Nanotech Insights Vol 1 Issue 1 Inaugural Jan 2010

Editor-in-chief: G. Sundararajan Editors: Y. R. Mahajan S. V. Joshi Publicity and Marketing: H. Purushotham Editorial Assistance: P. Nagaraju Rao – Technical Ravi Kiran Devalla – Visualization & Design Editorial Office: Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience & Technology (CKMNT) 12-5-32/7, 1st Floor, Vijayapuri Colony Tarnaka, Secunderabad-500 017, A.P., India Telephone: +91 40 2700 0251, 2700 7032 Telefax: +91 40 2700 7031 Disclaimer: Opinions and statements expressed in Nanotech Insights are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of CKMNT or the editors and staff. Authors of articles in Nanotech Insights are generally experts in their respective fields and assume full responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of their contributions. No endorsements by CKMNT of programs or products should be inferred. Copyright: Single copies of articles in Nanotech Insights may be made for personal or educational use. Copies in quantity or for commercial purposes, regardless of media used or how reproduced or transmitted, is forbidden without prior written permission. Nanotech Insights is published quarterly by Dr. S.V. Joshi, Project Director on behalf of “Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience & Technology”, 12-5-32/7, 1st Floor, Vijayapuri Colony, Tarnaka, Secunderabad-500 017, A.P., India Website: www.ckmnt.com Printed at Kala Jyothi Process Pvt. Ltd., Hyderabad Subscription details WITHIN INDIA (print copy+online access): Academic Institutions / Individuals: Rs. 2000 per year / 4 issues Others: Rs. 5000 per year / 4 issues OUTSIDE INDIA: Print copy+online access: US$ 200 per year / 4 issues Online access only: US$ 125 per year / 4 issues For subscription details, please visit: www.ckmnt.com Editorial It is an immense pleasure to present to you this inaugural issue of Nanotech Insights, the official newsletter of the recently established Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience and Technology (CKMNT). Intended to be a quarterly publication dedicated to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology, we are hopeful that Nanotech Insights will evolve to become an invaluable resource for the entire spectrum of “nano” stake-holders. This issue merely represents the first baby-step in the above direction. At the outset, it would be apt to briefly share with you the motivation for creation of CKMNT and the ambitious plans that we harbour for this Centre. Given the rapid pace at which the field of nanoscience and technology has been growing in recent times, and the concomitant explosive growth in knowledge being generated and information being shared, we at the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI) had been increasingly feeling the need for a comprehensive literature and patent database to aid formulation of meaningful programmes at our Centre for Nanomaterials. As some of our early programmes began to fructify and the vast canvas of their potential applications became apparent, information relevant to forging appropriate industry linkages, available standards, safety & health issues etc. became indispensable. Such mounting in-house requirements, and our struggle in culling out pertinent data from the sea of existing information, suggested that a capable centre to create, maintain, categorize and analyze the vast nanoscience and nanotechnology database could ideally serve the growing “nano” community. Thus, the idea of CKMNT was born! At about this time, the Government of India’s Department of Science and Technology (DST) launched a Mission on Nanoscience and Technology (NANO MISSION) steered by a Council under the chairmanship of Prof. C. N. R. Rao in May 2007, catalyzing a dramatic increase in nano-based R & D activities in national laboratories and universities in the country. Thanks to the NANO MISSION, the need for assimilation and segregation of information in the face of growing global research output was widely acknowledged. There was also a realization that, in order to translate research successes into viable technologies for societal benefit, awareness about the promise of this “enabling technology” among industries in particular, and the public in general, would have to be enhanced. This reinforced our view that CKMNT was now an idea whose time had come - and the support from the NANO MISSION has made this a reality. As outlined elsewhere in this issue, we are optimistic that CKMNT will be able to offer a host of services that would appropriately meet the diverse requirements of researchers, industries, policy makers, financial institutions and venture capitalists with a stake in “nano” and thus help in fulfilling the objectives of DST’s NANO MISSION. We have just begun the process of building Team CKMNT and this first issue of Nanotech Insights is only a start in our effort to regularly update you on key developments in the area of nanoscience and technology across the globe. We hope this inaugural issue reflects our commitment to showcase important multidisciplinary developments spanning diverse aspects of nanoscience and technology, and provide an effective forum to promote education, networking and dissemination of knowledge in the field. We very much hope you enjoy this first issue as much as we have enjoyed bringing it to you. Finally, we welcome your candid comments and suggestions so that we can tailor the scope and format of Nanotech Insights to completely meet the aspirations of all constituent segments of the vast “nano” community that we seek to serve. About the Cover: Adopted from an image showing molecular structure of polymer/carbon nanotube composite. Provided by Dr. Meyya Meyyappan, Director, Centre for Nanotechnology, Ames Research Center, NASA. About the Nano Mission Genesis and Overview: In recent times, there has been increased awareness and recognition amongst the scientific community, government agencies and policymakers concerning the immense potential of nanoscience and nanotechnology in solving astounding problems being faced by India in the areas of clean water supply, renewable energy, affordable health care, environment, national security etc. With a view to address these issues, the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Govt. of India, launched the Nano Science and Technology Initiative (NSTI) in October 2001. As on date, a total investment of US $169.7 million has been made. Buoyed by the overwhelming success of NSTI, DST took up another major initiative and launched, during 2007-08, a national Nano Mission to foster, promote and develop all aspects of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The Government of India made an upfront investment of Rs. 10 billion (US $254 million) for the initial period of 5 years to create and sustain the Nano Mission. This is an umbrella programme for capacity building, which envisages the overall development of this field of research aiming at enhancing public welfare and economic development of the country. DST is the nodal agency for implementing the Nano Mission. At the apex level, it is steered by a Nano Mission Council (NMC). Two advisory groups, namely, the Nano Science Advisory Group (NSAG) and the Nano Applications and Technology Advisory Group (NATAG), are guiding the technical programmes of the Nano Mission. The mission will strive for the development of products and processes that will benefit the masses; this includes areas of national relevance, such as safe drinking water, materials development, sensors development, drug delivery etc. To accomplish these tasks, it will forge linkages between educational & research institutions and industry, and promote public-private partnerships. DST has recently established the Institute of Nanoscience and Technology at Mohali, Chandigarh. This is an autonomous registered society fully funded by DST. Under the purview of this mission, research on fundamental aspects of nanoscience and human resource development is being given the highest priority so that India emerges as a global knowledge hub in this field. In this connection, about 180 research projects on the synthesis and assembly of ceramic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, nanowires, nanostructured alloys etc. are being supported. On the applications front, projects on nanolithography, nanostructured high strength materials, targeted drug delivery systems, DNA chips etc. have been supported. For optimal use of expensive and sophisticated characterization facilities, a chain of shared facilities is being established across the country. This includes, the Ultra High Resolution Aberration corrected Transmission Electron Microscope Industry / Institutional Profile facility at JNCASR Bangalore. This will be one of only 25-30 such facilities in the world. Under this mission, as on date, the following 7 Centres for Nanotechnology Research and 12 Units for Nanoscience Research have been established to promote research activities in a decentralised fashion: Units for Nano Science Research • IIT Madras, Chennai • IACS, Kolkata • University of Pune • S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata • NCL, Pune • JNCASR, Bangalore • BHU, Varanasi • IIT Kanpur, Kanpur • IISc, Bangalore • IIT Delhi, New Delhi • SINP, Kolkata • IISER, Pune Centres for Nano Technology Research • Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala (Implants, Tissue Engineering, Stem Cell Research) • S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata (NEMS & MEMS / Nano products) • NCBS, TIFR, Bangalore (Nanoscale phenomena in biological systems & materials) • IIT-Bombay, Mumbai (Nanoelectronics, polymer nanosensors, nanobiotechnology) • Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (Nanodevices, Nanocomposites, Nanobiosensors) • IIT, Kanpur (Printable Electronics, Nanopatterning) • Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (Photovoltaics & Sensor Devices) In addition to the above, a Centre for Computational Materials Science at Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, has also been funded by the Nano Mission. In order to translate the existing knowledge available at the R & D institutes and universities into product development of direct interest to industry, the Nano Mission has also promoted joint institute-industry linked projects. In some of these projects, the industrial partners have also provided financial support. Six such projects have received financial support so far. A number of initiatives have been already undertaken to train and nurture human resource in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology. This includes organization of national and international conferences, national review meetings and advanced schools and support for post-doctoral fellowships through JNCASR, Bangalore. M.Sc./M.Tech. programmes in nanoscience and technology have been launched in 15 institutes. International collaborative programmes are being undertaken under the auspices of the Nano Mission with Russia & Canada. Joint R & D activities are already taking place with several countries. An Indo-Japan beam line is being established at the Photon Factory, KEK, Tsukuba, Japan for nanomaterials research. Efforts are also on to gain access to all the beam lines of PETRA III synchrotron radiation and FLASH facilities at DESY, Hamburg, Germany. Being a high energy photon source with nano size beams, PETRA III will be of special significance for carrying out research in nano science and technology.  gov.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS Objectives of the Nano Mission The Government of India’s Department of Science & Technology launched a Mission on Nano Science & Technology (NANO MISSION) in May 2007 to foster. promote and develop all aspects of nanoscale and nanotechnology which have the potential to benefit the country. Microarray Spotter & Scanner. International Collaborations – Apart from exploratory visits of scientists. Infrastructure Development for Nano Science & Technology Research – For optimal use of expensive and sophisticated facilities. viz. engineering and technology can emerge. Subscription Details will come  .in/ Invitation for Project Proposals under Nano Mission The Government of India launched a mission-mode R & D programme on Nano Science and Technology (henceforth called Nano Mission) on May 3. STM. Nano Indentor. thrust areas. establish nano applications and technology development centres. the Ultra High Resolution Aberation corrected Transmission Electron Microscope etc. it is proposed to establish a chain of shared facilities across the country. In brief. like Optical Tweezer. etc. organization of joint workshops and conferences and joint research projects. the objectives of the Nano Mission are: Basic Research Promotion – Funding of basic research by individual scientists and/or groups of scientists and creation of centres of excellence for pursuing studies leading to fundamental understanding of matter that enables control and manipulation at the nanoscale. SEM. Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI TOF MS). The Nano Mission aims at funding research projects and programmes to promote growth of R & D in this area in the country. Nano Applications and Technology Development Programmes – To catalyze applications and development programmes leading to products and devices the Mission proposes to promote application-oriented R & D Projects. prescribed formats. the Nano Science Advisory Group (NSAG) and the Nano Applications and Technology Advisory Group (NATAG) with an objective to encourage implementation of industry-centric and application-driven projects in the area of nano science and technology.gov.in. 2007 with a budgetary allocation of Rs1000 Crores over 5 years. The technical programmes of the Nano Mission are being guided by two advisory groups. Human Resource Development – The Mission shall focus on providing effective education and training to researchers and professionals in diversified fields so that a genuine interdisciplinary culture for nanoscale science. For further details regarding programmes.. Source: http://nanomission. steered by Nano Mission Council (NMC). AFM.. visit http://nanomission. TEM. Special effort will be made to involve the industrial sector into nanotechnology R & D directly or through Public Private Partnership (PPP) ventures. The Nano Mission is an umbrella programme for capacity building which envisages the overall development of this field of research in the country and to tap some of its applied potential for nation’s development. establish joint centres of excellence and forge academiaindustry partnerships at the international level wherever required and desirable. it is also planned to facilitate access to sophisticated research facilities abroad. guidelines for formatting / submission of projects and for other information relating to the Nano Mission. research areas. 6).9 The set up consists of a high temperature furnace for the formation of agglomerates in an inert background. which exists in two phases: α-PdHx (low hydrogen concentration hydride phase. Physics Department. We have carried out a detailed investigation on Pd-H interaction by studying the hydrogen induced changes in structural and electrical properties. additional HV N2 Aerosol MFC Flow Sheath Gas (Polydisperse) HT Furnace (N2) (a) P15 (b) P20 UV Charger DMA Critical Orifice Aerosol Flow Excess N 2 Low-Pressure Substrate Impactor Vacuum Pumps (Monodisperse) 30 nm 30 nm Sintering Furnace Fig.1-6 On hydrogenation of bulk Pd. Pd nanoparticle layers and size-selected Pd nanoparticles have been studied. New Delhi . It is important to note that only high hydrogen concentration β phase is observed in NP sample in the hydrogen concentration range of 2-10%. which depends on the size. having standard deviation (σ) equal to 1.110016. storage. differential mobility analyzer (DMA) for size classification. Figure 2 shows a typical transmission electron micrograph of Pd nanoparticles of sizes 15.8. 1. a sintering furnace for crystallization and converting agglomerates into spherical nanoparticles and a unit for deposition of nanoparticles onto a substrate.10) confirms the monodispersity of the deposited Pd nanoparticle samples.  . and 1. Pd is probably the best known material for its selectivity and catalytic activity for hydrogen and is.10. x < 0.0 and 970.7 The lattice parameter of Pd changes from 0. This can be explained on the basis of size-induced electronic and surface effects. indicating the presence of two hydride phases: α-PdHx (α phase) and β-PdHx (β phase). These were deposited by keeping DMA voltage at 450. due to enhanced surface to volume ratio.3 (P20) nm. thus.4 (P15) and 20. In our laboratory.3893 nm for α-PdHx and to 0. It is observed that the extent of β phase formation increases with increase in Hc from 2% to 5%. respectively. The DMA selects the particles on the basis of electrical mobility. palladium hydride is formed.11 In nanoparticles. the gradual shift in peak position corresponding to the β phase is observed with increasing hydrogen concentration from 2 to 10 % which is attributed to increased hydrogen incorporation. 1: Schematic diagram of the nanoparticle deposition set-up Fig. 3. the XRD peak becomes asymmetric.03) and β-PdHx (high hydrogen concentration hydride phase.N a n o t e ch P a t e n t s R o u n d u p Hydrogenation Properties of Pd Nanoparticles g u e s t a r t ic l e B.3889 nm to 0.9 V. Hydrogenation properties of Pd thin films.7 Due to size and surface enhancement. Detailed in situ x-ray diffraction studies have been carried out on Pd nanoparticle layers (NP) and thin film (TF) samples as a function of H2 concentration (Hc) ranging from 2 to 10% as shown in Fig. an ultra-violet charger for efficiently charging the particles with a unit positive or negative charge. respectively.R.4023 nm for β-PdHx. x > 0.6 The small value of σ (≤ 1. India.05. 2: TEM images of monodispersed Pd nanoparticles (a) P15 and (b) P20. we have developed a deposition technique for preparing size-selected Pd nanoparticles with a controllable size and a narrow size-distribution using an integrated synthesis approach as shown in Fig.2-4. Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. These results show enhanced hydrogenation of Pd nanoparticles in comparison to the thin film sample. In case of the TF sample.08. In case of the NP sample. switching etc. it is expected that Pd-H interaction will be largely modified in case of Pd nanoparticles. charge level and shape of the agglomerates.7 Hydrogen adsorption causes lattice expansion leading to shift of the Pd (111) peak. Mehta Thin Film Laboratory. employed in large number of applications like hydrogen sensing. 5% and 10% and Tm = 250C. It is interesting to note that pulse-like hydrogen sensing response is a strong function of hydrogen concentration (Hc) and measurement temperature (Tm). 3: In situ X-ray diffractograms of (a) thin film (TF) sample and (b) nanoparticle (NP) sample in vacuum and at hydrogen concentration (Hc) = 2%. At 20ºC. .0 %. 5: A cross-sectional TEM micrograph of the sample P15 showing Pd nanoparticle/glass interface.6 In a pulse-like response.9 5. this results in increased Pd-H interaction due to increased overlap of H (1s) and Pd (4d) electronic wavefunctions. respectively. EE arises due to hydrogen acting as scattering centre in Pd lattice and GE arises due to decrease in interparticle gaps due to ~4% lattice expansion during Pd to PdH conversion.4 According to the d-band model. A cross-sectional TEM micrograph of the Pd nanoparticle layer showing the presence of voids is shown in Fig. At 40ºC. 6: Sensing response for sample P15 at 400C for different concentrations of H2. in case of sample P15. pulsed response is observed at Hc ≥ 2.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS β Phase β Phase (a) TF (b) NP Hc=10% Hc=10% Intensity (normalized) α Phase Hc=5% Hc=5% Hc=2% Hc=2% Pd (111) Pd (111) Vacuum Vacuum 37 38 39 40 41 42 37 2q (degree) 38 39 40 41 42 2q (degree) Fig.eđ)  Fig.0 eđ eH Pd 4d Resistance Change (%) EVac Time (s) Fig.4-7 The size-induced modification in the hydrogenation properties of Pd results in a pulse-like hydrogen sensing response in Pd nanoparticles. Thus. The intensity of these peaks has been normalized. 5. The above results show that the enhanced hydrogenation properties of Pd are due to (i) increased Pd-H interaction due to increased overlap Pd 4d and Fig.3 ed 2. Solid and dotted lines represent H2 ‘on’ and ‘off’ states. The Pt support layer is deposited during sample preparation for cross-sectional analysis. 4: A schematic energy level diagram of H-Pd system showing increased overlap of H 1s and Pd 4d level due to size induced shift of d-band centroid (ed . in addition to the regular interstitial and grain boundary sites. pulsed response is observed at 5. surface and sub-surface adsorption sites for hydrogen adsorption are present. followed by a sudden decrease due to geometric effect (GE).6 These voids provide the suitable space required for expansion during Pd to PdH formation.5. resistance first increases due to electronic effect (EE). 4.7 We have also observed a shift of the Pd 4d centroid position away from the Fermi level in case of Pd nanoparticles as shown in Fig. H 1s orbitals (ii) presence of surface and subsurface sites and (3) the availability of void space for lattice expansion during PdH formation. a pulse-like hydrogen sensing response has the attractive features of both fast response time due to EE and high sensitivity due to GE.5 % and saturated response is observed at Hc ≤ 2.1 EF 2. 1 Variation of lattice parameter with temperature for TF and NP samples at Hc = 2% is shown in Fig. C. surface and topographical effects. Mehta and L. Malhotra and S.� Handbook on the Physics and Chemistry of Rare earths. Malhotra.M. A measurement of the temperature at which the saturated response changes to a pulsed response can give important information about the H2 concentration level. Ch 228. Aruna. with increase in the measurement temperature of Pd nanoparticle samples P15 and P20. B. (ii) physical adsorption. respectively. L. 2. 8.  . 103101 (2005). B. range ‘b’ represents the region where overlapping of different processes (physical adsorption. Switchable metal hydride films. The large reduction in diffusivity of hydrogen in palladium takes place with decrease of temperature from 25 to -50°C.I. I. the corresponding temperature range is 55°C to 25°C in case of the Pd thin film sample).R. Aruna. Applied Physics Letters. G. Gd nanoparticle switchable mirror with improved optical contrast and response time I. 169 (2004). Deepak Varandani and B. physical adsorption process dominates and lattice parameter increases with decrease in temperature.g u e s t a r t ic l e Fig. narrow size distribution and spherical shape. Advanced Materials. Malhotra.7 In summary. Pecharsky (Elsevier Science Publishers. Mehta and L.K. Applied Physics Letters. A detailed study involving in situ x-ray diffraction and electrical properties measurements has shown that Pd-H interaction is significantly enhanced in case of Pd nanoparticles due to electronic. 8: Lattice parameter corresponding to β phase for NP and TF samples as a function of temperature at Hc = 2%. 5. Advanced Functional Materials. 3. 6.K. and B. A color-neutral. a technique has been developed to synthesize monodispersed Pd nanoparticles with a controllable size. Thus. 16.R. pressure and temperature. The observed increase in threshold concentration. Mehta. 15. 91. Eds. J. Mehta. Faster hydrogen recovery in Pd nanoparticle based Gd switchable mirrors Size-induced geometric and electronic effects. Amsterdam) (2006).R. A concentration-specific pulsed sensing response with high sensitivity and response time has been observed in Pd nanoparticles. the observed hydrogenation of nanoparticle samples at lower temperatures in comparison to thin films samples is also important from the point of view of applications requiring hydrogen detection at low temperature. is shown in Fig. I. 7: Sensing response for sample P15 at 400C for different concentrations of H2. 131(2005). and V. Hc ≥ 4.Aruna. 7. (iii) chemisorption. Pulse-like hydrogen sensing response in Pd nanoparticle layers ����������������������� Manika Khanuja. The physisorption process increases while diffusion and chemisorption decrease with temperature. R. Fig. In case of the NP sample. This study can form the basis for a new type of Pd-based resistive hydrogen sensors. Gschneidner Jr. In range ‘a’.R. Solid and dotted lines represent H2 ‘on’ and ‘off’ states.0% and saturated response is observed at Hc < 4 % as shown in Fig. Malhotra. L. 87. B. North-Holland. We have noted a large change in lattice parameter and intensity of the XRD peak during in-situ hydrogen loading and deloading at different H2 concentration. A. Aruna. 36. the lattice constant increases with decrease in temperature from 55°C to -75°C (in contrast. Shivaprasad.6 The observed dependence of threshold concentration on temperature is quite useful from the application point of view. Mehta.K. Bünzli. (iv) diffusion and (v) PdHx formation.2 The effect of temperature on Pd-H interaction can be explained on the basis of various processes that take place during interaction: (i) impingement of H2 atoms on the Pd surface. chemisorption and diffusion) takes place and the lattice parameter attains a constant value. Stability and hydrogenation of bare Gd nanoparticles. 253121 (2007). 4.K. K. K. References 1. Vol. These processes take place simultaneously and their relative magnitude depends on temperature. pressure. Kala. Resasco. F. 5961. E. while carbon nanotubes are hydrophobic and get attracted to the organic phase. E. 2276 (2009). J. Avasthi. 104. Journal of Applied Physics.R. Concentration specific hydrogen sensing behaviour in monosized Pd nanoparticle layers Manika Khanuja. Nanotechnology. Growth of palladium nanoparticles. 035412 (2006). These nano-hybrid particles are made catalytically active using palladium and referred to as Janus catalysts. Shivaprasad��������������������������������������������������. These solid catalytic particles sit at the interface like any other surfactants. Malhotra and S. Shubhra Kala. pp. no. Janus Catalysts Direct Nanoparticle Reactivity.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS 6. With use of such solid nano-hybrid Janus catalysts. while the reaction keeps occurring in the emulsion. Rather than carrying out complex purification steps during refining to remove hydrophilic components that are incompatible with fuel applications. Aruna. E. Hydrogen induced lattice expansion and crystallinity degradation in palladium nanoparticles: Effect of hydrogen concentration. These catalysts can be easily recovered from complex processes in which the immiscibility and thermal stability of crude products greatly complicates purification procedures. B. Kruis. 327.20 nm S. Solid Nanoparticles that Catalyze Biofuel Upgrade Reactions at the Water/Oil Interface. Science Vol. 68 . creating a problem of separation. 20.72 (2010) • David J. B. 9. 064308 (2008).. 41 . Aggarwal. 8. Appl.M. hydrogenation and etherification of an aldehyde etc. Journal of Materials Research. Mehta. Kulriya.an experimental and theoretical study. hydro-deoxygenation of a phenolic compound..R. P. Jimmy Faria. 015502 (2009). 327. Mehta and F. 79. based on their relative volatility by distillation. I. Daniel E. Kruis and B. Kruis. L. 5961. V. and temperature Manika Khanuja. V. Cole-Hamilton.g. 106. Pragya Agar. The soluble components / byproducts can be separated. 13702 (2008). one can achieve full conversion on both sides of the emulsion followed by constant removal of oil-soluble products from the top layer and water-soluble products from the bottom layer. Aruna.) that involve the elimination of oxygen and the condensation of small molecules.K. The metal oxides (silica and magnesium oxide) are hydrophilic and get attracted to water. 24.K. 093515 (2009).Mehta. 10. but that might damage heat sensitive products. Singh. 74. Homogeneous catalysts are being used to enhance desired reactions but they can also end up in final products. and simultaneously act as catalysts operating in both phases. N.K. but interestingly they can be easily recovered by separation methods such as filtration.R. Science Vol. Process improvements in removal of these soluble impurities could have a major impact in the field of chemical process applications.R. Physical Review B. V. 11. Mehta and F.42 (2010)  . R. Review of Scientific Instruments. A technique for synthesizing quasi-spherical and well-crystallized rare earth nanoparticles in the size range of 5. no. B. pp. Banerjee and B. A dual-deposition setup for fabricating nanoparticles-thin film hybrid structure �������� Shubhra Kala. 7. Crossley and his colleagues at the University of Oklahoma have developed novel solid hybrid nanoparticles of carbon nanotubes and metal oxides that have solubility in both water and oils. Recoverable nano-hybrid catalysts for applications in phase transfer catalysis Chemists are facing a real challenge in separating catalysts that are used to synthesize environment friendly products. This family of solid catalysts can stabilize water-oil emulsions and catalyze reactions at the liquid-liquid interface. Phys. Source: • Steven Crossley. Mehta. Size dependence of various core and valence electron binding energy in Pd nanoparticles: interplay of quantum confinement and coordination reduction����������������������� ���������������������� I. In their study. Crossley and his group have investigated the use of Janus catalyst for several reactions of relevance to biomass-refining chemistry (e. Mehta. Min Shen. Crossley and his co-workers anticipate that such tailor-made solid nano-hybrid particles with catalytic palladium would facilitate a broad range of reactions. D. B. R. it would be easier to use Janus catalysts to perform sequential reactions under phase-transfer conditions in a single reactor medium. a protective filtration face mask.com/wp-dyn/content/ article/2006/04/27).the high temperature DC plasma process to produce inorganic nanoparticles such as Cu.S. Ag. The active players currently associated with development and commercialization of nano-based face masks are introduced below. The company produces masks and filters for medical devices designed to reduce the possibility of transmission of contagious diseases. there is difference of opinion regarding their effectiveness as the flu virus may be small enough (~0. It has been widely reported that the kind of mask needed to protect against the H1N1 flu virus is of the N95 respirator variety.nanomaskinc. shortly. trauma and burn wound management. Ti. able to capture and isolate bacterial and viral microorganisms with efficiencies of 99. Nanotechnology can provide the right solution to address this issue.99%.com) for the development of an anti-viral.. Product: NanoMask: An anti-viral disposable protective facial mask Proposed Technology Focus: NanoMask filters will be based on the company’s core 2H TechnologyTM filtration system.washingtonpost. which is typically carried through droplets in coughs and sneezes. CA 95337 info@ nanomaskinc. there is a need to develop H1N1 Influenza Virus Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nano Mask Inc. and producing its NanoMask product. The company is a specialty filter products company that has developed an air filtration technology for removing infectious bacteria and viruses in air flow systems. The facemasks provide some help in preventing those who have the flu from spreading the virus.intrinsiqmaterials. there are a number of preventive measures one has to take to prevent the spread of the disease. http://www. Unfortunately. ineffective when it comes to protecting uninfected individuals from inhaling the virus.com Douglas Heath. USA 708 Industrial Park Drive Manteca.. disposable version of the NanoMask.com. The company is also a distributor of a blood clotting device for surgery. The NanoMask utilizes the company’s patented 2H TechnologyTM and nanotechnology to enhance the capture-and-isolation characteristics of the filter media. a mask to trap and kill the H1N1 virus. therefore. will seek regulatory approval to make the product available in the U. is engaged in developing. This fits more tightly to the face and apparently filters 95% of small particles when correctly fitted. In view of the above limitations of the ordinary face masks and respirators. Inc. Although these masks may provide some help in avoiding infection during flu pandemic. formerly Emergency Filtration Products Inc. Intrinsiq Materials is incorporating its anti-microbial technology (implemented through Tesima®. The spread of the virus between humans is believed to be largely through sneezing and coughing.H o t T e ch n o l o gi e s Hot Technologies Nanotechnology-based Protective Facial Masks for Swine Flu Control Novel H1N1 (swine flu) is a new deadly influenza virus causing illness in people. single and mixed oxides. Plan of Action: NanoMask Inc. is collaborating with Intrinsiq Materials (www.  . Leading facemask manufacturers and researchers are now coming forward to take up this challenge with the aid of nanotechnology. and people touching their own nose and mouth after touching something with the virus on it.A. these masks are not airtight and. marketing.1 µm) to pass through and the respirators may not provide guaranteed protection against infection (http://www. which utilizes a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic filters. President & CEO NanoMask. and thereby provide guaranteed protection against swine flu. Therefore. This virus is spreading from person-to-person worldwide at an alarming rate.. NanoMask Inc. and more. in the disposable protective mask being developed. and Retroscreen Virology Ltd.) into the NanoMask and will evaluate its effectiveness against pathogens such as H1N1 virus. Sheung Wan. is a Hong Kong based biotech company that develops advanced and cost effective ‘smart filtration’ technologies designed to combat the transmission of diseases. SARS.html Applied Nanoscience Inc. The .S. nitrides etc. However. Joanne Ooi. It has been tested as a coating on face masks and has been validated to be effective against a broad spectrum of viruses (including avian flu strain H9N2) and bacteria (including MRSA) by multiple independent BSL-3 laboratories in the USA. The product will be launched in non-U. The final test results were shown to kill or inactivate a variety of bacteria and viruses. It mimics the oligosaccharide sites on human cells to which microbes normally attach. India. Chief Marketing Officer Filligent Ltd. 1201-11871 Horseshoe Way. Product: SpectraShieldTM N99 reusable respirator mask Proposed Technology Focus: The SpectraShield™ mask is the only commercially available antimicrobial respirator mask made from AgiON® Technology employed by Fosshield®. Queen Mary & Westfield College. MRSA. Qinetiq Nanomaterials Ltd.com/archives/2009/07/ filligents_biomask_made_available_otc_in_asia. (ANI) is a nanotechnology based filtration products company.apnn@att. and Bird Flu.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS carbides. Canada. patent pending). Carlsbad. markets. is a developer. Russia. based on antimicrobial silver nano-particle formulation (U.S.com/about. Tuberculosis.com. Initial production will be 30. Proposed Technology Focus: ANI will incorporate their proprietary NanoFenseTM technology. Richmond. up to 99. Source: http://medgadget. British Columbia.ooi@filligent. It is owner of the IP platform.nexeramed. H5N1 avian flu virus and two other bacteria. New Zealand. 2007-08-23. Its pollution abatement products provide protection against the adverse health effects of various forms of pollution. ANI will be testing the NanoFenseTM formulation against H1N1 virus shortly.  Product: BioMaskTM Proposed Technology Focus: BioMaskTM is based on BioFriendTM technology of Filligent Company Ltd.html WO2007093808A. Plan of Action: This technology was developed in 2008 and. including the Swine Flu.S. such as air and water pollution.com Paul Sallarulo. this European Conformance (CE) certified specialist mask was available to medical and health professionals only.. the device mimes the terminal sialic acid residue on the surface oligosaccharide of a cell membrane. 69 Jervois Street. and Europe. the pathogen is then destroyed by embedded copper and zinc ions which impair their cell walls and disturb their normal metabolism.com Thomas Allen. http://www. SARS. Wright Place. Influenza A.appliednanoscience. NEFTTM (Nanoparticle-Enhanced Filtration Technology). President / CEO / Chairman Nexera Medical Ltd. now these Biomasks are available at Asia’s leading drugstore chain.com/ press_5.filligent. including bird flu and tobacco smoke.html Filligent (HK) Limited. President & CEO Applied Nanoscience Inc. 1902. This molecular technology can be applied in the form of a coating on various substrates like rayon and cotton fiber. It destroys viruses and bacteria such as H1N1. fungi. V7A5H5. virus and fungus. http://www. 7th Floor. The SpectraShield™ mask was subjected to rigorous microbial testing for bacteria and viruses in the U.com Ms.emergencyfiltration.000 masks/day employing newly installed automatic equipment. with the capability of scaling up to 90. Watsons.appliednanoscience. CA 92008 tallen. Source: http://www.. incorporating silver and copper zeolite compounds which are permanently embedded into the fibers of the mask. which is targeted to destroy bacteria. manufacturer and distributor of antimicrobial textile products worldwide.n. and virus. Suite 200. Virucidal Materials.000 masks/day. Product: Disposable protective mask based on NanoFenseTM technology. Nexera Medical Ltd. Singpore and Taiwan covering a broad use of nanotechnologies related to air filtration. until recently. http://www. Plan of Action: ANI has signed a joint venture agreement with an undisclosed company from Asia Pacific region for the production of NanoFenseTM protective face mask. ANI currently holds issued patents in Australia. The SpectraShield™ mask has also been tested for reusability and can be worn up to 28 days without loosing its filtration or antimicrobial efficacy. They are dedicated to developing health care related medical products that provide maximum antimicrobial protection against microorganisms such as bacteria. Source: http://www. the Bird Flu. MRSA. Once bound. on contact. Hong Kong joanne.9%. that copper is a very potent anti-viral ingredient against the influenza A viruses like H1N1. MD of Hydrodrive Systems and Controls.520. NH.physorg.html (23 July.cfm (http://www. According to him. Hydroxyl radicals are found naturally in outdoor fresh air.com/press/catalog/1008/ index. China held during July. work and public spaces within a matter of minutes. located in Hampton.com/ne_pr042709.S.H o t T e ch n o l o gi e s SpectraShield™ mask has received regulatory approval and a CE mark in the European Union. and also substantially restrict and reduce the spread of swine flu epidemic. Plan of Action: Silver Shield N95 cone masks have been commercialized and available in market through distributors. 2009. and the standards for workers treating airbone disease set by CDC and WHO. this system simulates the production of fresh air by destroying the airborne viruses present in private.in/news/ARTICLE/2118/2009-08. LLC. in particularly high concentrations in mountains and forests. 2009)  . commercial and medical applications and it can be incorporated within large ventilation systems used for healthcare and domestic applications. Chennai has developed a nanofilter mask technology to fight swine flu virus. the use of copper as a surface material in key public places such as hospitals. bacteria and fungi.html (14 August. Fosshield® is a proprietary patented antimicrobial fiber and fabric technology developed and owned exclusively by Foss Manufacturing.manta. Propes. President MVP Textiles and Apparel. which acts as an effective barrier and prevents the transmission of harmful infections including H1N1 virus. but is not yet available in the U. It is of interest to note that Professor Bill Keevil of University of Southampton had announced at the BLT Life Sciences 2nd Annual World Summit on Antivirals in Beijing.jsp? WO=2008118371 http://www.3 microns in size or larger). Inc. both in air and on contact with the surfaces.medicalsuppliesblog. and has received a license for sale in Canada.wipo. He claims that. These masks meet or exceed the filtration standard for NIOSH N95 designation (an efficiency rating that means the mask blocks about 95% percent of particles that are 0. based on its Antimicrobial Filtration Technology (US Patent No.923 B2). unlike conventional air filtration devices. 2009) http://www. Plan of Action: Nexera holds a technology license for the exclusive worldwide use of Fosshield® in any medical device that can be manufactured from that technology. The sustained release of silver ions creates a favorable environment by protecting the mask from bioaccumulation of pathogens. 7.fossmfg. Product: Silver Shield N95 cone masks Proposed Technology Focus: In Silver Shield N95 cone masks. The unit is capable of creating an open air flow enriched with hydroxyl radicals. air permeable filtration layer is treated with oligodynamic metal like silver and/or salt of oligodynamic metal.14. He further states that the unit is adaptable for a range of domestic. Source: http://www. kitchens and hotels offers great potential to actively inhibit the growth of viruses. This technology is capable of inactivating the H1N1 virus on contact with the copper nano surface. to destroy microbes including flu.int/pctdb/en/wo. The presence of this oligodynamic metal/salt renders the mask very effective against a broad spectrum of microbes. Charleston. They are 99.9% efficient in filtering bacteria and virus. Sources: http://www.html) MVP Textiles & Apparels 1031 Legrand Blvd.com/wp-shop-us/2009/08/ antimicrobial-face-mask-type-n95-with-silver-shieldcone-style-box20-2/ Indian Scientist Develops a New Technology to Combat Swine Flu Srinivasan Gopalakrishnan. Source: http://www.mechdir.com/c/mttlk81/mvp-textiles-apparel-inc Mary V.com/2009/09/15/whatin-the-world-is-a-niosh-certified-n95-mask/ http://ww-catalog.co/news167574621. and cold causing viruses and bacteria. SC 29492-7673 http://www.odisha. USA has developed a face mask. The ultra-fine (<1µm) grain sizes lead to exceptionally high strengths in conventional steels. i.e.30 GPa (in <111> direction). Akashi Strait Bridge built in Japan in the year 1998. 10 . Nontraditional processes. Currently. the pearlitic wire for automobile tyre cords exhibits strengths of about 4000 MPa. especially uniform elongation in tension. torsion under very high pressures. The theoretical strength of steel is 27. and computational design of materials. The strengthening arises due to the presence of nanoscale cementite/ferrite lamellar structure. high-Si and high Si-Cr steel wires have also been developed for highstrength galvanized suspension-bridge wires. Therefore. The second alternative is to introduce a very large density of defects in a metal sample that act as an obstacle to the motion of dislocations. Its pre-eminent position amongst the engineering materials arises due to the abundance and low cost of its main constituent. there is a drastic reduction in tensile ductility. a number of innovative approaches are being developed to produce nanostructured steels. such as equal channel angular processing (ECAP). To inhibit softening during hot-dip galvanizing. This is being aided by employing advanced characterization methods like high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). 1. multiple compressions etc. The main challenge in realizing the immense potential of nano-engineered steels is to manufacture large components of bulk nanocrystalline steel having superior properties and at a reasonable cost. there is a growing awareness about the potential benefits of nanotechnology in the modern engineering industry. The ferrite phase in this structure contains very high dislocation density and supersaturated carbon atoms. as shown in Fig. Severe Plastic Deformation (SPD) Processing SPD processing is one of the promising routes for grain size refinement to nano-scale levels. The different processing strategies and alloy development aspects being currently explored for the manufacture of nanostructured steels are briefly outlined below. however. were made of pearlitic steel wires of 1800 MPa strength. Brenner in 1956 could achieve a tensile strength of greater than 13 GPa in an iron whisker. The carbon steel wire is a remarkable example of nanostructured steel produced on a mass scale. galvanized wires for suspension bridges and power cable wires. Steel is synonymous with strength. which is subjected to intense plastic deformation. atom probe tomography (APT) etc. The high carbon steel wire is an important engineering material used for reinforcing automobile tires. There are two ways of achieving ultra high strength in steels. the suspension cables of the world’s largest suspension bridge. thereby. The focus of the ongoing efforts has been largely manipulation of microstructures at the nano-scale through innovative processing techniques and adoption of novel alloying strategies. The first one is to reduce the size of a crystal to such an extent that it is devoid of any defects. and recyclability. Similarly. accumulative roll bonding. a number of processing routes are being developed for the improvement of ductility. and a number of leading R & D institutes and companies are pursuing research in the area of nanostructured steels. This has been illustrated by drawing high carbon pearlitic steel wire.Engineered Steels for Structural Applications Steel is one of the most widely used engineering materials in the world. like in the case of a whisker. To meet this challenge. and its amenability to produce a wide variety of engineered microstructures with superior properties. have been developed for this purpose.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS Technology Watch Nano. introducing dense dislocation substructure. In fact. and the cementite phase contains amorphous and nano-crystalline regions. iron. Mo) nanoparticles. Nanostructured Steels with High Work Hardening Rate by Exploitation of TWIP Effect The high-manganese TWIP steels are subjected to plastic straining to introduce thermally stable nanometre-scale mechanical twins in the structure. This approach combines predictive control of the alloy chemistry. such as ultrasonic shot peening and surface mechanical attrition treatments (SMAT). 20 – 40 nm thick. infrastructure and medical. Phase-reversion Induced Nano-grained/Ultrafine Grained Steels Microstructures comprising an optimized combination of nano. 11 .t e ch n o l o g y w a t ch Thermomechanical Controlled Processing (TMCP) TMCP is based on microstructure control during hot rolling and subsequent cooling. on account of their outstanding strength.09V) are designed using detailed phase transformation theory for the bainitic reaction. Mechanical Alloying and Consolidation Mechanical alloying via high energy ball milling of iron and carbon powders (or other alloying elements) is carried out and the powders are subsequently consolidated by various techniques such as spark plasma sintering. These glasses are subjected to devitrification treatment by subsequent heating above crystallization temperature to obtain nanoscale microstructures. called nano-clusters. The TRIPLEX alloys exhibit low density.0. which resist coarsening and prevent grain growth following isothermal aging. high toughness. These alloys contain a large number density of ultra-fine cluster of atoms containing predominantly Y. Surface Nanocrystallization of Steels A nanostructured surface layer can be fabricated by subjecting the steels to various surface treatment techniques. The bainitic transformation occurs at low temperatures (200–300oC). they are also likely to have a major impact in a variety of sectors including defence. O and Ti. construction. Computational Designing of Steels A new class of martensitic stainless steels are being developed by following a system’s design approach. transformation temperatures. the plates of bainite are extremely slender. Al. By virtue of the above. Many of the microstructural events are controlled at the micron level while other events like precipitation hardening are at the nano-scale level of control.g. high toughness corrosion resistant stainless steels. without any change in the chemical composition. Advanced Bainitic Steels by Low Temperature Isothermal Transformation New generation bainitic steels (e. This approach can result in nano-crystalline/ultrafine grained structures with excellent mechanical properties.46Si1. excellent erosion and wear resistance etc. remarkable corrosion resistance. SMAT provides a simple. As a consequence. The alloy consists of an austenitic FCC matrix and about 8% ferrite and nano-size k-carbides regularly distributed in the FCC matrix in an orderly fashion. excellent formability and high energy absorption capacity. power. flexible and low cost approach to enhance the bulk properties of steels. which avoids the diffusion of iron or any substitutional solutes. HIP etc.and ultra-fine grains are obtained in austenitic stainless steels by controlled annealing of heavily cold-worked metastable austenite. and work hardening. Devitrification of Glassy Ferrous Alloys Metallic glasses based on the specialized formulation of ferrous alloys have been developed. Mn is usually > 19%. aerospace. have significant potential to improve the performance of various systems. Combination of TRIP Effect with Maraging Treatment This approach combines the TRIP mechanism with maraging treatment in a Fe-Mn base alloy system. TRIPLEX Steels TRIPLEX steels are designed on the basis of Fe-MnC-Al with Al > 8%. Advanced ODS Ferritic and Martensitic Steels Ferritic or martensitic alloy powders are ball milled with Y2O3 and subsequently compacted and hot extruded to obtain nano-structured ferrous alloys. These amorphous steels can also be used in the form of powders to produce amorphous/nanocomposite thermally sprayed coatings to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of engineering components. cryogenic treatment and multi-step aging to produce radically new high-strength. Reversion annealing of strain-induced martensite in severely deformed metastable austenitic steels results in nano-grained/ ultra-fine grained structures with excellent combination of strength and ductility. Fe-0.89Mn-0. high strength level. These steels contain a low-carbon martensitic matrix with precipitates of intermetallic (Ni. Subsequent recovery treatment results in an excellent combination of high yield and ultimate tensile strengths.26 Mo-1. Nanostructured steels. Ti.26Cr. making the steel very strong.98C-1. warm compaction. transportation. High toughness and high ductility at higher strength levels (TRIP-Maraging Steels) Transportation Sector:10. which prevents the problems of hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking associated with Cd plating.nanosteelco.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS Key Benefits and Market Drivers for Nanostructured Steels: Key Benefits Market Drivers Increased strength levels (ultra-fine grain size steels) Transportation Sector:22. corrosion and wear resistance (devitrified glassy ferrous alloys) Power Generation. 11. Fig. 20 Lighter vehicles with improved impact resistance and safer to drive. Also would result in higher safety. Mining. 1: Routes to Produce Nanostructured Steels 12 . reliability and reduced emissions.com Eliminates the need of providing toxic and carcinogenic cadmium coating. Improved erosion. Greater degree of radiation – induced embrittlement resistance. 25-27. Cement and Concrete Industries: http://www. 29 (FBRs and Fusion Reactors) Higher operating temperatures would help in improving economic performance and provide means to support thermo-chemical production of hydrogen.com Improved performance and extended service life. 30 Vehicle weight reduction. increase in fuel efficiency and corresponding reduction in CO2 emissions.questek. Enhanced corrosion resistance for high strength/ high toughness steels (Nano-precipitation strengthened computationally designed steels) Aerospace and Navy (Landing gear and other Aircraft and Naval Components): http://www. Improved formability leading to lower processing costs. greater survivability in neutron radiation environment and higher creep strength (nano-cluster strengthened ODS ferritic alloys) Nuclear Industry:21. 28. S. Sandvik. Arcelor Mittal.A. U. Cu precipitation strengthened bainitic steels produced by thermo-mechanical precipitation control process (TPCP). JFE Steel and others. Kobelco Research Inc. Japan Technology: Has developed ODS 9Cr martensitic steel (12YWT) for fuel cladding tubes of nuclear reactor. Technology: Has developed computationally designed high strength and environmentally friendly corrosion resistant steels. with the entry of industrial giants like Nippon Steel. some of the new players such as QuesTek Innovations. high strength nanosize carbide precipitation strengthened ‘NANOHITEN’ steel for automobile industry. The alloys are used in the form of thermal spray coatings or weld overlay to tackle the problems of wear. A few key players active in the field of nanostructured steels are listed below: The NanoSteel Company. Kawasaki Steel Corp.. Japan Technology: Has developed hot rolled. However. chassis and suspension parts and TWBs Industrial Cutting tools and bearings Key Players Currently.. Max Planck Institute for Steel Research. corrosion. (Kobe Steel). erosion etc. Japan Technology: Has developed non-heat treated ultra-low carbon.t e ch n o l o g y w a t ch Applications of Nanostructured Steels Application Example Defence Ballistic armour Aerospace Aircraft landing gears Medical Surgical needles and clips Sports Mountain bicycle frames Consumer Razors for shaving machine Oil and Gas Pipeline steels for the transportation of natural gas Nuclear Fuel cladding tubes for nuclear reactors Infrastructure Concrete reinforcing rebars Power Advanced exhaust components for heavy duty diesel engines Automotive Automobile body-structural and safety parts. Moreover. Exxon. Sandvik Materials Technology.S. QuesTek Innovations LLC. U. Technology: Has developed nanostructured ferrous alloys by devitrification of metallic glass.. JFE Steel Corp. Inc.. 13 . Sweden Technology: Has developed nanostructured ‘Nanoflex’ stainless steels. MMFX Technologies and Cambridge University are able to demonstrate significantly greater benefits in nanostructured steels at a reasonable cost with their innovative approaches and this is likely to change the scenario quickly.A. there is a good scope that broader industrial adoption could occur in the near future. interest in nanostructured steels is just beginning to gather momentum. It is 20-50% stronger than the currently used pipeline steel. Nippon Steel Corp. machinery and tools used in hostile environment Title: Nano-composite martensitic steels Patent Number: EP 1 461 466 B1 Filing / Publication Date: Dec. USA Key Features: Ultra-high strength (UTS > 1930 MPa) precipitation strengthened structural steel possesses out-standing combination of corrosion resistance and strength. This strategy helps them in avoiding IP conflicts and also protects their technologies from being exploited in other countries where IP protection is weak. Notwithstanding the above. Sweden Key Features: A precipitation hardenable stainless Cr-Ni steel with high strength. Charless.. Olson. U. Exhibits very good corrosion resistance and finds applications as springs.22..A. surgical needles. Technology: Has developed the microcomposite Fe/Cr/Mn/C steels with superior combination of strengthtoughness-corrosion properties for concrete members reinforced with high-strength rebars. 2005 / Sep. USA Inventor(s): Ku Sinski. the following patents relating to nanostructured steels are pertinent to mention: Title: Precipitation hardenable martensitic stainless steel Patent Number: US 2008 / 0210344 A1 Filing / Publication Date: Dec. 2006). 2003 Assignee: Questek Innovations LLC.11. The alloy is strengthened by nano-scale M2C carbides. Technology: Has developed high strength pipeline steel for the transportation of natural gas in collaboration with Nippon Steel and Mitsui & Co. high ductility and excellent formability. Sweden Inventor(s): Hikan Holmberg. USA Inventor(s): Kuehmann. Gregorz. galvanized wires for suspension bridges and power cable wires. Heing-Jeng. Of course. 2002 / July 23. U.S.S. David. this strategy makes the producers vulnerable if a competitor develops a similar process independently (Lux Research Inc. Intellectual Property Scenario Since the technologies pertaining to nanostructured steels are mainly based on process innovations. the technology developers are often inclined to maintain trade secrets rather than rely on patents for protection. Potential applications include aircraft landing gear..6. J. Highly corrosion resistant steels resulting in extended service life of rebar in corrosive environments.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Co. Thomas.A. 2002 / Mar. 2008 Assignee: MMFX Technologies Corp..4. dental instruments etc. Title: Nanocarbide precipitation strengthened ultra-high strength. B. Unique microcomposite micro structure comprising of nano sheets of austenite between laths of dislocated martensite. corrosion resistant structural steels Patent Number: WO 03 / 018856 A2 Filing / Publication Date: Feb. A mile-long section in the TransCanada Pipeline utilizes this nano-steel under -40oC temperature conditions. Japan Technology: Has developed nanostructured steels for various applications: • Fatigue resistant steels containing Cu nano-precipitates for transportation and bridges •High strength steels with resistance to delayed fracture (by hydrogen trapping with nano-size precipitates) for bolts to be used in automobiles and high-rise buildings • High HAZ toughness steel ‘HTUFF’ using nano-size dispersion of oxides and /or sulfides • High strength steel wires for reinforcing automobile tires. MMFX Technology Corp. toughness and cold formability. they are relatively difficult to actually protect despite the legal cover that patents are intended to provide. Pollack. Therefore. Gareth Key Features: Steel alloys with high strength. Gregory.12... 14 . J. 2008 Assignee: Sandvik Intellectual Property AB. Jou... Narasimha Rao V. USA Inventor(s): Kenneth E. Inc. strength and durability. Keniti Amano. USA Inventor(s): Daniel James Branagan Key Features: Special iron based metallic glass forming alloys are formed into a nano-crystalline steel sheet by rapid solidification of molten alloy using counter-rotating casting rolls. which calls for significant investments and application development to make them commercially viable. it is of paramount importance that innovative approaches are developed to improve the ductility of nanostructured steels. Manabu Takahashi. “New Extremely Low Carbon Bainitic High-Strength Steel Bar Having Excellent Machinability and Toughness Produced by TPCP Technology” Originally published in Kawasaki Steel Giho. Kazukuni Hase. The steels contain nano-precipitates of carbides or carbonitrides of V. Japan Inventor(s): Hiroshi Temehiro.t e ch n o l o g y w a t ch Title: High strength hot rolled steel sheet and method for manufacturing the same Patent Number: US 7527700 B2 Filing / Publication Date: April 21.16 to 6. their ductility is inadequate. Toshiyuki Hoshino. 11. and therefore. 2009 Assignee: JFE Steel Corp...15% C) having excellent elongation and stretch flangeability. Masaaki Sugiyama. “Application of Controlled Cu NanoPrecipitation for Improvement in Fatigue Properties of Steels”. Luton. USA Key Features: The invention relates to nanostructured M50 type steel synthesized by chemical methods. Naoki Maruyama.. weblable steels with excellent ultra-low temperature toughness Patent Number: US 6264760 B1 Filing / Publication Date: July 28. Petersen. 15. 2004 / May 5. Bangaru. Key Publications 1. Hiroshi Takahashi Key Features: High strength ( 780MPa) hot rolled steel sheet with low carbon (0. 2005 / Nov. The steel sheet is suitable for reinforcing members of automobile cabin and crash worthiness member of automobile. Nippon Steel Technical Report. and to fabricated linepipe from this steel. In view of this. The resulting alloy can show tensile strength between 3. 2008 Assignee: The Nano Company. weldable steel plate with superior toughness. Nb and Mo which resist HAZ softening and minimize the localized loss of strength. Hitoshi Asahi. Challenges The nanostructured steels (particularly.91. Title: Process for forming a Nano-crystalline steel sheet Patent Number: US 7449074 B2 Filing / Publication Date: April 28. makes them unsuitable for certain applications. Title: Nano structured steel alloy Patent Number: US 5589011 Filing / Publication Date: Feb. 1996 Assignee: The University of Connecticut. Jayoung Koo. No. However. This drawback is a major hurdle in bringing nanostructured steels from laboratory to commercialization. Tetsuo Shimizu. nanostructured steels require non-traditional processing methods and specialized machinery. January 2005. Yoshio Terada. manufactured by SPD processing) exhibit extraordinary strength levels.04 to 0. Tatsuo Yokoi. 1995 / Dec. 1998 / July 24.. Clifford W. 31. Gonsalves. Kei Sakata. Microstructure comprising nano-scale ( 20nm) Ti-Mo carbide precipitates within ferrite matrix. which has improved mechanical and physical properties such as hardness. 49-55 2. Title: Ultra-high strength. USA Key Features: The invention relates to ultra-high strength. Consequently. The steel finds particular utility in the manufacture of cutting tools and bearings. (2002)1-6 15 . Japan Inventor(s): Nobusuke Kariya. Japan and Michael J. Takuya Hara. 2001 Assignee: Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Co.12 GPa. Shusaku Takagi. USA and Nippon Steel Corp. Tetsuya Mega. 34. Res. 224-236 5. Materials Science and Engineering. G. D. 60. Karjalainen. O.S. (2004) 251–257 19. Llchat Sabirov and Elena V Pereloma.G. Advanced Engineering Materials. Materials Science and Engineering A... Kobayashi. “The “Ductilities” in Single Phase Steels from Usual to Nanoscale Microstructures”. A 441. (2005) 405 8. Rajasekhara. Properties and Performance. D.C. (2009) 260-267 4. Advanced Engineering Materials. “Nanostructural Engineering of Steel”. D. 17. “Nanomesoscopic Structure Control in 9Cr-ODS Ferritic Steels”.H.H. Peter D Hodgson. S.Sokolowski. Nonferrous Met. Ukai and S. (2009) 547-555 21. P. F. Rong. al-Kassab. Sokolov and R.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS 3. T. Garcia-Mateo and F. Hossein Beladi. “Overview of Processing. K. 2. 31. “Designing Ultrahigh Strength Steels with Good Ductility by Combining Transformation Induced Plasticity and Martensite Aging”. 24. (2007) 343-350 13. E. S.H. Somani. O. 1. Karjalainen. Kaito.D. 91. Lorenzo.5 GPa Steels with Unexpected High Ductility”. (2007) 39-46 10. “Enhanced Mechanical Behavior of a Nanocrystallised Stainless Steel and its Thermal Stability” Materials Science and Engineering A. Hitoshi Tashiro. Soc.A. Borchers. 11. Mater. INDIA. D.G. 11. Ukai. Ranchi. Somani and L. (2009) 2498 15. Ponge. (2007) 1129-1138 17. 15. “Nanoprecipitate-hardened 1.B. Nippon Steel. Barbosa. Isij International. Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science. Shah. 60. “Titanium and Molybdenum Content in Supermartensitic Stainless Steel”.K. J. T. International Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering. X. Dimitrieva and B. (2005) 56-61 16 20. C. (2009) 1141-1144 24. “Development of High Strength Hot-rolled Sheet Steel Consisting of Ferrite and Nanometer-sized Carbides”. Llana B. (2005) 1736-1740 7. “Nano-scale Microstructured Characterization of Modern High Strength Steels for the Automotive Industry”. (2006) 1-17 18. Zheng and E. Daniel J. Simpro’08. Metals & Materials Society and ASM International. Pereloma. Koljonen.D. 438-440. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine Grained bcc Steels”. T. K.K. 43. Maeda. “Ultra-HighStrength Bainitic Steels”. Iron Making and Steel Making”. Raabe. Scripta Materialia. 445-446. “Microstructure Control and Strengthening of High-carbon Steel Wires”. A. Olson. I. “Properites of High Manganese Fe-Mn-Al-C Alloys”. T.Y. Y. Alla V. Res. Song. Sander. A.D. 32. L. C. “Mechanical Properties of Neutron Irradiated Nanostructured Ferritc Alloy 14YWT”. Nacki Maruyama. J. Nanstad. Caballero. Energy Materials. Jonsta and K. Ringer. Journal of Nuclear Materials. Bhadeshia. Kaneko Shinjiro. “Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Phase-Reversion-Induced Nanograined / Ultrafine-Grained Austenitic Stainless Steel”. (2007) 281-288 9. M. “Application of Cold Drawn Lamellar Microstructure for Developing Ultra-high Strength Wires”. A. S. S.A. (2007) 149-152 6. McClintock. (2009) 767-770 11.M. ISIJ International. J. Microstructure. Wang. Timokhina. S.. J. A. K. Goto. “Engineering Structures to Achieve Targeted Properties in Steels on a Nanoscale Level”. Retraint. D. Hsu. ISIJ International. Toshimi Tarui. S. H. S.L.D. P. S. Lu. “Bulk Nanocrystalline Steel”. D. Advanced Engineering Materials. The Minerals. “Novel Ultrahigh-strength Nanolath Martensitic Steel by Quenching-Partitioning-Tempering Process”. (2006) 48-54 16. Raabe. Lu. Z. Funakawa Yoshimasa. Shimizi Tetsuo. Mazanec. Archives of Materials Science. (2007) 26-35 29. Fujiwara. Misra. 45. (2004) 22-27 27. Journal of Iron and Steel Research International. Lu. “High Strength Steel Sheets for Automobile Suspension and Chassis Use-High Strength Hot-Rolled Steel Sheets with Excellent Press Formability and Durability for Critical Safety Parts”.Scott and G. “Nanostructured Steel with High Work-hardening by the Exploitation of the Thermal Stability of Mechanically Induced Twins”. J. Timokhina. Petitgand. R. C. December 09-11. (2004) 1945-1951 28. A 460-461. B. Funakawa.B. D. Tomita. “Very Strong Bainite”.J. Kirchheim. 903E. Liu Xinghua. C.G.. “Surface Nanocrystallization Engineering: Science and Industrial Potential”. Wang and K. China. (2009) 940-943 14. Hodgson. “Submicron/Nano Grained Stainless Steels with Superior Mechanical Properties”. Materials Science and Engineering. Du Lin-xiu. 44. “Towards the Development of a New Iron Age”. M.Bhadeshia. “Strengthening Mechanism of a New 700 MPa Hot Rolled High Strength Steel”. V. 8. Yamamoto and E. Trans. 4. T. Intl. JFE Technical Report No. Proc. Kyrolainen. Seiki Nishida. Mali. T. (2007) 305-312 26. M. (2008). Caballero. Soc.P. T. (2003) 2038-2045 22.D. Z. Ohtsuka. Rodrigues. Shiozaki. Narita. P.K. and T. Speer. 386-388. (2008) 76-80 23. 8. Branagan. 28. 40A. Ponge. Technical Report No. Symp. D. Rollo. Zhong Y. Jun Takahashi. Mazancova. Branagan. C. D.A. Matlock. R. “Production and Properties of Nano-scale Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) 9Cr Martensitic Steel Claddings”. D. Nayak. C. Olivier Bouaziz.K. Dierk Raabe. (2006) 25. (2009) 714-716 12. Conference on Microalloyed Steels: Processing. N. R. J.D. Mukherjee. T. Scripta Materilia. Ohtsuka.A. H.D. P. Roland.P. Yi Hai-long. Olga Dmitrieva and Benedikt Sander. Bouaziz. (2009) 307-311 30. R. Ferreira. (2007) 90-94 . “Advances in Theory: Martensite by Design”. Dirk Ponge. M. Wang Guo-dong. K. Sergueeva and Amiya K. Hoelzer. Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry. Mater. M. P. These properties enable development of structural and multifunctional composites for a variety of applications. conductive polymers. the uniqueness of CNTs also stems from their other desirable properties for electrical. the prominent compositions. batteries.N a n o t e ch P a t e n t s R o u n d u p Nanotech Patents Roundup Status of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Composites – Patent Analysis (April 30.May 1. The largest number of patents pertain to applications. the patent analysis was carried out using the keywords ((CNT AND COMPOSITE*) OR (CARBON NANOTUBE* AND COMPOSITE*)) covering the period April 30th 2008 to May 1st 2009. In the present brief report. thermal management systems etc. The market for CNT-composite is growing at a rapid rate. fibers and yarns. WO World IPO and JP Japan. The analysis covered USPTO. with an average annual growth rate of 80%.delphion. Actually. and applications. magnetic and optical applications. super capacitors. the global CNT-composite market was 43 million US$ in 2006 and the projected market in 2010 was estimated to be 451 million US$. auto parts. and this is indicative of the perceived immense commercial importance of CNT-composites. 1: CNT – composite patent filings and issuances according to the main area of the inventions As shown in Fig. synthesis routes and applications of CNT – Composites are summarized below: 17 . Based on an analysis of the available patents. European patent (EP) Office. For this purpose. (Source: www. an attempt has been made to provide a snapshot of the status of development in the field of CNT-composites. the key focus areas of patents relating to CNT-composites are synthesis & processing. ’08 . ’09) The superior mechanical and physical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) provide tremendous opportunities for developing a new class of ‘supercomposites’. composition. displays.com) (Analysis based on Patent INSIGHT Pro Software) Fig. such as sporting equipment. According to a BCC report published in 2007. thermal. 1. NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS above category. transduces Fig. (2009) 830-834 . There are two noteworthy advantages of this solution-spinning process. “True Solutions of Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes for Assembly into Macroscopic Materials” Nature Nanotechnology. their electronic properties are retained during the process. 4. Fig. Davis et al. Field emission devices. fuel cells and solar cells. Samsung Electronics of Korea shows its pre-eminent position being the world leader in field emission devices and displays. they are rather benign solvents for industrial use and. Hyderabad for Patent Analysis 18 Fig. the USA is on the top in almost all the segments. This process opens up immense possibilities for making multifunctional products that are stronger. electrical/electronics and energy related areas. A. followed by Japan. MEMS. fabrics. Korea. This revolutionary method is an outcome of 9 years of intensive research. However. sensors and actuators are also key areas of activity in this field. University of Pennsylvania and Technion – Israel Institute of Technology have developed a processing route to produce ultra strong. involves dissolving the pure carbon nanotubes in a highly acidic solvent like chlorosulfonic acid. the process has the potential to produce nanotube fibers. The focus of the patent activity is primarily on structural. As can be seen.. Although acids are hazardous. These aligned CNT complexes. membranes. adhesives. stiffer. and more energy efficient. Energy-related applications include batteries. 4: Number of CNT – composite patents granted / published patent applications for top 20 assignees An Ultimate Fiber: Neat SWNT Fiber Researchers from Rice University. since the CNTs are not chemically modified. contrast medium. 2: Segmentation of CNT – composite applications based on patents granted and published patent applications Fig. are spun into monofilament fibers. The CNTs in this solution tend to align themselves to form liquid crystals. coatings and films. stiff and tough carbon – nanotube fibers on an industrial scale. Out of all these areas. Priya Mathews. super capacitors. ARCI. structural or mechanical applications of CNT composites appear to be of greatest interest from a commercial point of view. Source: V. 4 which depicts the top 20 assignees of patents in the Acknowledgement: Ms. The process essentially. 3 compares filing and issue of patents in various countries in the area of CNT-composite applications. Korea is leading in the area of field emission or electron emitter devices. 2 shows the segmentation of application fields based on the patent analysis. dispersed in an acid solution. Here. 3: Segmentation of applications and distribution of priority countries (based on number of patents granted and published patent applications) for CNT composites Fig. In principle. China and Europe as far as the overall applications of CNTcomposites are concerned. The reason for this is obvious if one examines Fig. * Includes memory. which could be 100 times stronger than Kevlar fibers. (USA) Assignee: Nanotek Instruments. No. Advantages: • NGP based nano-composites enable a cost effective approach to produce an alternative nano-carbon material in large quantities with properties comparable to that of CNT based composites • NGP composites possess high bulk electrical conductivity of no less than 10 S/cm. (B) NGP coated polymer fiber. Inc.: 7. brake drums etc. 2009 Inventors: Song Lulu (USA).%. Each platelet comprises a sheet of graphite plane or multiple sheets of graphite plane. width. Pillai (USA) and Sarojini Deevi (USA) Assignee: Philip Morris USA Inc. and more typically no less than 100 S/cm. 2009 Inventors: Unnikrishan R.0 wt% gold nanodots on cerium oxide. 2006 Abstract: A nano-composite material consisting of fully separated nano-scaled graphene platelets (NGPs) are dispersed in a matrix material. 410 B2 Date of Patent: July 28. 3: Schematic showing three basic forms of solid NGP– polymer blends: (A) thin polymer coated NGP. Zhamu Aruna (USA). 2006 Abstract: A catalyst comprising 0. wrapper material or filter material of a cigarette. The platelets have a thickness no greater than 100 nm and average length. The graphene plates are present in an amount not less than 15 wt. and (C) mixture of fine polymer fibers/ powders and NGPs.. high performance automotive friction plates. USA Filing Date: January 11.N a n o t e ch P a t e n t s R o u n d u p Nanotech Patents Spotlight Gold-Ceria Catalyst for Oxidation of CO US Pat. for reduction of CO emissions • Incorporation into CO2 laser or a fuel cell to reduce CO emissions. 19 . Ohio. Z. Guo Jiusheng (USA). 410 B2 Date of Patent: July 14. battery electrodes. Jang B. Filing Date: June 15. or diameter not greater than 500 nm.: 7. No.560. which is catalytically active for the oxidation of CO at room temperature. Fig.1 – 3. based on the total weight of the platelets and the matrix material combined. Fig. Dayton. 1: CO conversion as a function of gold content Highly Conductive Nano-Scaled Graphene Plate Nano-Composites US Pat. 566. with an areal conductivity of > 200 S/cm2 • NGP reinforced C/C nano-composites show exceptionally high conductivity of greater than 300 S/cm Applications: • Nano-composite thin films or coatings can be used as a thermal management layer in a densely packed micro-electronic device • Other applications include fuel cell bipolar or flow field plates. Fig. 2: Temperature programmed reduction profiles of CeO2 and 1% Au/CeO2 Advantages: • Highly active for room temperature oxidation of CO to CO2 • Increased oxygen storage capacity of support • Good stability and high activity for a prolonged period Applications: • Catalytic exhaust emission systems in vehicles for the oxidation of CO to CO2 • Emission reduction in the cold start of an automobile engine • Incorporation in tobacco cut filter. The catalyst is prepared by a deposition – precipitation technique followed either by aging or ultrasound treatment. aircraft landing gear. CNRS. Brazil and Topchim.cargill. 2009 | www. miniaturized sensor devices. Singapore. They have also obtained a certificate for ISO 9001: 2008 for R & D production and services of CNTs through its subsidiary in China.graphistrength. 2009 | www. August 3. CNano has received regulatory approval from EPA to sell MWNTs through its subsidiary in the USA. The plant will go online in 2011. France’s leading chemical company.com Stem Cell Therapy International. The MWNTs will be produced by catalytic vapor deposition process. July 28.swnano. October 7.nanowerk. energy efficient LEDs and cost effective photovoltaic modules. October 30. France form a tripartite alliance. 2009 | www. Japan. France and Thales. 2009 | Business Week 20 CNT Commercial Production. in collaboration with Purdue University and University of Lousville.nanowerk. The center will help in accelerating the development of commercial applications of CNT based coatings such as lower cost displays. The plant will follow stringent safety and environmental regulations to protect its employees. has announced that it is setting up a 400 tons/year CNT production plant at its Mont site in France. has announced that it has established a carbon nanotube coatings application development center in collaboration with Chasm Technologies Inc. 2009 | http://www. filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy citing a lack of available capital to keep the business going. October 20. Inc. and to prevent any possible health hazards. a leading producer of SWNTs and specialty MWNTs from Oklahoma. touch screens. France form a Tripartite Alliance NTU. Inc. France and Thales. 2009 | www.com/news/ . This joint center located at Chasm’s facility will demonstrate the feasibility of meeting customer’s specifications for CNT coating and printing applications. October 23. Inc. The plant will produce multi-walled carbon nanotubes via an innovative processing route.cnanotechology.com 91% Metallic Conductivity Reported in CNTs Honda.com NanoDynamics Files for Bankruptcy Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) developer NanoDynamics Inc. September 17. CA has commissioned a 500 ton/year manufacturing facility for MWNTs located in China. 2009 | www. to bring out new product to US and EU markets. Merges with Histostem Stem Cell Therapy International.nanotechbuzz.com Southwest Nanotechnologies (SWeNT) Launches CNT Coatings Application Development Center SWeNT. 2009 | Thomson Reuters 2009 NTU.com Arkema to Launch Carbon Nanotube Production Plant in 2011 Arkema. CNRS. announces merger with Histostem and launching of AmStem International.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS Commercial / Business Focus Business News Strategic Partnership between Cargill and Topchim Cargill. have successfully produced CNTs with 91% metallic conductivity (in comparison with 25-30% using other processes) October 28. Belgium announce strategic partnership to produce a sustainable line of products (based on nanotechnology) in Brazil for paper and board applications. 2009 | www. September 28. CINTRA to develop innovative nanotechnologies for future computing. Fabrication and Device Development CNano Commissions World’s Largest CNT Production Plant CNano Technology of Santa Clara. Singapore.com FSU to Spin-off Super-strong Buckypaper Company Florida State University is to spin-off a super-strong buckypaper company to produce the nanopaper on a commercial scale. sensing and communication applications. and will use an entirely bio-based feedstock material. NCL. Useful for security and medical diagnostics applications. Tel: 852-2609-8882 Fax: 852-2603-5454 Nano-encapsulated Aerogel Technology: This technology pertains to a technique for providing polymer or metallic coatings to aerogel insulation to enhance its strength. Singapore . 200718693-5 Contact: Steven Yap Technology / Licensing Officer. The coated glass exhibits self-cleaning. and MW.edu. 6537344. building safety as well as environmental monitoring and protection.res.html Nanostructured Highly-Sensitive Multiplexed Chemical Detector Technology: It is based on nanostructured metal oxide arrays and enables detection of chemicals down to ppb level with extreme sensitivity. These NPs are of dual mode type. 7. 2005 Contact: Nancy E. The Chinese University of Hong Kong. Tel: +65 65500679 A Super Dark Absorber and IR Applications Technology: A super dark absorbing material comprising of CNT arrays prepared by CVD technique.in. etc. shopping malls. catalyst supports. Appln. MMW and IR absorber for stealth applications. color changing sensors. 20090126783. No. HK1063620 Contact: Billy Lam Technology Licensing Coordinator. hot water heating. 06 Oct. Antibacterial and Photocatalytic Nanocrystalline TiO2 Thin Film Coatings on Glass Technology: A transparent nanocrystalline TiO2 thin film is deposited by reverse micelle method. available to license Contact: Innovation Partnerships Office. Pat. Appln. Rashid UC Davis Innovation Access nerashid@ucdavis. Potential applications include solar TPV power generation. low cost production process. U.S.jsc.S. IP Status: Patent pending.S. Tel: +91-20-2590 / 2638. Tel: 530-754-8621 http://techtransfer. i.nasa. 180 Ang Mo kio Avenue 8. automotive glass. It is a simple. No. and find applications in clinical and therapeutic imaging.e. anti-bacterial and photocatalytic properties. 20050220714. gas absorption. 2008 Contact: Beth Bornick Licensing Associate. [email protected]/ NCD/11323. Pune g. Fax: +91-20-2590 / 2639 21 .hk. Tel: 281-483-3809 http://technology. U. Pat.sg. The process is environmentally friendly as it particularly uses naturally occurring biomaterials such as fungus or fungus extract. [email protected] o mm e r ci a l / B u s i n e s s f o c u s Technologies Available for Licensing Magnetic Quantum Dots for Use in Imaging Technology: Nanoparticle (NP) quantum-dot compositions and associated methods. second patent pending.gov Process for the Preparation of Nanosized Colloidal Metal Particles Technology: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of nano sized colloidal metal particles. Potential applications include thermal and acoustic insulation.edu.4.851. HK Standard Pat. IP Status: Patent pending. November 12. IP Status: Chinese Patent No.edu. visible via both optical methods and MRI. Pat.edu. IP Status: US Pat. resistance to vibration and make it impermeable from adsorbing gases.270. 25 March.gov. NASA JSC.prabhakaran@ncl. Tel: 518-276-3297 Preparation and Application of Self-Cleaning. IP Status: Singapore Patent Appln No. Nanyang Polytechnic. 2003 Contact: G. Prabhakaran Head Business Development. Potential applications include curtain walls in commercial buildings.569830 [email protected]. Potential applications in high vacuum systems. filtering and particle capture.nasa. ZL 03100058. IP Status: U. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Jsc-techtran@mail. Hybrid and electric cars are an environmentally friendly alternative and represent an emerging market growing at a fast pace. municipalities Uninterrupted Power Supply: Mobile towers. the cyclic life is greatly improved in comparison to that of the neat electrode (M. mass transit fleets Strategic: Military and aerospace propulsion systems Portable Power Systems: Notebooks. (MBT). tolerance against abuse and recyclability. hospitals. aircraft.com General Office: 312-261-5590. boats. Moreover. they suffer from low cyclic life. energy services. high reliability. Micro Bubble Technology. The characteristics of rechargeable batteries are compared with that of MBT’s CNT battery in Fig. “Applications of carbon nanotubes in the twenty first-century”.4 years (equivalent to 200 full charge/discharge cycles) of ordinary lead-acid batteries can be extended by a minimum of 4 times by the incorporation of carbon nanotubes. when the CNTs are incorporated in the negative electrode. are not suitable for rapid charging and are too heavy and bulky in nature. 1. and can hold at least 2 times as much energy as a rechargeable lithium battery. These electric/hybrid vehicles will demand batteries having rapid charge/discharge capabilities and high power output. thus imparting to a standard lead-acid battery the vastly superior properties shown in Fig. Fig. Inc.com/files/whitepaper_1437. pdf). as compared to 5 to 12 hours for standard batteries. The short life of about 3 . electronics Electric Power Grid: Utilities. South Korea has recently developed a promising CNT battery technology. The other potential applications of MBT CNT battery also include the following: Transportation: EV/PHEV. However. data centers. A CNT battery has the capacity to store 8 times as much energy as the traditional leadacid battery. Addition of CNTs to the electrodes of lead-acid batteries results in significant improvement in their conductivity. Korea took effective control of EcoloCap..1: Characteristics of rechargeable batteries vs the CNT lead-acid battery (charging time in hours is shown in brackets) 22 Contact: Michael Siegel. Endo et al. MBT. Carbon Nanotube Lead-Acid Batteries (“CNT Batteries”) have the potential to change the scenario of the energy storage market in the near-term by offering superior performance compared to existing lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. 1. appliances. Toll Free: 866-479-7041 . IL. buses.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS Emerging Nanotechnology Products Carbon Nanotube Lead-Acid Batteries Lead-acid batteries are a popular choice for automotive applications on account of their low cost. it has been found that the CNT battery is able to deliver 380 miles between charges as against 50-100 miles for a standard leadacid battery. President & CEO Micro Bubble Technology and EcoloCap. for high power applications. MBT also employs a new type of electrolyte with CNT. ruggedness. The CNT battery technology has the potential to revolutionize the hybrid and electric car industry as it offers a unique battery that far exceeds anything currently available at this time. power tools. USA ms@microbubbletech. The most remarkable finding has been that it takes only ten minutes to recharge. http://www. trucks. Canada through 50% ownership. Based on independent laboratory testing. The MBT Company has developed a proprietary method of coating the anodes and cathodes with carbon nanotubes. manufacturing plants Recently. This improvement is attributed to the ability of nanotubes to reinforce the electrode material and prevent it from mechanically disintegrating during charge-discharge cycles.unidym. Barrington. 2009/0114890 A1. This is. USA has developed a composite coating. the ‘blackest’ material existing in the universe. particularly in Micro-ElectroMechanical-Systems (MEMS). The US forces amply demonstrated this when they extensively employed the laser-guided bombs to defeat the enemy during Operation Desert Storm.1 shows an example of a battle tank being camouflaged when it is under attack from a laser guided munition. It was also found by him that SWNTs are at least four times more potent as compared to MWNTs in absorbing the IR radiation. Recently. and thus able to produce uniform dispersion of nanotubes within the polymer matrix.. Assignee: Raytheon Company. polyurethane etc. cloaks it from the guided munition system Source: • Kohei Mizunoa. By reducing the reflection of IR radiation. sends a signal to guide it towards the target. 106. therefore. et al. which. the special coating provided on the tank surface protects it as the coating does not allow the IR radiation to reflect back and be detected by the sensor incorporated within the body of the weapon. micro-pumps etc. which essentially consists of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) embedded in the matrix of a polymer such as an epoxy. This CNT forest absorbs between 97 to 99% of all light. These coatings reflect infrared and ultra-violet radiation and. nanotechnologists from AIST and Nagoya University. • US Patent Application No. The reflected light is detected by a seeker located on the dome of the weapon which. mechanical vibrations at a nano scale can adversely affect the reliability and accuracy of sensitive components such as micro-sensors. Recently. The CNT based composite developed by Imholt is fabricated by an electrophoretic process. Laser guided munitions employ a laser designator to illuminate the target using a laser beam. This coating is capable of absorbing infrared radiation that is incident on the surface of the coated object and. electronics. in turn. PNAS. polyester. Nanocomposite Coating for Reflection Reduction. missiles.1: Nanocomposite coating reduces / eliminates light reflection from the tank and. (2009) 6044-6047. in turn. High damping materials play a crucial role in reducing these vibrations and. USA) Nanoscale Shape Memory Alloys Improve Reliability and Accuracy of MEMs In engineering design. the composite coating may prevent the laser guided munition system from detecting or targeting the coated object. thereby. can reduce or even eliminate the reflection of IR radiation off the coated object. Japan have also discovered that a forest of vertically aligned SWNTs behaves like a perfect black body and absorbs electromagnetic radiation of all wavelengths analogous to a ‘black hole’. Seeker head Laser designator Projectile Nanocomposite coating Polymer matrix Electro-magnetic beam (light or IR) Carbon nanotube Battle Tank Fig. MA. A research team led by Jose San Juan from MIT. are traditionally coated with conventional paints or metallic finishes. A black body absorber from vertically aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes. Here. such as battle tanks or armored vehicles.R & D H igh l igh t s R & D Highlights Carbon Nanotube Composite Coating to Save Battle Tanks from Laser Guided Munitions The advent of Laser guided munitions / bombs has dramatically enhanced the accuracy of guidance and delivery systems in recent years. The military vehicles. thus. USA and Universidad del Pais Vasco. Spain have shown that copper-aluminum-nickel shape memory alloys at nanoscopic dimensions (nanoscale pillars) have 23 . This results in achieving optimum properties of the composite. thereby. Fig. biomedical and robotic systems etc. improving the performance of the systems. Timothy Imholt from Raytheon Company. perhaps. do not provide protection to vehicles or other targets from being tracked and attacked by laser guided weapons. micro-actuators. would endanger the performance of sensitive devices being employed in aircrafts. for different high damping material candidates. (2009) 415-419 • http://www. Raman spectroscopic technique and TEM analysis were used. Yang Xu. Biris. for the sake of comparison. horticulture. Cu-Mn etc. a Nanotechnologist and plant biologist Maria Khodakovskaya. Enkeleda Dervishi. SMAs show very high figure of merit for mechanical damping.h. in their paper recently published in Nature Nanotechnology journal. based on the above figure of merit. is represented by E ½ . where E is Young’s modulus and h is the loss factor. They have found that nanoscale pillars exhibit a figure of merit of about 0.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS an enormous damping capacity to dissipate energy and reduce vibrations. 20. (2009) 3221–3227 . as compared to their bulk counterparts and other high damping materials. The ultra high damping capacity of nanostructured Cu-Al-Ni shape memory materials offers significant potential for reducing vibrations at the nanoscale. Fig. they mixed clean tomato seeds with different concentrations of CNTs and placed them on a standard agar Murashige Skoog (MS) medium and. 3. 2. To understand the mechanism of accelerated germination of plant seeds when exposed to CNTs. They observed that the tomato seeds with CNTs (10. Juan and his team have made a comparative study of the energy dissipation capacity. Nature Nanotechnology. Schuh. Carbon Nanotubes Affect Seed Germination and Plant Growth Arkansas researchers have made a remarkable discovery by exposing tomato plant seeds to CNTs. triggering rapid germination and enhanced growth of seedlings. ACS Nano. In their study. which is more than double that of bulk single crystal of Cu-Al-Ni alloy and is substantially higher than other bulk high damping material candidates as depicted in Fig. The researchers speculated two possibilities. Further they noted the germination percentage rate was substantially higher in the case of seeds treated with CNTs as shown in the following enclosed table. a and their colleagues at the University of Arkansas used multiwall nanotubes for their experiment. 2: Figure of merit for optimizing high damping capacity and stiffness for various high damping materials Source: • Jose San Juan. the MS medium without CNTs was used for carrying out control experiments. Nó and Christopher A. Source: Mariya Khodakovskaya. 40 mg/ml) germinated on third day while the tomatoes without CNTs did not germinate during that period. The exact mechanism by which CNTS can support water uptake inside a seed is not yet clear. Zhongrui Li. “Nanoscale-Shape Memory Alloys for Ultrahigh Mechanical Damping”. The figure of merit for a stiffness design.induced martensitic transformation can occur in nanoscale volumes and it also exhibits strong size effect. This analysis suggested that CNTs could significantly enhance the water uptake in the plant seeds. This is expected to pave the way for the development of nano-scale and micro-scale futuristic devices. Fumiya Watanabe and Alexandru S. Shape memory alloys (SMAs) like Ti-Ni. The researcher found that the CNTs are able to penetrate the hard outer coating of the seed and the process of seed germination was accelerated and significantly shortened the germination period. have the intrinsic high damping capacity on account of their tendency to undergo reversible transformations between austenite and martensite phases when the alloy is subjected to either changes in temperature or applied stress.asp/newsID=18346 24 It has been suggested that the discovery of enhanced seed germination by CNTs could have several implications in the field of agriculture. with maximum damping per unit volume. Alexandru S. Cu-Al –Ni. Juan and his co-authors. Maria L.azom. Biris. The hysteretic movement between austenitic / martensitic interfaces dissipates large amount of mechanical energy resulting in high damping capacity. and energy (production of bio-fuels). have shown that the reversible stress . These clearly demonstrated that nanotubes are able to penetrate the seed coating. 4. TGA analysis was carried out to determine the amount of moisture present in the seeds. namely (i) CNTs can create new pores for water permeation by penetration of seed coat or (ii) the CNTs are able to regulate gating of the existent water channels in the coating of seeds. At nanoscale dimensions.com/news. Meena Mahmood.9. The researchers also found that there was a dramatic increase in vegetative biomass of the germinated seedlings developed using CNTs. when these metal containing nanotubes are used in applications such as microelectronics or composites. Worsley MA. and Fritz-Haber Institut der Max-PlanckGesellschaft) to take up this challenge and make a remarkable discovery that the carbon nanotubes can be grown without a metal catalyst. Firstly. Shaw EL. semiconducting. ceramics etc. Recently. These metal-free carbon nanotubes would boost applications like carbon fiber composite plies stitched with carbon nanotubes for making strong aircraft skins or other high performance structural components. Even the purified CNTs contain a significant amount of metal residue. M.. This innovation has far-reaching implications for the production of carbon nanotubes on a commercial scale. chemical and biochemical fields. varistor etc.and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes”. These eco-friendly CNTs can also be used for medical and health related applications. the CNTs are grown using metallic nano-particle catalysts like Fe. such as an ingredient (a necessary nutrient) in breakfast cereal. for the first time. Secondly. 131 (34). In this method. Asiri of the King Abdul-Aziz University. In nanostructure form. MoberlyChan WJ. 2009. The group has further hypothesized that oxygen-deficient zirconia may be more active than stoichiometric zirconia. metals. “Nanoscale Zirconia as a Nonmetallic Catalyst for Graphitization of Carbon and Growth of Single. ZrO2 grown nanotubes appear to assemble directly on the surface. J. Cu.S. Ta etc. without the undesirable side effects of carcinogenic transition metals. Nano scale ZnO finds wide ranging applications. Soc. Source: Steiner SA 3rd. Hart AJ. as an antibacterial cream. it shows high catalytic efficiency and strong adsorption characteristics. Their approach of making nano rods is environmentally safe and does not produce any toxic chemicals. Instead of dissolving into the nanoparticle and precipitating out. Zinc oxide possesses unique optical. Al-Shahry of the King Khalid University and A. Shah and M. they tend to react unfavorably with materials like polymers. Schlögl R. Ni. Wardle BL. In their approach. They have demonstrated that nanoparticles of zirconia catalyze the growth of SWNTs and MWNTs by the thermal CVD process. Am. as a biosensor in UV detector. Co. in ointments to protect from UV radiation. that are typically present.G r e e n e r N a n o t e ch n o l o gi e s Greener Nanotechnologies Eco-friendly Carbon Nanotubes Grown Using Oxide Catalysts Thermally assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a well established technique for the production of carbon nanotubes. Bayer BC. Hofmann S. Sn. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. The above mentioned problem of metal-induced toxicity has prompted Professor Brian Wardle and his colleagues from MIT (in collaboration with researchers from University of Cambridge.M. zinc metal powder is added to water and subjected to intense ultrasonic radiation followed by heating to 25 . These nano rods will pave the way for new applications in medical. Baumann TF. Blume R. The presence of these heavy metal catalysts is a matter of concern due to the two following reasons. Au. Therefore. Chem. Saudi Arabia have discovered an amazingly simple and economical method to synthesize ZnO nano rods of 30-100 nm diameter. They have also found. in cosmetics. pp 12144–12154 Non-toxic and Ecofriendly Process for Making Nano-scale Zinc Oxide Researchers from Saudi Arabia have discovered a safe and biocompatible processing route for producing zinc oxide nano rods.. piezoelectric and magnetic properties. the toxic heavy metals are a health hazard if these metal containing CNTs are to be used for biomedical applications. A. most of the commercial CNTs are always associated with these toxic metal catalysts. The mechanism of growth in the above Thermally Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) CH4 H2 Zirconia Nanoparticles Substrate case may be completely different from that of metal nanoparticle grown nanotubes. that an oxide which is not reducible under CNT growth conditions can catalyze CNT growth. P. free CNTs are likely to be released to the environment during their production or disposal and there is an apprehension that these ultimately will find their way into the body. ensuring that risks to human health and environment are minimal.”Nano Letters. biological detection and therapy. to ensure biofouling-free ship hulls. there are concerns with regard to potential health risks. which ultimately leads to the biodegradation of CNTs making them environmentally benign. which can otherwise hurt the bright prospects of developing CNT products for consumer and industrial applications. in nanomedicine applications such as imaging. efforts are being directed towards developing techniques for minimizing the toxicity of CNTs via environmentally benign manufacturing routes.. the nano rod product could be used for medical and other applications. International Journal of Nanoparticles. Fig.nanogate.. led by Dr. http://www... as a large number of CNT-based products are being introduced in the market. settle on the ship hulls and increase the weight of a ship considerably. N. http://www. 8. Currently.de/en/ . CNTs are either deliberately injected or implanted in the human body. The biofouling organisms. thereby causing greater resistance during transport and leading to higher fuel consumption. highly toxic biofouling coatings have been developed. In order to deal with this problem. Alexander Star. This coating contains particles of poly-electrolytic fluorotensile complexes (PEFTs). L. smooth. “Zinc Oxide Nanorods Prepared at Low Temperatures without Catalyst”. A. Germany has recently developed an innovative non-toxic coating using nanotechnology. The team initially oxidized the CNTs using sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide to remove the residual metal catalyst. making the CNTs soluble in aqueous environment. Volume: 22. (2008) 3899-3903 Source: • M. scratch-resistant and UV resistant. which is relevant because of two reasons. a highly oxidizing intermediate forms from the HRP. Kapralov. Thus. (2009) 87-94. Source: Allen.. non-toxic and benign solvent. one has to make the coating durable. X-ray and field emission electron microscopy were used to reveal the structure. However. It was found that during the above process. CNTs were treated with HRP in the presence of hydrogen peroxide for the period of 16 weeks at 4oC. Gou.. like mussels. barnacles etc. these coatings affect the reproduction system of marine creatures and accumulate themselves in the food chain. These above process offers great promise to diminish the environmental and health concerns. 2. since water is considered to be a safe.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS about 200˚C for 24 hours.. Secondly. 2617-2621 • “Simple approach for the synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods”. Modern Physics Letters B (MPLB). A. In view of the above. there is a growing concern about the toxic effects of CNTs in the form of inflammation and apoptosis. This novel non-stick coating is based on the principle of low surface energy. Shah. Subsequently. Nanogate Technologies GmbH. algae. Konduru. The new Nanogate nonstick coating has proven its effectiveness in lab tests and during extensive trials on ship hulls. Source: Nanogate Technologies GmbH. B. hard. 1: Surface energies of different materials Low surface energy of the coating makes it both hydrophobic and oleophobic in nature.inderscience. Vlasova. has found a way to mitigate the toxic effect of CNTs by degrading them through enzymatic catalysis using the natural enzyme horsedish peroxidase (HRP). Nanogate has been able to achieve these multifunctional characteristics by incorporating ceramic nanoparticles in the coating. P. 26 Biofouling is one of the issues of great concern in the shipping industry due to its economic and environmental consequences. which posess surface energies even lower than that of Teflon (PTFE) as shown below. Kichambare. However. “Biodegradation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes through Enzymatic Catalysis. The team is of the opinion that. A research team from the University of Pittsburgh. Kagan.com/ Nanotechnology-based Non-toxic Antifouling Coatings Environmentally Safe Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) by Biodegradation Lately.A. Issue: 26 (2008) pp. to optimize the anti-fouling attributes. V and Star. nanosensors for medical diagnostics. antibacterial applications of nanosilver. (Sun Pharma). etc. Dabur Pharma has taken a significant step forward by launching Nanoxel – a novel drug delivery system for the widely used anti-cancer drug. nanodiagnostics. The technology has been already transferred to American Bioscience Inc.I ND I AN S C ENAR I O Indian Scenario Status of Nano-biotechnology in India Biotechnology. USA. formulations and delivery systems that can be realized through application-oriented R & D. India has significant potential for growth in nanomedicines. A brief activity status of key technological developments in the Indian nanobiotech industry is provided below: Starkey India. Also. Shantha Biotechnics. which uses electron spin for sensing signals and storing information) Source of Technology: Starkey. are being commercialized by companies like Transgene Biotek Ltd. and Natco Pharma are working towards commercialization of nanodrugs. USA Dabur Pharma. and is aggressively pursuing R & D in the area of drugs and formulations. drug delivery. Gwalior has developed a typhoid detection kit using nanosensors based on a technology from IISc. Noida Activity/ Technology: Destiny hearing aid (sensor technology based on GMR switch. the Indian pharma industry will treble its growth to US$ 50 billion and will be among the top ten global pharma players. The recent McKinsey report states that. Amphotericin B that have been transferred to companies like Panacea Biotech. Chennai Activity/ Technology: Antimicrobial spray (silver nanoparticles and herbal extracts) Source of Technology: In-house University of Delhi. IICT etc. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Bangalore to address health related problems such as typhoid in third world countries. Over the last few years. Recently. while companies like Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Many other companies have developed technologies related to nano fingerprinting and nanodiagnostics using their in house capabilities. by 2015. Ltd. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) is developing regulatory approval guidelines for nanotechnology based drugs and standards for their toxicological tests in nano-based drug delivery systems. the Indian nano-biotech industry is rapidly emerging as a major global player. American Bioscience Inc. nanosilver based applications developed by Agharkar Research Institute. etc. USA Bhaskar Centre for innovation and Scientific Research. and Virtuous Innovation. etc. It will provide tremendous opportunities in the area of generics. Nanotechnology is certain to play a synergetic role in the bio-pharma sector. molecular imaging.. drug targeting. New Delhi Activity/ Technology: A process of entrapping genetic materials in nanoparticles of inorganic compounds to form non-viral carriers. USA Source of Technology: In-house 27 . Paclitaxel. Hyderabad Activity/ Technology: Topical emulsion for oestrogen therapy (micellar nanoparticles technology) for drug delivery Source of Technology: Novavax. pharmaceutical and healthcare sectors in India are experiencing an unprecedented growth over the last few years and the country is poised to become a global hub. DRDE. for the bio-pharma industry. Lifecare Innovations Pvt. New Delhi Activity/ Technology: Launched Cancer drug Nanonxel (with nano polymer base) last year and is launching Docetaxel using nanotech drug delivery this year Source of Technology: Delhi University and Dabur Research Foundation Bharat Biotech. University of Delhi has developed path-breaking technologies related to ophthalmic delivery and formulations of AmB. a nanotechnology-based novel drug delivery system for sustained release of anti-TB drugs has advanced to completion of toxicology studies Source of Technology: In-house and PGIMER.. Hyderabad Activity/ Technology: Launched its first nanotechnology drug. IIT-Bombay. targeted drug delivery. Expecting to license the products shortly Source of Technology: Abraxis Biosciences. USA Source of Technology: In-house Panacea Biotech. Pd etc. Bangalore and typhoid detection kit from DRDE Activity/ Technology: Anti-counterfeit technology for drugs (nano-fingerprinting technology) Lifecare Innovations Pvt. Source of Technology: Agharkar Research Institute.S. Chandigarh Cadila Pharma. Mumbai Activity/ Technology: Developed a cardic diagnosis product iSens using nanotechnology that provides the exact reading of an individual’s heart. Mumbai Activity/ Technology: The company has applied for patents not only for a gene repair therapy called Mitsanika. Fe. Chandigarh 28 Bilcare Ltd. Hyderabad Activity/ Technology: A process for preparing pharmaceutical formulation of Amphotericin B or other polyene antibiotics entrapped into nanoparticles of copolymeric micelles Source of Technology: University of Delhi Transgene Biotek Ltd. nephrolithiasis. Gurgaon Activity/ Technology: Lifecare Innovations has indigenously developed Fungisometm. Hyderabad Activity/ Technology: Drug delivery system for oral insulin (using biodegradable polymeric nano-particles loaded with human insulin or hepatitis–B surface antigen as a carrier) Source of Technology: Transgene and IICT. Mohali Activity/ Technology: Developing regulatory guidelines for approving nanotechnology based drugs to come out with standard parameters to test nanotoxicity in nano based drug delivery systems Source of Technology: In-house . Ltd. Pune Electrical Engineering Department. Hyderabad Virtus Techo Innovations. Albupax is the first generic version of the international brand Abraxane and consists of Paclitaxel in an Albumin bound nano-particle form Source of Technology: Abraxis Bio-sciences.. Au. which is used in the treatment of breast cancer.NANOTE C H I NS I G H TS Biocon. They have also developed a silicon locket as a part of a complete suite for cardiac monitoring and diagnosis. Bangalore Velbionanotech. Ahmedabad Activity/ Technology: Ophthalmic delivery using polymeric micelles nanoparticles Activity/ Technology: Nano-sensor based typhoid detection kit (recombinant DNA technology and immunological technique for rapid detection) Source of Technology: Delhi University Source of Technology: Nano sensor from IISc. antimicrobial agents and mitigation of pollutants.A. Albupax.a Liposomal Amphotericin B. In addition. but for various other bio-engineering applications using nanotechnology Nano Cutting Edge Technology (Nanocet). Mumbai Activity/ Technology: Biostabilized nanoparticles like Ag. New Delhi Activity/ Technology: A pharmaceutical formulation of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs into polymeric micelles nanoparticles for ocular delivery in Nimesulide Source of Technology: University of Delhi Shantha Biotechnics. diagnostics. (stone in the urinary tract) and diabetes. Source of Technology: In-house Panacea Biotech. in the areas of cancer hyperthermia. which is being used in many hospitals Source of Technology: In-house Natco Pharma. Bangalore Activity/ Technology: Breast cancer nanodrug Abraxane (paclitaxel protein and albumin bound medicine) Activity/ Technology: Developed nanotech-based treatments for atherosclerosis (arterial plaque). U. Pune Source of Technology: In-house National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER).. USA | http://www. Tamilnadu. 2010.smith@nano. Europe 22-23 February 2010. Mumbai [email protected]/ .edu. Singapore www.ksrct.iconsat2010.net/iconn2010/ Nanomedicine: Visions for the Future | service@sme. Nano and Micro Technologies 10-15 February. Optoelectronics and Photonics Technologies (NOPT 2010) 26-28 February 2010.Rangasamy College of Technology (Autonomous).org Nano and Giga Challenges in Electronics.edu/ European Conference on Nanofilms 2010 22-25 March 2010.edu Workshop on Nanotechnology for Sustainable Energy Solutions and on Challenges in the Innovation Environment of Nanomedicine http://www. 2010.vinf.htm ICONN 2010 24-26 February. 2010.) Namakkal (Dt. Kish Island.in | International Conference on Synthesis. Darling Harbour. Japan nanotech@ics-inc. 2010.ac.5.in International Conference on Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology December 13-16.org/nopt/index.637 215.org http://www.nano.6. 2010. INDIA nano2010@ksrct. SRM University. Netherlands. [email protected] | http://www.nanotechexpo. Canada [email protected] | http://www. Hilton Phoenix East / Mesa.8 Conf.sme. Seoul. Photonics and Renewable Energy 10-14 August. Netherlands carrie.co.ac. AZ.htm | http://ns2010. Maarten. 2010.jp/en/ International Conference on Nanoscience and Technology (ICONSAT-2010) includes a One Day Satellite Workshop on Cancer and Nanotechnology: Therapeutics and Diagnostics 17-20 February. Liege. Tower.S.net | http://asdn.in | http://www. Characterization. Ontario.nano.sharif. Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre.R Kalvinagar .net/ngc2009/ 24-25 February 2010. PSG College of Technology. Australia [email protected] Events ICONM 2010: The Fourth International Conference on Quantum.uk/ conferences/nanomed2010/overview. Chennai. OECD (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development).). 2010. 4.com [email protected] http://www.org.srmuniv. psgicon2010@gmail. Amsterdam. K. Kattankulathur603203.org Nano Manufacturing Conference and Exhibits 14-15 April. Sharif Unniversity International Campus.jp | www.oecd. Antilles www. India. Iran [email protected] | http://www.com. 2010.psgtech.org 2010 International Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICONN) 22-26 February 2010. Mesa. KIST. East Exhibition Hall.org.eu/ecnf/ | http://www. Tiruchengode (Tk.com Nano Tech 2010. Tokyo Bigsight. Hamilton. Consolidation and Modelling of Nanomaterials (ICON 2010) 5-6 March.eu oecddirect@oecd. IIT Bombay.edu/icon2010 3rd Conference on Nanostructures 10-12 March. NH Amsterdam Hotel.ac.in | 2010 International Conference on Nanotechnology.S.ac.org/conferences2010 nopt@vip163. Korea info@ecnf. International Nanotechnology Exhibition and Conference 17-19 February. St.com. Coimbatore psgicon2010@yahoo. Belgium. K. • Create an exclusive Indian patents database related to nanotechnology to aid the growth of nano S & T in Indian industry. financial institutions and venture capitalists. with nanoresearchers from universities/academic institutions.. policy makers. The centre has been set up to foster the exchange and dissemination of advanced technological knowledge and expertise to meet the needs of the nanoresearchers. A. CKMNT has been partially funded by the Department of Science and Technology (DST).Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience & Technology CKMNT was launched on 1st April 2009 at Hyderabad by the International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI) as one of its project centres. 2700 7032 Telefax: +91 40 2700 7031 E-mail: info@ckmnt. 1st Floor. The objectives of CKMNT are as follows: • Create and maintain a comprehensive one-stop nanoscience and nanotechnology database.. CII etc. of India) 12-5-32/7.P. of India in a project mode and would help in fulfilling the objectives of the Nano Mission of DST. • Create awareness regarding the potential of nano S & T among the Indian industries and industrial associations like FICCI.ckmnt. Assocham.com Website: www. Govt. and thereby catalyze commercialization of nanotechnology in the country. • Generate value-added state-of-the-art nanotechnology reports. Tarnaka. Secunderabad-500 017. to cover all aspects of business as well as science and technology. • Hosting an exhaustive website that will play a key role in publicizing various activities of the Nano Mission and promote nano S & T in India. Vijayapuri Colony. Department of Science & Technology. industry. ACMA.com . • Provide updated information to DST and other Govt. national labs. India Telephone: +91 40 2700 0251. reviews. Govt. of India agencies pertaining to the status of nanotechnology in India/abroad in the form of reports on specific topics of interest. newsletters etc. Services offered: • Nanotechnology Knowledge Database • Nanotechnology Value Added Reports • Nano Lab Bulletins • Newsletter • Nanotechnology Monitoring Services • Indian Patent Database • Patent Services Centre for Knowledge Management of Nanoscience & Technology (A Project of ARCI. government agencies and industries as the primary target beneficiaries.