NayanarsThis article is about Shaivite poets of Tamil Nadu. For he created the Tirutotanar Tiruvanthathi (also known as the ethnic group, see Nayanar (Nair subcaste). Tirutoṇṭar Antādi, lit. Necklace of Verses on the Lord’s The Nayanars (alt. Nayanmars, Tamil: நாயன்மார்கள், Servants), which consisted of 89 verses, with a verse devoted to each of the saints. With the addition of Sundarar and his parents to the sequence, this became the canonical list of the 63 saints.[5] In the 12th century, Sekkizhar added a twelfth volume to the Tirumurai called Periya Puranam in which he expands further on the stories of each of 63 Nayanars.[3][2][1] The Nayanars were from various backgrounds, including Channars, Vellalas, oilmongers, Brahmins, and nobles.[1] Along with the twelve Vaishnava Alvars, they are regarded the important saints from Tamil Nadu. Statues of the three foremost Nayanars with Manikkavacakar – collectively called the Nalvars: (from left) Sambandar, Appar, Sundarar, Manikkavacakar. 2 List of Nayanars lit. “hounds of Siva”, later “teachers of Siva”)[1] were a group of 63 saints (also saint poets) in the 6th to 8th century who were devoted to the Hindu god Shiva in Tamil Nadu. They, along with the Alvars, influenced the Bhakti movement in Tamil.[2] The names of the Nayanars were first compiled by Sundarar. The list was expanded by Nambiyandar Nambi during his compilation of material by the poets for the Tirumurai collection, and would include Sundarar himself and Sundarar’s parents. 1 History The list of the Nayanars was initially compiled by Sundarar (Sundararmurthi). In his poem, Tiruthonda Thogai, he sings, in eleven verses, the names of the Nayanar saints up to Karaikkal Ammeiyar,[2][3] and refers to himself as “the servant of servants”.[4] The list did not go into the detail of the lives of the saints, which were described in detail in works such as Tevaram.[5] The 63 Nayanmars in a Shiva temple Sundarar’s original list of Nayanars did not follow any sequence with regards to chronology or importance. However, some groups have since followed an order for arIn the 10th century, king Raja Raja Chola I collected ranging their Nayanar temple images according to Sunas well as the information from Nambi and Tevaram literature after hearing excerpts of the hymns darar’s poem [3][7] Sekkizhar. [6] in his court. His priest Nambiyandar Nambi began compiling the hymns into a series of volumes called the Tirumurai. He arranged the hymns of three saint poets Sambandar, Appar and Sundarar as the first seven 3 Other saints books which he called the Tevaram. He compiled Manikkavacakar's Tirukovayar and Tiruvacakam as the eighth book, the 28 hymns of nine other saints as the ninth 9th century poet Manikkavacakar was not counted as one book, the Tirumandiram of Tirumular and 40 hymns by of the 63 Nayanars but his works were part of the eighth 12 other poets as the tenth book. In the eleventh book, volume of the Tirumurai. 1 Sri Swami (1999). S. 31. Mahadevan. • Cort. Divine Life Society. A Social History of India. [7] Dehejia. APH. p. 6 External links • “63 Nayanmar Stories”. P. [6] Cutler. Vijaya (2007). Scarecrow Press. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 9788176481700. ISBN 3-447-01582-9. p. Songs of experience: the poetics of Tamil devotion. John E. (1998). ISBN 9780810864450. p. A History of Indian Literature.2 6 EXTERNAL LINKS [8] Das. 50. Retrieved 25 September 2014. Skanda Guru Natha.org. Kamil (1974). USA: Library of Congress Catalogingin-Publication-Data. 150-151. 130.). “Sixty-Three Nayanar Saints” (web ed. Open boundaries: Jain communities and culture in Indian history. Sisir Kumar (2005). [4] Ten saints of India By T. ISBN 0-7914-37868. . Shaivam. • A map of Nayanar temples Kannappa Nayanar 4 See also • Manikkavacakar • Tamil mythology • List of Dalit Hindu saints 5 References [1] Sadasivan. p. ISBN 9788126021710. 167. [3] Sivananda. (2000). page 35 [5] Zvelebil. Historical Dictionary of the Tamils. Albany: State University of New York Press. Sixty-Three Nayanars webpage. A History of Indian literature Vol. Norman (1987). 10 (Tamil Literature). p. M. Vidya. 500–1399: From Courtly to the Popular 6.N. ISBN 0-253-35334-3. “Introduction: The sacred sequence of the Sixty-Three Nayanars”. Otto Harrasowitz. [2] Ramaswamy. Otterpops.com/injamaven/NayakPalaceArtMuseumThanjavurTNINDIA1295203107#5452179882723147362 Original artist: http://picasaweb. SiteComing.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Nalvar. Sitush.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist: Ilya Mauter • File:Tripundra. Yogesh Khandke. Sofeeaa. Rsata. Amg5wg. Srini81. Eep². Leelakrishna86. Curiousones and Anonymous: 57 7. Priti. Iramuthusamy. LaaknorBot. Oombiar. Jdpasspawn. Brookie. CultureDrone. Auric. ZéroBot.wikimedia.com/profiles/trshash84 • File:Om.JPG License: CC BY-SA 3. SundarBot. Wiki alf. Cwobeel. Jenakarthik. Dthomsen8. GoingBatty.JPG Source: http://upload. Jaw52284. Beetstra. SteveM123.wikimedia. Cantivsto.0 Contributors: https: //picasaweb.shetty. Tkmvedhagiriswarar. Angelinaquins. Venu62. ArchPope Sextus VI. Gandeevan. Annietarenia. Spumuq. Redheylin. Omnipaedista. Aravind zoop. Kcsomisetty.google. TimBentley. Shash.google. B4upradeep. Ravichandar84. KyCode.org/wikipedia/en/8/8e/Om. Ayushkumar 0009.1 Text • Nayanars Source: http://en. Abecedare. Melakavijay. XLinkBot. Helpsome.2 Images • File:Kannappa.com/trshash84/Thirukkarugavur#5334400551337076962 Original artist: https://www. Dl2000. Ruby Murray. Original artist: The original uploader was Jagadeeswarann99 at Tamil Wikipedia 7. Citation bot. Kanatonian. 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