes all unfired pressure vessel and hoisting machines. The management must emphasis that all reporting of near misses is not to find fault or to place blame on anyone. The management should inform all personnel on site about the company near miss reporting system. It is the responsibilities of employers to ensure the appropriateness and adequacy of equipment. Following is list of PPE in SHASSIC workplace inspection: i. Refer to element in workplace component. jackets. Glasses/goggle vii. Safety Foot Gears iv. The usual PPE used at construction sites comprises of hard hats. It becomes the duty of employers to determine the site rules for a construction site and in the rules it can stipulate the minimum requirements for PPE. Fall Arresters viii. SPMT only identified in general working area and does not looking for detail assessment for each of the element. safety boots. Eye protection/safety vi. Face Shield x.53 4. for SHASSIC the element of PPE will be checked quite detail compared to SPMT.3 Personnel Protective Equipment PPE is applicable to occupational exposures where protective equipment is required and supplied by an employer. Safety Hard Hat/Safety ii. The advantage of SHASSIC is when the checklist has all of the PPE. Hearing protection xi. SCBA ix. In workplace inspection. Hand protection/hand gloves v. therefore it easy for assessor to detect their weakness in term of PPE.3. Helmet iii. gloves and eye protectors that must be suited with the nature of the job being carried out by the workers. The employers must ensure that his site rules are being followed and he has to monitor and review safety on site. OSHA clearly stated that the duty to issue PPE rests with the employer or self employed person. Protective clothing (chemical) . 54 xii. risks arising from hazard and eliminate. together with the project wide health and safety arrangements to be made by those who have designed and managed the design to date. pre tender risk assessment is the one of it element.3. Respirator xiii. The purpose of this plan is to inform prospective contractors of the unusual design hazards.4 Risk assessment In Construction Design and Management (CDM) Regulations 1994 require designer to identify hazards. It also contains construction risk assessment and this element stress on availability of risk assessment report and knowledge of the employee regarding the report. the pre tender health and safety plan will be reviewed. The requirement is pre tender health and safety plan shall communicate to prospective specialist contractors where pre tender risk assessment should be carried out during pre contract. . reduce or control the risks they have created. During interview session in SPMT. The pre tender plan should contain comprehensive information about unusual risks contained in design to the extent they may not be readily apparent in the tender arrangements or similar proposal to a competent principal contractor. In SPMT. Dust Mask 4. The design risk assessment information is presented under the pre-tender Health and Safety Plan. Every component in SHASSIC contains this element where it covers availability of HIRARC document in site. Identify all the factors that may cause harm to employees and others (the hazards) ii.3.classify work activities. . From DOSH. HIRARC also must be covered all work activities and the document of it continuously updated and maintained. identify hazard. purposes of HIRARC are as follows:- i. SHASSIC contain HIRARC where acronym for Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control. Enable employers to plan.5 HIRARC If SPMT have pre tender risk assessment. Consider what the chances are of that harm actually be falling anyone in the circumstances of a particular case and the possible severity that could come from it (the risks) iii. conduct risk assessment and decide if risk is tolerable and apply control measures. introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensure that the risks are adequately controlled at all times Process of HIRARC requires four simple steps .55 4. 56 Figure 4. 2008) .3: Flowchart of HIRARC process (Adopted from DOSH. site management.57 4. v. This is very important to increase safety performance in site to reduce number of accident.3. It also will be use to identify training need and weakness of the construction site. Kunju (1999) state. Validation audits are concerned with both the scope of an audit and its design focus upon such matter as whether the right kind of sub systems and components are being adopted. site operatives and specialist sub contractors.3. Safety audit is very important to measure safety performance and provide an indication of safety priorities. In SPMT. Safety audit on specific topic ii. several questions regarding safety audit will ask to head quarter management. site supervisor. The site technical audits are designed to established whether the range of relevant health and safety legal requirements have been complied with by the organization iv. Plant technical audits involve an in depth review of all plant and process carried out by specialist staff iii. 4. particularly when work with a foreseeable high hazard content. Management safety audit are typically carried out annually and usually cover general matter involving local staff and perhaps specialist auditing staff as well. There are six types of safety audit: i. In this assessment. Permit to work is essentially a document that sets out the work to be done and precaution to be taken. auditing provides management with further information on compliance with standard.7 Safety Audit Davies and Tomasin (1996) state safety audit will be evident that the safety appraisal is meaningless if actions required are not carried out. damage to plant. premises and product. all .6 Permit to work system This element contain in SPMT and it about a formal control system designed to prevent accidental injury to personnel. With multi background of construction workers.8 Colour Code for Signages Colour code for signages is the element in component of workplace inspection in SHASSIC. The assessor must do visually inspection to make sure the sign use the appropriate colour code.58 respondent will be asked whether they participate in safety audit and attend training for safety audit or not. 4. One of arrangements of mechanism that could be utilized in or to comply with the above mentioned legal provisions is by providing and maintaining suitable and adequate safety signs. The knowledge about frequency of carrying out safety audit and content of it also consist in this assessment check list. While in Section 17(2) of the same act define responsibilities of occupier of a work place to provide information to other persons such as visitor. In SHASSIC standard colour of signages are the sub elements of this assessment which is the assessor must be visually inspection to make sure the sign us the appropriate colour code as in table 4. SHASSIC take it as important parts in site safety where it stresses in Section 15(2) (c) of OSHA 1994 require employers and self employed person to provide information and instruction to the employee. safety signs play vital role in disseminating information and instruction to the workers and others.3 .3. 3 Safety Colour Code for Signages Safety Meaning of Purpose Example of Use Mandatory Action Mandatory signs Colour Blue Obligation to wear PPE Red Prohibition Stop Signs Identification and colour of emergency shutdown device Yellow Green Warning Sign.59 Table 4. Risk and Indication of hazard Danger Warning signs Safe condition Identification of safety shower. First Aids Posts and rescue points Emergency exit signs . Whatever the level of work is. Safety documents are required by the Construction Design Management Regulation 1994 and aim to ensure that all relevant information regarding the project is available during the pre construction phase.60 4. From here the successful contractor will have to prepare a construction health and safety plan for the project.10 Scaffold Scaffold is extra element in SHASSIC which in part of workplace inspection. the management has to ensure the entire safety document whether the HQ management of from the site management must be updated when necessary.3. The main hazards associated with scaffolding are the following: i. The collapsed scaffold causing damage to adjacent property or to the structure associated with the scaffold. The relevant authorities must communicate any change to any documents as soon as possible.9 Up to date safety document SPMT assume it is essential for the management convey the entire relevant safety document to the respective personnel communication taking place during both the pre construction and construction phase.3. The scaffold or part of it collapsing and throwing people from the working platform iv. . In construction industry perhaps the most common way of providing a place to carry out work at height is by means of a scaffold. People below the working platform being struck by material falling or being thrown from it iii. People falling from the working platforms ii. For the example. 4. scaffold will be check by SHASSIC assessor to ensure the condition of the scaffold comply regulation which it is in good and safe condition. pre tender health and safety plan for the appointment contractor must be up dated to help the prospective contractor know the risk involved with the project. All the respective personnel need to gather the right safety document before proceeding with the task. ii. limit sign. direction arrow. 2008). reflectors and etc). That means. This is important to ensure that only those specialist contractors who put safety as a high priority are employed by management. formal safety . The three sub element should be complies which are advanced warning such as safe and warning signages (Detour. In SPMT. The passage of vehicle across footpaths is to be supervised to remove danger to the public iii.3. barrier. the planning of temporary traffic management system should include a detailed consideration of traffic guidance system to warn. 4. Road works can pose a variety of hazards to people in the vicinity of work. guide and instruct road users and protect workers and should also consider pedestrian activity (CIDB. signs or traffic lights are used to stop the public passing under suspended load.12 Choosing competent specialist contractors The specialist contractor will contribute to improvement of safety performance. The specialist contractor also must demonstrate that they have proof of their own safety documentation such as accountability for accident.11 Traffic Management In principal. Flagmen.3. channelizing device and flag available with proper attires and flag. HQ management will be asked whether prospective specialist contractors required submit health and safety competent records at the pretender stage or not. safety training. it should take steps to ensure that: i. In SHASSIC element of traffic management content three sub element which in visually inspection. Occupiers of the work place have a legal responsibility to ensure that nothing the workers do will endanger members of the public by any action. Pedestrian detours are clearly defined and pedestrians protected from the dangers of road traffic when using any detour.61 4. supervisors. The formal approach is through a hotline such as suggestion box and forms or site canteen. checklist contain frequency of meeting. specialist contractors and whenever possible the representative HQ (Jannadi. Safety meeting should be conduct at least once a week with management parties including site management team. .14 Safety Meeting with supervisor and specialist contractor Meeting allowed different supervisors group to gather and discuss safety matter with the managers. SPMT have questions regarding this element which is containing in employee interview (Kunju. 1999) 4. 1996). This is the way to propose suggestion and planning regarding the project. SPMT concerned about safety meeting where in this assessment.13 Suggestions system Suggestions or comments from workers are an excellent idea and can be achieved through a suggestion system which can be informal or formal in approach. All suggestion requires follow up action in order to encourage future suggestions for safety and other work improvements.62 programmes and safety meeting to determine whether the specialist contractor’s management has established a system under which supervisors at all level are held accountable for their subordinates’ accidents. prove of meeting attendance and topic have discuss during meeting with supervisor and specialist contractor. Management should have good communication at all level on project such as visibly reward those who have creative new idea.3. The informal approach is through direct contact and verbal communications and can be done either by the person or through a team leader or union leader.3. 4. Highest numbers of the elements compare to SHASSIC just because the purposed of this assessment is to develop better measurement tool compare to . It was found that they did not cover all elements in SHASSIC. In SPMT. In this last chapter. 22 numbers of elements include in the checklist.CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5. 2. All of these components will help to indicate the weakness of construction site to improve and take necessary corrective action on OSH performance and management at site. this study will be concluding and recommendation will be discuss in detail. 5. SHASSIC deliver the questions in simple way because it is just preliminary assessment before apply for OHSAS certificated. There are 16 numbers of elements in SHASSIC. It is because objective of SHASSIC is to ensure contractor can achieve at least minimum level of safety and health performance in construction site.1 INTRODUCTION SHASSIC and SPMT use three components to measure safety performance which are: a) Document check to indicate system continuity b) Workplace inspection to verify implementation and effectiveness c) Employees interview to verify comprehension of the safety system.2 Conclusion 1. 3. the questions in SPMT more comprehensive compare to SHASSIC. There are eight numbers of elements which are including in SPMT but do not apply in SHASSIC.64 current safety measurement tools. Therefore. On the other hand. only three extra questions apply in SHASSIC but do not stressed in SPMT . 1: Summary of Elements in SHASSIC and SPMT No. Elements 1 Near miss reporting system 2 Machineries registration 3 Personnel Protective Equipment 4 Risk Assessment and Hazard Identification 5 Permit to work system 6 Safety Audit 7 Colour code of signages 8 Up to date safety document 9 Traffic Management 10 Choosing competent specialist contractors 11 Suggestion system 12 Safety Policy 13 Safety and Health Organization Structure 14 Plant and Machinery Inspection 15 Training and Promotion 16 Machinery and equipment Management 17 Material Safety and Health Data Sheet 18 Emergency Response Plan 19 Accident Investigation and Reporting System 20 Toolbox Talks 21 Safety Working Environment 22 Proper health care 23 Meeting with specialist contactor and Supervisor 24 Communication 25 Motivation SHASSIC SPMT .65 Table 5. . b) Elements in SHASSIC should be update. Especially in Accident and Incident Reporting.3 Recommendation for Future Research All difference between both assessments should be merging each other to make it as a perfect assessment. 5. For this research.4 Recommendation for CIDB Malaysia a) Developed electronic system via web which is online assessment suggests for CIDB action to improve efficiency of SHASSIC. b) The new model of proactive assessment tool should be developed better than SHASSIC and SPMT with refer to all elements that have been merged in this research to improve safety and health performance in construction industry. some recommendations are list as following: a) Combination of SHASSIC and SPMT elements need further investigation to developed more comprehensive and practical assessment. even near misses reporting is under this element but it will be better if near miss reporting include in the checklist as a sub element of Accident and Incident Reporting to make it clear as important part in safety and health performance.66 5. Improvement of the elements is important to ensure it will be better than existing elements in both assessments. 67 REFERENCES 1. 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