Music of the Lowlands of Luzon 1: Music for Liturgay and Devotional MusicMusic of the Lowlands of Luzon 1: Music for Liturgy and Devotional Music The music of the Lowlands of Luzon, particularly on the Music for Liturgy and Devotional Music.. The Lowlands of Luzon consist of several ethnolinguistic groups.. Throughout the lesson, one will discover how the people of the Lowlands of Luzon express their feelings towards each other and the environment, their history, and their religious beliefs through voice and musical instruments. A group performance inspired by the Lowlands’ musical examples will culminate the educational experience. Vocal Music – 1. The Mass -, a form of sacred musical composition, is a choral composition that sets the invariable portions of the Eucharisticliturgy (principally that of the Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion, and Lutheranism) to music. Most Masses are settings of the liturgy in Latin, the liturgical sacred language of the Catholic Church's Roman liturgy, but there are a significant number written in the languages of non-Catholic countries where vernacular worship has long been the norm. For example, there are many Masses (often called "Communion Services") written in English for the Church of England. Musical Masses take their name from the Catholic liturgy called "the Mass" as well. Masses can be a cappella, that is, without an independent accompaniment, or they can be accompanied by instrumentalobbligatos up to and including a full orchestra. Many Masses, especially later ones, were never intended to be performed during the celebration of an actual mass Songs in Mass a. Kyrie is the first movement of a setting of the Ordinary of the Mass: Kyrie eleison; Christe eleison; Kyrie eleison (Κύριε ελέησον. Χριστέ ελέησον. Κύριε ελέησον) Lord have mercy; Christ, have mercy; Lord, have mercy. glorificamus te. . almighty God the Father. Deus Pater omnipotens. Famously. Domine Fili unigenite. we bless You. we glorify You. qui tollis peccata mundi. Qui sedes ad dexteram Patris. miserere nobis. unlike the rest of the mass which is Latin. Son of the Father.This is from the ancient (Biblical New Testament) Greek language. b. where the two appearances of the phrase "Kyrie eleison" consist of identical or closely related material and frame a contrasting "Christe eleison" section. adoramus te. Lord God. Domine Deus. to You for Your great glory. suscipe deprecationem nostram. and on earth peace to men of good will. We praise You. we give thanks propter magnam gloriam tuam. only begotten Son. Lamb of God. Domine Deus. gratias agimus tibi Glory to God in the highest. Mozart sets the "Kyrie" and"Christe" texts in his Requiem Mass as the two subjects of a double fugue. Filius Patris. Kyrie movements often have a structure that reflects the concision and symmetry of the text. Rex caelestis [coelestis]. Gloria is a celebratory passage praising God and Christ: Gloria in excelsis Deo et in terra pax hominibus bonae voluntatis. benedicimus te. qui tollis peccata mundi. who taketh away the sins of the world. Jesu Christe. Many have a ternary (ABA) form. Laudamus te. Lord Jesus Christ. heavenly King. we adore You. Agnus Dei. Or AAABBBCCC' form is also found later on. miserere nobis. Lord God. the only Most High. the Gloria is commonly the last movement. tu solus Altissimus. . Who sits at the right hand of the Father. have mercy upon us. the only Lord. of all things visible and invisible: Et in unum Dominum. visibilium omnium et invisibilium. And in one Lord. In Mass settings (normally in English) composed for the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer liturgy. the Father Almighty factorem cœli et terrae. et ex Patre natum ante omnia saecula. it is restored to its earlier season. because it occurs in this position in the text of the service. however.Have mercy on us. Amen. Jesu Christe. c. tu solus Dominus. For You are the only Holy One. Maker of heaven and earth. Jesus Christ. Filium Dei unigenitum. Jesum Christum. I believe in one God. is the longest text of a sung Mass: Credo in unum Deum. with the Holy Spirit in the glory of God the Father. Jesus Christ. In Order One of the newer Common Worship liturgy. a setting of the Nicene Creed. Patrem omnipotentem. cum Sancto Spiritu in gloria Dei Patris. You who take away the sins of the world. hear our prayers. Credo. Quoniam tu solus Sanctus. Amen. Light from Light. Lumen de Lumine. et sepultus est. per quem omnia facta sunt. being of one substance with the Father. by Whom all things were made. and was made flesh by the Holy Ghost out of the Virgin Mary. Who for us men and for our salvation came down from Heaven. begotten. Et incarnatus est de Spiritu Sancto ex Maria Virgine. not made. Deum de Deo. God from God. begotten of the Father before all time. consubstantialem Patri. Qui propter nos homines et propter nostram salutem descendit de cœlis. He suffered and was buried: . Deum verum de Deo vero. true God from true God. genitum non factum.the only-begotten Son of God. and was made man: Crucifixus etiam pro nobis sub Pontio Pilato passus. He was also crucified for us under Pontius Pilate. et homo factus est. sedet ad dexteram Patris. Of His Kingdom there shall be no end. qui ex Patre Filioque procedit.et resurrexit tertia die. Et in Spiritum Sanctum. and sits on the right hand of the Father: Et iterum venturus est cum gloria. Dominum et vivificantem. the Lord. And ascended into Heaven. iudicare vivos et mortuos. to judge the living and the dead: cuius regni non erit finis. secundum Scripturas. with glory. Who proceeds from the Father and the Son Qui cum Patre et Filio simul adoratur et conglorificatur: . and Giver of Life. And on the third day rose again according to the Scriptures: et ascendit in cælum. And He shall come again. And I believe in the Holy Spirit. Who. Today. such as World Youth Day. is similarly adored and glorified. Fifth Mode) from theMissa . Who has spoken through the Prophets. Holy. And the Life of the world to come. Confiteor unum baptisma in remissionem peccatorum. Organizers of international celebrations. And I believe in One. specifically Credo III (17th century. qui locutus est per prophetas. Amen. Since the Second Vatican Council composers have mostly ignored writing melodies for the Credo in vernacular languages. And I expect the Resurrection of the Dead: et vitam venturi saeculi. the Creed is usually recited by the congregation. Amen. Catholic. sanctam. Et unam. catholicam et apostolicam Ecclesiam. Et expecto resurrectionem mortuorum. I confess one Baptism for the remission of sins. with the Father and the Son. have been encouraged by Rome to familiarize congregants in the Latin chants for the Our Father and the Credo. and Apostolic Church. While most hymnal settings keep the second person pronoun. .S. Heaven and earth are full of Your glory. This is most notable in J. Sanctus. pleni sunt coeli et terra gloria tua Holy. all of whom thus sing the prayer of Jesus and the shared belief of the universal Church in the same language. Mighty in Days of Old. other settings change the second person pronoun to the third person.de Angelis (the Mass of the Angels). d. A variant exists in Lutheran settings of the Sanctus. e. Hosanna in excelsis Hosanna in the highest. Holy Lord God of Hosts. and Felix Mendelssohn's setting of the Heilig! (German Sanctus) from his Deutsche Liturgie also use the third person. Holy. Bach's Mass in B minor. Blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord Hosanna in excelsis is repeated after the Benedictus section. Martin Luther's chorale Isaiah. where the text reads gloria ejus ("His glory"). Benedictus The Benedictus is a continuation of the Sanctus: Benedictus qui venit in nomine Domini. often with musical material identical to that used after theSanctus. or very closely related. Sanctus Dominus Deus Sabaoth. Sanctus The Sanctus is a doxology praising the Trinity: Sanctus. The purpose of singing these two texts in Latin is to engender a sense of unity in the faithful. the music often would go on so long that it would run into the consecration of the bread and wine. who takes away the sins of the world. Lamb of God. This practice was forbidden for a period in the 20th century. Agnus Dei. This was considered the most important part of the Mass. However. Agnus Dei The Agnus Dei is a setting of the "Lamb of God" litany: Agnus Dei. f. qui tollis peccata mundi. have mercy upon us. and then continue it after the consecration is finished. miserere nobis. Lamb of God. . have mercy upon us. Agnus Dei.In Gregorian chant the Sanctus (with Benedictus) was sung whole at its place in the mass. miserere nobis. who takes away the sins of the world. Lamb of God. qui tollis peccata mundi. qui tollis peccata mundi. who takes away the sins of the world. as composers produced more embellished settings of the Sanctus text. so composers began to stop the Sanctushalfway through to allow this to happen. . while "dona nobis pacem" is replaced by "dona eis requiem sempiternam" (grant them eternal rest). suffering & death of Christ Comes from Spanish word “cenaculo” meaning cenacle -> room where the Last Supper took place takes at least 8 nights -> (Pam Sunday – Easter) Uses both songs and recitation Focuses on Christ’s meek submissiveness People in play do so for entertainment and because of their holy vows Performed on a proscenium-type stage with painted cloth or paper backdrops called telon Modernization . In a Requiem Mass. the words "miserere nobis" are replaced by "dona eis requiem" (grant them rest). grant us peace. 4. 2. Pastores 3. Senakulo What is Senakulo? Lenten play depicting the life. Moro-moro/Komedya.dona nobis pacem. Ana Has been organizing these plays for over 22 years Add social commentary to the play Sources http://en.org/index. . This tradition is called “Pabasa”. courtship and special effects may be added Street Senakulos A form of penance reenact sufferings of Jesus on his way and on the cross people participating as Jesus suffer the physical harm Jesus did crucifixion Whipping Crowning with thorns Manila Mobile Theatre Segment of Tanghalang Sta. Pabasa ng Pasyon What is Pabasa? Every year during Holy Week celebrations some Filipino Catholics get together.wikipilipinas.php?title=Senakulo 5.Don’t last as long -> some can last only 2 hours Focus more on Christ’s courageous motives rather than his submissiveness May be presented in different types of venues Comedy. Salubong. they chant it or read it in a tune. Why do we celebrate this festival? We celebrate this festival to commemorate the death of Jesus Christ in a solemn and calm manner compared to the other traditions. Singing the whole book phrase by phrase.php. An Extra-Liturgical Activity It is an Easter Sunday ritual done before dawn at exactly 4am Reenacts the Risen Christ’s meeting with His mother Originated from Marinduque . Which are often held in community chapels. But instead of reading it.com/index.2011. SOURCES >Oic_ed.option=com_content&view=article&id=321%3Aaqu otpabasaaquot-a-filipino-chatholic-tradition-during-the-holy-weekcelebration&catid=39%3Aedisonism&Itemid=1 6.Pabasa starts on a Holy Wednesday until Good Friday.. line per line. from http://edisonism. How do we celebrate this festival? Pabasa festival is more like a tradition when old folks in particular read a book called “Pasyon” ( The Passion of Christ ). Retrieved on February 21. A Filipino Catholic tradition during Holy Week. Bulacan and Rizal Now. lifts the mourning lambong (veil of the grieving)off image of the Mother Confetti is thrown into the air and songs of joy are sung to celebrate the Risen Christ How is it Performed The church bells are rung and there is a procession of the images of Christ and His mother that ends up in the church The participants in the procession are segregated by gender The men follow the image of Christ while the women follow the image of Mary The procession ends with the two groups meeting inside the church where the mass is held What does it Signify? How powerful God is for he sacrificed his only son and brought Him back to life again to save us all from our sins New beginning for us because Jesus gave us a new life by saving us from our sins Music Used Songs of Praise Joyful Hymns At Present Time The Salubong is still being performed on Easter Sunday It is most popular in places like Marinduque. Cebu.It is performed in the churchyard under a specially prepared arch where the veiled image of the Virgin Mary has been placed A child dressed as an angel that is on a high platform being held up by ropes. they now use stronger 12 year olds . instead of using a toddler to lift the veil from the image of Mary. 7. . Flores de Mayo 8. Reyna Elena. it is held every Wednesday and Saturday of May. with every decade followed by Spanish Marian songs Nine day novena Santacruzan Also known as The Sagala Pageant on the last day of Flores de Mayo Procession of “queens” (ex. Bulacan Started after: Immaculate Conception publication of Mariano Sevilla's Flores de Maria or Mariquit na Bulaclac na sa Pagninilaynilay sa Buong Buan nang Mayo ay Inihahandog nang manga Devoto cay Maria Santisima Where it is held In the Bicol region. Reyna ng Sába. Reyna Móra) Pabítin – culminating activity for all the children to enjoy. (especially in Barangay Sabang in Naga City). love and romance Originated in Malolos. Santacuzan A month-long Catholic event to honor the Virgin Mary Finding of the True Cross by Saint Helena and her son Emperor Constantine Introduced during the Spanish era Associated with youth. The ritual is started with the rosary. Iloilo).Las Pinas Bamboo Organ If there’s one thing that is unique about Las Piñas.html http://www. A dose of history The man behind this masterpiece was a Spanish missionary called Fray Diego Cera Dela Virgen Del Carmel. and 902 of which are made out of bamboo while the rest are metal. It has gone through a lot since then. small trinkets.wikipedia.Square trellis to which goodies (candies. which left the bamboo organ open to nature’s elements.html Instrumental Music.ezinemark. 2003.com/en/travel-guide/philippines/philippines-festivals-andevents/flores-de-mayo-or-santacruzan-festival-in-philippines. the first parish priest in Las Piñas during the Spanish era. it is the Bamboo Organ.org/wiki/Flores_de_Mayo http://education. Spain). http://en.asiarooms. Flores de Mayo is still celebrated in many provinces in the Philippines (Laguna. which is considered a Philippine National Treasure. Bulacan.com/philippine_festivals/santacruzan. fruits. it was given this recognition by the National Museum of the Philippines since “it is the only 19th century Bamboo Organ in the Philippines that has survived and is still functioning. Children jump to try to pick the goodies while someone jerks it up and down repeatedly until all the goodies are gone. The rainwater and stones got inside the organ case.com/flores-de-mayo-santacruzan-4dc49f43651.) are tied with strings. Fr.philippinecountry. which destroyed the instrument and made it . there was a typhoon and earthquake that damaged the roof of the church.031 pipes. On November 24. During the 1880s. but he settled in this part of the Philippines from 1795 to 1830. Suspended on a strong branch or pole.” This unique musical instrument is composed of 1. etc. and is kept alive by Filipino communities overseas such as in New Orleans and in Belgium through a special “Euro-Santacruzan” hosted by Filipinos. Diego Cera started with the construction of the bamboo organ in 1816 and it was finished eight years after in 1824. who was in fact.html http://www. He came from the town of Graus (Huesca. as well as Cealwyn Tagle and Edgar Montiano (+) who focused on organ building. Built between 1797 and 1819. The foundation has also sent scholars to Austria who have managed to make a name for themselves in their chosen fields. It had to undergo renovation with the assistance of the local community and the neighboring area. There’s Armando Salarza who specialized in organ performance and church music. Joseph Parish Church in Las Piñas houses the Bamboo Organ. The Bamboo Organ Foundation Inc. in order to restore the structure and the grounds to its original state. in cooperation with the people of Las Piñas. it is also involved in the educational. This place used to be an old Spanish convent. The Festival and the Foundation Ever since the bamboo organ’s rigorous restoration. as well as all kinds of music aficionados. and a number of established foreign and local artists have participated in this event. the museum. After that. is a non-stock and non-profit group that endeavors to preserve and maintain the Bamboo Organ. the bamboo organ returned to its homeland in 1975. organizes this annual musical and cultural event. and the Parish Adoration Chapel. Gerado Fajardo who concentrated on choir conducting. Aside from organizing the yearly festival.unplayable for years. Johannes Klais Orgelbau was the one who was awarded the contract. It attracts a lot of local and foreign tourists. Germany in 1973. It was only in 1972 when the bamboo organ restoration project began. Source: http://laspinascity. Located within the grounds of the church is the Antillan House. Location The St. Architects Francisco “Bobby” Mañosa and Ludwig Alvarez effectively spearheaded the renovation from 1971 to 1975. which serves as the point of entry to the Bamboo Organ Foundation Inc. the people celebrate this work of art through the International Bamboo Organ Festival every February. and it is about ten kilometers south of the heart of Metro Manila. After about a couple of years. spiritual and social enrichment of the people in the city. and is now being used as a passage to the Bamboo Organ as well. and he had the organ shipped all the way to Bonn. its souvenir shop.gov. the pipes were stored in the old sacristy and were forgotten about until around 1917 when a tourist rediscovered its beauty. The Bamboo Organ Foundation Inc.ph/home/article?cat=ls Cultural Context (History and Traditions) – . the church has an “earthquake” Baroque architectural style and is mainly made out of adobe stones. The festival’s aim is to pursue and develop the rich cultural tradition of Las Piñas. and the richly loaded galleons plying between the islands and New Spain were often attacked by English freebooters. and commercial activity in the islands. For centuries before the Spanish arrived the Chinese had traded with the Filipinos. and the East Indies. ruled with the counsel of the powerful royal audiencia. who desired to maintain their monopoly on East Asian trade. and closeness to the sufficient food supplies of the central Luzon rice lands. Manila revolted the attack of the Chinese pirate Limahong in 1574. who disliked the encomienda system. the first Governor-General of the Philippines. Manila had become a leading commercial center of East Asia. and with Moro pirates. There was also trouble from other quarters. arrived in Cebu from New Spain. The Philippines was administered as a province of New Spain (Mexico) until Mexican independence (1821). The Philippines supplied some wealth (including gold) to Spain. Chinese trade and labor were of great importance in the early development of the Spanish colony. carrying on a prosperous trade with China. There were frequent uprisings by the Filipinos. Manila became the center of Spanish civil. the Spanish grip in the Philippines was secure which became their outpost in the East Indies.Permanent Spanish settlement was not established until 1565 when an expedition led by Miguel López de Legazpi. following the defeat of the local Muslim ruler. By the end of the 16th cent. and in 1603 the Spanish murdered thousands of them (later. who were laying the foundations of their rich empire in the East Indies. in spite of the opposition of the Portuguese. India. a location that offered the outstanding harbor of Manila Bay. but evidently none had settled permanently in the islands until after the conquest.Spanish colonisation. made a viceroy in 1589. when López de Legaspi established the Spanish city of Manila on the site of a Moro town he had conquered the year before. One of the most difficult problems the Spanish faced was the . there were lesser massacres of the Chinese). a large population. and the period from 1600 to 1663 was marked by continual wars with the Dutch. Legazpi established a capital at Manila. religious. Six years later. The Spanish governor. but the Chinese came to be feared and hated because of their increasing numbers. arrived. when another expedition from New Spain. commanded by Miguel López de Legaspi. Spanish leadership was soon established over many small independent communities that previously had known no central rule. military. By 1571. Spanish colonization The invasion of the Filipinos by Spain did not begin in earnest until 1564. in response to attacks on them from the Spanish and their native allies. The eventual outcome was a new Christian majority of the main Malay lowland population. This system of indirect rule helped create in a Filipino upper class. from which the Muslims of Mindanao and the upland tribal peoples of Luzon remained detached and separated. the Spanish built on traditional village organization by co-opting local leaders. This achieved an oligarchic system of local control. but without conclusive results until the middle of the 19th century. Occupation of the islands was accomplished with relatively little bloodshed. except for Islam. raided areas of Luzon and the Visayas that were under Spanish colonial control. The Spanish conducted intermittent military campaigns against the Muslims. reinforced by the incorporation of Filipino social customs into religious observances. . and other privileges. and a long war with the Dutch in the 17th century and intermittent conflict with the Muslims nearly bankrupted the colonial treasury. who had local wealth. with the state assuming responsibility for religious establishments. The work of conversion was facilitated by the absence of other organized religions.defeat of the Moros. The Muslims. called the principalía. Among the most significant changes under Spanish rule was that the Filipino idea of public use and ownership of land was replaced with the concept of private ownership and the granting of titles on members of the principalía. The Philippines was not profitable as a colony. There was no direct trade with Spain. Colonial income derived mainly from entrepôt trade: The Manila Galleons sailing from Acapulco on the west coast of Mexico brought shipments of silver bullion and minted coin that were exchanged for return cargoes of Chinese goods. the Jesuit orders became more influential in the Philippines and obtained great amounts of property. One of Spain's objectives in colonizing the Philippines was the conversion of Filipinos to Catholicism. As the power of the Spanish Empire diminished. Church and state were inseparably linked in Spanish policy. high status. Irregular campaigns were conducted against them but without conclusive results until the middle of the 19th century. At the lower levels of administration. partly because most of the population (except the Muslims) offered little armed battle initially. A significant problem the Spanish faced was the invasion of the Muslims of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. which predominated in the south. The pageantry of the church had a wide plea. מMāšîăḥ. with approximately 2.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity Catholic religion Catholicism (from Greek καθολικισμός.Most Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God. meaning "the anointed one". However. "according to the whole") is a broad term for describing specific traditions in the Christian churches in theology and doctrine. liturgy. usually known as the Catholic Church or the Roman Catholic Church. .2 billion adherents. Consequently. in full communion with the Holy See. http://en. Christianity is theworld's largest religion.[1] together with theLatin suffixes -ian and -itas) is a monotheistic[2] religion based on the life andoral teachings of Jesus as presented in the New Testament. a translation of the Hebrew ַחיח ִש ח מ ש. Christos. many others use the term to refer to other churches with historical continuity from the first millennium. known asChristians. western and eastern. and the saviour of humanity whose coming was prophesied in the Old Testament.Christianity Christianity (from the Ancient Greek word Χριστός. fully divine and fully human. For many the term usually refers to Christians and churches. Christians refer to Jesus as "Christ" or the Messiah. catholikismos. ethics and spirituality.