MALAYSIANSTANDARD MS 830:2013 Storage, handling and transportation of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) - Code of practice (Third revision) ...__ ICS: 75.200 Descriptors: liquefied petroleum gas, storage, handling, transportation, piping systems, dispensing stations · © Copyright 2013 DEPARTMENT OF STANDARDS MALAYSIA i .· i I I j DEVELOPMENT OF MALAYSIAN STANDARDS The Department of Standards Malaysia (STANDARDS MALAYSIA) is the national standards and accreditation body of Malaysia. The main function of STANDARDS MALAYSIA is to foster and promote standards, standardisation and accreditation as a means of advancing the national economy, promoting industrial efficiency and development, benefiting the health and safety of the public, protecting the consumers, facilitating domestic and international trade and furthering international cooperation in relation to standards and standardisation. Malaysian Standards (MS) are developed through consensus by committees which comprise balanced representation of producers, users; consumers and others with relevant interests, as may be appropriate to the subject at hand. To the greatest extent possible, Malaysian Standards are aligned to or are adoption of international standards. Approval of a standard as a Malaysian Standard is governed by the Standards of Malaysia Act 1996 [Act 549]. Malaysian Standards are reviewed periodically. The use of Malaysian Standards is voluntary except in so far as they are made mandatory by regulatory authorities by means of regulations, local by- laws or any other similar ways. For the purposes of Malaysian Standards, the folowing definitions apply: Revision: A process where existing Malaysian Standard is reviewed, and updated which resulted in the publication of a new edition of the Malaysian Standard. Confirmed MS: A Malaysian Standard that has been reviewed by the responsible committee and confimned that its contents are current. Amendment: A process where a provision(s) of existing Malaysian Standard is altered. The changes are indicated in an amendment page which is incorporated into the existing Malaysian Standard. Amendments can be of technical and/or editorial nature. Technical corrigendum: A corrected reprint of the current edition which i& issued to correct either a technical error or ambiguity in a Malaysian Standard inadvertently introduced efther in drafting or in printing and which could lead to incorrect or unsafe application of the publication. ' NOTE: Technical corrigenda are not to correct errors which can be assumed to have no consequences in the application of the MS, for example minor printing errors. STANDARDS MALAYSIA has appointed SIRIM Berhad as the agent to develop, distribute and sell Malaysian Standards. For further information on Malaysian Standards, please contact: ,I Department of Standards Malaysia OR SIRIM Berhad Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (Company No. 367474- V) Level 1 & 2, Block 2300, Century Square 1, Persiaran Dato' Menteri Jalan Usahawan Section 2, P. 0. Box 7035 63000 Cyberjaya 40700 Shah Alam Selangor Darul Ehsan Selangor Darul Ehsan i MALAYSIA MALAYSIA I' Tel: 60 3 8318 0002 Tel: 60 3 5544 6000 I Fax: 60 3 8319 3131 Fax: 60 3 5510 8095 http://www.standardsmalaysia.gov.my http:f/www.sirim.my I ! E-mail:
[email protected] E-mail:
[email protected] I I ll . I 1 I MS 830:2013 CONTENTS I Page Committee representation ....................................................................................................vii Foreword .................. ,............................................. :.......................................................... viii SECTION 1: SCOPE AND GENERAL ................................................................................... 1 1.1 Scope ................................................ :........................... .-.................................. 1 1.2 Normative references ........................................................................................ 1 1.3 General properties of LPG ................................................................................ 1 1.4 LPG odorisation ................................................................................................ 2 1.5 Terms and definitions .................................................. ." ..................................... 2 1.6 Qualification of personnel... ............................................................................. 10 SECTION 2: CONTAINER DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION .................. : ............................ 11 2.1 Application .................... :................................................................................. 11 2.2 Design code ... :................................................................................................ 11 2.3 2.4 ~~~~~:~~~~~t~~~~;~::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ii 2.5 Container openings ......................................................................................... 12 2.6 Protection for container openings······························'····································· 13 2.7 Container valves and appurtenances .............................................................. 14 2.8 Protection against physical damage to portable container appurtenances ........ 20 SECTION 3: PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS ................................................................... 21 3.1 Application ..........................................................\ ........................................... 21 3.2 Piping ...................................................•......................................................... 21 3.3 Valves .......................................................................................................-..... 24 SECTION 4: EQUIPMENT ...... :.............................................·.............................................. 26 4.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 26 4.2 Pumps and compressors ................................................................................. 26 4.3 Vaporisers ...................................................................................................... 27 4.4 Strainers ......................................................................................................... 30 4.5 Regulators ...................................................................................................... 30 SECTION 5: CAPACITY, LOCATION AND INSTALLATION OF ABOVEGROUND STORAGE CONTAINERS UP TO FIRST-STAGE REGULATOR ...................................... 32 5.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 32 5.2 Container location and safety distances .......................................................... 32 5.3 Installation (excluding compact units) .............................................................. 39 5.4 Containers for temporary storages .................................................................. 44 5.5 Discharge from safety relief valves .................................................................. 45 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 CONTENTS (continued) Page 5.6 Accessibility to fittings ..................................................................................... 45 5. 7 Signs and notices ............................................................................................ 45 5.8 Illumination ..................................................................................................... 46 5.9 Conveyance .................................................................................................... 46 SECTION 6: CAPACITY, LOCATION AND INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND/MOUNDED STORAGE CONTAINERS UP TO FIRST-STAGE REGULATOR ................................................................................................. 47 6.1 Application .......................... :........................................................................... 47 6.2 Special requir~ments for underground/mounded containers ........................... .47 6.3 Container location and safety distances .......................................................... 48 6.4 Installation ...................................................................................................... 53 SECTION 7: TRANSPORTATION OF LPG ............... ,......................................................... 56 7.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 56 7.2 Vehicle design ................................................................................................ 56 7.3 Accessories'······························· .................................................................... 56 7.4 Transportation of cylinders .............................................................................. 57 7.5 Transportation in road tankers ......................................................................... 58 7.6 Parking .......................................................................................................... 60 SECTION 8: TRANSFER OF LIQUIDS ................................................................................ 62 8.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 62 8.2 Operational safety ........................................................................................... 62 8.3 Venting LPG to the atmosphere ...................................................................... 65 8.4 Pumps and compressors ................................................................................. 65 SECTION 9: FILLING CAPACITIES OF LPG CONTAINERS AND CYLINDERS .................. 66 9.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 66 9.2 LPG capacity of containers ............................................................................. 66 9.3 Compliance with maximum permitted filling ratio requirements ........................ 66 SECTION 10: CYLINDER FILLING ..................................................................................... 69 10.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 69 10.2 Cylinder filling locations and platforms ............................................................. 69 10.3 Cylinder filling ................................................................................................. 70 10.4 Handling and storage of cylinders ................................................................... 72 10.5 Decanting ....................................................................................................... 73 10.6 Cleanliness ..................................................................................................... 75 10.7 Signs and notices.................................. :......................................................... 75 ii ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 CONTENTS (continued) Page SECTION 11: STORAGE OF CYLINDERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE .......................... 76 11.1 Application .......................................... :........................................................... 76 11.2 General requirements ..................................................................................... 76 11.3 Storage within buildings .................................................................................. 76 11.4 Storage outside of buildings ............................................................................ 78 11.5 Signs and notices............................................................................................ 79 SECTION 12: CYLINDERS IN USE ..................................................................................... 80 12.1 Application ................................................................•..........................;.......... 80 12.2 Cylinders in use, outdoor installations ........................ :.................................... 80 12.3 Cylinders in use, indoor installations................................................................ 84 SECTION 13: AUTOMOTIVE LPG DISPENSING STATION .................. :............................. 85 13.1 Application ..................... :................................................................................ 85 13.2 Storage containers ......................................... :................................................ 85 6\~~.;n-~i~g·p~i-~!:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::·:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ 13.3 13.4 13.5 Transfer of LPG from tanker to storage container ............................................ 87 13.6 Signs and notices............................................................................................ 87 13.7 Procedure for dispensing of LPG into fuel containers of vehicles ..................... 87 SECTION 14: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROSTATIC HAZARD PRECAUTIONS ................ 89 14.1 Application·························································'······ ...................................... 89 14.2 Classification of hazardous areas ....................... ~ ............................................ 89 14.3 Extent of classified areas ................................................................................ 89 14.4 Electrical equipment... ..................................................................................... 89 SECTION 15: FIRE PROTECTION ..................................................................................... 94 15.1 Application ...................................................................................................... 94 15.2 General. .......................................................................................................... 94 15.3 Container storages and installations ................................................................ 97 15.4 Cylinder storages and installations .................................................................. 97 15.5 Gas leakage and detection .............................................................................. 98 15.6 Deflection wall.. ............................................................................................... 98 SECTION 16: DESIGN AND USE OF MOBILE GAS-FIRED EQUIPMENT ........................ 100 16.1 General. ........................................................................................................ 100 16.2 Position of LPG vessels on vehicles .............................................................. 100 16.3 Protection ..................................................................................................... 101 16.4 Pipe work valves and fittings ......................................................................... 101 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All Mghts reserved iii MS 830:2013 CONTENTS (continued) Page 16.5 Refuelling procedures ........... :....................................................................... 101 16.6 Maintenance ................................................................................................. 104 Table 1 Design pressures ............................................................................................ 11 Table 2 Container connection and appurtenance requirements for containers above 0.15 kl .......•............................................................................................................ 15 Table 3· Safety distances for direct-fired vaporisers ...................................................... 30 Table 4 Relief valve start-to-discharge setting for regulator ........................... : .............. 31 Table 5 Minimum separation between an LPG container and a storage of gas other than LPG ....... : ........................................................................................................ 33 Table 6 Distance to any opening enclosed underground drain ...................................... 43 Table 7 Inspection of aboveground containers ............................. :.............................. .45 Table 8 Maximum permitted filing ratio for LPG containers and cylinders ..................... 67 Table 9 Maximum permitted liquid volume for containers up to 8 kl water capacity ....... 68 Table 10 Location of storage outside of bui'lding· ............................................................ 78 Table 11 Cylinder location and safety distances ........................................................... :. 80 Table ·12 Safety distance for special case ...................................................................... 83 Table 13 Electrical equipment classified areas ............................................................... 92 Table 14 Fire Protection ................................................................................................ 99 Table 81 Approximate propertes of LPG ..................................................................... 109 Table D1 Rate of discharge for discharge for safety relief valves on containers ............ 112 Table K1 Liquid volume correction factors .................................................................... 124 Table K2 Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers (up to 5 kl water capacity) ....................................................................................................... 125 Table K3 Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers (over 5 kl water capacity) ....................................................................................................... 126 iV ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 CONTENTS (continued) Page Table K4 Maximum filling percentage for underground/mounded containers (all capacities) ............................................................... ,.. ;.., ..................................................... 127 Table L1 LPG cylinder damage limits .............................................................................. 134 Figure 1 Location of aboveground containers in refineries and bulk plants ..................... 35 Figure 2 Location of aboveground containers for bulk storage at consumers' premises. 36 Figure 3 Installation of containers up to 0.5 kl. ........................... c••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37 Figure 4 Location of aboveground con!ainers in automotive LPG dispensing stations ... 38 Figure 5 Location of underground/mounded containers for bulk storage at consumers' premises ............................................................................................................. 50 Figure 6 Location of underground/mounded containers for automotive LPG dispensing stations···································································'-·········································· 51 Figure 7 Location of underground/mounded containers in refineries and bulk plants ..... 52 Figure 8 Safety distances for cylinder filling and cylinder storage ................................... 71 Figure 9 Check for gas leakage in cylinder ...................................................................... 72 Figure 10 Illustration showing two manifolded groups of cylinders .................................... 81 Figure 11 Extent of classified area ..................................................................................... 91 Figure F1 Location of deflection walls .............................................................................. 114 Figure L1 Suggested method of measuring isolated pitting ............................................. 132 Figure L2 Suggested method of measuring general corrosion ........................................ 133 Figure L3 Visual inspection report form ............................................................................ 136 Figure N1 Protective ballard poles for dispenser .............................................................. 140 Annex A Normative references ....................................................................................... 105 Annex B Properties of LPG ............................................................................................. 108 Annex C Pressure testing of pipe work at LPG installations ........................................... 11 0 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 -All rights reserved v MS 830:2013 CONTENTS (concluded) Page AnnexO Rate of discharge for safety relief valves on containers .................................. 111 Annex E Rate of discharge for safety relief valves for LPG vaporisers (other than atmospheric) ..................................................................................................... 113 AnnexF Deflection walls ................................................................................................. 114 AnnexG Emergency procedure guide (for vehicles carrying dangerous goods) ............ 115 Annex H Emergency procedure guide .............................. ~ .............................................. 118 ' Annex J Container filling procedures .............................................................................. 121 AnnexK Method of calculating maximum permitted liquid volume which can be placed in a container at any liquid temperature ............................................................... 123 Annex L Procedures for visual inspection and requalification of cylinders ..................... 128 Annex M Fire safety signs ................................................................. :............................. 137 AnnexN Protective ballard poles .................................................................................... 139 Annex P Refuelling procedures at automotive I,.PG dispensing stations ........................ 141 AnnexO LPG emergency procedures ........ :................................................................... 142 AnnexR How to control LPG leaks and fires .................................................................. 143 vi ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Committee representation The Industry Standards Committee on Petroleum and Gas (ISC H) under whose authority this Malaysian Standard was developed, comprises representatives from the following organisations: Association of Malaysian Oil and Gas Engineering Consultants Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia Department of Standards Malaysia Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers - Malaysian Industrial Gases Manufacturers Group Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia ' Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia Kastam Diraja Malaysia Malaysian Gas Association Malaysian Palm Oil Board Malaysian Plastics Manufacturers Association Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism Ministry of lntemationa! Trade and Industry Petroliam Nasional Berhad PETRON Malaysia Refining & Marketing Bhd PETRONAS Technical Services Sdn Bhd Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Suruhanjaya Tenaga The Institution of Engineers, Malaysia Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS The Technical Committee on Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Related Products which developed this Malaysian Standard consists of representatives from the following organisations: Boustead Petroleum Marketing Sdn Bhd Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia Gas Malaysia Berhad Jabatan Bomba dan Penye!amat Malaysia Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia Langsutra Sdn Bhd Majugas Sdn Bhd Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism PETRONAS Dagangan Berhad Petron Oil and Gas International Sdn Bhd Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd SIRIM Berhad (Secretariat) Suruhanjaya Tenaga Universiti Malaysia Pahang Universiti Teknologi Malaysia ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved vii MS 830:2013 FOREWORD This Malaysian Standard was developed by the Technical Committee on Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Related Products under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Petroleum and Gas. This Malaysian Standard is the third revision of MS 830, Code of practice for the storage, handling and transportation of liquefied petroleum gases. Major modifications in this revision are as follows: a) the definition on "zone 1", "zone 2" and "zone 3" had been rephrased in inline with latest MS lEG 60079-10-1; . b) the requirements for the "qualification of personnel" had been clearly specified; ' c) Sections 2 and 3 had Been rearranged in accordance to its application; d) new table 2 on "Container connection and appurtenance requirements for containers above 0.15 kl" had been incorporated; e) containers up to 0.5 kl water not more than four containers shall be permitted to be installed in a group with zero distances and maximum of two groups of containers are allowed for such purposes; f) the diagram for "Installation of containers up to 0.5 kl" had been incorporated as Figure 3; g) the requirements of fire extinguisher to be in.stalled in the vehicle used for transport LPG had been specified in Subclause 7.3.6; h) the water capacity for the installation of cylinders had been changed from "not exceeding 125 L individual water capacity" to "not exceeding 150 L individual water capacity" which connected for use in commercial, industrial, residential, educational and institutional premises; i) the maximum of four numbers of manifolds permitted with zero distance to a building had been incorporated in 12.2.1 b); j) the requirements for drain had been incorporated as in 12.2.1 e); and k) the diagram for "Illustration showing two manifolded groups of cylinders" had been incorporated as Figure 10. This Malaysian Standard cancels and replaces MS 830:2003. Compliance with a Malaysian Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations. viii ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 -All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Storage, handling and transportation of liquefied petroleum gases (LPG) - Code of practice (Third revision) SECTION 1: SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 Scope This Malaysian Standard specifies requirements for the location, design, construction, commissioning and operation of installations for the storage and handling of LPG. 1.1.1 This standard is not applied to the following: a) Refrigerated storage of LPG or refrigeration systems. b) Plant or equipment in which LPG is processed or produced, or vessels which form an integral part of that processing equip,ment (but do include post manufacturing storage). c) Industrial gas-consuming equipm'ent (seeMS 930). d) Installation of consumer piping or appliances (seeMS 930). e) Marine and .pipeline terminals, natural gas processing plants or petrochemical plants (excluding refineries). 1.2 Normative references The following normative references are indispensable for the application of this standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the normative reference (including any amendments) applies \see Annex A). 1.3 General properties of LPG 1.3.1 LPG, as defined in this standard (see 1.5.33), are gases at normal room temperature and atmospheric pressure. They liquefy under moderate pressure, readily vaporising upon release of this pressure. It is this property which permits transporting and storing them in concentrated liquid form, while normally using them in vapour form. The potential fire hazard of LPG vapour is comparable to that of natural or manufactured gas, except that LPG vapours are heavier than air. The ranges of flammability are considerably narrower and lower than those of natural or manufactured gas. For example, the lower flammable limits of the more commonly used LPG are: Propane: 2.15 % and butane: 1.55 %. These figures represent volumetric percentages of gas in gas-air mixture. 1.3.2 The boiling point of pure normal butane is -0.56 °C, of pure propane -42.2 oc. Both products are liquids at atmospheric pressure at temperatures lower than their boiling points. Vaporisation is rapid at temperatures above the boiling point, thus liquid propane normally does not present a flammable liquid hazard, for additional information of these and other properties of the principle LPG see Annex B. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 1 ~ I ! MS 830:2013 1.3.3 Ammonia Contamination LPG stored or used in systems within the scope of this standard shall not contain ammonia. When such a possibility exists (such as may result from the dual use of equipment) the LPG shall be tested in accordance with B2. 1. 1.4 LPG odorisation 1.4.1 LPG to be odorised LPG shall be odorised by the addition of a warning agent of such character that it is detectable by a distinct odour, down to a concentration in air of not over one-fifth of the lower limit of flammability (see note) (see 1.3.1 and Annex B for flammable limits of the LPG). NOTE. It is recognised that no odorant will be completely effective as a warning agent in every circumstance. It is recommended that odorants be qualified to comply with 1.4.1 by test or experience. Experienc~ has shown that ethyl mercaptan in the ratio of 1.2 kg per 100 kl of liquid LPG has been recognised as an effective odorant ' 1.4.2 Omission of odo~sation a) When specially permitted by the relevant authority, odorisation may be omitted if harmful in the use or further processing of the LPG, or if odorisation will serve no useful purpose as a warning agent in such further use or processing. When so permitted, a large notice shall be prominently displayed on the container indicating that unodorised LPG is being stored or carried; b) Unodorised LPG installations shall be equipped with an emergency shutdown system which will automatically stop the flow of gas if a gas detector senses the presence of a concentration of gas in air of more than 25 % of the lower explosive limit (LEL). Where more tha~ one gas is stored the detector shall be set for that gas with the lowest LEL; c) Gas detectors shall be installed: i) around the installation; ii) at the loading point if direct fill is not being used; and iii) at the point of usage of the unodorised gas. d) Gas detectors shall: i) shut off the flow of gas as in b); and ii) initiate an audible alarm of at least 105 decibels, and a visible alarm. 1.5 Tenms and definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following terms and definitions apply. 1.5.1 aboveground storage container A storage container, no part of which is below ground level, and which is not covered by earth, sand or other similar material. 2 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 1.5.2 approved Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction. In determining the acceptability of installations or procedures, equipment or materials, the authority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with appropriate standards. In the absence of such standard, said authority may require evidence of proper installation, procedure or use. The authority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labelling practices of nationally recognised testing laboratories, inspection, agencies, or other organisations concerned wtth product evaluations which are in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items and the satisfactory performance of such equipment or materials in actual usage. 1.5.3 authority The organisation, office or individual responsible for 'approving' equipment, an installation, or a procedure. 1.5.4 authorised person A person specifically appointed by a LPG marketer to perform the dutie~ of that position. 1.5.5 automotive LPG dispensing station A facility open to the public which consists of LPG storage containers, piping and pertinent equipment, including pumps and dispensing devices, and any buildings, and in which LPG is stored and dispensed into permanently mounted fuel containers' of vehicles. 1.5.6 basement Any storey or storeys of a building which is or are at a level lower than the ground storey. In the context in which the term is used in this standard, where more than 50 % of the perimeter walls are open and of which one shall be the longest side, it shall not be classified as being a basement. 1.5.7 boundary (or site boundary or property boundary) The boundary of the whole of the site under the same occupancy as that on which the installation is included. 1.5.8 bulk plant See 1.5.17. ;~; 1.5.9 cargo tank A container permanently mounted on a tank vehicle chassis for the purpose of carrying liquids. 1.5.1 0 charging See 1.5.19. ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA2013 ·All rights reserved 3 ~ -_ ,,, ~.:.·:-· --_:..-; :~~.,_, I I MS 830:2013 1.5.11 container A pressure _vessel for containing LPG, covering both vessels for bulk storage and transport and smaller vessels such as portable containers for the transporting or storing of the LPG: See also static storage container, portable container, portable storage container, cylinder, cargo tank and skid tank. 1.5.12 container appurtenances Items connected to container openings needed to make a container a gas-tight entity. These include, but are not limited to safety relief valves, excess flow valves, non-return valves, shut- off valves, internal valves, liquid level gauges and pressure gauges. 1.5.13 container assembly An assembly consisting essentially of the container and fittings for all container openings, these include safety relief valves, excess flow valves,· shut off valves, liquid level gauges and protective housings. ' 1.5.14 cylinder A portable container not exceeding 0.15 kl water capacity and used for the storage and transfer of LPG. 1.5.15 direct gas-fired container heater A gas-fired device which applies hot gas from the heater combustion chamber directly to a portion of a container surface in contact w~h LPG liquid. 1.5.16 dispenser (or dispensing device) ' ' A device normally used to transfer and measure LPG for engine fuel into a fuel container, serving the same. purpose for an automotive LPG dispensing station as that served by a gasoline dispenser in a gasoline service station. 1.5.17 distributing plant A facility, the primary purpose_ of which is the distribution of gas aQ<:l which receives LPG in tanker lots, distributing this gas to the end user by portable container (package) delivery, by road or rail tanker, or through gas piping. Such plants have bulk storage and usually have container filling and tanker loading facilities on the premises._ So called 'bulk plants' are considered as being in this category. Normally no persons other than the plant management or plant employees have access to these facilities. 1.5.18 excess-flow valve (or excess,flow check valve) A valve designed to close when the liquid or vapour passing through it exceeds a prescribed flow rate as determined by pressure drop. 1.5.19 fill, filling Transferring liquid LPG into a container. 4 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 1.5.20 filling by mass Filling a container by weighing the LPG in the container. No temperatures detemnination or correction is required as a unit of mass is a constant quantity regardless of temperature. 1.5.21 filling by volume Filling a container by detemnination of the volume of LPG in the container. Unless a container is filled by a fixed maximum liquid level gauge, correction of the volume for liquid temperature is necessary. 1.5.22 filling ratio The ratio between the greatest quantity of LPG pemnitted in a container and the quantity of water at 15 'C, which would completely fill the container. The filling ratio may be either. a) mass filling ratio: The LPG water mass ratio; it varies with the LPG composition but not its temperature; or · b) volumetric filling ratio: The LPG/water volume ratio; it varies with .both LPG composition and tern perature. 1.5.23 fixed liquid level gauge A type of liquid level gauge using a relatively small positive shut off valve and designed to indicate when the liquid level in a container being filled reaches the point at which this gauge or its oonnecting tube communicates with the interior of the container. 1.5.24 fixed maximum liquid levee gauge A fixed liquid level gauge which indicates the liquid level at which the container is filled to its maximum pemnitted filling ratio. 1.5.25 flammable and combustible liquids Liquids as defined in MS 761. 1.5.26 flexible connector A short (not exceeding 1 m overall length) component of a piping system fabricated of flexible material (such as hose) and equipped with suitable connections on both ends. LPG resistant rubber and fabric (or metal), or combination of them. or flexible metal may be used. Flexible connectors are used where there is the need for, or the possibility of, greater relative movement between the points connected than is acceptable for rigid pipe. 1.5.27 float gauge A gauge constructed with a float inside the container resting on the liquid surface which transmits its position through suitable leverage to a pointer and dial outside the container indicating the liquid level. Nomnally the motion is transmitted magnetically through a non- magnetic plate so that no LPG is released to the atmosphere, also called magnetic gauge. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 5 "»! MS 830:2013 1.5.28 gas-free A container or area is considered to be 'gas free' when the concentration of flammable and/or toxic gases in it is within safe prescribed limits for persons to enter. 1.5.29 ground storey (or ground floor) The lowest storey of a building to which there is an entrance from the outside or above the level of the ground at the front of the building. 1.5.30 ignition source See 1.5.54. 1.5.31 industrial plant An industrial facility, wihi,ch utilises LPG incident to plant operations, with bulk storages of LPG and which receives LPG in tanker lots. Normally LPG is used through piping systems in the plant, but may also be used to fill small containers, such as for engine fuel on industrial (i.e. forklift) trucks. Only plant employees have access to these filling facilities. 1.5.32 internal valve A primary shut off valve for containers which has adequate means of actuation and which is constructed in such a. manner that its seat is inside the container and that damage to parts exterior to the container or mating flange will not prevent effective seating of the valve. 1.5.33 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Any fluid ha\l.ing a vapour pressure not exceeding that allowed for commercial propane composed predominantly of the following hydrocarbons, either by themselves or as mixture: propane. propylene, butane (normal butane or iso-butane) and butylenes (including isomers). 1.5.34 load, loading See 1.5.19. 1.5.35 LPG marketer A company which receives LPG in bulk for distribution to the general public or to agents, who in turn sell the LPG to the general public. 1.5.36 LPG system An assembly consisting of one or more containers with a means for conveying LPG from the container(s) to dispensing or consuming devices (either continuously or intermitten~y) and which incorporates components intended to achieve control of quantity, flow, pressure, or state (either liquid or vapour). 1.5.37 magnetic gauge I' :I See 1.5.27. II il I I I 6 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 1.5.38 mounded storage container A storage container, above or partly in the ground, completely covered on all sides by back- filling materials to prescribed requirements. 1.5.39 non-return valve (or check valve) A valve which permits flow in one direction only. 1.5.40 permanent Installation See 1.5.57. 1.5.41 piping, piping systems Pipe, tubing, hose and flexible rubber or metallic hose connectors made up with valves and fittings into, complete systems for conveying LPG in either the liquid or vapour state at various pressures from one point to another. · 1.5.42 portable container A ccntainer designed to be readHy moved, as· distinguished from containers designed for stationary installafions. Portable containers designed for transportation filled to their maximum filling ratio include 'cylinders', 'cargo tanks' and 'skid tanks', all three of which are separately defined. Such ccntainers have all container appurtenances protected in such a manner that they can be safely transported in the filled or partly filled condition. Containers designed to be readily moved from one usage location to another, but substantially empty of product are 'portable storage containe~ and are separately defined. 1.5.43 portable storage container A container similar to, but distinct from those designed and constructed for stationary installation, designed so that it can be readHy moved over the highways, substantially empty of liquid, from one usage location to another. Such containers either have legs or other supports attached, orare mounted on running gear (such as trailer or semi-trailer chassis) with suitable supports, which may be of the fold-down type, permitting them to be placed or parked in a stable position on a reasonably firm and level surface. For large volume, limited duration product usage (such as at construction sites and normally for 12 months or less) portable storage containers function in permanently installed stationary containers. 1.5.44 quick-closing internal valve An internal valve designed to be closed both automatically by the operation of one or more sensing devices (which may be fusible links) and manually from a remote position, by the release of the means of holding the valve open. 1.5.45 quick connectors Devices used for quick ccnnection of the Acme thread or lever cam types. This does not include devices used for cylinder-filling connections. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 7 MS 830:2013 1.5.46 rail tanker A unit consisting of a railway vehicle with a container permanently attached to it, or forming an integral part of the vehicle. 1.5.47 regulator. A device which automatically regulates the outlet pressure of gas passing through it to a predetermined limil 1.5.48 road tanker A road tank vehicle designed for the transportation of LPG, the container being either chassis mounted or of semi-trailer construction. 1,5.49 rotary gauge ' A variable liquid level gaug~ consisting of a small positive shut-off valve located at the outer end of a tube, the bent inner end of which communicates with the container interior. The tube is installed in a fitting designed so that the tube can be rotated with a pointer on the outside to indicate the relative position of the bent inlet end. The length of the tube and the configuration to which it is bent is suitable for the range of liquid levels to be gauged. By a suitable outside scale, the level in the container at which the inner end begins to receive liquid can be determined by the pointer position on the scale at which a liquid-vapour mixture is observed to be discharged from the valve. 1.5.50 safety relief valve An automatic pressure-relieving device actuated by the pressure upstream of the valve and characterised by full opening pop action. 1.5.51 shut off valve A manually operated stop valve. 1.5.52 skid tank A container of more than 0.5 kl water capacity used to transport LPG handled as a 'package', that is, filled to its maximum permitted filling ratio. Such containers .are mounted on skids or runners and have all container appurtenances protected in such a manner that they can be safely handled as a 'package'. Such containers might be used on an exchange fill basis, or might be left on-site for refilling from tankers. 1.5.53 slip tube gauge A variable liquid level gauge, in which a relatively small positive shut off valve is located at the outside end of· a straight tube, normally installed vertically and communicates with the container interior. The installation fitting for the tube is designed so that the tube can be slipped in and out of the container and the liquid level at the inner end determined by observing when the shut off valve vents a liquid vapour mixture. 8 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 1.5.54 sources of ignition Devices or equipment which, because of their modes of use or operation, are capable of providing sufficient thermal energy to ignite flammable LPG vapour-air mixture when introduced into such a mixture or when such a mixture comes into contact with them, and which will permit propagation of flame away from them. They include but are not limited to naked flames, exposed incandescent material, electrical welding arcs and electrical or mechanical equipment not approved for use in hazardous locations. NOTE. In the context in which the term is used in this standard. A motor vehicle will not be treated as being an ignition source. 1.5.55 special protection A means of limiting the temperature of a LPG container for purpose of minimising the possibility of failure of the container as the result of fire exposure. When required in this standard, special protection consists of any of the following: applied insulating coatings,· mounding, burial, water spray fixed systems or fixed monitor nozzles, meeting the criteria specified in this standard, or by any means approved for this purpose. 1.5.56 static storag.e container A container intended to remain permanently in place once installed. 1.5.57 stationary installation An installation of LPG containers, piping and equipment for use indefinitely at a particular location; an installation not normally expected to change in status, condition or place, also called permanent installation. 1.5.58 underground storage container A storage container, no part of which, except for the fittings attached to the container, is above ground level, and the excavation for which is back filled, after installation of the container, with back filling materials to prescribed requirements. 1.5.59 vaporiser A device for converting liquid LPG to vapour. 1.5.60 vaporiser, atmospheric A vaporiser in which heat from the surrounding air of the ground is transferred through the surface of the container. 1.5.61 vaporiser, direct-fired A vaporiser in which heat furnished by a flame is directly applied to some form of heat exchange surface in contact with the liquid LPG to be vaporised. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 9 MS 830:2013 1.5.62 vaporiser, indirect-fired A vaporiser in which heat furnished by steam, hot water or other heating medium is applied to a vaporising chamber or to tubing pipe, coils or other heat exchange surface containing ihe liquid LPG to be vaporised; the heating of the medium used being at a point remote from the vaporiser, also called vaporiser, indirect. 1.5.63 variable liquid level gauge A device to indicate the liquid level in a container throughout a range of levels. See floa~ rotary and slip tube gauge. 1.5.64 volumetric filling See 1.5.21. 1.5.65 water capacity The amount of water, in either kilograms or litres at 15 oc required to fill a container full of water. 1.5.66 Zone 0 Ar area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods or frequently. 1.5.67 Zone 1 An area in which an explosive gas .atmosphere is likely to occur in normal operation occasionally. 1.5.68 Zone 2 Area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in normal operation bu~ if it does occur, will persist for a short period only. NOTE Indications of the frequency of the occurrence and dur~tion may be taken from codes relating to specific industries or applications. . 1.6 Qualification of personnel Persons who transfer liquid LPG, who are employed to transport LPG, whose primary duties fall within the scope of this code shall be trained in proper handling procedures. Refresher training shall be provided every two years. The training records shall be documented. 10 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved I I. MS 830:2013 SECTION 2: CONTAINER DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION 2.1 Application This section includes design, fabrication and marking requirements for containers, and features normally associated with container fabrication, such as container openings, appurtenances required for these openings to make the containers gas-tight entities and · physical damage protecting devices. ' 2.2 Design code 2.2.1 Containers up to 0.15 kl water capacity shall be designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with MS ISO 22991, DOT (U.S. Department of Transportation) or other codes approved by the relevant authority. Such containers are commonly called LPG cylinders. 2.2.2 Containers exceeding 0.15 kl water capacity shall be designed, fabricated and tested in accordance with the ASME Code or other codes approved by the relevant authority. 2.3 Design pressure 2.3.1 For aboveground containers up to 0.15 kl water capacity the design pressure shall be in accordance with MS ISO 22991, DOT or other codes approved by the relevant authority. 2.3.2 For aboveground containers exceeding 0.15 kl water ,capacity the minimum design pressure shall be in accordance with Table 1. Table 1. Design pressures For gases with vapour pressure in kPa Minimum design pressure (gauge) at 37.8 •c not to exceed kPa (gauge) 550 690 1 690 I 860 860 1 080 1 030 1 290 1 200 1 510 1 480 1 750 2.3.3 For underground and mounded containers the minimum design pressure shall be 1 750 kPa (gauge). 2.4 Marking of containers 2.4.1 Cylinders shall be marked in accordance with MS ISO 22991 or DOT. 2.4.2 Container exceeding 0.15 kl shall be conspicuously and permanently marked with the following information: a) manufacturer's name or trade-mark, serial number and year of manufacture; ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013. All rights reserved 11 T~ ~ I MS 830:2013 b) pressure vessel code to which it is made; c) the water capacity in litres (L) or kilolitres (kl); d) outside surface area in square meter (m'); e) class of vessel (e.g. Class 1); f) design pressure in kilopascals (kPa); g) date of initial hydrostatic test; h) date of hydrostatic retest; i) the maximum safe working pressure in kilopascal (kPa); j) the tare mass in kilograms {kg) of container (for containers to be filled by mass); k) maximum penmitted filling level in percent(%) (for containers to be filled by volume); I) the wording "This container .shall not contain a product that has a vapour pressure in excess of_ kPa at 36.7 'C"; and m) official stamp of the inspecting authority. 2.4.3 The appropriate class label in accordance with MS 1513: Part 5: Sub-part 2 or the other relevant authority having jurisdiction shall also be marked on aboveground containers or displayed on a notice in the vicinity of underground/mounded containers. 2.5 Container openings 2.5.1 Containers shall be equipped with openings suitable for the service for which the container is to be used. Such openings may be either in the container shell, heads or in the manhole cover. · 2.5.2 Containers of more than.11D.L \\(ater cap_acity, designed to be filled volumetrically shall be equipped for filling into either the vapour space or liquid phase with a vapour return line. This requirement shall apply to installations at con.sumers' premises and other locations except refineries and bulk plants. 2.5.3 Containers with water capacity of 8 kl or less shall not have more than two plugged openings. 2.5.4 Connections for safety relief valves shall be installed and located in such a way as to have direct communication with the vapour space, whether the container is in storage or in use. a) If located in a well inside the container with piping to the vapour space, the design of the well and piping shall penmit sufficient safety relief valve discharge capacity. b) If located in a protecting enclosure, the enclosure shall" be designed to protect against corrosion and allow inspection. 12 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved ~ -------· - MS 830:2013 2.5.5 Containers to be filled on a volumetric basis shall be fabricated so that they can be equipped with a fixed liquid level gauge(s) capable of indicating the maximum permitted filling level(s) computed in accordance with the procedures in Annex K. 2.6 Protection for container openings 2.6.1 Opening requiring protection An opening through a container exceeding 0.15 kl 'to either liquid or vapour space shall be provided with protective valves in accordance with 2.6.2 except the following openings: a) An opening to which safety relief valves are fitted. b) An opening not greater than 1.4 mm diameter or one provided with an internal flow limiting orifice of 1.4 mm diameter, as for a pressure gauge or liquid level gauge. c) A plug, blind flange or plugged companion flange. d) A filling connection mounted directly on a container of not more than 8 kl capacity, provided that the opening is fitted with a double non-return valve. : e) An opening for which all the following conditions apply: i) the capacity of the container does not exceed 8 kl; ii) ' the discharge from a withdrawal connection is controlled by a manually operated shut off valve which is attached directly into the withdrawal connection, or is an integral part of a substantial fitting attached to the withdrawal connection, or is attached directly into a substantial fitting attached to the withdrawal connection; iii) the shut off valve is equipped with an attached hand wheel or the equivalent; iv) the controlling orifice between the vapour space i'p the container and the outlet of the shut off valve does not exceed 8 mm diameter, and v) a regulator is attached to the outlet of the shut-off valve, either .direcUy or-.by means of a flexible connector provided that the regulator is not more than 0.5 m from the container and is supported and protected on or at the container. f) an actuated liquid withdrawal excess-flow valve normally closed and plugged with provision to allow external actuation. 2.6.2 Types of protection The arrangement of protective valves required by 2.6.1 shall be one of the following: a) An internal excess-flow valve and an external manual shut-off valve. b) An internal valve with excess-flow protection (see note). NOTE.· An internal valve is incorporated with excess-flow valve gives more positive protection in a container. c) An internal non-return valve and an external manual shut-off valve. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 13 I I I I I 1 If' I I:: MS 830:2013 II" 'l"id .. d) An external emergency shut off valve directly attached to the vessel or the vessel outlet nozzle, plus a manual shut off valve, provided that this option may be used only wher~: 'i: i) the LPG installation, or the LPG portion of a composite installation, is i: continuously manned by persons able to operate the shut off valves during t)lat rI period when the tank is in service, i.e. when the valves are open; ' ' ii) the tank is not smaller than 200 m 3 capacity; and iii) the size of the attached pipe is not less than 100 mm. The above protective valves shall comply with the requirements in ANSI/UL 125. Shutoff valves shall be located as close t() the container as practical. Shutoff valves shall be readily accessible for the operation and maintenance under normal and emergency condition. Shutoff valves either shall be located in a readily accessible position less than 1.8 m above ground level, or shall have extension handles, stairs, ladders, or platforms for access, or shall be equipped for remote operation. The connection or line that leads to or from any individual opening shall have a flow capacity greater than the rated flow of the excess-flow valve protecting the opening. 2. 7 Container valves and appurtenances Container appurtenances shall be fabricated of materials that are compatible with LPG and shall be resistant to the action of LPG under service condition. The following materials shall not be used: a) Gray cast iron. b) Non-metallic materials, for bonnets or bodies of valves. Pressure containing metal parts of appurtenances shall have a minimum melting point of 816 oc, except for the following: a) Fusible elements. b) Approve or listed variable liquid level gauges used in containers. Container appurtenances shall have a service pressure of at list 1 750 kPa. l! Valves, regulators, gauges and other container appurtenances shall be protected from physical damage. II Container above 0.15 kl shall be fitted with valves and appurtenances in accordance with Table 2. 14 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 1, '' MS 830:2013 Table 2. Container connection and appurtenance requirements for containers above 0.15 kl Valves and Container exceeded Part Requirements appurtenances 0.15 kl water capacity A Vapour inlet' R Option A or B or C B Vapour outlet' R Option B or C Option A or B or C c Liquid inlet' R Option D orE (> 15.1 kl water capacity) Option Bore D Liquid outlet' R Option E (> 15. 1 kl water capacity) E Pressure relief valve R Fixed maximum liquid F R level gauge R G Drain connection Option B or C or F (> 0.5 kl water capacity) H Liquid level gauge R R ' Double backflow check (for filling connection I filler valve mounted directly on container) R J Pressure gauge (> 2 kl water capacity) R '' K Temperature gauge (> 15.1 kl water capacity) Q Where installed. R: Required. Option A Manual shutoff valve installed as close as practical to a non-return valve installed in the container. Option 8: Manual shutoff valve installed as close as practical to an excess-flow valve installed in the container. Option C: Internal valve with excess flow protection installed in the container. Option D: Manual shutoff valve install as close as practical to a non-return valve designed for the intended application and installed in the container. Option E: Internal valve with excess flow protection installed in the container equipped for remote closure and automatic shutoff using thermal (fire) activation within 1.5 m. Option F: Actuated liquid withdrawal Excess Flow Valve with a connection not smaller than'% inch NPT. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 15 MS 830:2013 .r' ·.'' Gaskets shall be resistant to the action of LPG under the service conditions to which they are subjected. Gaskets shall be made of metal having a melting point higher than 816 "C, or shall be confined within an assembly having a melting point higher than 816 "C. Aluminium '0' rings and spiral wound metal gaskets are also acceptable. Where a flange is opened, the gasket shall be replaced. Jointing compounds shall be resistant to the action of LPG under the service conditions to which they are subjected. 2.7.1 . Safety relief valves Containers shall be equipped with one or more safety relief valves connected directly to the vapour space. Every safety relief valve shall be .in direct communication with the vapour space of the container at all times, except as provided in 2.7.1.5. 2.7.1.1 Design Safety relief valves should preferably be of the spring-loaded type. Gravity loaded relief valves shall not be used. If pilot operated relief valves are used, the design of the valves should be such that the main valves will operate and protect the container in the event of any failure of the pilot system. Safety relief valves shall be so designed and constructed that the breakage of any part will not obstruct the free discharge of vapour under pressure, that they cannot be overloaded inadvertently, and that the possibility of tampering with their pressure setting will be minimised. Where the pressure setting or adjustment is external, the safety relief valve shall be provided with approved means of sealing the adjustment. 2.7.1.2 Set pressure A safety relief valve shall be so set that it will start to discharge at container design pressure. Any additional safety relief valve fitted may be set to start-to-discharge at a pressure not exceeding 105 % of the design pressure provided that the aggregate valve capacity shall be sufficient to allow the discharge of the maximum quantity without a rise in pressure to more than 110 % of the design pressure. 2.7.1.3 Rate of discharge The rate of discharge of safety relief valve for aboveground containers shall be in accordance with Annex D except that for refineries the rate of discharge for safety relief valves shall comply with API RP 520 and the testing of safety relief valves shall be in accordance with ISO 23251. For underground/mounded containers other than those located in refineries the rate of discharge of safety relief valves shall be not less than 30 % of the prescribed value in Annex D. 2.7.1.4 Testing Safety relief valves shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of the relevant authority. Safety relief valves shall be retested at periods not exceeding five years. 16 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 2.7.1.5 Valve between safety relief valve and container Preferably each container should have more than one safety relief valve. To permit removal for testing and maintenance, shut off valves may be installed between each safety relief valve and the container, provided that shut off valves so used are normaily fully open and are fJtted with a mechanical device linking all such valves on one container in such a manner that any one shut off valve can be closed only when all other valves are fully open. The capacity and number of safety relief valves so used on each container shall provide full relief capacity when any one is inoperative. Alternatively, a proprietary' multi-valve arrangement may be used. When a container has only one safety relief valve, a manual shut off valve shall not be installed. 2.7.1.6 Marking Each container safety relief valve shall be plainly and permanently marked with the following .. information: · a) manufacture~s name or trade-marl<; b) catalogue number; c) pressure at which the valve is set to discharge (set pressure), in kilopascals; and d) actual rate of discharge of the valve in cubic metres per minute of air at 15 oc and 101.325 kPa (absolute). The date of the last test shall be marked on a tag attached to the valve. 2. 7.2 Safely relief valve discharge lines 2.7.2.1 General All safety relief valve discharge outlets shall be so located as to provide protection against physical damage, and discharge pipes shall be fitted with loose rain caps. Return bends and restrictive pipe fittings shall not be used. The discharge from the safety relief valve shall be vented away from the container upward and unobstructed to open air (except for light rain cap), in such a manner as will prevent impingement of escaping gas upon the container or other equipment. The vent pipe shall be not less than the nominal size of the safety relief valve discharge outlet. Suitable provision shall be made either by a weep hole deflector or a drain so that any liquid or condensate that may accumulate inside the safety relief valve or its discharge pipe will not render the valve inoperative. If a drainpipe is used, means shall be provided to protect the container, adjacent containers, piping or equipment against impingement of flame resulting from ignition of LPG escaping from the drain. Any cover that is provided for the protection of the safely relief valve of a portable skid tank shall be designed to allow free discharge of gas from the valve so that a flame will burn clear of the tank and valve in the event of ignition. The cover shall be designed to prevent retention of moisture. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·Ali rights reserved 17 7 A II A ,, ··.. MS 830:2013 2.7.2.2 Common discharge header If desired, discharge lines from two or more safety relief valves on the same or on different units may be run to a common discharge header, provided that the flow capacity of the header is greater than the total flow capacity of the individual discharge lines and that the setting of all safety relief valves is nominallythe same. ·._,;• 2.7.3 Liquid level gauging devices 1 ' Containe~ designed to be filled on a volumetric basis shall be equipped with a fixed maximum :: liquid level gauge to indicate the maximum filling level for the service. Liquid level gauging devices shall be provided on all containers filled by volume. Variable gauges of the slip tube, rotary tube or float types shall be used to comply with this requirement. 2.7.4 Pressure gauges 2.7.4.1 Pressure gauges shall be attached directly to the vapour space for containers exceeding 2 kl water capacity. 2.7.4.2 If the cross sectional area of the opening into the container in 2. 7.4.1 is greater than of the 1.4 mm diameter, an excess-flow valve shall be provided for the container connection. 2.7.5 Drains in containers 2.7.5.1 A container of above 0.5 kl water capacity shall be provided with a drain connection to permit drainage to atmosphere. Each drain connection shall be provided with a shut off valve. This shut off valve shall be provided with a length of piping terminating with a second shut off valve. The drain valve adjacent to the container connection shall be of a quick shut off type and the second valve shall be of a throttling type. The length of the piping between the two valves shall be such that the risk of simultaneous obstruction of both valves, e.g. by the freezing of any accumulated water, is minimised. A sufficient length of piping shall be provided downstream of the.second valve to ensure that the discharge will not take place beneath the container. The second valve and the piping shall be adequately supported and secured to prevent mechanical damage or breakage by jet forces. Both valves on the drain system shall have a means of: actuation which cannot be readily removed or moved from the closed position except by intentional operation. No drain or blow off line shall discharge into or be in the proximity of any public drainage system or any other drainage system where this would be liable to create a hazard. 2.7.5.2 The additional pipe work and second valve required downstream ,of the drain valve by 2.7.5.1 may be fitted at the time of drainage provided that the fixed drain valve is protected by an excess-flow valve fitted upstream or the container opening is fitted with an actuated liquid withdrawal excess-flow valve, normally close and pl~gged. , ''"c/: 2.7.5.3 The outlet of the drain valve system shall be blank-flanged, o{plugged. 2.7.5.4 Pipe work between the drain system valves and ·b. et\!!e~m \lalve and a blank flanged or plug, etc. shall be protected by hydrostatic safety .c.. •.-.~~--'" 3.3) . 18 .3- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 2.7.6 Temperature gauge A temperature gauge shall be fitted for the container greater than 15.1 kl water capacity, the sensing device shall be installed in a pocket that is located in the lower section of the container and is permanently attached to the container to prevent accidental removal of the pocket when removing the gauge. 2.7.7 Filling connection 2.7.7.1 Container mounted filling connection A filling connection mounted directly on a container shall be provided with a double non-return valve. 2.7.7.2 Remote filling connection A filling connection which ·is remote from the container shall comply with the following requirements: a) An internal non-return valve or an internal excess-flow valve with external manual shutoff valve, or an internal valve with excess-flow protection shall be provided at the container. b) An external excess-flow valve and a manual shut off valve shall be provided at the outer end of the rigid portion of the extension piping. c) Any vapour return line incorporated in the system shall be provided with an excess-flow valve and a manual shut off valve close to the filling connection. d) A remote filling connection shall be anchored and designed so that the protective valves and piping to the container remain intact should the tanker be moved without disconnecting. Shear fittings and concrete anchorages or bulkheads may be used. 2.7.7.3 During the filling operation, a pressure increase· may occur and consideration should be given to either fitting internal spray pipes or the use of vapour balancing lines for pressure equalisation between the delivery tanker and the storage container. 2.7.8 Excess-flow valves An excess-flow valve shall comply with the following requirements: a) The flow rate for closure of an excess-flow valve should be below that likely to result from complete fracture of the line it is protecting but should, to prevent premature closing, be substantially above the normal service flow rate expected. NOTE. If because of system complexity, a single excess-flow valve at the container is unable to protect against a downstream pipe failure, one or more additional valves may be installed downstream, but is not usual to install such protection beyond the first pump, compressor or regulator after the container outlet. b) An excess-flow valve shall incorporate a bypass that has an opening not greater than 1 mm in diameter to allow equalisation of pressure, except where an excess-flow valve is integral with an internal quick-closing valve and a manual means for equalisation of pressure is incorporated. An excess-flow valve shall be marked with the manufacturer's identity, model identification and the closing flow rate. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 19 MS 830:2013 Where two or more containers are grouped with common liquid and vapour connections, the common liquid and vapour lines shall be fitted with excess-flow valves, unless the comm<;>n line has a cross-sectional area equal to, or in excess of, the combined areas of the individual container lines, in which case the excess-flow valve in the container shall suffice. Installation of excess-flow valves in liquid and vapour lines shall be made in such a manrler .' that any undue strain beyond the excess-flow valve will not cause breakage between the I' container and such valve. ,.:J I 2.7.9 Internal valve I I Internal valve shall be incorporated with the following features: a) the seat and seat disc remain inside the container so that damage to the parts exterior to the container or mating flange does not prevent effective sealing of the valve; b) designed for automatic shutoff when flow through the valve exceeds its maximum rated flow capacity (excess-flow valve); and c) designed for the. additional of means for remote closure and automatic shutoff using thermal (fire) activation. 2.8 Protection against physical damage to portable container appurtenances 2.8.1 Portable containers of 0.15 kl, water capacity or less shall incorporate protection against physical damage to container appurtenances and immediate connections to these while in transit, storage and while being moved into position for use. The protection features required shall be in accordance with MS ISO 22991, DOT or other codes approved by the relevant authority. 2.8.2 Portable containers of more than 0.15 kl water capacity, including skid tanks or for use as cargo tanks shall incorporate protection against physical damage to container appurtenances by recessing, protective housing, or by location on the vehicle. Such protection shall comply with the provisions under which the containers are fabricated and shall be designed to withstand static loadings in any direction equal to twice the mass of the container and attachments when filled with LPG, using a safety factor of not less than 4, based on the ultimate strength ofthe material to be used. I, I 20 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 SECTION 3: PIPING, VALVES AND FITTINGS 3.1 Application This section includes basic design requirements and material specifications for pipe, tubing, pipe and tubing fittings, valves (including hydrostatic relief valves), hose, hose connections and flexible connectors used to connect container appurtenances with the balance of the LPG system. · 3.2 Piping 3.2.1 Design All pipe work shall be designed to allow for expansion and contraction of the pipe work .and container and also to ensure that such pipe work does not cause stress to the container, container fittings or pipe work. 3.2.2 Welding and brazing Welding and brazing shall comply with the requirements of the inspecting ·authority. 3.2.3 Flexible piping Provision shall be made, in design or by provision of flexible piping, to compensate for stresses and vibration in the piping system. Flexible connectors, if used, shall comply with the relevant requirements of 3.2. 7. Flexible piping shall be as short as possible and in any case shall not exceed 1 m in length. 3.2.4 Pipe Pipe shall be steel, copper, or polyethylene and shall comply respectively with the following or other equivalent specifications approved by the authority: ' a) Steel pipe: ASTM A 106 or MS 863. b) Copper pipe: EN 1057 or ASTM B 42. c) Polyethylene pipe: ASTM 02513 or ISO 4437 or MS 1086 (series). Polyethylene pipes made to other standards shall include the ISO method of determination of long-term hydrostatic strength at 20 oc derived from 80 oc testing. 3.2.5 Tubing Tubing shall be steel, copper, or polyethylene and shall comply respectively with the following or other approved equivalent specifications: a) Steel tubing: ASTM A539; b) Copper tubing: EN 1057 or Type K or Type L of ASTM B 88 or ASTM B 280. c) Polyethylene tubing: ASTM 02513 or MS 1086 (series). ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All Mghts reserved 21 ~·;If. -• I ' - - • • • - • - • • • ' :,. • MS 830:2013 3.2.6 Pipe and tubing fittings ! Fittings shall be steel, copper or polyethylene and shall comply with 3.2.6.1, 3.2.6.2 ·and 3.2.6.3. Cast iron pipe fittings (elbows, tees, crosses, couplings, unions, flanges or plugs) shall not be used. ' 3.2.6.1 Pipe joints in steel or copper pipe may be screwed, welded or brazed. a) Fittings used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the discharge of liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least 2 41 0 kPa (gauge). b) Except as provided in 3.2.6.1 a), fittings used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG at operating pressure over 860 kPa. (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of 1 750 kPa (gauge). c) Fittings for use with vapour LPG af pressure not exceeding 860 kPa (gauge) shall be· suitable for a working pressure of 860 kPa (gauge). I. d) Brazing filler material shall have a melting point exceeding 538 •c. 3.2.6.2 Tubing joints in steel or copper tubing shall be made with approved gas tubing fittings and may be flared or brazed. a) Fittings used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the discharge of liquid tra~sfer pumps, shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least 2 41 0 kPa (gauge). b) Except as provided in 3.2.6.2 a), fittings used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG at operating pressure over 860 kPa (gauge), shall be suitable for a working pressure of 1 750 kPa (gauge). c) Fittings for use with vapour LPG at pressure not exceeding 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of 860 kPa (gauge). d) Brazing filler material shall have a melting point exceeding 538 •c. 3.2.6.3 Joints in polyethylene pipe and tubing shall be made by heat fusion in accordance with the manufacturers' instructions. Polyethylene fittings shall conform to ASTM 02683 or ASTM 03261. For the purpose of this standard, methods of heat fusion shall mean butt fusion, socket or electro fusion and methods other than these shall first be approved by the authortty having jurisdiction. 3.2. 7 Hoses, hose connections, quick connectors and flexible connectors 3.2. 7.1 Materials Hoses, hose connections and flexible connectors shall be fabncated of matenals resistant to the action of LPG both as liquid and vapour. If wire braid is used for reinforcement it shall be of corrosion resistant matenal such as stainless steel. Where a hose is provided with an inbuilt earthing wire, this shall be of stainless steel. 22 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved ,, ' MS 830:2013 3.2.7.2 Hoses and quick connectors shall be approved by the relevant authority 3.2.7.3 Design and working pressures Hoses, hose connections and flexible connectors used for conveying LPG in liquid or vapour phase at pressures in excess of 35 kPa (gauge) shall comply with: a) Hoses shall be designed for a minimum bursting pressure of 8 750 kPa (gauge) and shall be permanently and clearly marked 'LPG' -not greater than 3 m intervals. b) Hoses assemblies, after the application of connections, shall be capable of withstanding, without leakage, a test pressure of 2 410 kPa (gauge) for 10 min when tested hydrostatically. 3.2.7.4 Hose couplings Any hose that requires to be connected and disconnected frequently during normal operation shall be provided with either a threaded Acme-form coupling or a· POL coupling. Any other hose connection shall be permanent threaded or flanged connections. The following sizes of Acme thread are recommended: a) For liquid: 3Y. in or 1o/. in; and b) For vapour. 2Y. in or 1o/. in. 3.2.7.5 Electrical continuity The electrical resistance measured overall on each length of hose complete with end connections shall not exceed 0.75 O.lm. 3.2.7.6 Inspection and testing After being brought into use, hoses shall be periodically inspected and tested as follows: a) visually inspected at intervals not exceeding one month for damage over the whole length in use; b) hydrostatically tested at intervals not exceeding one year at a pressure of 2 410 kPa (gauge) for 10 min, including the connections; and c) tested for electrical continuity, the frequency of tests depending on the extent of use to which the hoses are put. A record of these tests shall be kept. Hoses which fail inspection or testing under a), b) and c) shall be discarded. 3.2.8 Piping within buildings LPG vapour at pressures exceeding 140 kPa (gauge) or LPG liquid shall not be piped into any building except that approval may be given by the authority having jurisdiction for the following situations. a) Buildings used exclusively to house equipment for vaporisation pressure reduction, gas mixing, gas manufacturing or distribution. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 23 MS 830:2013 b) Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively to house internal combustion engines. : c) Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively for industrial purposes. I d) ' Buildings or separate areas of buildings used exclusively for research and experim~ntal laboratories. e) Buildings, structures, or equipment under construction or repair. NOTE. Separate areas in b), c) and d), means fire-isolated areas unless otherwise approved by the relevant authority. 3.2.9 Testing of piping installations The testing of LPG piping installations shall be carried out by the installer in accordance with the relevant procedures detailed in Annex· C. The installer shall certify in writing that the complete installation so tested is proved free of i! ,,I I I,, leaks, before the installation is put into service. 3.3 Valves 3.3.1 Materials Pressure containing metal parts of valves (except appliance valves), including excess-flow valves, non return valves, safety relief valves, and manual shut off valve used in piping systems, shall be of steel, ductile (nodular) iron, malleable iron or brass. Steel shall meet the requirements of ASTM A182. Ductile iron shall meef the requirements of ASTM A395 or equivalent. Malleable iron shall meet the requirement of ASTM A47 or equivalent. All materials used, including valve seat discs, packing, seals and diaphragms shall be resistant to the action of LPG under service conditions. Any valve external to the container shall be of 'fire-safe' type, i.e. one which incorporates secondary provisions to prevent leakage if the primary seat or seal has been damaged by heat. 3.3.2 Design 3.3.2.1 All valves shall be suitable for the appropriate working pressure, as follows: a) valves used at pressures higher than container pressure, such as on the discharge of I: liquid transfer pumps, shall be suitable for working pressure of at least 2 41 0 kPa (gauge); b) except as provided in 3.3.2.1 a), valves to be used with liquid LPG, or with vapour LPG a pressure in excess of 860 kPa (gauge), but not to exceed 1 750 kPa (gauge), shall be 'I suitable for working pressure of at least 1 750 kPa (gauge); and l'i' 1," c) valves (except appliance valves) to be used with vapour LPG at pressures not to exceed 860 kPa (gauge) shall be suitable for a working pressure of at least 860 kPa (gauge). 24 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 3.3.2.2 Valve indicators or marking A valve shall be provided with the following indicators or marking: a) A means for indicating clearty the open and closed position shall be provided. Where a lever valve is fitted with a fixed handle, the valve shall be opened when the handle is in the direction of the pipe. Where a valve handle is removable, a separate metal plate shall be provided and this plate shall be clearty and indelibly marked to indicate the open and closed positions of the valve. · b) Any valve other than for a safety relief valve, pressure gauge or fixed liquid level gauge shall be marked to indicate whether it connects to liquid or vapour space. 3.3.2.3 Direction of flow A manual-isolating valve that is subjected to container pressure shall be installed so that the valve gland is not subjected to direct container pressure when the valve is shut. NOTE. Compliance with this requirement necessitates the mounting of valves in certain locations such as a container inlet isolating valve contrary to any direction-of-flow m,arking on the valve. 3.3.3 Hydrostatic safety relief valves on liquid lines A hydrostatic safety relief valve shall be installed between each pair of shut off valves on LPG liquid piping, so as to relieve hydrostatic pressure to atmosphere and shall be so placed that, in the event of ·its· operation, escaping LPG cannot impinge o'n containers, fittings or other equipment, nor on the ground. The minimum setting of hydrostatic safety relief valve installed in piping shall be not less than 140 % or more than 200 % of the container safety relief valve setting. For fittings rated at 850 kPa (gauge) to 1 000 kPa (gauge), the setting of such safety relief valve shall be not greater than 1 750 kPa (gauge) and for fittings rated at 1 750 kPa (gauge) to 2 100 kPa (gauge), not greater than 3 100 kPa (gauge). The discharge from such hy9rostatic safety relief valve shall not terminate in any building. A hydrostatic safety relief valve should not be installed in the pump discharge piping if the same protection can be provided by installing the hydrostatic safety relief valve in the suction piping. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 25 MS 830:2013 SECTION 4: EQUIPMENT I 1,, 4.1 Application r ,:1 'I' This section includes fabrication and ' performance requirements for the pressure containing ',1 metal parts of LPG equipment such as pumps, compressors, vaporisers, strainers and regulators. The requirements forvaporisers do not apply to engine fuel vaporisers. 1': ! "''I All LPG equipment used in the system shall be suitable for the appropriate working pressure. I 4.2 Pumps and compressors I :1 4.2.1 Suitability 1 il A pump or compressor intended for han~ling LPG shall be suitable for use with LPG. A pump drive which is located within the hazardous zone surrounding the pump shall be suitable for use within that zone. 4.2.2 Pressure limitation I I I In addition to the specific requirements of 4.2.3 and 4.2.4, a pump or compressor installation ;I', shall incorporate an automatic means to prevent the design pressure of any container, pipe or ,:'I"'·I component from being exceeded. If this means consists of a primary recirculation system which has a manual shut off valve in the line, or a quick-closing internal valve of a type which does not automatically open under pump pressure, a secondary safety recirculation system shall be provided which shall have no means of rendering it inoperative. This secondary system may have a pressure setting greater than that of the primary system. 4.2.3 Pumps A pump installation shall incorporate the following: a) A pressure gauge provided with a flow restriction in accordance with 2.6.1 b), located on the discharge side of the pump before any external pressure relief or shut-off valve. The gauge should be liquid-damped. b) A constant differential by pass valve installed in the pump discharge of any positive pump and delivering to the supply tank of the pump or to the suction side of the pump through a line of sufficient size to carry the full capacity to the pump. 4.2.4 Compressors A compressor installation shall comply with the following requirements: a) a compressor shall draw from a vapour space and may discharge to either the liquid or the vapour space. b) means shall be provided to prevent liquid from entering the compressor suction. If such means is not integral with the compressor, a liquid trap shall be installed as close as possible to the compressor in the suction line. 26 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All Mghts reserved MS 830:2013 c) pressure gauges provided with a flow restriction in accordance with 2.6.1 b) shall be installed on the suction side and on the discharge side of a compressor. The gauges should be liquid damped. 4.2.5 Pump location A pump shall be so located that the surrounding hazardous zone does not overlap a boundary or impinge on a building (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG) or ignition source. · 4.3 Vaporisers 4.3.1 Indirect-fired vaporisers 4.3.1.1 . General requirements An indirect-fired vaporiser shall comply with the following requirements. a) The vaporiser shall be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME Code or other codes approved by the relevant authority. b) The vaporiser may be connected to the liquid section or both the liquid and gas sections of the storage container provided however that there shall be in each connection to the storage container a manually operated valve which shall be capable of completely shutting off all gas or liquid flow from the co~tainer to the vaporiser. c) The vaporiser shall be provided with suitable automatic means to prevent liquid passing through the vaporiser to the LPG vapour discharge piping. d) The vaporiser shall not be equipped with fusible plugs. e) The vaporiser shall have at or near the vapour outlet, a safety relief valves providing an effective rate of discharge in accordance with Annex E, ~nd complying with 2.7.2. f) The heating medium pipes into and leaving the vaporiser shall be provided with suitable means for preventing the flow of LPG into the heating systems in the event of pipe rupture in the vaporiser. g) Gas-fired heating systems associated with indirect-fired vaporisers shall be equipped with automatic safety devices to shut off the flow of gas to main burners if the pilot flame should fail. When flow through the pilot exceeds 2 MJ!h, the pilot shall also be equipped with an automatic safety device to shut off the flow of gas to the pilot, should the pilot flame be extinguished. 4.3.1.2 Marking An indirect fired vaporiser shall be marked with the following information and any other requirements stipulated by the relevant authority: a) a reference to the standard to which the vaporiser is constructed; b) design pressure, in kilopascals (kPa); ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All nghts reserved 27 MS 830:2013 c) design temperature, in degree Celsius (•C); .• d) total surface area inside the vaporiser, in square metres, as detailed in E1.1 a) of Annex E; and II',,, e) manufacturer's name or identification mark. ''' 4.3.1.3 Installation li i .I:, !I An indirect fired vaporiser shall be installed in accordance with the following requirement. ' :I ':1 ,-!I: a) The vaporiser shall not be installed in a building except where the building is used !I' 1,1, exclusively for LPG equipment other than for filling purposes. Such buildings shall be of non-combustible construction and .well ventilated near the floor. % !li'' b) The horizontal distance from any vaporiser to an opening into an enclosed or underground drain shall be not less 'than 3 m. c) Vaporisers shall be equipped with means of draining off any heavy products which may collect in the liquid section of the system. If draining off is to be canried out near to sources of ignition (e.g. flames of other vaporisers) provision shall be made to lead the discharge by pipe or hose to a safe location. d) Heating or cooling coils shall not be installed inside a storage container. e) Indirect vaporisers shall be installed at a minimum distance of 1.5 m from the nearest storage container. f) The device that supplies the necessary heat to the transfer medium, if it is a source of ignition shall be so located that i) the vapour path from the container shell to the device is not less than 10 m; and ii) the vapour path from container valves, and filling and discharge connections to the crevice is not less than 10 m. If the heating device is in the same building as the vaporiser, such device shall be separated from all compartments or rooms .containing LPG vaporisers pumps and central gas mixing devices by a wall, without openings therein, constructed from reinforced concrete at least 150 mm thick or of brick at least 225 mm thick. 4.3.2 Atmospheric vaporisers a) The vaporiser shall be above ground in the open and installed at a minimum safety distance of 1.5 m from the nearest container. b) A vaporiser of less than one litre capacity heated by the ground or surrounding air, need not be equipped with a safety relief valve; provided that safety tests certified by the relevant authority demonstrate that the assembly is safe without safety relief valves. c) The vaporiser shall be so located and protected as to prevent tampering and physical damage. 28 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 4.3.3 Direct fired vaporisers 4.3.3.1 General requirements A direct-fired vaporiser shall comply with the requirements of 4.3.1.1 a), b), c) and d), and in addition the following requirements shall be met: a) The vaporiser shall have at or near the vapour outlet, a safety relief valve providing an effective rate of discharge in accordance with· Annex E. The safety valve shall be so located as not to be subjected to temperatures in excess of 60 •c. The discharge from the safety valve shall comply with 2.7.2. b) The vaporiser shall be provided with means for manually turning off the gas supply to the main burner and pilot c) The vaporiser shall be equipped with automatic safety device to shut off the flow of gas to main burners, "if the pilot flame should fail. When flow through the pilot exceeds 2 MJ/h, the pilot shall also be equipped with an automatic safety device to shut off the flow of gas to the pilot, should the pilot flame be extinguished. d) No direct-fired vaporiser shall be .connected to a container that has a storage capacity less than ten times the hourly capacity of the vaporiser. e) The vaporiser shall be equipped with a device which will automatically extinguish the main burner in the event of failure of liquid supply to the v~poriser. f) The maximum vaporising capacity, in litres per hour or kilogram per hour. 4.3.3.2 Marking A direct fired vaporiser shall be marked with the following information and any other requirements stipulated by the relevant authority: a) a reference to the standard to which the vaporiser is constructed; b) design pressure, in kilopascals (kPa); c) design temperature, in degree Celsius ("C); d) manufacturer's name or identification mark; e) rated input to the burner; f) the surface area of the heat exchanger, in square metres, as detailed in E1.1 a) of Annex E; g) the outside surface area of the vaporiser, in square metres, as detailed in E1.1 a) of Annex E; and h) the maximum vaporising capacity, in litres per hour or kilogram per hour. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights rese!Ved 29 MS 830:2013 4.3.3.3 Installation A direct fired vaporiser shall be installed in accordance with the requirements of 4.3.1.3 a), b) and c), and in addition the following requirements shall be met. a) Pressure regulating and pressure reducing equipment not an integral part of the '' vaporiser if located within 3 m of a direct-fired vaporiser shall be separated from the jl open flame by a non-combustible vapour-tight partition or partitions. b) The vaporiser shall not take the product pressure above the design pressure of the vaporiser equipment or above the design pressure of the container. c) The vaporiser, irrespective of its capacity, shall be so located that: r' i) the vapour path from the container shell to the vaporiser is not less than 10 m; 11 1 : and :1P ,!I ii) the vapour path from container valves, and filling and discharge connections to the vaporiser is not less than 10 m. il' The vaporiser shall be installed at the m1mmum safety distances from buildings, d) ':1' property-boundaries, streets and roads in accordance with Table 3. I' ,:1: Table 3. Safety distances for direct-fired vaporisers Capacity of vaporiser Minimum safety distance (Lih) (m) Up to 70 3 Over 70 to 500 8 Over 500 15 4.3.4 Direct gas-fired container heaters Gas-fired heaters which directly heat the storage container shall not be used. 4.3.5 Electrically heated: vaporisers Electrically heated vaporisers, if of flameproof construction shall be considered indirect-fired vaporisers. If not of flameproof construction they shall be considered as direct-fired vaporisers. 4.4 Strainers 4.4.1 Strainers shall be designed to mm1m1se the possibility of particulate materials clogging damaging pumps, compressors, meters or regulators. The strainer element lines shall be accessible for cleaning. 4.5 Regulators 4.5.1 Regulators used to control distribution or utilisation pressure shall be as close as possible to the container or vaporiser outlets as it is practicable. First-stage regulating equipment shall be outside of buildings except when used with: 30 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 a) containers of less than 0.15 kl water capacity for the purpose of being filled in buildings or structures complying with 10.2; and b) liquid piping systems covered in 3.2.8. 4.5.2 Regulators shall be securely attached to container valves, containers, supporting structures or building walls. a) first-stage regulators shall be either directly cohnected to the container shutoff valve or outlet of vaporiser where used, unless attached thereto with flexibility provided in the connecting piping or the interconnecting piping of manifolded containers or vaporisers; and b) all regulators for outdoo"r installations, except regulators used for portable industrial application, shall be designed, installed, .or protected so that their operation will not be affected by the elements (rain, mud or debris). This protection may be integral with the regulator. 4.5.3 For regulating equipment installed outside of buildings, the discharge from a pressure relief valve device shall be located not less than 1 m horizontally away from any building opening below the level of such discharge, and not beneath any building unless this space is well ventilated to the outside and is not enclosed for more than 50 % of its perimeter. 4.5.4 For industrial buildings where two-stage regulation is used, the second-stage regulator may be located inside a building. On regulators i~stalled inside buildings, the discharge from the pressure relief device and from above the regulator and relief device diaphragms shall be vented to the outside air with the discharge outlet located not less than 1 m horizontally away from any building opening below the level of such discharge. This provision does not apply to appliance regulators otherwise protected or to regulators used in connection with 4.5.1 a). 4.5.5 Final stage regulators (excluding appliance regulators) shall be equipped with one or both of the following: a) A pressure relief valve on the low pressure side having a start to discharge setting within the limits specified in Table 4. b) A shut" off device that shuts the gas off at the regulator inlet when the downstream pressure reaches the overpressure limits specified in the table below. Such a device shall not open to penmit flow of gas until it has been manually reset. Table 4. Relief valve start-to-discharge setting for regulator Regulator delivery pressure Relief valve start-to-discharge setting, kPa (gauge) (%) of regulator delivery pressure Min. Max. 7 or less 170 300 Above 7, not over 21 140 250 Above 21 125 250 ©STANDARDS MALA.YSlA 2013- All rights reserved 31 MS 830:2013 SECTION 5: CAPACITY, LOCATION AND INSTALLATION OF ABOVEGROUND STORAGE CONTAINERS UP TO. FIRST-STAGE REGULATOR 5.1 Application This section specifies requirements on the capacity, location and installation of above gr9und storage containers up to first-stage regulator. This section does not apply to LPG cylinders. 5.2 Container location and safety distances 5.2.1 General requirements 5.2.1.1 Above ground storage containers shall be located in the open air outside buildings. 5.2.1.2 Storage containers within a group shall be located so that their longitudinal axes are parallel to each other and preferably are directed away from any nearby storage of hazardous gases or flammable or combustible liquids. Subjected to the approval of the relevant authority, cylindrical storage containers may be placed end to end, provided that the distance between the ends is not less than 3 m or twice the diameter of the larger container, whichever is the greater. 5.2.1.3 Storage containers shall not be installed one above the other. An aboveground container shall not be directly above any underground container. 5.2.1.4 To avoid accumulation of liquid or vapour beneath or in the immediate vicinity of a container, the container shall not be situated in or vertically above a depression on the site, nor should the area under or around the container be filled with aggregate with a high percentage of voids. No bunding around LPG containers is required but a diversion wall may be provided to control a spill. 5.2.2 Overhead transmission lines The placing of storage containers within 1.5 m measured horizontally from the vertical plane of overhead transmission lines shall be avoided, unless a suitable overhead earthing screen is provided extending 1.5 m beyond the container plan area. 5.2.3 Gas storage other than LPG The minimum separation between a LPG container and storage of a gas other than LPG shall be as shown in Table 5. 5.2.4 Flammable and combustible liquids storages i i I LPG containers shall not be located within the bunded areas of flammable and combustible ' liquids storages. Diversion kerbs, grading, compounds or the equivalent shall be provided to prevent the accumulation of flammable and combustible liquids under a LPG container. Above ground storage containers shall be at least 2 m from the fill point of an underground container containing flammable or combustible liquid. i 32 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved . 'I i :1 ! .I! . '· MS 830:2013 Table 5. Minimum separation between an LPG container and a storage of gas other than LPG Gas storage Minimum separation distance (m) a) Liquid oxygen in containers or cylinders i) up to 5 kl of LPG capacity 10 ii) over 5 kl up to 20 kl of LPG capacity 15 iii) over 20 kl of LPG capacity refer to relevant authority b) Compressed oxygen in cylinders 6 c) Combustible gases other than LPG treat as being LPG d) Other compressed gases in cylinders 6 e) Gases other than LPG or oxygen, in specific approval for each install containers 5.2.5 Ignition source A storage container shall be located so that: a) a fixed ignition source does not fall within a Zone 0, 1 or: 2 area; and b) the horizontal distance from container valves, and filling and discharge connections to fixed ignition source is not less than 4.5 m. 5.2.6 Safety distances 5.2.6.1 General Safety distances are. intended to protect the LPG facilities from the radiation effects of fires involving other facilities as well as to minimise the risk of eScaping LPG being ignited before being dispersed or diluted. Safety distances shall be measured horizontally and radially from the container shells to the specified feature (e.g. an adjacent storage container, building, and property boundary) except that where deflection or radiation walls are used; the distance shall be measured in a horizontal line around such walls. 5.2.6.2 Use of deflection walls Deflection walls (see 15.6.1) used to achieve safety distances shall comply with the following requirements: a) a deflection wall shall not be lower than 2 m high and shall have a 4 h fire resistance rating (see note); b) the deflection wall shall be located in accordance with the requirements of Annex F; ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 33 MS 830:2013 c) not more than two separate deflection walls located on opposite sides of the LP.G container shall be built. A continuous wall or two separate walls containing an acljte angle shall not be built around LPG container, and ' d) the deflection wall shall not be located on the property boundary, if the neighbouring;or adjacent property may be built upon. r NOTES: 1. Deflection walls can pose a serious hindrance in figh~ing a fire if poorly positioned. 2. A wall constructed from brickwork, masonry or concrete, 200 mm thick or reinforced concrete 150 mm thick, is deemed to have a 4 h fire resistance rating. 5.2.6.3 Changed site conditions Where alterations on the installation site result in a breach of the requirements for safety distances, the containers affected shall be moved so as to restore compliance or the container(s) shall be taken out of service. · 5.2.6.4 Refineries and bulk plants Location of aboveground storage containers in refineries and bulk plants shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 1. 5.2.6.5 Bulk storage at consumers' premises This applies to commercial and industrial consumers' premises such as industrial plants and hotels where there is bulk storage of LPG. Location of aboveground storage containers in these premises shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 2. The following requirements shall also apply: a) The number of storage containers in any one group shall not exceed six. Any container in one group shall be at least 7.5 m from the nearest storage container in another group unless a deflection wall is erected between the groups. When deflection walls are used to separate groups of containers, the direct distance from each container in one group to the nearest container in another group shall be at least 4 m. This requirement does not apply to installations of cylinder systems. b) Containers up to 0.5 kl water capacity may be permitted with zero distance to buildings, property boundaries, etc. provided the space in the opposite direction is clear for a minimum distance of 3 m. Not more than four containers shall be permitted to be installed in a group with zero distances. Such groups of containers shall be separated from other groups of containers by a minimum distance of 8 m given in Figure 3. Maximum of two groups of containers are allowed for such purposes. •'! I c) Vaporisers, other than direct-fired type, shall be installed at a minimum distance of 1.5 m from the nearest storage container. Direct-fired vaporisers shall be installed at the minimum safety distances given in Figure 2. Further requirements for vaporisers are given in 4.3. 34 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Water capacity Min. safety distance of individual (m) container (kl) A B c D E F R Is IT Iu < 135 (D1 + Di)/4 30 3 6 5 10 t 135 to 265 (D 1 + D2)/4 45 3 6 5 10 see Figure 7 > 265 (D1 + D,)/4 60 3 6 5 10 ~ NOTE. The location of the deflection wall shall comply with the requirements shown in Annex F. Figure 1. Location of aboveground containers in refineries and bulk plants ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 35 MS 830:2013 Boun~ary fence 2m high Bund wall -~.:. ., ,• ., 0 B D c c 'i' p Q ! ~--614--....J A B Building Q G H~· Q Q · · Olred·fired · vaporiser Deflection wall H p p P+Q2::8 Boundary Not to s~le_ Side walk street or road Water capacity of Min. safety distance individual (m) container A B c D G H (kl) ~,l,. Up to 0.5 None None' 3 6 10 Over 0.5 to 2.5 1 4.5 3 6 10 Over 2.5 to 10 1 7.5 3 6 10 Over 10 to 135 NOTES: (Dl + D,_)/4 15 3 6 10 1 1. The location of the deflection wall shall comply with the requirements shown in Annex F . . ·I···· . 1,1!! 2. For location of indirect-fired vaporiser, see 5.2.6.5 c) and 4.3.1.3 e), f). I II "' Subject to the_ requirements in 5.2.6.5 b). I Figure 2. Location of aboveground containers for bulk storage at consumers' premises 36 ©STANDARDS MALAYSiA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Building Conl:liners (single line oPerated) Bm 3m clearance. · Property bounc!ry Figure 3. Installation of containers up to 0.5 kl 5.2.6.6 Automotive LPG dispensing stations ' where LPG is dispensed This applies to location of aboveground storage containers in sites into permanently mounted fuel containers of vehicles. Location of aboveground storage containers in these premises shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 4. For reasons of space and cost economy a so-called 'compact unit' (a unit where the storage container, compressor, pump and dispenser column are mounted on a steel frame) is permitted provided that the storage container does not exceed 8 kl water capacity. Such compact units do not have to meet the minimum safety distance between storage container and dispenser but have to comply with the other safety distances. The compact unit can be prefabricated and transported complete to the site. Further requirements for automotive LPG dispensing stations are given in Section 13. The maximum number of storage containers in any one group and the safety distance between groups of containers shall comply with 5.2.6.5 a). ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 37 MS 830:2013 Site boundary r 'I K B ¢ LPG/ petrol . Building 1-!--B---1 t .dispenser · (Excluding canopY) L petrol LPG/ J dispenser . Fence 2-m hlgh K P+Q ~B Not to scale Site boundary, side walk, street or road Water capacity of Minimum safety distance individual (m) container A 8 c D J K L M (kl) Up to 0.5 1 1 3 6 1 3 5 6 Over 0.5 to 2.5 1 . 3 3 6 3 3 5 6 Over 2.5 to 10 1 7.5 3 6 7.5 3 5 6 Over 10 to 70 1.5 15 3 6 15 3 5 6 NOTE. The location of the deflection wall shall comply with the requirements shown in Annex F. Figure 4. Location of aboveground containers in automotive LPG dispensing stations 38 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved I MS 830:2013 I I 5.2.7 Vertical LPG storage containers in industrial consumers' premises 5.2.7.1 Vertical LPG storage containers more than 0.5 kl are allowed to be installed in industrial consumers' premises only. The capacity of each container shall not exceed 20 kl and must be so located to comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 2. The vertical LPG storage containers must be designed in accordance with the applicable provisions for horizontal ASME storage containers and shall be fabricated with lifting lugs or some other suitable means to facilitate erection in the field. Vertical containers designed for permanent installations in stationary service aboveground shall be installed on reinforced concrete or steel structural supports on reinforced concrete foundations which are designed to meet the following loading provisions: a) Containers shall be designed to be self-supporting without the use of guy wires and shall satisfy proper design criteria taking into account wind, seismic (earthquake) forces, and hydrostatic test loads. b) Design pressure (see Table 1) shall be interpreted as the pressure at the top head with allowance made for increased pressure on lower shell sections and bottom head due to the static pressure of the product. c) Wind loading on containers shall b~ based on wind pressures on the projected area at various height zones aboveground in accordance with MS 1553. Wind speeds shall be based on a Mean Occurrence Interval of 50 years. d) Seismic loading on containers shall be based on a seismic analysis of the proposed installation which meets the approval of the authority having Jurisdiction. 5.2.7.2 Steel supports shall be protected against fire exposure with a material that has a fire resistance rating of at least 2 h. 5.2.7.3 Vertical ASME containers used in liquid service shall not be manifolded to horizontal ASME containers. Vertical ASME containers of different dimensions shall not be manifolded together. 5.3 Installation (excluding compact units) 5.3.1 Foundations and supports All stationary containers shall be installed on substantial masonry or concrete foundations. Horizontal storage containers shall preferably have two supports. Where necessary, containers shall be securely anchored or weighted to prevent floating. All foundations and fastenings shall be designed to provide complete safety under all anticipated loading, including wind and vibration. The minimum design load shall be the mass of the container and its attachments together with the mass of the water required to completely fill the container. Where more than one container is installed and the containers have common vapour or liquid connections or both, then the containers shall be supported so that their maximum liquid levels are in the same horizontal plane. However, where approved suitable valving or piping is installed to prevent uncontrolled liquid levelling, then such requirement need not apply. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 39 ~~'::;".7"~ ...... ·-·-,.~---"'-·-" "'""•--·~--------~·- '1 MS 830:2013 5.3.2 Support for cylindrical containers 5.3.2.1 Concrete or masonry supports, pads or footings with steel cradle Cylindrical storage cylinders may be mounted on non-fireproof steel cradles which ~re constructed on concrete or masonry supports, pads or footings, provided that the distance from the lower surface of the tank to the top of the concrete or masonry supports, pads or footings does not exceed 250 mm. The container shall also be so mounted that the outside bottom of the container is not more than 1.5 m above the surface of the ground. Suitable means of preventing corrosion; by the attachment of a fully seal-welded doubling plate with round corners shall be provided on that portion of the storage container in contact with the foundations or saddles. 5.3.2.2 Fire-proofed steel supports Where the distance between the lower surface of the container and the top of the concrete or masonry foundation exceeds 250 mm, steel cradle supports shall be encased in brick or concrete, or in other material having a fire-resistance rating of at least 2 h. Where fire-proofed steel supports are used, positive means shall be employed to prevent the ingress of moisture between the fire-proofing and the steel support. 5.3.3 Supports for spherical containers Steel leg supports shall be encased in a fireproof material to a height of not less than the horizontal level of the lower edge of the equator plate, but in no case shall the support be unprotected for a distance greater than 300 mm below the lowest point of attachment of the leg to the sphere. The fireproof material shall be concreie or other material having a fire- resistance rating of at least 2 h. Where fire-proofed steel supports are used, positive means shall be employed to prevent the ingress of moisture between the fire-proofing and the steel support., 5.3.4 Expansion and contraction of containers All aboveground storage containers shall be installed in such a manner as will allow for expansion and contraction of the container. All fixed piping connections shall be located between the fixed end pedestal and the fiXed end of the container, or suitable expansion arrangements shall be provided in the piping. 5.3.5 Interconnected containers Where two or more LPG containers are interconnected either to the vapour or liquid space, the following requirements shall apply: The start-to-discharge pressure of all safety relief valves shall be the same. The maximum liquid level of all containers shall be on the same horizontal plane, except that a number of containers with differing levels may be filled off a common filling pipe provided that the arrangement of valves together with the associated operating procedures will ensure that uncontrolled levelling cannot cause over-filling of any one container. ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 c) Where liquid return is provided for multiple containers having a common withdrawal pipe, the system shall be capable of returning liquid to the container or containers from which liquid is being drawn. d) Where containers are connected by a common liquid line, a vapour balancing line interconnecting the vapour space of all containers shall be provided. e) Where two or more containers are direct filled, the arrangement of pipe work and auxiliary equipment shall be such that quick access and egress is not hindered. 5.3.6 Interconnected withdrawal pipe Where two or more containers are interconnected by a common liquid withdrawal pipe but have independent filling connections mounted directly on each container. a) A vapour balancing pipe of adequate size to ensure rapid levelling shall interconnect the vapour spaces of all containers. b) The aggregate container capacity shall not exceed 16 kl unless it is specifically approved. 5.3.7 Security and damage protection 5.3.7.1 Container security A container which is readily accessible to the public shall be provided with a means to prevent tampering with any container fitting which could lead to an escape of gas. The provision shall be capable of being locked and may be one of the following: a) a fully surrounding fence complying with 5.3.7.2 or an equivalent security fence surrounding the whole of the property; b) a fence surrounding only \hose components requiring prqtection; or c) a lockable dome or cage complying with 5.3.7.3, provided that the container capacity does not exceed 8 kl and the container iS·not in a- school, playground or park. 5.3.7.2 Security fence A security fence shall be at least a chain wire fence of a strong construction and shall not be less than 2m high. In addition: a) A fully surrounding fence shall be at least 1.5 m from the nearest point of the container and provided with a lockable outward-opening gate at opposite ends of the enclosure (see note). NOTE. The gates shall be kept locked when unattended and both gates shall be unlocked throughout operations inside the enclosure. b) A partial fence surrounding valves or pumps only shall be installed so that access through the fence is not possible; not less than one lockable gate, 1 m wide, that allows easy access to the equipment shall be provided. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 41 MS 830:2013 I, • ,• I i i :,"~ ,, '1.', 5.3.7.3 Lockable dome or cage The lockable dome or cage shall be so designed that a) the possibility of tampertng with the protected fittings is prevented; b) if gas discharging from a safety relief valve is ignited, the resulting flame will burn clear of the container; and c) moisture is not retained. The dome or cage shall be kept locked at all times except when adjustment to or maintenance of container fittings by an authortsed person is required. 5.3.7.4 Damage protection Any-container or other part of an installation Which is not fenced and which because of its location is susceptible to damage from manoeuvring vehicle shall be protected against impact by such vehicles by one of the following arrangements: a) 75 mm water pipe filled with concrete or cement spaced at a maximum of 1.2 m apart, at least 1.5 m from the container and at least 1.2 m high except that if 4 m or more distant from container they may be 0.5 m high; and b) crash guards at least 700 mm high and 1.5 m from the container. 5.3.8 Location of filling connection 5.3.8.1 Filling connections should be as close to the container as is practicable but not directly underneath. Offset/remote fill points should be used whenever vehicle access would otherwise be difficult. 5.3.8.2 Filling connections should be located within the storage fenced area When I,I, practicable if outside, then the terminal fitting shall be adequately protected against vehicle 1:, damage and tampertng by unauthorised persons. J !i' 5.3.8.3 Filling connections shall be easily accessible. 1.':! i I 5.3.8.4 Filling connections shall be located so that the safe positioning of the tank vehicle I and its quick removal in an emergency is facilitated. 'I ''I! i 5.3.8.5 Offset/remote filling connections including vapour returns shall be clearly labelled I' ii: ~ 'liquid' or 'vapour' as appropriate and shall terminate aboveground level and shall allow a horizontal connection to be made with delivery hose(s). !T i :1.·, 'I' 5.3.8.6 Filling connections shall be located so that separation distances from buildings, ': property boundaries, etc. are not less than the safety distance given in Figures 1, 2 or 4 as ~i'!lI appropriate, up to a maximum of 15 m and provided that the filling connection is not less than 1 m horizontally from any opening into a building that is at a lower level than filling connection. i·! ;II The vapour path distance from filling connection to a fiXed ignition source shall be as required '•I in 5.2.5 b). The horizontal distance from a container filling connection to the commencement of the enclosed portion of any underground drain shall not be less than the distance specified •. I',,I in Table 6 unless the drain entrance incorporated a gas flow barrter. The filling connection I shall be so located that it permits compliance with 8.2.3.3. I 42 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 • All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Open drains which have a depth of more than 0.6 m and a width which is less than the depth shall be considered as an enclosed underground drain by reason of the possibility of entrapment of LPG vapour by open drains of such configuration. NOTE. The gas flow barrier shall not exceed a height of 0.6 m. Table 6. Distance to any opening enclosed underground drain Water capacity of container Distance to opening into enclosed (kl) undergro~~d drain (m Up to 0.5 1.5 1 2 2 4 5 5 8 6 10 7 15 8 20 9 50 10 .100 ' 11 200 12 Over500 15 5.3.8.7 An effective earthing connection shall be provided at the filling point of container greater than 2.5 kl water capacity for container electrically bonded to the LPG supply vehicle. 5.3.9 Piping 5.3.9.1 Support of piping All exposed above ground piping shall be adequately supported. The distance between supports for copper pipe shall not exceed 0.5 m. 5.3.9.2 Underground pipes Underground piping that is subject to container pressure shall be provided with a protective coating at least equal to that for underground containers (see 6.2.4.2, 6.2.4.3 and 6.2.4.4). Other underground piping shall have corrosion protection appropriate to the conditions. 5.3.9.3 Aboveground pipes For containers up to 8 kl water capacity fitted with a lockable dome or cage and not fenced off, exposed service piping shall be of steel or encased in steel. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 43 .,;.,_:.~- '> • - j '", - -• • • • ~· I '< • - • ~· ·~- • : - ' • • ~~ - ..... ~::1~ MS 830:2013 i! ~i 5.3.9.4 Insulated joints Where underground piping that is attached to a cathodically protected container or piping system emerges aboveground, an insulated joint shall be fitted adjacent to the pain! of emergence and any piping and fittin~s on the aboveground side of it shall be earthed. · Art insulated joint shall have an electrical resistance exceeding 1 Mn. Single-insulated joints may be used provided that effective testing in situ is possible, otherwise double-insul~ted joints shall be used, such joints being pre-fabricated and tested before being welded into position. 5.3.1 0 Painting of containers All aboveground storage containers shall be painted and such paint shall be effectively maintained to prevent corrosion. It is recommended that the storage containers be painted ; .! white. 5.3.11 Cleanliness around containers The area surrounding an aboveground storage container shall be kept free from combustible material for at. least the following distances: i) containers up to 8 kl water capacity: 3 m; and ii) containers greater than 8 kl water capacity: 6 m. 5.3.12 Inspection Aboveground containers shall be inspected by the LPG container owners in accordance with the requirements in Table 7 and records of such inspection are to be made available for examination by the relevant authority. 5.4 Containers for temporary storages 5.4.1 General Containers intended for use. at a location for temporary storage for a period not exceeding 6 months may be exempted only from the requirements of 5.3.2. 5.4.2 Metal supports A container intended for use at a given general location for a period not exceeding 6 months, need not have fire-resisting foundations or saddles, provided that a) the container shall have adequate ferrous metal supports; and b) the outside bottom surface of the container shall be not more than 600 mm above ground level. 44 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Table 7. Inspection of aboveground containers Frequency of Containers with Container.; without test manholes manholes Every 5 Years Full external examination. Ultrasonic test As for container with manholes may be used to supplement the external examination if necessary Every 10 Years Full internal visual examinatjon in Ultrasonic or hydrostatic test addition to the 5 yearly external examination Where the clearance between the outside bottom surface of the container and the ground is greater than 600 mm, supports shall have a fire resistance rating of at least 2 h. The top of the supports shall be in contact with the skid members of the containers. Where containers are not located on a hard surface, adequate provision shall be made to prevent the possibility of settlement of movement. 5.4.3 Piping connections Where a container is _not permanently located on fireproof foundations: piping connections shall be sufficiently flexible to minimise the possibility of breakage or leakage through connections if the container settles or moves. 5.5 Discharge from safety relief valves 5.5.1 The discharge from a safety valve shall not be Jess than 1.5 m measured horizontally from any opening in a building which is situated below such discharge. The discharge shall be directed away from the building and shall not be located in enclosed areas, such as light wells. 5.5.2 The discharge lines from safety relief valves fitted to all containers shall be directed vertically upwards and away from the container and for containers exceeding 8 kl Water capacity, shall terminate at a point at least 2 m above the container. 5.5.3 Where the safety relief valve of containers of 8 kl water capacity or Jess is under a lockable dome or cage, adequate provision shall be made for the dispersal of gas from -such safety relief valve, without deflection or impingement on to such container or adjacent container or containers, equipment, or any combustible substance. 5.6 Accessibility to fittings 5.6.1 Elevated valves and fittings normally used in the filling and emptying of aboveground storage containers shall be accessible from properly installed ladders and platforms. 5.7 Signs and notices 5.7.1 The following messages in the form of signs (notices may be included if so wished) shall be clearly displayed at a container or storage area: a) no smoking; b) no naked lights; ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 45 MS 830:2013 : .; ,, iii i c) nearby material is a fire risk; and d) no handphone. Signs shall be in accordance with Annex M and of suitable size. Warning notices shall berin letters at least 50 mm high. l 5.8 Illumination 5.8.1 Installations for which LPG transfer will occur at night on a scheduled basis shall be provided with fixed lighting, able to provide illumination at a level not less than 50 lux at all valves, couplings, and gauges that may be involved in the transfer operation. 5.9 Conveyance 5.9.1 Containers not exceeding 8 kl water capacity Storage containers not exceeding 8 kl water capacity may be conveyed, if approved on a road vehicle, or on a trailer, provided that the LPG content does not exceed 5 % of the nominal capacity of the container. .I :' 5.9.2 Containers exceeding 8 kl water capacity Storage containers exceeding 8 kl water capacity shall be conveyed only in a completely purged and gas free condition. All storage containers being conveyed under this requirement shall be securely attached to the road vehicle or trailer, to prevent movemeni in any direction. ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 46 MS 830:2013 SECTION 6: CAPACITY, LOCATION AND INSTALLATION OF UNDERGROUND/MOUNDED STORAGE CONTAINERS UP TO FIRST- STAGE REGULATOR 6.1 Application 6.1.1 This section specifies requirements on the. capacity, location and installation of underground/mounded storage containers up to first-stage regulator. This section does not apply to LPG cylinders. 6.1.2 Underground containers shall be completely buried under the ground. Mounded containers are containers which are partly or wholly above the general ground level but are entirely covered with earth or. sand to prescribed requirements given in 6.4.1 and 6.4.2. :t Mounded containers shall be treated as underground containers. l !!11 6.1.3 Where applicable, underground/mounded container installation shall comply with the appropriate requirements of Section 5. IJ 6.2 Special requirements for underground/mounded containers I' !·:) 6.2.1 Approved storage containers shall not be buried underground/mounded unless :.r written permission has first been granted by the relevant authority. 6.2.2 Container design pressure The minimum design pressure of underground/mounded storage containers shall be 1 750 kPa (gauge). 6.2.3 Lifting lugs All underground storage containers shall be provided with ljfting lugs or other approved means for lowering the container into position without damage to the container or to the corrosion resistant coating provided in accordance with 6.2.4. Any damage shall be repaired in accordance with 6.2.4. NOTE. Underground containers should have a liquid evacuation pipe running down into a shallow welt (e.g. a short piece of 75 mm diameter pipe, blanked off) in the base of the cont_ainer for cleaning out purposes. 6.2.4 Corrosion control 6.2.4.1 General Each underground/mounded container shall be provided with a corrosion resistant coating and with cathodic protection. 6.2.4.2 Surface preparation Before application of coating material, the external surfaces of the container shall be·suitably prepared by grit blasting or chemical treatment. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 47 MS 830:2013 6.2.4.3 Coating material ·' The external surfaces of the container shall be covered with a corrosion-resistant coating which will provide an electrical insulator between the containers and earth. The coating material shall be strongly bonded to all external surfaces of the containers and shall be in~rt. non-absorbent to moisture, of high dielectric strength and of adequate mechanical strength~ to resist damage during handling of the container or from its burial in soil. The preparation of the surface and the handling and application of the material shall be in accordance with the codes approved by the relevant authority (see Annex A). 6.2.4.4 Testing of coating After coating of the container is completed, the electrical resistance of the coating and its continuity shall be spark tested over the whole surface using a potential suitable for the characteristics of the particular coating, in accordance with the codes approved by the relevant authority (see Annex A). Any flaws detected in this test shall be repaired and retested. Any damage to the coating sustaihed during handling or installation of the container shall also be repaired and the repair spark tested as above, before burying the container. 6.2.4.5 Cathodic protection Every underground/mounded container and associated underground/mounded pipe work shall have an adequately designed cathodic protection system. This system may be of the sacrificial anode or impressed current type but in either case shall be provided with a point at which a test can be made to determine the efficacy of the system. Tests shall be made every 6 months and records of such tests shall be kept and be available to the relevant authority. Where there is cathodic protection common to the container and an underground/mounded pipeline as in 6.4.6.1, the insulated joint may be bonded across or omitted. 6.3 Container location and safety distances 6.3.1 General requirements 6.3.1.1 Underground/mounded storage containers shall not be placed inside building or in open pits. 6.3.1.2 Storage containers shall not be located beneath the bunded area of flammable or combustible liquid storages. 6.3.1.3 Storage containers shall not be installed one above the other. An underground container shall not be directly below any aboveground container. 6.3.1.4 An underground/mounded LPG container shall not be less than 3 m from an underground container containing flammable and combustible liquids. 48 @STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 6.3.1.5 Underground containers shall be protected from aboveground loading due to vehicular traffic or other cause, either by fencing off the area under which the containers are buried, or by reinforced concrete slab or other adequate cover to prevent the weight imposing concentrated direct loads on the container shell. If the container area is not fenced off, the container manhole cover and the container fittings shall be protected against damage and tampering. The perimeter of the area under which containers are buried shall be penmanently marked. 6.3.2 Safety distances 6.3.2.1 The safety distances refer to the horizontal distance in plan between the nearest point on the storage container and a specified feature (e.g. an adjacent storage container building, property boundary). 6.3.2.2 The number of underground/mounded storage containers in any one group shall not exceed six. Any container in one group shall be at least 7.5 m from the nearest storage container in another group. 6.3.2.3 Safety distances for underground/mounded storage containers in various locations shall comply with the requirements in 6.3.2.4 and 6.3.2.5. 6.3.2.4 Bulk storage at consumers' premises This applies to commercial and industrial consumers' premises such as industrial plants and I hotels where there is bulk storage of LPG. Location of unqerground/mounded storage containers in these premises shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in I Figure 5. Location of vaporisers shall comply with 5.2.6.5c). Further requirements for vaporisers are given in 4.3. 6.3.2.5 Automotive LPG dispensing stations Location of underground/mounded storage containers in automotive LPG dispensing stations shall comply with the minimum safety distances given in Figure 6. Further requirements for automo~ve LPG dispensing stations are given in Section 13. ' 6.3.2.6 Refineries and bulk plants Location of underground/mounded storage containers in refineries and bulk .plants· shall comply with the minimum safety distance shown in Figure 7. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 49 i ! MS 830:2013 Boundary fence 2 m high Bundwall .,....-- ...... / / Classl. "\ f II or Ill \ t flammable 1 & Combustible / '<=--\~ // I ~( 1 I ~--, I \ I I I. I I I I I I - I 1 - I ~----- B -------il i·§" LA~ -E ~ r- B -· 1 I ~, 1-~-·1 - Building ,gE !,gEl \--- H--{ G_!G.!!.I 19:61 l .1! ~ I - Direct-fired . J 1 ..J 1 vaporiser· 1\. / .\ I. -- \. H l- I B Boundary Not to scale Side walk street or road Water capacity of- Minimum safety distance (m) individual container (kl) B c D G H A 3 6 10 See 4.3.3.3 d) Up to 135 1.5 3 NOTE. For location of indirect-fired vaporisers, see 5.2.6.5 c) and 4.3.1.3 e), f). Figure 5. Location of underground/mounded containers for bulk storage at consumers' premises ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 50 MS 830:2013 Boundary sundwall ", .;; c '». ., 0 B Vent plpes ~--- K i M M / l \ "' I ~~~~~-~ flammable "\ & combustible· / liquids (unditrgTound) j {-\/ \ c c LPG/ petrol dispenser B Not to scale Side wall<. street or road Water capacity of Minimum safety distance individual container (m) (kl) A B c D J K L M Up to 70 1.5 3 3 6 3 3 5 6 Figure 6. Location of underground/mounded containers for automotive LPG dispensing stations ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 51 :~ . :. ~ .. _. .. - " r ~ -. ~ -_ _. _ - . _ , . ._ _ ,.,.,j, MS 830:2013 2m high r 'I Pipe tracK or Internal road BulK LPG filling/discharge I'• ·~ I . u c -" Water capacity of Minimum safety distance individual container m) (kl) A 8 c D F R s T u co co < 135 2.5 15 3 6 7.5 15 10 ~ ~ ::l ::l .!2' Cl 135 to 265 2.5 20 3 6 7.5 u.. Q) u: Q) 15 10 > 265 2.5 30 3 6 7.5 " (f) Q) (f) 15 10 Figure 7. Location of underground/mounded containers in refineries and bulk plants 52 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved I I, !I· I MS 830:2013 6.4 Installation 6.4.1 Foundations All underground/mounded containers shall be installed on a consolidated bed of non- corrosive inert material such as sand at least 150 mm thick evenly along its length. If necessary, containers shall be securely anchored to prevent floating. 6.4.2 Backfilling Backfilling material immediately adjacent to the container shall consist of at least 150 mm of non-corrosive inert material such as water-washed sand free from soil, rocks, gravel or ashes and other deleterious matter. Backfilling sand shall have a minimum resistivity of 100 n when tested after thorough moistening with distilled water. The sand shall be well tamped into place during the backfilling operation. Mounded containers shall have the upper surface covered with earth to a depth of at least 600 mm. If vehicles can pass above the underground containers, it shall be covered by at least 300 mm of sand superimposed with reinforced concrete not less than 150 mm thick, but also adequate to support any likely superimposed, loading, and extending at least 300 mm in all directions beyond the ·outline of the container. If traffic access is prevented a covering of at least 600 mm of sand or earth is acceptable. · Care shall be taken, throughout the life of the container, to avoid introducing ashes or other corrosive material above or in close proximity to it. 6.4.3 Access pit Where valves and fittings of the container are located in an access pit, adequate provision shall be made for the proper drainage and ventilation of the pit. The access pit shall not be larger than necessary for the operation and maintenance of the valves and fittings located therein and shall be not more than 1 m deep. It shall be adequately protected by means of a locked cover. 6.4.4 Location of filling connection The requirements in 5.3.8 shall apply. 6.4.5 Discharge from safety relief valve 6.4.5.1 Point of discharge For all underground/mounded containers, the discharge from the safety relief valve shall terminate vertically and directly upward at a point at least 3m above ground level. · 6.4.5.2 Discharge rate for underground/ mounded container before filling If no LPG is put into a container until after it is placed underground or mounded, the rate of discharge of the safety valve shall not be less than 30 % of the capacity in accordance with Annex D. 53 @STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved l MS 830:2013 6.4.5,3 Gas in container during installation If LPG is present in the container during its installation, the· rate of discharge shall be in accordance with the requirements for aboveground containers as given in Annex D. 6.4.6 Piping 6.4.6.1 Underground pipes All underground/mounded piping connected to the container shall be provided with a protective coating of a quality at least equal to that of the container itself and tested in the :.'i same manner as the container. Where the container is connected to an underground pipeline, other than the pipe work associated with the installation itself and in the immediate vicinity of it, an insulated joint shall be installed in the pipeline adjacent to the container. Where ·sail conditions are unstable and settling of piping or foundation walls or heavy vehicular traffic may occur, adequate measures shall be provided to prevent excessive stressing of the piping. Piping shall be buried in a sufficient depth or covered in a manner so '·.1'· as to protect the piping from physical damage. Consideration should be given to protect the piping from physical damage when it passes through flowerbeds, shrub beds and other such cultivated areas. 6.4.6.2 Aboveground pipes Where underground piping that is attached to a cathodically protected container or piping system emerges aboveground, an insulated joint shall be fitted adjacent to the point of emergence and any piping and fittings on the aboveground side of it shall be effectively earthed. Where pipe work terminates in an access pit, the insulated joint shall be fitted immediately above the bottom of the pit and the pipe work above the bottom of the pit and the pipe work above the insulated joint shall be effectively earthed. 6.4.6.3 Insulated joints Insulated joints shall comply with the requirements of 5.3.9.4. 6.4.7 Inspection The following conditions shall apply in respect of inspection of underground/mounded storage containers: a) Before any underground/mounded container is uncovered for inspection and opening or for any other purpose, it shall be fully purged; provided however that where external inspection only is intended and the container is not to be opened, the pressure shall be ·reduced to 35 kPa (gauge). b) When any fault is found in the protective coating, it shall be stripped off completely in the immediate vicinity of the fault and the underlying metal surface examined. Such defective coating shall be repaired and tested to the satisfaction of the relevant authority before recovering the container. 54 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 c) The relevant authority may extend intervals between periodic inspections where tests"' positively prove the effectiveness of the coating; provided however that all underground/mounded containers without manholes shall be uncovered for inspection at least once every 10 years. Underground/mounded containers with manholes shall be given a full internal visual examination and ultrasonic or hydrostatic test at least once every 10 years. d) The use of test plates buried separately from the container shall not be taken as evidence to justify extension of inspection periods. e) The safety relief valve and pressure gauge shall be removed for testing at intervals not exceeding 5 years. 6.4.8 Odorising All LPG stored in underground/mounded containers shall be odorised in accordance with 1.4. 55 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 SECTION 7: TRANSPORTATION OF LPG 7.1 Application ' 7.1.1 This section applies to containers, container appurtenances, piping, valves, equipmen~ and vehicles used in the transportation of LPG as follows. a) Transportation of cylinders. b) Transportation by road tanker, whether fabricated by mounting cargo tanks on conventional truck or trailer chassis or constructed as integral cargo units in which the container constitutes in whole, or in part, the stress member of the vehicle frame. c) Transfer equipment and piping, and the protection of such equipment and the container appurtenances against overturn, collision, or other vehicular accidents. d) Transportation in rail tanker.. 7.1.2 This section does not apply to the following: a) Container and related equipment incident to their use on vehicles as covered in Section 16. b) LPG systems used for engine as covered in MS 775. 7.2 Vehicle design 7 .2.1 The road tanker shall be strongly constructed in accordance to the Weight Restrictions (Federal Roads) (Amendment) Order 2003 and Motor Vehicles (Construction and Used) Rules 1959. 7.2.2 Electrical wiring shall be insulated and protected from physical damage and shall be located as to avoid d~mage to insulation from heat. 7.2.3 Unless otherwise approved by relevant authorities, the road tanker shall be powered by a compression ignition (diesel) engine. 7.2.4 Rail tanker intended for the transport of LPG shall comply with the requirements of the relevant authorities. 7.3 Accessories 7.3.1 Warning signs, lights Tanker transporting LPG shall be provided with the following warning equipment and danger marking as approved by the relevant authorities; a) portable reflectors complying with MS 1409; b) a reflective sign or portable flashing light, where the vehicle is not fitted with flashing light; and 56 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved ' ' MS 830:2013 c) two sets of 'No smoking', 'No naked light' and 'No handphone' signs (see Annex M) for placement. One at each end of the vehicle. 7.3.2 Protective gloves Protective, impermeable, thermal insulating gloves shall be provided for persons engaged during transfer operation involving a bulk conveyance container. 7.3.3 Instructions and procedure Tanker shall be provided with the following instructions: a) container filling and emptying procedures; and b) emergency procedure guides in accordance with Annexes G and H. 7.3.4 · Wheel checks Tanker which is a type permitted to operate without spring brakes shall be provided with at least two checks not less than 150 mm high., 7.3.5 Portable light A portable light suitable for Zone 1 hazardous are application shall be provided, connections being made by means of suitable socket fitted in a convenient position in the cabin of the vehicle, or alternatively an flameproof battery operated torch shall be carried. A separate flameproof lamp, together with a flameproof switch for its operation may be mounted near the valve.controls on the container. 7.3.6 Fire extinguishers Vehicle used to transport LPG shall be equipped with at least two units of approved portable fire extinguisher having a minimum capacity of 9 kg dry powder. with a 27AI144B rating behind the cabin and one unit of approved portable fire extinguisher having a minimum capacity of 2 kg C0 2 inside the cabin. 7.4 Transportation of cylinders 7.4.1 Cylinders shall be constructed and equipped as in accordance with Section 2. 7.4.2 Cylinder valves shall be protected as in accordance with Section 2. 7.4.3 The quantity of LPG in cylinders shall be in accordance with Section 9. 7.4.4 The cargo space of the vehicle shall be isolated from the driver's compartment, the engine, and its exhaust system. a) Open-bodied vehicles shall be considered to be in compliance with this provision. b) Closed-bodied vehicle having separated cargo, driver, and engine compartment shall also be considered to be in compliance with this provision. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 57 ' ! MS 830:2013 c) Closed-bodied vehicles such as passenger cars, vans, and station wagons shall not used for transporting more than 100 I water capacity and not more than 50 I water capacity per cylinder, unless the driver and engine compartments are separated from the cargo space by a vapour tight partition that contains no means of access to the cargo space. 7.4.5 Cylinders and their appurtenances shall be determined to be leak free before being loaded into vehicles. 7.4.6 Cylinders shall be loaded into vehicles with flat floors or equipped with racks for holding cylinders. 7.4.7 Cylinders shall be fastened in position to minimise the possibility of movement, tipping, and physical damage. 7.4.8 Vehicles transporting cylinders where tl]e total weight is more than 450 kg, including- the weight of the LPG and cylinders, shall be placarded as required by MS 1513: Part 5: Sub- Part 2. 7.5 Transportation in road tankers 7.5.1 Application 7.5.1.1 Section 7.5 applies to road tankers used for the transportation of LPG as liquid cargo. 7.5.1.2 Transfer shall be made by a pump or compressor mounted on the vehicle or by a transfer means at the delivery point. 7.5.1.3 Cargo tank and its appurtenances shall comply with Section 2. 7.5.2 Piping (including hose}, fittings and valves 7.5.2.1 Pipe, tubing, pipe and tubing fittings, valves, hose, and flexible connectors shall comply with section 3. 7.5.2.2 The following shall also apply to pipe, tubing, pipe .and tubing fittings, valves, hose, and flexible connectors: a) Where joints are threaded, or threaded and back welded, pipe and nipples shall be Schedule 80 or heavier. b) Copper pipe and nipples shall be of equivalent strengtih as Schedule 80 steel pipe or heavier. c) Where joints are welded, the pipe and nipples shall be Schedule 40 or heavier. 7.5.2.3 Valves, including shutoff valves, excess-flow valves, backflow check valves, and remotely controlled valves, used in piping shall comply witih Sections 2 and 3. 7 .5.2.4 Hose, hose connections, and flexible connection shall comply with Section 3. 7.5.2.5 Flexible connectors used in the piping system to compensate for stresses and vibration shall be limited to 1 m in overall length. 58 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 7.5.2.6 Flexible hose connectors shall comply with the following: a) Flexible hose connectors shall be permanently marked to indicate the date of installation of the flexible hose connector. b) The flexible hose portion of the connector shall be replaced with the unused connectors within 10 years of the indicated date of the installation and visually inspected before the first delivery of each day. c) The flexible hose portion of the connectors shall be replaced whenever a cargo tank unit is remounted on a different chassis, or whenever the cargo tank unit is re-piped if such re-piping encompasses that portion of piping in which the connector is located. d) Replacement shall not be required if the installation or re-piping is performed within 1 year of the date of assembly of the construction. 7.5.2.7 . All threaded primary valves and fitting used in liquid fillin·g or vapour equalisation directly on the cargo tank of transportation equipment shall be of steel, malleable iron, or ductile iron construction. 7.5.2.8 All existing equipment shall be equipped as described in 7.5.2o7 not later than the scheduled requalification date of the container. 7.5.3 Equipment 7.5.3.1 The design, construction and installation of LPG equipment, such as pumps, compressors, meters, regulators and strainers, shall comply with section 4. 7.5.3.2 Equipment on road tankers shall be mounted in place and connected to the piping system in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. 7.5.3.3 Cargo tank openings those only function is for pump bypass return shall be provided with one of the following: a) A positive shutoff valve capable of being secured in the open position and located as close to the tank as practical in combination with a steel backflow check valve installed in the tank. b) An internal valve with excess flow protection. c) A valve that is specifically recommended and listed by the manufacturer for bypass return service. 7.5.3.4 Where an electric drive is used to power pumps or compressors mounted on vehicles and the energy is obtained from the electrical installation at the delivery point, the installation on the vehicle shall comply with section 14. 7.5.3.5 Where wet hose is carried while connected to the truck's liquid pump discharge piping, an automatic device such as a differential regulator, shall be installed between the pump discharge and hose connection to prevent liquid discharge while the pump is not operating. ,,' a) Where a meter or dispenser is used, this device shall be installed between the meter outlet and the hose connection. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All Mghts reserved 59 .,.. ,, '. MS 830:2013 If an excess-flow valve is used, it shall not be the exclusive means of complying with b) the provision of the 7.5.3.5. 7.5.4 Exhaust system The exhaust system shall be free from leaks and shall be located so as to minimise the accumulation of oil or grease and shall be so designed as to inhibit the ejection of sparks. 7.5.5 Placard Road tankers shall be placarded as required by MS 1513: Part 5: Sub-Part 2. 7.5.6 Smoking prohibition No person shall smoke or carry lighted smoking material as follow: a) On or within 7.5 m of a vehicle that is containing LPG liquid or vapour. b) At points of liquid transfer. c) When delivering ·Or connecting to containers. 7.6 Parking 7.6.1 Parking outdoor 7.6.1.1 Vehicles shall not be left unattended on any street, highway, avenue, or alley, except for necessary absences from the vehicle associated with drivers' normal duties, . including stops for meals and rest stops during the day or night. except as follow: a) This requirement shall not apply in an emergency. b) This requirement shall not apply to vehicles parked in accordance with 7.6.1.3. 7.6.1.2 Vehicles shall not be parked in congested areas. 7.6.1.3 Where vehicles are parked off the street in uncongested areas, they shall be at least 15 m from any building used for assembly, institutional, or multiple residential occupancy. 7.6.1.4 A road tanker shall not be parked or left unattended in a street at night unless the vehicle is well lighted and conspicuous; either by its owned lighting or the street lighting, and a reflective sign or flashing light is displayed at or near the rear of the vehicle. 7.6.2 Parking indoors 7.6.2.1 Road tankers parked in any public garage or building shall have LPG removed from following: a) Cargo tank. b) Piping. 60 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved· MS 830:2013 c) Pump. d) Meter. e) Hoses. f) Related equipment. 7.6.2.2 Vehicles used to carry portable containers. shall not be moved into any public garage or building for parking until all portable containers have been removed from the vehicle. 7.6.2.3 The pressure delivery hose and related equipment shall be reduced to approximately atmospheric. 7.6.2.4 All valves shall be closed before the vehicle is moved indoors. Delivery hose or valve outlets shall be plugged or capped before the vehicle is moved indoors. 7.7 Servicing and repairing of road tankers 7.7.1 The following precautions shall be taken when it is necessary to carry out service or repair work on the chassis or engine of a LPG road tank vehicle: a) The vehicle shall not be parked near a source of heat, open flames or similar source of ignition. b) The driver shall instruct the responsible persons in the workshop the nature of the container contents and instruct them not to temper with the container valves and fittings. c) All primary shut off valves shall be closed and liquid or vapour in the hose piping vented to a safe location prior to moving the vehicle into the building. All hose connections shall be capped. d) The system shall be checked for leaks and any found shall be repaired before the vehicle is moved inside the building. e) The container shall be gauged to determine that it is not filled beyond the maximum filling capacity in accordance with 9.2. If overfilled, it shall be corrected before the vehicle is moved inside the building. 7.7.2 When it is necessary to carry out service or repair work on the chassis or engine of a LPG road tank vehicle indoor, the provisions of 7.6.2.1, 7.6.2.2 and 7.7.1 a) through d) shall be apply. 7.7.3 If the repair work or servicing is to be performed on a cargo tank system, all LPG shall be removed from the cargo tank and piping, and the system shall be thoroughly purged and certified by qualified personnel as specified in 8.2.1. NOTE: Care shall be taken to ensure that an LPG container is gas free before any work is carried out on it, particularly since vapour are likely to be released from any deposit, sedimentation, or gas pocketing in the container and pipe work after initial opening and testing. This hazard is accentuated where hot work is being carried out. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 61 MS 830:2013 SECTION 8: TRANSFER OF LIQUIDS 8.1 Application r •1 8.1.1 This section appliers to transfer of liquid LPG from one container to another whenever this transfer involves connections and disconnections in the transfer system or the venting of LPG to the atmosphere. 8.1.2 The requirements of this section do not apply to cylinder filling and decanting (see 10.5). 8.2 Operational safety 8.2.1 Transfer personnel 8.2.1.1 Transfer of LPG to and from a container shall accomplished only by qualified personnel trained in proper handling and operating procedures meeting the requirement of section 1.6 and in emergency response procedure. 8.2.1.2 Transfer personnel shall be trained in the fundamentals of fire-fighting and fire control with particular reference to fires involving LPG. They shall also be trained in the correct handling of any fire fighting and fire-control equipment provided and shall be exercised in this respect at frequent intervals. The location of all gas and liquid valves, main electrical isolation switches and hydrants shall be known and their use understood. 8.2.1.3 At least one qualified personnel shall be remain in attendance at the transfer operation from the time connections are made until the transfer is completed, shutoff valves are closed and lines are disconnected. 8.2.1.4 Transfers personnel shall exercise caution to ensure that the LPG transferred are those for which the transfer system and the containers to be filled are designed. 8.2.2 Filling and evacuating of containers 8.2.2.1 Containers shall be filled only after determined that they comply with the design, fabrication, inspection, marking and re-qualification provisions of this code. 8.2.2.2 A container shall not be filled if the container assembly does not meet the requirement for continued service. 8.2.2.3 Injection of compressed air, oxygen, or any oxidising gas into containers to transfer LPG liquid shall be prohibited. 8.2.2.4 When evacuating a container owned by others, the qualified personnel performing the transfer shall not inject any material other than LPG into the container. 8.2.3 Arrangement and operation of transfer system 8.2.3.1 Public access to areas where LPG is stored and transferred shall be prohibited except where necessary for the conduct of normal business activities. 62 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 •• 1. ·~·· fl :!I 'II 8.2.3.2 Sources of ignition shall be turned off during transfer operations, while connections ' or disconnections are made, or while LPG is being vented to atmosphere. a) Internal combustion engine within 4.5 m of a point of transfer shall be shut down while the transfer operations are in progress, with the exception of engine of LPG cargo tank vehicles constructed and operated in compliance with section 7 while such engines are driving transfer pumps or compressors on these vehicles to load containers. b) Smoking, open flame, portable electrical tools and extension lights capable of ignition LPG shall not be permitted with 7.5 m of a point of transfer while filling operations are in progress. c) Metal cutting, grinding, oxygen-fuel gas cutting, brazing, soldering or welding shall not be permitted within 10.7 m of a point of transfer while filling operations are in progress. d) Materials that have been heated above the ignition temperature of LPG shall be cooled before LPG transfer is started. e) Source of ignition shall be turned off during the filling of any LPG container on the vehicle. 8.2.3.3 Road tanker unloading into storage containers shall be at least 3 m from the container and so positioned that the shutoff valves on both the truck and the container are ready accessible. 8.2.3.4 When road tanker unloading LPG into storage containers exceeding 8 kl water capacity at one location, the vehicle shall be located off the public street and as far as practicable from open doorways and shall not obstruct entrance to buildings or fire escapes. 8.2.3.5 The road tanker shall not transfer LPG into dispensing station storage while parked on a public way. 8.2.3.6 The road tanker shall be positioned for quick egress without recourse to backing in the event of emergency. · 8.2.3.7 In the case of road tanker and rail tanker, unless the road tanker and the storage container or cylinder are readily visible and accessible one from the other, then two transfer personnel shall be in attendance throughout transfer operations, one at the vehicle and one at the storage container or cylinder. The person in attendance shall be capable of driving the vehicle in an emergency. 8.2.3.8 During the time rail tanker are on siding for loading or unloading, the following shall apply: a) A caution sign, with wording such as "Stop. TANK CAR CONNECTED," shall be placed at the active end(s) of the siding while the car is connected. b) Wheel chocks shaH be placed to prevent movement of the car in either direction. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 63 MS 830:2013 8.2.3.9 Where a hose or swivel-type piping is used for the loading or unloading rail tanker, it shall be protected as follows: a) An emergency shutoff valve shall be installed at the rail tanker end of the hose or swivel-type piping where flow into or out of the railroad tank car is possible. iI b) An emergency shutoff valve or a backflow check valve shall be installed on the rail tanker end of the hose or swivel piping where flow is only into the railroad tank car. 8.2.4 Emergency stoppage of operation Transfer operation shall be stopped and all valves closed in the event of the following: a) Uncontrolled leakage. b) A fire in the vicinity. c) A severe electrical stonm in the vicinity in the case of operation which involves venting of LPG. 8.2.5 Purging and filling new containers and system 8.2.5.1 When new containers and systems are to be comm1ss1on or containers and systems which have been gas-freed are to be filled shall be cleared of air by using inert gas. 8.2.5.2 Air shall be replaced by an inert gas. Sampling and testing of the 02 content discharged from the vent shall be carried out to detenmine the completeness of the air removal. 8.2.5.3 When filling the containers and systems, care shall be taken to prevent excessive chilling by the too rapid evaporation of the LPG transfer into it 8.2.6 Hose inspection 8.2.6.1 Hose assemblies shall be observed for leakage or for damage that could impair their integrity before each used. 8.2.6.2 These hose assemblies shall be inspected at least annually. 8.2.6.3 Inspection of pressurised hose assemblies shall include the following: a) Damage to outer cover that exposes reinforcement b) Kinked or flattened hose. c) Soft spots or bulges in hose. d) Couplings that have slipped on the hose are damaged, have missing parts, or have loose bolts. e) Leakage other than permeability leakage. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 64 ,11.' MS 830:2013 8.2.6.4 Hose assemblies shall be replaced, repaired, or continued in service based on the results of this inspection. 8.2.6.5 Leaking or damaged hose shall be immediately repaired or removed from service. 8.3 Venting LPG to the atmosphere 8.3.1 General LPG in either liquid or vapour form shall not be vented to the atmosphere unless it is vented under the following condition: a) Venting of LPG shall be permitted where the maximum flow from fiXed liquid level, rotary, or slip tube gauges does not exceed that from a No. 54 drill orifice. b) Venting of LPG between shutoff valves before disconnecting the liquid transfer line from the container shall be permitted. c) Venting of LPG, where necessary, shall be permitted to be performed by the use of bleeder valves. d) Venting of LPG listed liquid transfer pumps using such vapour as a source of energy shall be permitted where the rate of discharge does not exceed the discharge from a No. 31 drill size orifice. e) Venting of LPG for purging in accordance with 8.3.2 shall be permitted. f) Venting of LPG shall be permitted for emergency. g) Venting of LPG vapour utilised as the pressure source in remote shutdown systems for internal valves and emergency shutoff valves shall be permitted. 8.3.2 Venting 8.3.2.1 Venting of gas from containers for other purposes shall be accomplished in accordance with 8.3.2.2 through 8.3.2.5. 8.3.2.2 Venting of containers outdoors shall be performed under conditions that result in rapid dispersion of the product being release. 8.3.2.3 If the conditions are such that venting into the atmosphere cannot be accomplished safely, LPG shall be burned at least a distance of 7.5 m from combustibles. 8.3.2.4 Venting of containers and burning of LPG from containers shall be attended. 8.4 Pumps and compressors Pumps and compressors shall comply with the requirements in 4.2. ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 65 MS 830:2013 SECTION 9: FILLING CAPACITIES OF LPG CONTAINERS AND CYLINDERS 9.1 Application •f' This section includes requirements covering the maximum permissible LPG content of containers and the methods of verifying this quantity. 9.2 LPG capacity of containers 9.2.1 The maximum LPG content of any container shall be that quantity which equals to the maximum permitted filling ratio given in Table 8. The filling ratio depends on the size of the container, whether installed aboveground or underground and the density of the liquid LPG at 15 •c placed in the container. 9.2.2 Determination of the LPG content of a container complies with.Table 8 may be either by mass or by volume as of 9.3.1, 9.3.2 and 9.3.3. 9.3 Compliance with maximum permitted filling ratio requirements 9.3.1 Filling by mass The maximum mass, M (in kilograms), of liquid that may be introduced into a container may be calculated from the formula: M=CxD where, M is the maximum permitted mass which can be placed in a container, expressed in kilograms; C is the water capacity of the container, expressed in kilograms; and D is the maximum permitted filling ratio from Table 8, expressed in percentage. 9.3.2 Filling by volume Because the contents of a static storage container cannot normally be controlled by mass, some means is required for calculating the maximum volume of liquid that may be placed in a container· at any liquid temperature. The maximum permitted liquid volume, as a percentage of the total container capacity, may be determined for LPG at any liquid temperature by the method in Annex K. 9.3.3 Alternative maximum permitted liquid volume for containers up to 8 kl water capacity The maximum liquid volume, as a percentage of the total container capacity, given in Table 9 may be used in view of the maximum permitted filling ratio given in Table 8 for containers up to 8 kl total water capacity as a means of determining the maximum quantity that may be placed in the container (see note in Table 9). 66 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved '" MS 830:2013 ' Table 8. Maximum permitted filing ratio for LPG containers and cylinders : Density at 15 oc Maximum filing ratio (kg/L) (%) Aboveground up Aboveground Underground/mounded to 5 kl total water over 5 kl total all capacities capacity water capacity 0.473 to 0.480 38 41' 42 0.481 to 0.488 39 42 43 0.489 to 0.495 40 43 44 0.496 to 0.503 41 44 45 0.504 to 0.510 42 45 46 0.511 to0.519 43 46 47 0.520 to 0.527 44 47 48 0.528 to 0.536 45 48 49 0.537 to 0.544 46 49 50 0.545 to 0.552 47 50 51 0.553 to 0.560 48 51 52 0.561 to 0.568 49 52 53 0.569 to 0.576 50 53 54 0.577 to 0.584 51 54 ' 55 0.585 to 0.592 52 55 56 0.593 to 0.600 53 56 57 0.601 to 0.608 54 57 58 0.609 to 0.617 55 58 59 0.618 to 0.626 56 59 60 0.627 to 0.634 57 60 61 NOTE. This table applies to uninsulated containers and cylinders. For insulated road and rail tankers reference should be made to the relevant authority for approval. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- AU rights reserved 67 ;;;;·,., >r,(i;~l __ ,..~"" _., .. ~~, -'··, .. ·., · ••. · .. · • . ".z:~c:...,~~· ~ . . . ~~~-'-~~-,- MS 830:2013 Table 9. Maximum permitted liquid volume for containers up to 8 kl water capacity Maximum permitted liquid volume (%l of total water capacitY of container Underground and •f' Aboveground LPG container mounded container (Liquid temperature (Liquid temperature assumed is 5 oq assumed is 10 °C) 80 89 Propane (approx. density 0.51 kg/L) 83 91 Mixtures (approx. density 0.55 kg/L) 86 93 Butane (approx. density 0.58 kg/L) NOTE. This table is h1tended as a quick reference method for small deliVeries of LPG only, in places where there may not be a temperature measuring device or the necessary conversion tables to make a calculation as in Annex K. The method is safe as far as any danger of overti\llng is concerned but it shall not be used for containers greater thcin 8 kl water capacity. I I I' ,., :1,'.1' "I. 1~1: I',:·.,,·' l,·· ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved ' "I 68 ·II ·' : 1.~ I, I MS 830:2013 SECTION 10: CYLINDER FILLING 10.1 Application This section covers plants for the filling of cylinders of LPG and the handling and storage of cylinders at such plants. This may include the refilling of cylinders at consumers' premises for their consumption. 10.2 Cylinder filling locations and platforms 10.2.1 General requirements 10.2.1.1 Cylinder shall be filled with LPG only in buildings designed for that purpose or in the open air. The filling of cylinders shall not be done in basements or upper storeys of a building. 10.2.1.2 Floors may be near ground level or raised to vehicle platform height. If floor is raised, the space underneath should preferably be filled in or, if it is left open, .it shall be unobstructed and without depressions to ehsure ventilation. The open space beneath the floor shall not be used for any storage purpose and shall be kept cleari and free from any combustible material. 10.2.1.3 As far as possible, the floor of the building or area should be without channels, or other depressions which could accumulate gas. Where channels or pits in buildings are necessary for conveyors or other equipment they shall be adequately ventilated by ducts to the outside of the building. 10.2.1.4 A covered cylinder filling platform may be used, provided that at least two sides of the platform are not enclosed or alternatively, means of ventilation shall be provided for the approval of the relevant authority. 10.2.1.5 If the filling is not canned out within a fenced area; a fence of at least 2 m high shall be provided to enclose the filling and storage areas. A building or fenced area shall have at least two means of exit located as far apart as practicable. Doors or gates shall be opened outwards, shall not be self locking, and shall be capable of being opened readily from the inside. 10.2.1.6 No duct, drain, or blow-off line shall be directed into or discharged near sewer systems or drains used for other purposes. 10.2.1.7 Water drains from the filling building or area, where they pass to an outside drainage system. shall be provided with effective seals. 10.2.1.8 Piping, where it passes through a concrete or brick wall, shall be protected by a casing within which it is free to move. 10.2.1.9 Adequate lighting shall be provided to illuminate the working and storage areas. © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 - All rights reserved 69 ·.~··- l,,, MS 830:2013 10.2.2 Safety distances The cylinder filling building or filling area in the open shall be located in relation to buildings (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), property boundaries, I cylinder storage area, LPG tankers discharge/filling locations, flammable and combustible • liquids storages and bulk LPG storage containers in accordance with the minimum safety ' distances in Figure 8. 10.3 Cylinder filling 10.3.1 Inspection of cylinder prior to filling 10.3.1.1 Prior to filling, cylinder shall be visually inspected for mechanical damage. Damage caused by denting or corrosion and any unsafe cylinder shall be rejected. Visual inspection shall include an examination of the cylinder valve and a check on whether the cylinder is due for periodic test. Cylinders must·be retested or requalified in accordance with Annex L. 10.3.2 Filling system 10.3.2.1 Cylinder shall be filled accurately and checks made to ensure that overfilling does not take place. Filling may be by mass or volume. Filling of cylinders by volume may be carried out when the cylinder is fitted with a fixed liquid level gauge. Without prejudice to the safety requirements, all cylinders shall not be under filled to less than labelled weight. 10.3.2.2 The system shall be designed in such a way to minimise discharge minimum leakage when the connection to the cylinder valve is released. 10.3.2.3 Conveniently accessible stop valves shall be fitted to the end of each branch filling line from the header immediately before the filling unit. An approved emergency shutdown device shall be fitted to the liquid supply line to the filling platfonm. 10.3.2.4 Hydrostatic relief valves shall be fitted in pipeline where liquid may be trapped between closed valves. 10.3.3 Filling limits The maximum quantity of LPG filled into a cylinder shall be in accordance with the requirements of Section 9. 10.3.4 Venting of overfilled and leaking containers When the contents of an overfilled cylinder are adjusted by venting, a suitable vent shall be used to carry the vented gas from the filling building for dispersal in a safe place. I Alternatively, venting may be done in a safe place in the open air. i 10.3.5 Inspection after filling Each cylinder valve and cylinder after filling shall be inspected to ensure that it is free from leaks and satisfactory for service. 70 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 li Boundary fence 2 m hl9h i i I Bund wall Cylinder ftlllng u and storage R R LPG ~ ""~ ~ c 5 ~~~----------------------------------------~~~~ X+Y>R Not to scale Aggregate capacity of storage Minimum safety distance (m) Nominal mass of LPG storage B R s T u Water capacity of storage (kl) (tonne) Up to 6 5 1.5 Up to 13.5 OverS to 12 6 2 Over 13.5 to 27.0 Over 12 to 20 7 2.5 Over 27.0 to 45.0 Over 20 to 30 8 3 Over 45.0 to 67.5 See Over 30 to 50 Figure 9 3.5 Over 67.5 to 112.5 25 10 1 Over 50 to 60 10 4 Over 112.5 to 135.0 Over 60 to 1 00 11 4.5 Over 135 to 225.0 Over 100 to 150 12 5 Over 225.0 to 337.5 Over 150 to 250 15 6 Over 337.5 to 562.5 Over 250 20 7 Over 562.5 Figure 8. Safety distances for cylinder filling and cylinder storage 71 © STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013 - All rights reserved . MS 830:2013 10.3.6 Acceptable limit of leakage A cylinder with a leakage of not more than 1.5 g/h is acceptable for use (see note). Cylinders of suspected leakage of more than 1.5 g/h shall be tested as shown in Figure 9 to determine the actual amount of leakage. A cylinder with a leakage of more than 1.6 g/h shall not be used. '' I NOTE. For cylinder there may occur insignificant leakages that are impracticable to detect under normal production conditions even if the operator makes great efforts with suitable equipment. For this reason a leakage of not more than 1.5 g of escaped gas per hour is considered acceptable. A leakage of 1.5 g/h clearly manffests itself and can be check-measured by immersing a cylinder in water and using a special graduated glass as shown in Figure 9. 10.4 Handling and storage of cylinders 10.4.1 Handling of cylinders 10.4.1.1 Unless otherwise specifically required, filled cylinders shall be handled in the vertical position. Cylinders shall be placed so that the safety relief valve is always in direct .. communication with the vapour space. 10.4.1.2 Cylinders shall be handled with care, at all times avoiding damage to the cylinder and to the valve. Conversion scale: .• em /min G LP Gas/h 7.0 1.022 7.5 1.095 8.0 1.168 8.5 1241 9.0 1.314 9.5 1.387 10.0 1,460 10.5 1.533 11.0 1.606 Figure 9. Check for gas leakage in cylinder 10.4.1.3 Valve outlet plugs or caps shall not be removed without making sure that the cylinder valve is closed. 10.4.1.4 Valves on empty cylinders shall be closed and where a valve protecting cover is supplied it shall be in place. 10.4.1.5 No attempt shall be made to heat a cylinder. 10.4.1.6 Tests for suspected leaks shall be made using a gas detector, soapy water or water immersion BUT NEVER WITH A NAKED FLAME. 72 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All Mghts reserved MS 830:2013 10.4.2 Storage of cylinder 10.4.2.1 The layout of the cylinder store shall be such as to facilitate quick removal of cylinders in case of emergency and the safety distances in Figure 8 shall be observed. 10.4.2.2 Cylinders shall not be in proximity to corrosive or highly flammable substances. 10.4.2.3 When cylinders are stored outside, precautions shall be taken to: a) provide them with clean dry standing; b) prevent access by unauthorised persons; and c) prevent accidental damage by vehicles etc. 10.4.2.4 Cylinders shall be stored only in a place with adequate floor level ventilation. 10.4.2.5 Cylinders shall always be stored at or above ground level and away from basements, drains, hollows, etc. where vapour might collect. 10.4.2.6 Cylinders shall not be exposed to excessive heat 10.4.2.7 Fire extinguishers shall always be available and shall be kept convenient to and outside the store. 10.4.2.8 Cylinders in store shall have valves closed even though they may be empty. 10.4.2.9 Cylinders shall be stacked in storage in such a manner that all cylinders are at all times accessible for inspection and that any cylinder may be readily removed. Cylinders shall be placed so that the safety relief valve is always in direct communication with the vapour space. 10.4.2.10 Valve caps and/or plugs, where provided, shall be in position on filled cylinders when in storage or during transport. 10.5 Decanting 10.5.1 Restriction This requirement relates to decanting by which transfer of product from cylinder to cylinder is carried out, without the use of a pump, using only the product differential pressure. Decanting shall be permitted only for the following situations: a) for legitimate sampling purposes; b) for evacuation of product during emergencies; and c) for leaking or overfilled cylinders. Decanting for the purpose of resale or distribution is prohibited. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 73 MS 830:2013 10.5.2 General requirements i 10.5.2.1 Decanting shall be only from cylinder into cylinder. . 10.5.2.2 The cylinder to be filled shall be in good condition. I •I 10.5.2.3 Pipe work, hoses and fittings used for decanting purposes shall be of high- pressure quality (3.2.9). The. hose shall not be more than 10 mm nominal bore and not more than 3 m long. 10.5.2.4 There shall be. prominently displayed at the decanting point with adequate instructions for the decanting procedure which shall include a warning to stop filling as soon as the fixed liquid level gauge indicates that the maximum permitted liquid level has been reached. 10.5.2.5 The cylinder being decanted shall be ~pright and the cylinder being filled shall be arranged for filling so that the fixed liquid level gauge and the safety relief valve are exposed to the vapour space. 10.5.2.6 Persons experienced in the decanting operation shall be in attendance throughout such operation. 10.5.3 Security When decanting equipment in an area accessible to the public ceases to be under general supervision, as when closing for the night, the dispensing point shall be protected from tampering by one of the following: a) the whole of the decanting equipment including the cylinder shall be stored in a locked ventilated enclosure outside any building; or b) decanting apparatus shall be removed for secure indoor storage and the operating valve shall be rendered inaccessible to the public. 10.5.4 Location and safety distances The decanting point shall be located outdoors and the following safety distances from the decanting point shall be maintained: a) to an opening into a building: 2 m; b) to an ignition source: 10m; c) to buildings or to any flammable materials stored above ground on neighbouring property: 5 m; d) to streets and roads: 3 m; and e) dispensers for any type of fuel: 3m. 74 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved ,, MS 830:2013 10.6 Cleanliness 10.6.1 Readily ignitable material such as weeds, long grass, or any combustible material shall not be allowed to remain within 6 m of the cylinder filling or decanting or cylinder storage areas. 10.7 Signs and notices 10.7.1 The following messages in the fonm of signs (notices maybe included if so wished) shall be clearly displayed at the filling area or decanting point or storage area. a) No smoking; b) No naked lights; c) Nearby material is a fire risk; and d) No handphone. Signs shall be in accordance with Annex M and of suitable size. Warning notices shall be in letters of at least 50 mm high. ' ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reseJVed 75 MS 830:2013 SECTION 11: STORAGE OF CYLINDERS AWAITING USE OR RESALE 11.1 Application This section applies to the storage of cylinders not exceeding 125 L water capacity (55 kg 'I' LPG nominal mass) per cylinder filled, partially filled or emptied at: a) dealers or retailers' premises; b) Users' location; and c) dispensing station. 11.1.1 The requirements of this section do not apply to: a) cylinders connected for use (see Section 12); b) cylinders stored in LPG bulk plants (see Section 10); and c) new or unused cylinders. 11.2 General requirements 11.2.1 Cylinders in storage shall be located so as to minimise exposure to excessive temperature rise, physical damages or tampering by unauthorised persons. Cylinders shall be stored abcve normal flood levels. 11.2.2 Cylinders in storage having incfJVidual water capacity greater than 1.1 kg shall be positioned so that the pressure relief valve is in direct communication with the vapour space of the cylinder. 11.2.3 Cylinders when stored inside buildings shall not be located near exits, stairways or in areas normally used or intended for the safe exit of people. 11.2.4 Cylinder valves shall be protected in accordance with 2.8.1. 11.2.5 The outlet valves of cylinderS in storage shall be closed by suitable caps. 11.2.6 Empty cylinders which have been in LPG serviCe may be stored in the open. When stored in a compartment or store they shall be considered as full cylinders for the purpose of determining the maximum quantity of LPG permitted. 11.2.7 The walls, floors and ceilings of cylinder storage compartment shall be constructed from materials having at least a 2 h fire resistance rating (see 15.6.2). Ventilation opening shall be in accordance to 12.2.2. 7 d). 11.3 Storage within buildings 11.3.1 Cylinders shall not be stored in a building or part thereof or structures attached thereto when the building is used as a shopping complex, departmental store, theatre, cinema, educational institution, hotel, night-club, supermarket, clinic, club or place of worship except for storage allowed in 11.3.2. 76 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved I,, I MS 830:2013 11.3.2 Cylinders having a maximum individual water capacity of 1.2 L, (0.5 kg LPG nominal mass) are permitted to be stored or displayed in a building used as a shopping complex, departmental store or hotel lobby. The display of such cylinders shall be limited to a total of 24 units of each brand and size. The total quantity on display shall not exceed 90 kg of LPG. 11.3.3 Storage in commercial premises Cylinders shall only be stored in commercial premises. meeting the requirements of 11.3.4 and 11.3.5. The storage shall be on ground level directly accessible to the outside. 11.3.4 Commercial premises for the storage of cylinders shall be of the detached, semi- detached or terrace type of construction and shall not be more than 5 storeys and with no basement and shall not house any of the types of occupancy specified in 11.3.1 on any floor or part thereof. Such premises shall be separated from neighbouring premises by a solid wall of total thickness of not less than 200 mm. The quantity of LPG stored in such commercial premises shall not exceed 135 kg unless storage is within special compartments or rooms as provided in 11.3.5. 11.3.5 Storage within special compartmElnts or rooms Special compartments or rooms in commercial premises as specified in 11.3.4 for the storage of cylinders shall be constructed in accordance with the requirements of 11.3.5.1 to 11.3.5.7. The quantity of LPG stored in any one special compartment or room shall not exceed 4 500 kg. 11.3.5.1 The walls, floors and ceilings of a cylinder storage compartment that are within or adjacent to other parts of the building shall be constructed from materials having at least a 2 h fire resistance rating (see-15.6.2). 11.3.5.2 A portion of the exterior wall or roof having an area of not less than 10 % of that of the combined area of the enclosing walls and roof shall be of single strength glass or other similar explosion relieving construction. 11.3.5.3 At least one wall of the compartment or room shall be an exterior wall. There shall be at least one door opening directly to the outside or into a safe area of no fire risk opening directly to the outside. 11.3.5.4 Where openings from such storage rooms to other parts of the building are necessary and permitted such openings shall be protected by a 2 h non-combustible door and no domestic habitation, sleeping accommodation or cooking activity shall be permitted on the same floor. 11.3.5.5 Such storage rooms shall be provided with adequate defused illumination from lighting points on the outside of the room or building. 11.3.5.6 Such storage rooms shall be ventilated both top and bottom to the exterior wall only. The openings from such vents shall be at least 1.5 m away from any other openings into any building. Top and bottom vent openings shall each have a total area of not less than 3 % of the floor area. 11.3.5.7 The floors of such storage rooms shall not be below ground level. Any space below the floor shall be of solid fill or properly ventilated to the open air. © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 - All rights reserved 77 MS 830:2013 11.3.5.8 Buildings or parts of buildings used for LPG cylinder storage shall be used for no other purposes and be inaccessible to unauthorised persons. 11.3.5.9 LPG cylinders shall be kept in a vertical position with the valves uppermost. 11.3.5.1 0 LPG cylinders for domestic use shall not be stacked with more than 3 cylinders •' f high. Commercial LPG cylinders shall not be stacked. 11.4 Storage outside of buildings 11.4.1 Location of storage outside of buildings 11.4.1.1 Storage outside of buildings for cylinders awaiting use, resale, or part of a cylinder exchange point shall be located as follows: a) At least 1.5 m from any doorway or opening in a building frequented by the public where · occupants have at least two means of egress as defined by NFPA 101. b) At least 3 m from any doorway or opening in a building or sections of a building that has only one means of egress. 11.4.1.2 Distances from cylinders in storage outside of building shall be in accordance with the minimum safety distance in Table 9 with respect to the following: a) the nearest permanent building or group of buildings; b) the boundary of adjoining property which may be built upon; c) public roads; d) the boundary of adjoining property occupied by schools, places of worship, hospitals, playgrounds or other places of public gatherings; and e) automotive service station fuel dispenser. 11.4.1.3 Each lot of cylinders stored in the open, separated by a solid wall of 100 mm thick and 3 m high with 2 h of fire resistance rating can be considered separately for the purpose of safety distance clearances. Table 10. Location of storage outside of building Quantity of LPG stored Minimum safety distance (kg) (m) Up to 220 0 221 to 2 500 3 2 501 to 4 500 6 Over4 500 7.5 78 ©STANDARDS MAU\YSIA 2013- All rtghts reserved ,," I MS 830:2013 11.4.1.4 The distance in Table 10 may be reduced to 0 where a 2 h fire resistance protective structure made of non-combustible materials is provided that breaks the line of sight of the storage and the building. For building with exterior walls rated 2 h fire resistance and constructed of non-combustible materials not provided with eaves over the storage the exterior wall shall be allow in lien of a protective structure to reduce the distance to 0. 11.4.2 Cylinders shall be stored within a suitable enclosure or otherwise protected against tampering. 11.4.3 Cylinders stored outdoors shall be free from vegetation such as grass, weeds, etc. within 3m. · 11.4.4 Cylinders shall be stored at least 6.1 m away from any automotive service fuel dispenser and at least 2 m from the filling point or vent point of an underground container containing flammable or combustible liquids. 11.4.5 Protection against vehicle impact shall be provided in accordance with good engineering practice where vehicular traffic is expected at the location. 11.5 Signs and notices 11.5.1 All storage areas shall clearly display a warning notice with the words 'LPG STORE' printed in red letters on a white background. The letters of the wording shall be at least 75 mm high and 12 mm thick. 11.5.2 The following messages in the fomn of signs (notices may be included if so wished) shall be clearly displayed at all storage areas: a) No smoking; b) No naked lights; c) Nearby material is a fire risk; and d) No handphone. Signs shan. be in accordance with Annex M and of suitable size. Warning notices shall be in letters of at least 50 mm high. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 79 .i~<:<:.~. • -' • A' o V: <'\ • 0 -: • '. • 0 o 0 ,,-.,· O O • O .". - ",• ~ -."".:..:..~~ 0 0 MS 830:2013 SECTION 12: CYLINDERS IN USE 12.1 Application •, I This section applies to the location and installation of cylinders not exceeding 150 L individual water capacity connected for use in commercial, industrial, residential, educational and institutional premises but excludes cylinders connected direct by hose for use in domestic dwelling. 12.2 Cylinders in use, outdoor installations 12.2.1 Location of cylinders A cylinder installation outside a building shall comply with the following requirements: a) The water capacity of individual cylinder in a manifolded group of cylinders shall not exceed 150 L If more than one manifolded group of cylinders are installed at a consumer site each manifolded group shall be separated from the border by at least 7.5 m. A deflection wall of 2 h fire resistance rating and a minimum height of 2 m may be used to reduce this distance to 3 m provided the vapour path shall not be less than 7.5 m (see also Figure 10). NOTE. For deflection wall refers to 15.6.2. b) The maximum of four numbers of manifolds penmitted with zero distance to a building. c) The installations shall be fenced and locked to prevent unauthorised access and tampering. d) Any opening into the building which is below the level of the relief valve shall be at least 1 m horizontally from the nearest cylinder. Table 11. Cylinder location and safety distances (see also Figure 10) Aggregate water Minimum safety distance capacity of . (m_l cylinders in a From building From property From a fixed manifolded group A boundary B ignition source of cylinders (kl) Up to 2.5 None None Fixed ignmon source shall Over 2.5 to 10 7.5 7.5 not fall within Zone 0, 1 or2 area NOTE. Manifold is defined as a manifolded group of cylinders is a collection of cylinders, inclusive of standby, connected to a central pipinq that is connected to a requlator. e) Drains shall be avoided in the floor area or within 2 m in the immediate vicinity of the cylinder store. Where a gully or drain is unavoidable within this distance, the opening shall either be securely covered or the drain suitably sealed. ' I ' 80 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 f) One or more cylinders may be installed below a window, provided that there is a minimum distance of 150 mm between the top of any cylinder valve and the bottom of the window opening. g) A cylinder shall be located at a distance of at least 5 m from flammable or combustible liquid storage and other forms of combustible materials, refuse chamber and electrical substation. h) Any exterior source of ignition, openings into direct-vent (sealed combustion system) appliances or mechanical ventilation air intakes shall be at least 1.5 m in any direction away from the nearest cylinder or opening to the compartment whichever is nearer. 12.2.2 Installation 12.2.2.1 Cylinders shall be installed on firm level and non-combustible base and protected from direct contact with the soil. The area surrounding th·e cylinders shall be kept clear of combustible materials such as weeds, dry grass, paper, etc. 12.2.2.2 Cylinders shall be installed upright with the valves uppermost and properly secured to prevent the cylinders from failing over. In flood prone areas, deliberate measures shall be taken to prevent cylinders from falling over or being carried away., Building ' t~ A Regulator R A lH CXXXXl (J..X.Jl j I l I 7.5m r r--0 >-~>-< A manifolded group of Cylinders ""' H >->-< ~ >- B >-~ >-r>-< ~ '-- A manifolded group of B cylinders B Property boundary Not to stale Figure 10. Illustration showing two manifolded groups of cylinders ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 81 .' - Eif1d_-::.r;..,_ •• I_' - _ . - , -:. - . ~ . __ : . , :- · ~ :. '.. -~;:-~":¥, ;::;..,,,:a~. ;h,~.w,.,;<-:-.';_::,,," '"--~~--~-- ,-">"'"' MS 830:2013 12.2.2.3 Cylinders shall not be installed below ground leveL 12.2.2.4 Where the discharge of the safety relief valve is horizontal, then the cylinders shall be arranged such that the discharge from the safety relief valve will. not impinge on a cylinder or flexible connection. •'I 12.2.2.5 Only authorised persons shall make, repair, alter or open connections in any LPG cylinder installation, except for the connection or disconnection of cylinders. 12.2.2.6 The position of the cylinders in a manifold installation shall facilitate: a) changing and quick removal of any cylinder in case of necessity; b) access to connections and regulating devices; and c) operation of cylinder valves. NOTE. Manifold is defined as a mantfolded group of cylinders is a collection of cylinders, inclusive of standby, connected to a central piping that is connected to a regulator. It is noted that Figure 10 illustrates only a possible configuration for the manifolded groups of cylinders and does not limit other design possibilities. 12.2.2.7 A specially built compartment within the bu~ding boundary but meeting the following requirements shall ·be considered an outdoor installation and shall be required to meet the safety requirements and distances for outdoor installations. a) The compartment shall be separated from the rest of the building by the surrounding walls. The surrounding wall shall be of a material with strength and fire resistance equal to or higher than reinforced concrete of 150 mm thickness or concrete block of 200 mm thickness. b) The floor shall be of smooth concrete and at least 100 mm higher than the ground. Rough surface which may cause sparking during cylinder handling shall not be used. c) Electrical appliances installed in the compartment shall be at least suitable for Zone 2 application and preferably located above the cylinder. 2 d) Ventilation openings of at least 300 cm per 1 m2 of the floor area shall be provided and such opening shall be as closed to the. floor as.practicable, so as to prevent leaking ·gas .. from accumulating inside the compartment. e) A door of at least 1.5 m width shall be provided with access orientated towards the outside of the building. NOTE. Building is currently defines as having human occupant 12.2.2.8 Special case A specially built compartment, meeting the minimum safety distance of Table 12 and the following requirements, is allowed for the installation of cylinder connected for use. a) i) The surrounding walls shall be of a material with strength and fire resistance equal to or higher than reinforced concrete of 150 mm in thickness or concrete block of 200 mm in thickness; or 82 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 ii) The walls made of concrete blocks shall be at least 150 mm thick and 1.8 m high and reinforced by reinforcem·ent bars not less than 9 mm diameter, arranged at internals of less than 400 mm lengthwise and crosswise, with those reinforcing bar in corners being finmly boarded together. Block opening shall be filled with mortar. b) The doorway shall have fire check door of 2 h rating. A door of at least 1.5 m width shall be provided with access oriented towards the outside of the compartment. c) The roof shall be light material but rigid. d) The fioor shall be of smooth concrete and at least 100 mm higher than the ground. Rough surface which may cause sparking during cylinder handling shall not be used. e) Ventilation openings of at least 300 cm 2 per 1 m2 of the fioor area shall be provided and such opening shall be as closed to the floor as practicable, so as to prevent leaking gas from accumulating inside the compartment. Ventilation shall be not'more than 10 mm from finishing floor. f) Electrical appliances installed in the compartment shall be explosion proof and preferably located above the cylinder. g) Where two groups of cylinders are on opposite sides of the compartment, then the · separation distance shall not be less than 3 m. This distance shall be measured from the surface of the outenmost cylinders. This separation distance may be reduced to not less than 1 m ·by a deflection wall in the middle of the distance separating the two groups of cylinders. h) The surface of cylinder in the direction of the safety relief valve discharge shall be at least 500 mm from the wall surface. Table 12. Safety distance for special case Aggregate water capacity Minimum safety distance of cylinders in a (ml manifolded group of From Class I From Class II From a fixed cylinders buildings buildings ignition source (kl) Up to 2.5 0 0 Fixed ignition source shall not fall Over 2.5 to 10 3 0 within Zone 0, 1 or 2 area Over 10 to 135 13.5 10 NOTES: 1. Class 1 buildings are buildings with large congregation such as shopping complexes, departmental stores, theatres, cinemas, educational institutions, hotels, night-clubs, supermarkets, clinics, clubs or place of worships. 2. Class II buildings are residential dwellings. © ST ANDAROS MALAYSIA 2013- All iights reserved 83 MS 830:2013 12.3 Cylinders in use, indoor installations 12.3.1 General All LPG cylinders installation shall be located outdoor and on the ground level for all ' commercial and industrial buildings. Locating LPG cylinders indoor is nonnally not pennitted unless otherwise approved by the relevant authorities under certain circumstances and the '' capacity not exceeding 350 L. 12.3.2 Building construction Where LPG is to be used in the construction repair or improvement of buildings or structures or their fJX!ures and portability of equipment is required, cylinders may be used, provided that action is taken to close the valve and disconnect the hose when the LPG is not in use. 12.3.3 Demonstration or display Cylinders may be located indoors for demonstration or display purposes under the following conditions. a) Where an authorised person is in constant attendance, the aggregate water capacity shall not exceed 80 L b) Where there is no authorised person in constant attendance. the aggregate water capacity shall not exceed 40 L. Where the limitations imposed by a) or b) are insufficient, as for an industrial demonstration, an installation of greater water capacity shall not be used without specific approval. 12.3.4 Education Cylinders used in doors in an educational building shall not exceed an aggregate water capacity of 11 0 L. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All righ1s reserved 84 MS 830:2013 SECTION 13: AUTOMOTIVE LPG DISPENSING STATION 13.1 Application This section applies to storage containers, dispensing devices and pertinent equipment at installations where LPG is dispensed into vehicle fuel containers that are pennanently mounted in accordance with 2.7 of MS 775 (see note). NOTE. Those fuel containers which are removed from the vehicle for refilling as commonly used in forkltft trucks are analogous to changeover cylinders and are refilled at normal cylinder filling installations (Section 10). The filling of such removable containers at automotive LPG dispensing stations is specifically forbidden (13.7.1). 13.2 Storage containers 13.2.1 Design Storage containers shall be designed and constructed as required by Section 2.. 13.2.2 Location and installation Storage containers shall be located and installed as required by Section' 5 or Section 6 as appropriate. 13.2.3 Protection of storage containers Abovegr.ound containers shall be protected by crash rails or guards to prevent physical damage, unless they are effectively protected by virtue of their location. 13.3 Piping 13.3.1 Piping may be aboveground, underground or both and shall comply with the relevant requirements in Section 3 and 6.4.6. 13.4 Dispensing point 13.4.1 Dispenser 13.4.1.1 The dispenser whose function is to deliver liquid LPG into fuel containers permanently mounted on vehicles shall incorporate the following components. a) A vapour separator to separate the vapour from the liquid stream prior to metering. b) A meter to measure the volume of liquid delivered. No liquid LPG after passing through the meter shall be capable of returning to the storage container. c) A differential valve which will prevent the fonnation of vapour beyond the vapour separator and in the meter. d) A flexible dispenser hose with a filing nozzle to deliver LPG to the vehicle fuel container. ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 85 ;: -·---.~~- - ... ? 1~ - - . ". - - -. . -' ' - - - . - - ~ ,,. . -~""" :; ' MS 830:2013 e) A hose break coupling which will automatically disconnect the flexible dispenser hose from the dispenser in the event of a vehicle driving away while still connected to the flexible dispenser hose. f) A device at each end of the hose break coupling to minimise the escape of LPG in the event of the disconnection of the hose break coupling. g) Hydrostatic relief valves to prevent overpressure in any part of a system in which liquid LPG may be trapped between closed valves in normal operation. h) A pump switch for controlling electrically a remotely mounted pump. i) A special handle or switch {dead man's handle) which allows delivery of LPG only when the handle or switch is depressed. j) Emergency shut-off valves located at the end of the liquid and vapour return lines beneath the dispenser that will actuate automatically in the case of damage to the dispenser, e.g. by a moving vehicle. 13.4.1.2 The dispenser shall have a feature to prevent unauthorised use or tampering. 13.4.1.3 A twin hose dispenser (duo) may be installed. 13.4.2 Filler nozzle Filler nozzle shall be compatible with the filler valve specified in MS 775 and shall be equipped with means to: a) maintain a gas tight seal with the vehicle filler valve without continuous effort on the part of the operator to hold the nozzle; b) effect a positive shut off; and c) prevent the discharge of LPG except when the nozzle is properly connected to the vehicle filler valve. 13.4.3 Dispenser hose 13.4.3.1 The dispenser hose shall not be longer than 5 m and shall comply with the requirements of 3.2.9. 13.4.3.2 The dispenser hose shall be supported in such a way that direct tension on the dispenser is minimal and means provided to enable the hose to be kept off the ground when not in use. 13.4.4 Location 13.4.4.1 The dispenser shall be installed at minimum safety distances from other facilities in accordance with Figures 4 and 6 as appropriate. 13.4.4.2 The dispenser shall be mounted on a concrete foundation constructed in the following manner to protect the dispenser from vehicle damage: 86 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 a) Each foundation shall be of a height of at least 150 mm and above the surrounding ground. · b) Each foundation shall extend not less than 300 mm on all sides of the dispenser or in lieu of this, protective bollard poles in accordance with Annex N may be used. 13.4.4.3 No dispenser shall be installed inside any building. 13.5 Transfer of LPG from tanker to storage container 13.5.1 The procedures for the transfer of LPG from tanker to storage container shall comply with the requirements of Section 8. 13.6 Signs and notices 13.6.1 The following messages in the fonm of signs (notices may be included if so wished) shall be clearly displayed on, or adjacent to and readable from, each dispenser. a) No smoking; b) No naked lights; c) Nearby material is a fire risk; and d) No handphone. Signs shall be in accordance with Annex M and of suitable size. Warning notices shall be in letters of at least 50 mm high. 13.6.2 The following messages in the fonm of warning notices shall also be clearly displayed: a) Switch off engine and all electrical equipmen~ b) Apply handbrakes; and c) Restart engine only after dispensing hose is disconnected. 13.7 Procedure for dispensing of LPG into fuel containers of vehicles 13.7.1 Restricted dispensing Containers other than permanently mounted vehicle fuel containers shall not be filled from fuel dispensing units which are used for public dispensing at automotive LPG dispensing stations. 13.7.2 Attended service All persons operating the dispenser shall be adequately trained in refuelling procedures outlined in Annex P and shall be instructed in the use of LPG facilities as well as being well versed in the emergency procedures given in Annex Q. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 87 MS 830:2013 13.7.3 Self service stations 13.7.3.1 In all cases, a responsible person in charge must be present in the self service 1 station during operation. 13.7.3.2 Remote control emergency shut offvalves(s) must be installed in a system which 'I' is (are) operable from the office of the responsible person in charge. 13.7.3.3 Delivery of LPG may only be possible when the responsible person in charge permits the operation of the dispenser. 13.7.3.4 Simple operating instructions for filling must be displayed on or near the dispenser accompanied by explanatory illustrations. 13.7.3.5 It must be possible for the responsible person in charge to be in communication with the customer at the pump. 13.7.4 Emergency procedures A notice in accordance with Annex Q shall be prominently displayed adjacent to each remote shut off point for the liquid outlet valve of the container and readable from that point The notice shall have a white background; the heading 'LPG Emergency procedure' shall be in red letters of at least 40 mm high; sub-headings 'Gas leak' and 'Fire' shall be in red or dark lettering of at least 20 mm high, the text shall be in red or dark lettering of at least 7 mm high. 13.7.5 No vehicle shall be parked within .3 m of any dispenser other than for the purpose of refuelling. 88 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 SECTION 14: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTROSTATIC HAZARD PRECAUTIONS 14.1 Application This section covers requirements for the selection, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment for use in areas where LPG is stored or handled and that are therefore potentially hazardous. It does not apply to electrical equipment of LPG systems on vehicles. 14.2 Classification of hazardous areas 14.2.1 In order to determine the type of electrical equipment appropriate to a particular situation, it is necessary to classify the area according to the degree of probability of the presence of a dangerous atmosphere, .i.e. an atmosphere containing a significant quantity of fiammable gas or vapour in a concentration capable of ignition. 14.2.2 Hazardous areas are classified into the following zones as defined (see note): Zone 0: An area in which an explosive gas• atmosphere is present continuously or for long periods or frequently. · Zone 1: An area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is likely to occur in nonmal operation occasionally. Zone 2: Area in which an explosive gas atmosphere is not likely to occur in nonmal operation but, if it does occur, will persist for a short period only. NOTE. Indications of the frequency of the occurrence and duration may be taken from codes relating to specific industries or applications. NOTE. The definitions for the area classification are based on the general definitions given in MS IEC 60079-10 and have interpreted in the light of the particular conditions that apply in the petroleu~ industry. 14.2.3 By implication an area that is not classified Zone 0, 1 or 2 is deemed to be a non- hazardous or safe area with respect to this standard. In safe areas nonmal industrial types of electrical apparatus can be installed. 14.3 Extent of classified areas 14.3.1 The extent of classified areas shall be as shown in Figure 11. In the application of classified areas, a classified area shall not extend beyond an unpierced wall, roof or other solid vapour tight partition. 14.4 Electrical equipment 14.4.1 The selection, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment (including electrical apparatus, instrumentation and telecommunication equipment) for use in classified areas specified in Table 13 shall comply with the recommendations of the following standards or codes: a) MS IEC 60079-10-1, MS IEC 60079-10-10 and MS IEC 60079-10-14; or ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 89 MS 830:2013 b) any equivalent standards or codes acceptable to the relevant authority. 14.4.2 Electrical equipment is conveniently divided into various types which can then be related to use in the various zones defined in 14.2.2. The types of electrical equipment which may be used in the various zones are: 'I' a) Zone 0. Only intrinsically safe certified apparatus and circuits. b) Zone1: i) intrinsically safe certified apparatus and circuits; ii) flame-proof equipment; iii) increased safety equipment; and iv) pressurised and continuous dilu1ion equipment. · c) Zone 2: i) specially selected industrial, non-incendive or restricted breathing equipment; and ii) all types of equipment for use in Zone 0 or Zone 1. Electrical equipment shall be approved by the relevant authority as being intrinsically safe, flameproof, etc. 14.4.3 Wiring and cables which may be exposed to a flammable atmosphere must be suitably enclosed. Not all conduits systems are suitable, only those using solid-drawn or seam welded steel conduits screwed into flame-proof fittings as set out in MS IEC 60079-1 or equivalent standard are acceptable. Metal sheathed armoured cable in which a cable or group of cables is enclosed in a lead sheath which is itself protected by a helical wrapping of wire or metal tape can also be used in flammable atmospheres. Mineral insulated metal clad cables can also be used. Suitable sealing glands and compound filled boxes must be used with these forms of wiring; otherwise the terminations are not flameproof. Types of wiring and cables that may be used for installations in hazardous areas shall comply with the appropriate requirements of MS IEC 60079-10 and MS IEC 60079-14 of equivalent standard. 14.4.4 Earthing and bonding Earthing and bonding of all electrical equipment shall comply with the requirements of MS IEC 60079-10 and MS IEC 60079-14. 14.4.5 Electrostatic hazard precautions 14.4.5.1 An effective earthing point and/or bonding connection shall be provided at the storage site for discharging static electricity from bulk tank vehicles, prior to commencing the delivery operation. 90 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 14.4.5.2 Storage containers greater than 2.5 kl water capacity shall be electrically earthed as a protection against the accumulation of static electricity and should have electrical continuity with the earth required in 14.4.5.1 or preferably it should be a common earth. The 5 resistance to earth shall not exceed 1 x 10 n. 14.4.5.3 Pipelines and hoses conveying liquid LPG shall have electrical continuity and be effectively connected to earth. Attention is drawn to the need to earth the ball and actuating lever of ball valves where non-conducting seals and gland packings are employed. 14.4.6 Main electrical isolator All electrical equipment shall be linked to main isolators which shall be clearly marl<ed. Sphere having radius of 1.5 m: Zone 1 Horizontal equator of sphere Ground level -------- ' Cylindrical volume: ---~._-- ·' Zone 2 (includes bottom half of 4.5 m radius sphere) Figure 11. Extent of classified area (see Table 12) ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 91 (!) 1'0 :s:CIJ co 'Table 13. Electrical equipment classified areas (,) 0 location Extent of classlfled area Area Classification N Storage containers other than cylinders a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from the container connections or shell. Zone 1 I ..... 0 (,) b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 min all directions from the container connections or shell. Zone2 Relief valve discharge a) 'Nithln direct path of discharge. Fixed electriCal equipment shall not be installed b) Within 1.5 m In all directions from point of discharge. Zone 1 c) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 in all directions from point of discharge, Zone2 Gauge vent openings a) W1lhln 1.5 min all directions from point of discharge. Zone 1 b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m In all directions from point of discharge. Zone2 Tank. vehicle loading and unloading (see note a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from a point where connections am regularly made or Zone 1 1) disconnected for product transfer. b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m In all directions from a point where connections are Zone2 regulariy made or disconnected and within the cylindrical volume between the horl~ontal @ equator of lhs sphere and ground {see Figure 11). ~ Pumps, compressors, gas-air mixers vaporisers (other than direct fired): and a) Wthln 1.5 min all directions. Zone 1 ~ (/) i) Outdoors In open air, at or aboveground level b) Bsyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m in all directions from the equipment and within the cylindrical volume between the horizontal equator of the sphere and ground {see Figure 11). Zone2 ~ li) Indoors with adequate ventilation (see note Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a vapour-tight partition. Zone1 ~ (/) il lli) Indoors without ventilation a) En lire room and any adjacent room notseparated by a vapour-light partition. Zone 1 ;;; "' b) \/Vithin 4.5 m of the exterior side of any exterior wall or roof that Is not vapour tight or Zone 2 "'"' within 4,5 m of any exterior opening. Zone 1 ~ Automotive l.PG dispensing statron dispensing a) !;.ntire space within dispenser enclosure and 450 mm horizontally from enclosure exterior up to height of 1.5 m above dispenser base, Entire pit or open space beneath dls~enser. units ,5· ~ b) Up to 450 mm aboveground level within 6 m horizontally from any edge of enclosure. For Zone2 pils within this area, see the requirements for 'pits or trenches' below, m - --- - - - --- [ - - .. -~ @ (J) Table 13. Electrical equipment classified areas (continued) ),! z Locallon Extent of classified area Area classification ~ 0 Pits or trenches containing or located beneath LPG valves, pumps, (J) compressors, regulators and similar ~ equipment 0 Without mechanical venlilallon a) Entire pit or trench. Zone 1 ·r;l :;; b) Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a vapOur-tight partition. Zone2 ~ c) Within 4.5 mIn all direcllons from pit or trench when located outdoors. Zone 2 "'' ii) W'ith adequate mechanical ventilation a) Entire pit or trench Zone2 ;g ~ b) Entire room and any adjacent room not separated by a vapour-tight par1ition. Zone2 §f c) Within 4.5 m In all dlrecUons from pit or trench when located outdoors Zone2 i Special compartments or rooms for storaae or cvlinders Pipelines and connections containing operalional bleeds, drips, vent or drain Entire room a) Within 1.5 mIn all directions from point of discharge. b) Beyond 1.5 m from point of discharge: . Zone2 Zone 1 Same as for sites 1), ii) and Iii) of 'pumps, compressors, gas-airs mixers and vaporisers'. Container filling t) Indoors with adequate ventilation (see a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from a point where connections are regularly made or . Zone 1 note2) disconnected for product transfer. ~).Beyond 1.5 m and enUre room. Zone2 li) Outdoors In open air a) Within 1.5 m in all directions from a point where connections are regularly made or Zone 1 disconnected for product transfer. ' b) Beyond 1.5 m but within 4.5 m In all directions from a point where connections are Zone2 regularly made or disconnected and within the cylindrical volume between the horizontal equator of the sphere and ground (see Figure 11). s: en NOTES: 00 1. When classifying extent of hazardous area, consideration shall be given to possible variations in the spotting of tank vehicles at the unloading points and the effect these variations of actual spotting point may have on the point or connection. "' !=? 1\) 2. Where specified for the prevention of fire or explosion during normal operation, ventilation is considered adequate where provided In accordance with the requirements or .... 0 ID this standard. "' "' MS 830:2013 SECTION 15: FIRE PROTECTION 15.1 Application This section covers requirements for fire protection of LPG installations. ''' 15.2 General 15.2.1 This section has been written on the basis of the following propositions: a) The overall fire protection requirements of an installation should be considered as providing two clear and distinct functions. One is fire fighting i.e. to control and extinguish any fire that may occur. The other is heat protection i.e. to protect containers and ancillaries from being overheated by a fire. b) The subject of fire fighting falls into two further sub-divisions. One is the first-aid provision, quickly available to cope with the incidental small fire in the general vicinity of the storage or perhaps a burning gas leak. The other is the larger and more complex class of equipment capable of dealing with a comparatively serious fire. c) Heat protection requirements are oriented mainly towards various forms of water cooling which is the most familiar method. However some recognition is given to the less well-known methods i.e. insulating or burying and requirements will be developed as information accumulates. d) The scale of the fire-fighting equipment is related to an assessment of a number of factors which might or might not be cumulative. The requirements of this section should therefore be considered as being the basic requirements for average installation conditions. The relevant authority may require a higher level of protection or may permit less protection according to an analysis of a particular sire. Consideration would be based on the following factors amongst others: i) hazard conditions within the particular installation; ii) the relative density of occupation of the surroundings;· iii) hazard to or from other properties; iv) the water supply; v) the probable effectiveness of plant fire brigades; and vi) the response time and probable effectiveness of the public fire. 15.2.2 Use of existing facilities Where fire protection facilities would have been required on the site irrespective of the presence of LPG, the facilities needed to caier for the various independent needs may be integrated to avoid duplication, provided that specific approval has been obtained. 94 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 15.2.3 System compatibility Fire protection equipment such as hoses, connectors, booster connections, foam compound and the like should be compatible with that of the local fire brigade. 15.2.4 Location Fire protection equipment shall be located so as to be reasonably adjacent to the risk protected and accessible in an emergency. 15.2.5 Portable fire extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers (see notes) shall comply with MS 1539: Part 1 as appropriate. NOTES: 1. Foam extinguishers are not suitable for LPG fires because these products are gaseous at normal atmospheric temperatures. 2. Heavier types of fire extinguishers that are wheeled for portability are not covered by standards but should comply as far as possible with the appropriate standard from the above Jist 15.2.6 Hydrant systems A hydrant system shall comply with MS 1489 and the following requirements. a) Hydrants shall be located so that each container is within ~each under any conditions of fire and wind·and the cooling effect is optimised (see note). NOTE. Best results are achieved by locating two hydrants at diagonally opposite locations relative to the container. b) For each hydrant at least one hose and hose fitting, plus one combine jet/spray hose nozzle shall be provided. c) Hoses and fire hydrants shall be maintained in accordance with requirements of the relevant authority. 15.2.7 Water supply The water supply system for fire protection shall comply with the following requirements. a) Where a garden hose system is specified, it shall consist of at least a 19 mm nominal size hose of non-kink type and the hose length shall not exceed 30m. The hose system shall be located at a point not more than 18 m from the container. The hose shall be fitted with a 6 mm bore nozzle and penmanently connected to a water supply ready for immediate use. The water supply shall be capable of giving a throw of 6 m from the hose nozzle and a discharge rate of 25 Umin. b) Water for fire protection shall be provided by town mains wherever practicable. c) Where town mains exist but cannot supply adequate pressure or quantity a booster pump connection shall be provided. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 95 MS 830:2013 d) Alternatively, to the above, or where a town mains supply is unavailable static water supply and pump shall be provided on the premises. e) A static water supply shall be capable of providing at least 2 h of running time for the entire fire protection system (see notes). NOTES: 1. Return water channelled back to a reservoir from, a cOoling system may be taken into account in the calculation of the durability of a static water supply system. 2. An existing dam, river or lake or the sea, may be taken into consideration as static storage IT sufficiently convenrent However, the possible effect of short term or long tenn of water level variation should be kept in mind. ' I I 15.2.8 Supplementary protection equipme!lt Any supplementary protection equipment required shall consist of either a fixed water spray system or fixed water monitors, able to apply cooling water to.the containers at a rate not less than 10 Umin per square metre of total surface area· of the container to be cooled. The system shall be adequate to supply the three largest containers of a multiple container installation, unless heat or flame impingement from one container cannot affect the others. In addition the supplementary protection equipment shall comply with the following requirements. a) The supports of water spray system shall be effectively cooled by themselves being the water carriers, or by being covered by water spray cooling, or they shall be effectively insulated. b) A spray system which is automatically operated shall include provision for manual operation and the means of manual operation shall be accessible under all fire conditions. c) Automatic systems operated by vapour pressure are not recommended and shall not be installed with multi-container installations which have a common vapour line. d) An automatic system shall be designed to fail-safe with the water supply on. Control of water shall be possible from outside any danger area. e) A pumping and supplementary fire protection system shall be tested at intervals of not longer than 1 week and a record of tests shall be kept f) The installation shall be such that return water from a cooling system does not endanger foundations by scouring. 15.2.9 Use of insulation Insulation may be used to provide part of the supplementary heat protection where required for container and the insulating effect may be credited in order to reduce the cooling water required, provided that: a) the cooling water supplied to the containers is not less than 2 Umin per m 2 of total surface area of the container; b) the insulation, if of a type which is susceptible to deterioration by water logging, water erosion, or general weatherin!;J, is protected; and 96 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved r~ MS 830:2013 c) the insulation is of a type specifically designed for the purpose. NOTES: 1. Some refractory types will fracture if subject to rapid temperature rise, certain other granular insulation materials may be lost if a retaining jacket warps or bursts under the influence of heat. 2. The relevant authority may require regular checks of the container surtace to ensure that corrosion has not occurred under the insulation. 15.2.1 0 Control of LPG leaks and fires Annex Q illustrates procedures to control LPG leaks and fires. It is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the subject and should not be interpreted as precluding other procedures which would enhance safe LPG operations. 15.3 Container storages and installations 15.3.1 Aboveground container An installation of aboveground uninsulated LPG containers shall be equipped in accordance with Table 14. · 15.3.2 Underground mounded containers An installation of underground containers of 8 kl or less total water capacity shall be provided with a garden hose system. Where the storage capacity exceeds 8 kl garden hose system, one fire extinguisher of minimum 27A/144B or of minimum 9 L of water/foam shall be provided. 15.3.3 Tanker transfer area An area in which a tanker may stand while either loading or unloading LPG or from a container storage in excess of 125 kl, water capacity shall be provided with a hydrant system, or fixed sprinklers or monitors capable of covering the entire standing area. 15.3.4 Automotive LPG dispensing stations Each automotive LPG dispensing station shall be provided with two fire extinguishers of minimum 27A/144B or of minimum 9 L of water/foam, in addition to the fire protection required for the appropriate storage capacity elsewhere in this section. 15.4 Cylinder storages and installations 15.4.1 Storage capacity above 500 kg A storage of cylinders which may contain more than 500 kg of LPG shall be provided with not less than one garden system ready for immediate use, where the water supply is adequate. Alternatively, two fire extinguishers of 27A/1448 minimum rating or of minimum 9 L of water/foam shall be provided. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 97 MS 830:2013 15.4.2 Storage capacity above 5 000 kg A storage area which may contain more than 5 000 kg shall in addition to the requirements of 15.4.1 be provided with a system of fire hydrants in accordance with 15.2.6. 15.4.3 Installed cylinders ''I Fire protection shall be provided for installed cylinders and shall comply with either 15.4.1 or 15.4.2 according to capacity. 15.5 Gas leakage and detection 15.5.1 Gas leakage or suspected gas leakage shall be checked by the use of a gas detector, soapy water or by smell BUT NEVER WITH A NAKED FLAME. 15.5.2 Permission to resume work in affected or suspected gas-affected areas shall be subject to satisfactory gas detector readings. 15.5.3 Flammable gas detectors shall be used only by competent personnel, remembering always that LPG vapour is heavier than air. 15.6 Deflection wall A deflection wall is a wall to reduce impact of explosion and fire. It shall not be lower than 2m high and constructed from brickwork, masonry or concrete or reinforced concrete. 15.6.1 For 4 h fire resistance rating, the wall shall be constructed from brickwork, masonry or concrete 200. mm thick or reinforced concrete 150 mm thick. 15.6.2 For 2 h fire resistance rating, the wall shall be constructed from brickwork, masonry or concrete 100 mm thick or reinforced concrete 75 mm thick. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 98 MS 830:2013 Table 14. Fire Protection Total capacity Type of Class A location Class 8 location Class C location of installation LPG (kl) Over Up to 0 a Vapour One 19 mm hose or one fire No mandatory No mandatory extinguisher of minimum requirement. requirement. 27AI144B or of minimum 9 L of water/ foam. 0 a Liquid at If petrol also dispensed, one 19 If petrol also dispensed, One 19 mm hose automotive mm hose or one fire one 19 mm hose or one or one fire LPG extinguisher of minimum fire extinguisher of extinguisher of dispensing 27A/144B or of minimum 9 L of minimum 27A/1448 or of minimum stations water/ minimum 9 L of water/ 27A/1448 or of foam, in addition to the foam, in addition to the minimum 9 L of protection already. r~quired for protection already required water/foam. petrol dispensing. If LPG only, for petrol dispensing. If the hose plus the extinguisher. LPG only, the hose plus If more than two containers, a the extinguisher. If more hydrant system. than two containers, a hydrant system. 0 8 Uquid other One 19 mm hose or one fire One 19 mm hose or one One 19 mm hose applications extinguisher of , minimum fire extinguisher of or one fire 27A/1448 or of minimum 9 L of minimum 27A/144B or- of extinguisher of water! minimum 9 L of water/ minimum foam. If more than two foam. 27AI1448 or of containers a hydrant system. minimum 9 L of water/foam. 8 16 Any One 19 mm hose or one fire One 19 mm hose or one One 19 mm hose extinguisher of .. m1mmum fire extinQuisher of or one fire 27A/144B or of minimum 9 L of minimum 27A/1448 or of extinguisher of water/ minimum 9 L of water/ minimum foam. If more than two foam. 27A/1448 or of containers a hydrant system. minimum 9 L of water/foam. 16 125 Any One 19 mm hose plus one fire One 19 mm hose or one One 19 mm hose extinguisher of minimum fire extinguisher of or one fire 27A/144B or of minimum 9 L of minimum 27A/1448 or of extinguisher of water/ minimum 9 L of water/ minimum foam plus one hydrant system. foam. 27A/1448 or of minimum 9 L of water/foam. 125 500 Any As above, plus a One 19 mm hose and one supplementary protection fire extinguisher of system. minimum 27AI144B or of minimum 9 L of water/ foam and one hydrant system. 500 Any As above, plus static water Specific approval of the supply and a booster pump system. connection. NOTE. The location classes for the purposes of Table 14 mean: Class A location: Buildings (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), storage of flammable and combustible liquids (Class 1 and Class II) public road or railway exist within 20 m of any LPG component. Class B location: No buildings (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), storage of flammable and combustible liquids (Class I and Class 11), public road or railway within 20 m of any LPG component. c Class location: No buildings (other than buildings used specifically for storage and handling of LPG), storage of flammable and combustible liquids (Class I and Class II), public road or railway within 500 m of any LPG component. ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 99 MS 830:2013 SECTION 16: DESIGN AND USE OF MOBILE GAS-FIRED EQUIPMENT 16.1 General The design, construction, permitted wheel loadings, equipment and other requirements •'' common to all vehicles should conform to the relevant sections of the current Motor Vehicles Construction and Use (Vehicles Carrying Petroleum Products) Regulation and other legislations where applicable. Attention should be paid to adequate braking systems. 16.1.1 This section gives recommendations for the safe use of LPG on mobile equipment such as road planning machines, agricultural flame cultivators and similar applications where fuel is carried on the vehicle. 16.1.2 This section shall not cover: a) LPG storage vessels on vehicles where the LPG is providing the motive power for the vehicle. b) the units having nominal capacities exceeding 8 kl water capacity. 16.2 Position of LPG vessels on vehicles 16.2.1 For mobile equipment involving the use of open flames the storage vessel should be positioned at the maximum practicable distance from the burner and combustion zone. In no instance should this distance be less than 3 m measured in plan. For open flame applications the storage vessel should be protected from direct radiation from the flame or any heated structure either by position or by the provision of a suitable fire-resistant. Heat- protective shield, in order that under all operating conditions the temperature of the contents do not exceed the design reference temperature of the vessel detailed in EN 13096 and EN 13099. 16.2.2 Storage vessels should not be positioned inside the vehicle or the driver's cab nor should they be enclosed by any superstructure other than that specified in 16.2.1, which should not prevent adequate ventilation. 16.2.3 Vessels up to 130 L water capacity may be installed as following. a) External to the vehicle and positioned to avoid radiant heat. b) In a compartment used only for storage of the containers and fittings immediately associated with it having adequate ventilation to atmosphere and completely and permanently sealed from the remainder of the vehicle. c) The tank may be situated in a compartment isolated from the remainder of the vehicle having adequate ventilation to atmosphere. The safety relief valve with fixed maximum liquid level indicator if this incorporates a gas bleed and the filler connection must be extended by suitable tubing to the outside of the vehicle. 16.2.4 Readily ignitable material should not be placed in compartments used for the storage of the containers and the frttings immediately associated with them. 100 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reseiVed ~-----·· MS 830:2013 16.2.5 Vessels should be mounted correctly orientated with respect to their connection and fittings. Where integral mountings are not provided, identification should be given on the vessel showing the correct mounting position. 16.2.6 Where filling connections are inaccessible from ground level safe and adequate access ladders, platforms, grab rails, etc. should afford the driver ease of access to make the connections when carrying the filling hose. 16.2.7 Vessels should not be exposed to radiated heat from the vehicle exhaust system or from any ancillary engine. The use of heat insulation should be considered where necessary. 16.3 Protection 16.3.1 Vessels and their fittings should be protected by position or other means against physical impact. Where this requirement cannot be met by positioning alone substantial collision bars or other suitable protection should be provided. 16.3.2 Vessel fittings should be provided with a positive means of denying access, e.g. a ventilated hinged cover which is capable of being locked in the closed position or a blank flange or plug on the connections. 16.3.3 Vessels should be securely attached to the vehicle preferably by means of integral mounting brackets or by purpose build cradles metal straps or bonds. Mounting structure should be fabricated in steel and designed to permit secure attachment to the vehicle or trailer chassis. 16.3.4 The vehicle should be equipped with at least two 9 kg fire extinguishers of the dry powder type which should be readily accessible from outside the vehicle. Road planers and appliances using liquid LPG off take should be provided with minimum of two dry powder fire extinguishers of 9 kg capacity each, one mounted on either side of the vehicle and both accessible from outside the vehicle. 16.4 Pipe work valves and fittings 16.4.1 Basic design requirements and material specifications for pipe valves and fitting should be carried out in accordance with Section 3. 16.4.2 A!l liquid and vapour outlets of the vessel shall be equipped with the following features: a) fusible Jinks; and b) emergency shuts off valves. 16.4.3 Pipelines should be properly supported and securely attached to the structure of the vehicle and also have adequate flexibility to accommodate vibration or movement within the vehicle chassis. 16.5 Refuelling procedures 16.5.1 The following procedures refer to the transfer of LPG from road tank vehicles to the storage tanks on mobile gas-fired equipment and should be incorporated in the standard instructions issued to the user and the tanker driver. The whole transfer operation shall be the responsibility of an qualified personnel. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 101 . ' .. : MS 830:2013 16.5.2 Selection and preparation of transfer site. The user is responsible for selecting and preparing in advance of delivery,· a suitable site for the transfer operation which should, whenever practicable, be a large, well ventilated area having a radius of at least 25 m. Good practice will require consideration of the following factors before making a selection. a) Access should be denied to the public, where practicable, by conning off a zone within the area and by the erection of clear signs stating 'BAHAYA - GAS SEDANG DIISI - DILARANG MEROKOK' and to incorporate a hazard warning sign for flammable gas as shown in Annex H. This zone must be reasonably level and of such a size as to allow at least 7.5 m between its perimeter and any part of the equipment and road tanker involved in the transfer operation, except as pennitted by 16.5.2k). b) The zone must be free of drains, pits, manholes, ventilation openings and open road works and sources of ignition. c) Tunnels, tunnel approaches, bridges, cuttings and roundabouts are prohibited areas. d) Sections of highways passing through urban areas, or near interchanges should be avoided. e) Refuelling within 25 m of premises which are likely to be occupied at all times (such as hospitals, homes for the elderty or handicapped, prison blocks of flats, hotels), is prohibited. f) The transfer area should not be in the vicinity of any premises when the area is occupied by significant numbers of persons (such as schools, ·town centres, shopping centres, office blocks, factories, railway or bus stations). When not occupied however e.g. at night or at weekends, such sites may be considered. It is probable that their use, particularly in urban areas will only be possible by making local arrangements. g) The transfer area should not be near other potential hazards, e.g. oil or other flammable substances storage. h) The zone should be cleared of all rubbish and any readily ignitable material. i) Wherever possible, public roads, except highways, should be avoided and depots, approved parking areas or open spaces should be chosen. j) On open highways, i.e. sections of highways other than those referred to in 16.5.2d) one lane of clear separation should be coned off to separate other vehicles from the mobile gas-fired equipment and road tanker during refuelling. k) Where it is not possible to achieve the full 25 m separation distance during refuelling, but refuelling is not prohibited under 16.5.2b) to j), the presence of up to a time weighted average of 5 persons other than employees can be accepted within 25 m and outside the barriered 7.5 m zone. This would permit refuelling in sparsely populated areas or on lightly used roads with occasional passing traffic. The reference to a time weighted average of five persons means that in such circumstance refuelling will not have to be stopped solely, for example, owing to the passage through the area of two cars in quick succession or a bus. 102 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved !: MS 830:2013 NOTE. Although the user is responsible for selecting the refuelling site, both he and the tanker driver should have the authority to refuse to accept the site selected. 16.5.3 Action to be taken by the user before the transfer operation commences The following procedures and precautions together with the provisions of Annex J shall be effected before transfer of LPG. a) Any substantial accumulation of tar, dirt or fiammable waste should be removed from the LPG storage tank mounted on the machine. ' b) Unimpeded access must be provided for all control valves before filling commences. c) The main LPG isolating valve and valves on the storage tank of the equipment must be closed and the pilot burners extinguished. d) If, on arrival of the LPG tanker, the equipment is operating, then transfer of LPG is not penmitted until: i) the main LPG isolating valve and the valves on the equipment LPG fuel tank have been closed; ii) all burners and pilot lights have been extinguished; iii) the equipment has been moved at least 25m from its operating site; and iv) a period of 10 min has elapsed after the burners have been extinguished. e) Any fires on or in the vicinity of the vehicle or equipment e.g. tar fires around road· planers, or vegetation fires around fiame cultivators, must be extinguished before the transfer operation commences. To meet this requirement, the burners must be raised or made accessible for inspection. f) Before the transfer operation commences, the equipment engines must be switched off and electrical equipment isolated. g) The fire extinguisher(s) carried by the mobile gas-fired equipment should be demoupted and placed upwind adjacent to the perimeter of the coned area in a readily accessible ' position. h) The equipment operation operator must remain in attendance throughout the entire refuelling operation and must dismount from the vehicle. 16.5.4 Actions to be taken by the user during transfer operation The procedures and precautions shall follow the provisions of Annex J. 16.5.5 Actions to be taken by the user after transfer of liquid The procedures and precautions shall follow the provisions of Annex J. 16.5.6 Timing of delivery In the interests of safety the best time to deliver is when the equipment is cool and parked. ©STANDARDS MAU\YSIA 2013- All rights reserved 103 MS 830:2013 16.5.7 Road tanker driver's responsibilities The driver must ensure the following: a) The users' responsibilities have been implemented. I • b) At least two 'Safety Warning' notices have been positioned at strategic points on the ' perimeter of the transfer zone facing outwards. c) One fire extinguisher should be dismounted from the road tanker vehicle and placed on the ground upwind at the perimeter in a readily accessed position. d) The surroundings are checked visually before transfer begins to ensure that no unusual or dangerous situations exist, e.g. bonfires, stubble burning, etc, e) Any accumulated static electricity on a road tanker and the mobile gas-fired equipment should be discharged to earth. The tank on the road tanker should then be eleCtrically bonded to the equipment LPG tank before connecting transfer hose. f) He remains in attendance throughout the entire refuelling operation. g) When gauges indicate that the receiving tank has almost reached its maximum filled capacity the filling rate shall be reduced. h) The fixed level gauge shall be used to determine when the maximum permissible level has been reached and filling must cease at this point 16.6 Maintenance 16.6.1 When in use daily inspections should be made of all valves rigid and flexible. 16.6.2 Flexible hoses carrying liquid LPG or vapour above 470 kPa should be subjected to annual retest in accordance with 3.2.9.6. 16.6.3 Particular attention should be directed to the general cleanliness of the equipment, any accumulation of flammable waste or other material in the vicinity of the LPG vessel or ancillary equipment should be removed. 16.6.4 The operation of all gas-fired equipment should be checked at frequent intervals and immediate steps taken to rectify any operational faults. 16.6.5 Thorough regular maintenance should be carried out on the vehicle and ancillary equipment. 104 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 AnnexA (normative) Normative references A1 Malaysian Standards MS 775, Specification for LPG fuel systems in internal combustion engines MS 761, Code of practice for the storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids MS 863, _Non-alloy steel tubes suitable for welding and threading - Technical delivery conditions MS 930, Code of practice for the installation of fuel gas piping systems and appliances MS 1086 (series), Polyethylene (PE) piping ~ystems for gaseous fuels supply MS 1409, Specification for emergency triangular reflector for motor vehicles MS 1489, Fire extinguishing installations and equipment - Part 1: Hydrant systems, hose reels and foam inlets MS 1513: Part 5: Sub-Part 2, Packaging - Transport of dangerous goods: Part 5 Consignment procedures: Sub-Part 2: Marking, labelling and placarding MS 1539: Part 1, Cor 1, Specification for portable fire extinguishers - Part 1: Construction and testing methodology MS 1553, Code of practice on wind loading for building structurfi MS ISO 22991, Gas cylinders - Transportable refillable welded steel cylinders for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) -Design and construction MS IEC 60079-1, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres- Part 1-1: Flameproof enclosures "D"- Method of test for ascertainment of maximum experimental safe gap MS/IEC 60079-10, Electrical apparatus for explosive gas atmospheres - Part 10: Classification of hazardous areas MS/IEC 60079-14, Explosive atmospheres- Part 14: Electrical installations design, selection and erection ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights resetved 105 MS 830:2013 A2 International Standards ISO 4437, Buried polyethylene (PE) pipes for the supply of gaseous fuels - Metric series - Specifications : I ISO 23251 :2006/Cor 1:2007/Arnd 1:2008, Petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries - Pressure relieving and depressuring systems A3 ASTM International ASTM A4 7, Standard specification for ferritic malleable iron castings ASTM A 106, Standard specification for seamless carbon steel pipe for high temperature services ASTM A 182, Standard specification for forged or rolled a/loy-steel pipe flanges, forged ftttings, and valves and parts for high-temperature service ASTM A395, Standard specification for ferritic ductile iron pressure-retaining castings for use at elevated temperatures · ASTM A539, Standard specification for electric-resistance welded coiled steel tubing for gas and oil pipes ASTM 842, Standard specification for seamless copper pipe, standard sizes ASTM 888, Standard specification for seamless copper water tube ASTM 8280, Standard specification for seamless copper tube for air conditioning and refrigeration field service ASTM 02513, Standard specification for polyethylene (PE) gas pressure pipe, tubing and fittings ASTM 02683, Standard specification for socket-type polyethylene fittings for outside diameter-controlled polyethylene pipe and tubing ASTM 03261, Standard specification for butt heat fusion polyethylene (PE) plastic fittings for polyethylene (PE) plastic pipe and tubing A4 European Standard EN 1057, Copper and copper alloys- Seamless, round copper tubes for air conditioning and refrigeration. Tubes for piping systems EN 13096, Transportable gas cylinders - Conditions for filling gases into receptacles. Single component gases EN 13099, Transportable gas cylinders- Conditions for filling gas mixtures into receptacles ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 106 MS 830:2013 AS American National Standards Institute ANSI/UL 125, Standard for valves for anlydrous ammonia and LP-Gas (other than safety relief) A6 American Petroleum Society API RP 520, Sizing, selection and installation of pressrJre-relieving devices in refineries A7 British Standards BS 5252, Framework for colour co-ordination for building purposes AS National Fire Protection Association NFPA 101, Ufe safety code A9 Regulations Weight Restrictions (Federal Roads) (Amendment) Order 2003 Motor Vehicles (Construction and Used) Rules 1959 A1 0 U.S. Department of Transportation DOT (Department of Transportation) ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 107 MS 830:2013 Annex8 (normative) Properties of LPG 'I' 81 Approximate properties of LPG 81.1 ·source of property values 81.1.1 The property values for the LPG are based on average industry values and include values for LPG coming from natural gas liquid plants as well as those coming from petroleum refineries. Thus, any particular commercial propane or butane might have properties varying slightly from the values shown. Similarly, any propane-butane mixture might have properties varying from those obtained by computation from these average values (see 81.2 for computation method used). Since these are average values, the interrelationships between them (i.e. kg per litre. specific gravity, etc.) will not cross-check perfectly in all cases. 81.1.2 Such variations are not sufficient to prevent the use of these average values for most engineering and design purposes. They stem from minor variations in composition. The commercial grades are not pure propane or butane, or mixtures of the two but may also contain small and varying percentages of ethane, ethylene, propylene, iso-butane or butylene which can cause slight variations in property values. There are limits to the accuracy of even the most advanced testing methods used to determine the percentages of these minor components in any LPG. 81.2 Approximate properties of LPG The principal properties of commercial propane and commercial butane are shown in Table 14. Reasonably accurate property values for propane-butane mixtures may be obtained by computation, applying the percentages by mass of each in the mixture to the values for the property it is desired to obtain. Slightly more accurate results for vapour pressure are obtained by using the percentages by volume. Very accurate results can be obtained using data and methods explained in petroleum and chemical engineering data books. 82 LPG testing 82.1 Testing for ammonia contamination LPG which may be contaminated with anhydrous ammonia is tested as follows. a) Allow a moderate vapour stream of the product to be tested to escape from the container. A rotary, slip tube or fixed level gauge is a convenient vapour source. b) Wet a piece of red litmus paper by pouring distilled water over it while holding it with clean tweezers. c) Hold the wetted litmus paper in the vapour stream from the container for 30 s. 1 08 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All fights reserved MS 830:2013 d) The appearance of any blue colour on the litmus paper indicates that ammonia is present in the product (see note). NOTE. Since the red litmus paper will tum blue when exposed to any basic {alkaline) solution care in making the test and interpreting the results is required. Tap water, saliva perspiration of hands that have been in contact with water having a pH greater than 7 or with any alkaline solution will give erroneous results. Table 81. Approximate properties of LPG Property Commercial Commercial propane butane Vapour pressure in kPa (absolute pressure) at a) 20 ·c 1 000 220 b) 40 ·c 1 570 360 c) 45 ·c 1 760 385 d) ss ·c 2170 580 Specific gravity 0.504 0.582 Initial boiling point at 1.00 atm. pressure, CC) -42 -9 Weight per cubic meter o( liquid at 15.56 oc, (kg) 504 582 ' Specific heat of liquid, kilojoules per kilogram, 15.56 oc 1.464 1.276 Cubic meter of vapour per litre of liquids at 15.56 oc 0.271 0.235 Cubic meter of vapour per kilogram of liquid at 15.56 oc 0.539 0.410 Specific gravity of vapour (air= 1) at 15.56 oc 1.50 2.01 0 Ignition temperature in air, ( C) 493 to 549 482 to 538 0 Maximum flame temperature in air, ( C) 1 980 2 008 limits of flammability in air, % of vapour in air-gas mixture a) lower 2.15 1.55 b) upper 9.60 8.60 Latent heat of vaporisation at boiling point a) kilojoule per Idiogram 428 388 b) kilojoule per litre 216 226 Total heating values after vaporisation a) kilojoule per cubic meter 92 430 121 280 b) kilojoule per kilogram 49 920 49140 c) kilojoule per litre 25 430 28 100 NOTE. Values in this table are values which are generally acceptable in the LPG industry for commercial propane and butane. i. I ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 109 MS 830:2013 AnnexC (normative) Pressure testing of pipe work at LPG installations C1 Connections between container or cylinder and first-stage regulator C1.1 Testing of the connection between storage containers or cylinders and the first-stage regulator shall be made at 1 925 kPa (gauge) using soapy water solution to detect leaks at all joints. · There shall be no loss in pressure after a period of 1 h. C2 All other pipe work C2.1 All other pipe work not provided for in C1 shall be tested in accordance with C2.2 or C2.3. C2.2 Low pressure pipe work Pipe work operating at pressures not exceeding 3.5 kPa (gauge) shall be tested with air or nitrogen at a pressure of 140 kPa (gauge), using soapy water solution. There shall be no loss in pressure after a period of 30 min. C2.3 High pressure pipe work Pipe work operating at pressures exceeding 3.5 kPa (gauge) shall be tested with air or nitrogen at pressure of 350 kPa (gauge), using soapy water solution. There shall be no loss in pressure after a period of 1 h. • 110 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Annex D (normative) Rate of discharge for safety relief valves on containers 01 Minimum rate of discharge 01.1 The minimum required rate of discharge in cubic metres per minute of air at 120% of the maximum permitted start to discharge pressure for safety relief valves to be used on uninsulated containers may be determined as follows: 0 82 F= 10.64A " where, F is the required flow capacity of the valve in cubic metres per minute of air at 15 oc and 101.325 kPa (absolute); and A is the total outside surface area of container, expressed in square metres. 01.2 When the surface area is not stamped on the nameplate or when the marking is not legible the area can be calculated by using one of the following fo~ulas: a) cylindrical vessel with hemispherical heads; area= overall length x outside diameterx 3.141 6 b) cylindrical vessel with semi-ellipsoidal heads; and area= (overall length+ 0.3 outside diameter) x outside diameter x 3.141 6 c) spherical container. 2 area = (outside diameter) x 3.141 6 01.3 Typical rates of discharge for safety relief valves on containers with total outside surface areas up to 1 000 m2 , are given in Table 01. For intermediate values of surface area the rate of discharge may be interpolated. © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 · All rights reserved 111 MS 830:2013 Table D1. Rate of discharge for discharge for safety relief valves on containers Surface area Flow rate Surface area Flow rate Surface area Flow rate (m') 3 (m /min) (m') 3 (m /min) (m') {m 3/min) 5 40 20 124 100 465 6 46 21 129 150 648 7 52 22 134 200 820 8 59 23 139 250 985 9 64 24 144 300 1143 10 70 25 149 400 1 448 11 76 30 173 500 1 738 12 82 35 196 600 2 018 13 87 40 219 700 2 290 14 93 45 241 BOO 2 555 15 98 50 263 900 2 815 16 103 60 306 1 000 3 069 17 109 70 347 18 114 80 387 19 119 90 426 112 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Annex E (normative) Rate of discharge for safety relief valves for LPG vaporisers (other than atmospheric) E1 Minimum rate of discharge E1.1 The minimum required rate of discharge for safety relief valves shall be detenmined as follows. a) Obtain the total surface area by adding the surface area of vaporiser shelf in square metres directly in contact with LPG and the heat exchange surface area in square metres directly in contact with LPG. b) Obtain the minimum required rate of discharge in cubic metres of air per minute, at 15 'C and 101.325 kPa (absolute) from Annex D for this total surface area. ©STANDARDS MALAYSlA 2013- All rights reserved 113 MS 830:2013 AnnexF (normative) Deflection walls A J ; I Minimum 20 ~ X ~@2//+m/ff~ B Minimum 20 Y I t Office A + 8 ;, Minimum safety distance . X+ Y;, Minimum safety distance Figure F1. Location of deflection walls 114 © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 • All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Annex G (normative) Emergency procedure guide (for vehicles carrying dangerous goods) VEHICLES FIRE EMERGENCY PROCEDURES Do this • If this happens • Shut ?ff engine and any electrical equipment and leave 'off; No smoking or naked lights; Use fire extinguisher, if available; and Smother blaze; e.g. use sand or earth or large amounts of water. Engine Fire ' If unable to control fire, move people from the area: Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police; and Tell them location, material in load and quantity. Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave 'off; No smoking or naked lights; Throw out burning material; Use fire extinguisher, if available; and Cabin Fire Smother blaze, e.g. use sand or earth or large amounts of water. If unable to control fire, move people from the area: Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police; and Tell them location, material in load and quantity.· ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 115 lr I I MS 830:2013 If this happens L- ..... Do this Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave 'off; •·' No smoking or naked lights; ~ I Use fire extinguisher if available, or smother blaze by using sand, earth or large amounts of water, except where cargo requires special procedures; and Confine fire. If possible, throw off burning materials or remove Tray Fire other materials from area of fire. If this is not possible, keep goods cool by spraying with water, if available. If unable to control fire, move people from the area: Send messenger to notify, fire brigade and police.; and Tell them location, material in load and quantity. Stop vehide; Assess fire and its extent in relation to the load and its hazards; Flood tyre with water, if available; After flooding, quickly remove tyre from vehicle if possible; Place tyre 15m from vehicle; it may later burst into flames; and Tyre Fire If fire cannot be put out or tyre removed, start driving again carefully until burning rubber is thrown off. lf unable to control fire, move people from the area: Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police; and Tell them location, material in load and quantity. Stop vehicle; Assess fire and its extent in relation to the load and its hazards; Allow brake drum to cool or flood with water if available; and Brake Drum Over- Don't drive vehicle until brake has been dismantled, inspected, and if necessary, repaired. heating If fire develops and unable to control: Move people from the area; Send messenger to n.otify fire bridge and police; and Tell them location, material in load and quantity. 116 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 EMERGENCY CONTACT Organisation Location Telephone Ask for i ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 117 ! MS 830:2013 Annex H (normative) •' Emergency procedure guide ; f LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG) Colourless gas with a smell like town gas. Gas is transported under pressure as a liquid in tankers and cyfinders. Liquid vaporises rapidly on release and spreads steadil~ along the ground. Gas is heavier than air and will collect in low-lying areas. LABEL.2.1 HAZARDS Liquid and gas highly flammable; Gas forms explosive mixture with air; Liquid vaporises rapidly on release and spreads steadil Fire Exposure along the ground; Gas causes dizziness and drowsiness; and Vaporising liquid causes frostbite even through norma gloves. EMERGENCYPROCEDURES . ..... If this happens ..... Do this Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave 'otr until vapour hazard is removed; Spill or leak If available, use outside 'Emergency Stop' handles; and No smoking or naked lights within 70 m. 118 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 .. If this happens .. Do this Move people from the area. Move upwind; Avoid breathing vapour and contact with liquid or gas; Stop teaks if possible; If possibl,e, separate leaking container and stand so that o gas escapes; Spill or leak Spray water to disperse gas cloud but avoid playing water directly on leaking containers as this will increase leakage; Prevent spillage from spreading or entering undergrou drains by banking with sand or earth; Don1 start the vehicle engine or other engines and operate electrical equipment in the area; and tnfonn the fire brigade and police. Shut off engine and any electri~ai equipment and leave 'off until vapour hazard is removed; Move people from the area. Move upwind; ,il Send messenger to notify fire brigade and police. Tell them location, material and quantity; Fire Attempt to cut off source or gas rather than put out fire; Remove containers from vehicle if not in area of fire, or remove other materials to prevent spread of fire to containers; and If fire gels out of control, evacuate area and warn against entry. Shut off engine and any electrical equipment and leave 'otr until vapour hazard is removed; Move people from the area. Move upwind; Check for spills or leaks; TankerNehicle Send messenger to notify police and fire brigade. Tell them location, material and owner. Indicate condition of Accident vehicle and any damage observed; Don't start the vehicle engine or other engines and/or operate electrical equipment in the area; and If tanker is on fire, evacuate area and warn against entry. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 119 MS 830:2013 FIRST AID Remove patient to fresh air, lay down, and rest; If patient is not breathing, make sure airnay is clear and applies artificial respiration. Oxygen may be given, but •l' only under supervision of a trained person; Gassing Keep patient warm; and Call doctor at once or transport to doctor or hospital. Hold eyes open and wash continuously with water for at least 15 min: and Eyes Transport to doctor or hospital. ' ,· Immediately wash affected area with plenty of water to pr~vent frostbite; and Skin Transport to doctor or hospital. EMERGENCY CONTACT Organisation Location Telephone Ask for 120 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 AnnexJ (informative) Container filling procedures Filling procedure and precaution should be observed in the order stated in J1 through J3. J1 Before Transfer of Liquid The following procedures and precautions should be checked before transfer of LPG: J1.1 The receiving container should be checked to ensure that it is in safe working condition and that the grade of LPG to be transferred is compatible with its content and design working conditions. · J1.2 The receiving container should be checked to ensure that it has sufficient ullage to receive the quantity being transferred to it. J1.3 The interconnecting system, i.e. pipework, fitting, valves, hoses, etc. should be checked to ensure that it is in safe working conditions and that only valves, etc. required for the transfer operation, .or any other operation proceeding simultaneously,.are open. J1.4 The interconnecting systems should be checked to ensure that product cannot be charged into lines, equipment, or containers not designed to handle it and that unacceptable product contamination will not occur. · ' J1.5 If the pump is driven by tanker's main driving engine or an auxiliary engine, so that the engine must remain running during transfer, the isolating switch for the alternator or generator field coil should be closed. Otherwise any engine not required for pumping should be stopped and should remain stopped until the tanker is ready to be driven away. J1.6 The area should be checked to ensure that ignition sources, smoking, or naked flame does not exist within 7.5 m of the connections at either end of the transfer hose. J1.7 Wheel chocks should be placed in position unless the tanker incorporates spring brakes. J1.8 'No smoking', 'No naked lights' and No handphone' signs should be placed at either end of the tanker unless the tanker is so marked front and back. J1.9 Before the transfer hose is connected the anti-static (bonding) lead should be connected when the container being is 2.5 kl or larger. J1.1 0 Where fittings are provided with bleed valves to relieve any build-up pressure, such valves should first be operated and then the terminal caps of pipework and hoses should be removed. J1.11 All connections for transfer of the product should be made vapour tight. © STANDARDS MALA.YSIA 2013 - All rights reserved 121 ;,, ·:·, MS 830:2013 J2 During transfer of liquid The following procedures and precautions should be checked during transfer of LPG: .' J2.1 All necessary valves should be opened and the pump started. •I' J2.2 Filling should be stopped if any ignition source becomes active within the area specified in 8.2.4 (B) or if any fault or malfunction causes gas to escape. J2.3 The transfer personnel should remain in the immediate vicinity of the transfer operation during transfer and should ensure that the receiving container is not overfilled. J2.4 The filling ratio for the container should not be exceeded. J2.5 Where filling without vapour return or transferring with vapour compression is being undertaken, care should be taken to ensure that the safety relief valve does not blow off. J3 After transfer of liquid The following procedures and precautions should be checked after transfer of LPG: J3.1 The pump or compressor should be stopped. J3.2 All necessary valves should be closed. J3.3 If dry hoses are used, pump and engine should be stopped prior to vent the hoses, and venting should be completed prior to uncoupling the hoses. NOTE. Where a compressor is available, the liquid in the liquid line should preferably be blown into the receiving container before venting takes place. J3.4 Hose couplings shall be disconnected and the terminal caps of pipework and hose should be replaced immediately. J3.5 · Hoses should be stowed away. Long hoses which .are to be wounded up under power should first be cleared of all obstructions which could impede the hose movement or cause damage. J3.6 Electrical connections. and anti-static leads should be disconnected and stowed away. J3.7 The isolation switch in the field circuit of the generator or alternator should be closed. J3.8 Wheel checks and warning notices should then be removed and stowed away. J3.9 The transfer personnel should inspect the area by walking around the vehicle to ensure that all of the above precautions have been complied with. 122 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Annex K (normative) Method of calculating maximum permitted liquid volume which can be placed in a container at any liquid temperature K1 Maximum permitted liquid volume of a container at any liquid temperature K1.1 The maximum quantity of LPG which may be placed in a container is dependent upon the temperature of the liquid and the maximum permitted filling ratio. Filling ratio values are given in Table K2. K1.2 The liquid temperature should be obtained by inserting a thermometer in a thermometer-well in the container into which the liquid LPG has been tranSferred and reading the temperature after the completion of the transfer (see note). If the container is not equipped with a well but is essentially empty of liquid prior to loading, the temperature of the liquid in the container· from which liquid is being withdrawn may be used. Otherwise other temperature-sensing device should be installed in the loading line at a point close to the container being loaded and temperatures read off at intervals during transfer and averaging. NOTE. A suitable liquid shall be used in thermometer wells to obtain an efficient heat transfer from the LPG liquid in the container to the thermometer bulb. The liquid used shall be non-corroSive and shall not freeze at the temperatures to which it will be subjected. Water shall not be used. K1.3 Knowing the liquid temperature T and the filling ratio R, the maximum permitted volume VT of liquid LPG which may be placed in a container can be determined as follows: R Vr=- pF where, VT is the maximum permitted liquid volume (expressed in per cent of total container capacity) which shall be placed in a container when the liquid temperature is T; R is the filling ratio from Table K2, expressed in%; p is the density of LPG at 15 "C placed in container, expressed in kg/L; and F is the correction factor from Table K1 for correcting liquid volume from 15 "C to volume at temperature T (see note); which is the temperature of liquid LPG in container ("C). NOTE. The correction factor is obtained by finding the density at 15 oc, pin the column at the top of the table and coming down this column till the actual liquid temperature T is found. The correction factor corresponding to this density and temperature is then read. Interpolation may be used if necessary. @STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 123 ;.1' MS 830:2013 K1.4 After obtaining Vr from the above formula the actual maximum litres of LPG which may be placed in a container is obtained by multiplying the water capacity of the container by 1 Vr 100 il NOTE. Maximum filling level is for LPG with densities ranging from 0.500 kg/L, to 0.590 kg/L In relation to liquid temperature and total container volumes are tabulated in Tables K2, K3 and K4. The values in the tables are heavily rounded up so a higher degree of accuracy is gained by calculating. Interpolation for other values of density and temperature may be used if necessary. Table K1. Liquid volume correction factors Observed Density at 15 •c temperature (kg/L) ("C) 0.050 0.510 0.520. 0.540 0.560 0.580 0.590 Commercial Commercial propane butane Volume correction factors -40 1.145 1.139 1.133 1.121 1.111 1.101 1.096 -30 1.120 1.116 1.110 1.101 1.091 1.082 1.080 -20 1.095 1.091 1.087 1.080 1.072 1.066 1.063 -10 1.070 1.067 1.064 1.058 1.053 1.048 1.045 0 1.044 1.042 1.039 1.035 1.032 1.029 1.027 5 1.030 1.028 1.025 1.024 1.022 1.019 1.018 10 1.015 1.014 1.013 1.012 1.011 1.010 1.009 15 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 20 0.985 0.985 0.986 0.988 0.990 0.990 0.990 25 0.967 0.970 0.972 0.975 0.978 0.980 0.981 30 0.951 0.954 0.957 0.962 0.966 0.970 0.972 35 0.935 0.938 0.942 0.949 0.955 0.960 0.962 40 0.917 0.922 0.927 0.935 0.943 0.949 0.951 45 0.899 0.905 0.910 0.921 0.933 0.938 0.941 50 0.880 0.887 0.894 0.907 0.916 0.937 0.930 55. 0.861 0.868 0.876 0.891 0.906 0.916 0.920 60 0.840 0.850 0.860 0.880 0.889 0.904 0.908 EXAMPLE Assume a container of 10 kl water capacity in which LPG with a density of 0.510 kg/L at 15 oc is to be placed at a liquid temperature of 23 oc. Calculate the maximum number of kilolitres of LPG which can be placed in the container. From Table 8, the maximum filling ratio for a container of capacity in excess of 5 kl in which a product having a density of 0.510 kg/L at 15 octo be placed is 45 %. Correction factor F, by interpolation from Table K1, for densfty at 15 oc of 0.51 0 kg/Land liquid temperature of 23 oc is 0.976. 124 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Maximum quantity of lPG that may be placed in the container Vr - - x water capacity of container 100 R = - x water capacity of container/1 00 pF 45 10 = x- 0.51x 0.976 100 = 9.041<1 Table 1<2. Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers (up to 5 kl water capacity) Liquid Density at 15 "C tern perature (kg/L) ("C) 0.050 0.510 0.520 0.540 0.560 0.580 0.590 Commercial Commercial propane butane Maximum filling percentage -20 74 75 77 78 79 82 82 -10 76 77 79 80 81 83 84 0 78 79 81 82 83' 85 85 5 79 80 82 83 83 86 86 10 80 81 83 84 84 87 87 15 82 82 84 85 85 87 88 20 83 84 85 86 86 88 89 25 84 85 87 87 87 89 89 30 86 86 88 88 88 90 90 35 87 88 89 89 89 91 91 40 89 89 91 91 91 92 92 45 91 91 92 92 92 93 93 50 93 93 93 93 93 94 94 55 95 95 95 95 95 96 96 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 125 MS 830:2013 Table K3. Maximum filling percentage for aboveground containers (over 5 kl water capacity) Liquid Density at 15 •c temperature Ckqil..l 0.500 0.510 0.520 0.540 0.560 0.580 0.590 ' '' ("C) Commercial Commercial propane butane Maximum filling percentage -20 80 80 83 84 84 87 87 -10 82 82 84 85 86 88 89 0 84 84 86 87 88 90 90 5 85 85 88 88 89 91 91 10 86 87 89 89 90 92 92 15 88 88 90 90 91 93 93 20 89 89 91 91 91 94 94 25 S1 90 92 93 93 95 95 30 92 92 94 94 94 95 95 35 94 94 95 95 95 96 96 40 95 95 97 97 97 98 98 45 97 97 99 98 98 99 99 50 99 99 99 99 99 126 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rtghts reserved MS 830:2013 Table K4. Maximum filling percentage for underground/mounded containers (all capacities) Liquid Density at 15 •c temperature (kg/L) 0.500 0.510 0.520 0.540 0.560 0.580 0.590 (•C) Commercial Commercial propane butane Maximum fiOing percentage -20 82 82 84 85 86 88 89 -10 84 84 . 86 87 88 90 90 0 86 86 88 89 89 92 92 5 87 87 90 90 90 93 93 10 88 88 91 91 91 93 94 15 90 90 93 92 92 94 94 ' 95 95 20 91 . 91 93 93 93 25 92 92 94 94 94 96 96 30 94 94 96 96 96 97 97 35 96 96 97 97 <;)7 98 98 40 98 98 99 99 99 99 99 45 99 99 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 127 I I MS 830:2013 Annex L (normative) Procedures for visual inspection and requalification of cylinders •' ' L1 Application L1.1 This annex gives a method of visual inspection and requalification of LPG cylinders designed and constructed in accordance with MS ISO 22991 or DOT. L2 Formal periodic requalification of cylinder L2.1 Cylinders when used in LPG service must be retested or requalified 12 years after date of manufacture and every 7 years thereafter if the modified hydrostatic retest method is used or every 5 years thereafter if given a complete external visual inspection. The modified hydrostatic retest is done at twice the working pressure. L2.2 ·Cylinders must not be filled after the retest becomes due until the cylinder has satisfactorily passed a visual requalification and/or a modified hydrostatic retest and been so stamped. L3 General L3.1 Preparation for inspection L3.1.1 Rust, scale, caked pain~ etc. should be removed from that part of the exterior surface where corrosion is evident so that the surface can be adequately observed. L3.1.2 Means shall be provided for inverting the cylinder to facilitate inspection of the bottom. This is important because experience has shown this area to be the most susceptible to corrosion. L3.1.3 Cylinders shall be checked for corrosion, general distortion, leaks, fire damage or any other defects that might indicate a weakness which would render it unfit for service. L3.2 Inspection equipment L3.2.1 Exterior corrosion, denting, bulging, gouges or digs are normally measured by simple direct measurement with scales or depth gauges. A rigid straight edge of sufficient length may be placed over the defect and a scale used to measure the distance from the bottom of the straight edge to the bottom of the defect. L3.2.2 There are also available commercial depth gauges which are especially suitable for measuring the depth of small cuts or pits. It is important when measuring such defects to use a scale which spans the entire affected area. 128 ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 L4 Visual inspection L4.1 Dents L4.1.1 Dents in cylinders are deformation caused by the cylinders coming in contact with a blunt object in such a way that the thickness of metal is not materially impaired. L4.1.2 Dents are of concern where the metal deformation is sharp and confined, or where they are near a weld. Where metal deformation is not sharp, dents of larger magnitude can be tolerated. L4.1.3 Rejection rules a) Where denting occurs so that any part of the deformation includes a weld, the maximum allowable dent depth shall be 6.5 mm. b) When denting occurs so that no part of the deformation includes a weld the cylinder shall be rejected if the depth of the dent is greater than 1/10 of the average diameter of the dent. L4.2 Cuts, gouges and digs L4.2.1 Cuts, gouges or digs in cylinders are deformations caused by contact with a sharp object in such a way as to cut into or upset the metal of the cylinder, decreasing the wall thickness at that point. In addition, they raise the stress of the steel. ' L4.2.2 When measuring cuts gouges or digs, the upset metal should be removed or compensated for so that only actual depth of metal removed from the cylinder wall is measured. L4.2.3 Rejection rules a) When the defect is less than 75 mm in length, reject the cylinder where the defect exceeds that shown in Table L1, Column 1. b) When. the defect is 75 mm or more in length, reject the cylinder where the defect exceeds that shown in Table L1, Column 2. L4.3 Bulges L4.3.1 Cylinders are manufactured with a reasonably symmetrical shape. Cylinders which have definite visual bulges shall be removed from service. L4.4 Corrosion L4.4.1 Corrosion or pitting in cylinders involves the loss of wall thickness by corrosive media. There are several kinds of pitting or corrosion to be considered. L4.4.2 Isolated pitting of a small cross-section does not effectively weaken the cylinder wall but may lead to complete penetration and leakage. If the pitting is isolated, the original wall is essentially intact ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 129. MS 830:2013 L4.4.3 Rejection rules a) A cylinder shall be rejected when the isolated pits have penetrated to a depth in excess 1 of that shown in Table L1, Column 3. 1 b) Figure L 1 gives a suggested method of measuring isolated pitting. • ' L4.4.4 Line corrosion is when pits are not isolated but are connected or nearly connected to others in a narrow band or line. This condition is more serious than isolated pitting. Line corrosion frequently occurs in the area of intersection of the footing and bottom of a cylinder. This is sometimes referred to as 'crevice corrosion'. L4.4.5 Rejection rules a) For line corrosion 75 mm or longer in length the depth of the deepest pit shall not exceed the limits shown in Table L 1, Column 2. b) When the cylinder surface has line corrosion less than 75 mm long the maximum measured pit depth shall not exceed the limits shown in Table L 1, Column 1. c) Depth measurement of line corrosion can be done in accordance with Figure L1. L4.4.6 General corrosion· is that which covers considerable surface area of the cylinder. It reduces the structural strength. It is often difficult to measure or estimate the depth of general corrosion because direct comparison with the original wall cannot always be made. General corrosion is often accompanied by pitting and does not always follow a definite pattern. Where there is appreciable pitting in areas of general corrosion, the pitted depth may usually be considered to be about twice the general corrosion thickness loss. L4.4. 7 Rejection rules a) A cylinder shall be rejected when the cylinder is generally corroded and the deepest pit measurement exceeds that shown in Table L1, Column 4. b) Figure L2 gives a suggested method of measuring general corrosion. c) If a cylinder passes a visual inspection and it is subsequently determined that the tare mass is less than 95 % of the original tare mass· the cylinder shall be rejected. To determine existing tare rnass the cylinder shall be completely emptied and all coatings removed to the bare metal. (A tare mass in excess of 95 % of the original tare mass is no indication that the cylinder is requalifiable, hence the necessity for visual inspection). L4.5 Leaks L4.5.1 Leaks may originate from a number of sources, such as defects in a welded or brazed seam, defects at the threaded opening or from sharp dents, digs, gouges or pits. L4.5.2 To check for leaks, the cylinder must be charged and carefully examined. All seams and pressure openings shall be coated with soap or other suitable solution to detect for escape of gas. 130 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 L4.5.3 Rejection rules Any leakage, other than leakage at thread connection which can be corrected by tightening is cause for rejection. Where repair is undertaken it shall be resumed to the cylinder manufacturer. L4.6 Fire damage L4.6.1 Cylinders shall be carefully inspected for evidence of exposure to fire. L4.6.2 Common evidences of exposure to fire are: a) charring or burning of the paint or other protective coat; b) burning or discoloration of the metal; c) distortion of the cylinder; and d) burning or melting of valve. L4.6.3 Rejection rules Cylinders which have been subjected to fire must be requalified, reconditioned or repaired by the manufacturer of the cylinder or by the repair facility authorised by the Department of OccupaUonal Safety and Health (DOSH). If the protective coating on the cylinder is only discoloured from smoke or debris and it is found by examination that the coating is intac~ the cylinder need not be considered to have been affected by the fire exposure and thus is not subjected to the heat treatment and retest requirements. Valves and safety devices on such cylinders, however, should be examined to determine that they are functioning properly and should be replaced if necessary. L4. 7 Neck defects L4.7.1 Cylinder necks shall be examined for cracks and flaws. Neck cracks are normally detected by testing the neck during charging operations with soapy water solution. L4.7.2 Cylinder neck threads shall be examined whenever the valve is removed from the cylinder. During manufacturing,. cylinders have a specified number of full threads of proper form as required by applicable thread standards. L4.7.3 Rejection rules Cylinders shall be rejected if the required number of threads is materially reduced or if a gas tight seal cannot be obtained by reasonable valving methods. Common thread defects are worn or corroded crests, broken threads, nicked or cut threads. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 131 MS 830:2013 Pit gauge •'' .-~~~b=~~~~~~~~~===( r-i___L_--------~·'2·----~~T-------------~ '--Original '\_ Remaining Maximum loss of wall due wall thickness wall thickness to pitting and corrosion For isolated pits or line corrosion, measure the corrosion depth of these areas by bridging across, resting the straight edge on uncorroded surface with a pit gauge or other suitable device as shown. A number of points should be measured to determine the deepest penetration. Any corrosion that cannot be measured with a pit gauge because of rts proximity to the footring should be gauged with a scriber. The short right-angle point is ground to a length of 125 mm. The other is ground to a length 25 mm. These points are to be used to approximate depths of pits and corrosion by eye as shown. Figure L 1. Suggested method of measuring isolated pitting 132 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Pit gauge 011glnal s~~:~J: ---- "i "'-Pitted and COITOded extemal surface as seen !:Jy visual insper;;tion Remaining -· wall thickness ' For -general corroded areas measure the corrosion depth as shown in Figure L 1. In taking this measurement there will be no original uncorrected surface as a reference. However, past experience has shown that the pitting rate is twice the general corrosion rate, i.e. the maximum depth of penetration based on original surface is 1~ times the deepest pit. Use the actual depth of pit measured, since Column 4 of Table L 1 automatically incorporates the extra 50 %general corrosion loss. ' d is the measured pit depth; Y:zd is the general corrosion thickness (no longer visible); 1'Y:zd is the total loss '?f metal thickness; and Remaining wall thickness is the original wall thickness minus 1%d. Figure L2. Suggested method of measuring general corrosion @STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved 133 MS 830:2013 Table L 1. LPG cylinder damage limits DOT Water Inside Overall Min. original Column 1 Column 2 Column3 Column 4 code ~. diameter length thickness (kg) (mm} (mm) Une corrosion Une corrosion Isolated plls Pits In cuts, gouges or cuts, gouges gener.~l digs more than 75 mm In length or general or digs more than75 mm In length corrosion m• •'I comslon Shell Head Shell Head Shell Head Shell Head Shell Head (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) (mm) <B-240 21.6 300 370 260 2.60 1.30 1.30 0.65 0.65 1.75 1.75 0.67 0.87 <BA-240 21.6 300 370 1.95 UlS 0.97 0.97 0.47 0.47 1.30 1.30 0.65 0.65 <B-2•m 65 300 962 260 2.60 1.30 1.30 0.65 0.65 1.75 1.75 0.87 0.87 <BA-240 65 300 962 1.95 1.95 0.97 0.97 0.47 0.47 1.30 1.30 0.65 0.65 26-150 100 400 875 4.37 7.82 217 3.90 1.07 1.95 2.90 5.20 1.45 2.60 or-300 sao <::8-240 123 400 B37 3.87 4.67 • 1.92 232 0.95 1.15 2.57 3.12 1.27 1.55 <6-240 108.6 362 . 1118 3.12 3.42 1.57 1.57 0.77 0.77 2.07 207 1.05 1.05 <BA-20 108.6 ,62 n1s 217 217 1.10 1.10 0,55 0.55 1.48 1.45 0.72 0.72 <8-240 16, 4SO 1000 4.00 4.00 2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 267 267 1.32 1.32 26-150 462 1 018 or-300 139.5 425 1 012 5.00 5.00 250 2.50 125 1.25 '-32 3.32 1.65 1.65 <B-240 271 550 1 212 4.77 4.77 237 2.37 1.17 1.17 3.17 3.17 1.57 1.57 <8-240 325 600 1200 5.20 5.22 2.60 260 1.30 1.30 3.47 3.47 1.72 1.72 <BA-240 325 600 1562 3.55 3.55 1.77 1.77 0.87 0.87 2.35 235 U7 1.17 <B-240 454.5 725 1 215 627 6.75 3.15 3.37 1.57 1.67 420 4.50 207 225 <BA-240 454.5 725 1387 4.30 4.30 215 215 1.07 1.07 285 285 1.42 1.42 NOTES: 1. FOr any cylinders not listed above select one with the same diameter and DOT Code from this table and use those limits. 2. For these cases where the original thickness is known to exceed the specification minimum the values in Columns 1 through 4 may be increased by an amount equal to the excess thickness. L4.8 General distortion L4.8.1 Noticeable distortion may be evaluated by reference to the clauses under denting or bulging. If the valve is noticeably tilted the cylinder shall be rejected. L4.9 Appurtenances L4.9.1 Footrings and headrings of cylinders should be examined to determine that they are in serviceable condition. Distortion of the footring through service abuse may prevent it from supporting the cylinder properly in an upright and stable position. Likewise distortion of the head ring could prevent it from protecting the cylinder valve. In addition to distortion footrings and headrings shall be examined for looseness and failure of welds. L4.9.2 Appearance may often warrant rejection of cylinder. L4.9.3 Repairs to footrings and headrings must be made only by a cylinder manufacturer of the same type of cylinder or a cylinder repair facility authorised by DOSH. 134 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 ·All rights reserved MS 830:2013 LS Inspection report form L5.1 The visual inspection report form (see Figure L3) shall contain the following information: a) date of inspection (including month and year); b) specification number; c) cylinder identification: i) registered symbol and serial number, ii) date of manufacture; and iii) ownership symbol (if needed for identification). d) type of cylinder coating whether painted, galvanised, etc.: i) statement as to need of refinishing or recording. e) conditions checked (i.e. leakage. corrosion. gouges dents or digs broken or damaged footrings, protective ring or fire damage); and f) disposition of cylinder: i) returned to service; ii) scrapped; and iii) return cylinder to manufacturer or repair facility for repair. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 135 ·:~~:~ ·" . <;_~-,:·~~ •5;""'-·-' -:-.:f_- - ~ s: en 8i 0) FIVE YEAR VISUAL INSPECTION "' 0 REPORT "'..... 0 Co'-------------------- Date ------------------------- "' - Protective Dis- Cylinder Identification coating II Cylinder checked for posltlonN Serial number Date mfd Spec. number Symbol Name of manufacturer Type Condition t/~'~)l<if,,_l/-~~ t1 d-~ " /,l')~r/ (J0 · 'b'o ~(see~ (code) Date Inspect Inspector's Initials . .. @ ~ z -· ~ en ;:: ~ ;; "'~ "' 1:; ~ Disposition code "'ijf ~ OK Return to service SC Scrap ~ c. RM Return to manufacturer for repair Figure L3. Visual inspection report form ....... _, '>40. MS 830:2013 Annex M (normative) Fire safety signs M1 Standard safety signs Meaning Smoking is prohibited Fire, naked light and smoking are prohibited Nearby material is a fire risk No handphone © STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 - All rights reserved 137 I ! :, I MS 830:2013 M2 Standard shapes, sizes and colours M2.1 The geometric shapes and sizes shall be as shown in the layout below: d = 100 mm , min. d I= 100 mm, min. I Equilateral triangle M2.2 The following safety colours are t o be used for fire safety signs: Colour BS 5252 reference Red 0.4E533 Yellow 0.8E533 10E51 10E55 a Indicates the preferred colour. 138 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013 - All rights reserved MS 830:2013 AnnexN (normative) Protective ballard poles N1 Construction of ballard poles N1.1 The ballard pole shall be constructed from 80 mm diameter mild steel pipe with concrete infill and encased by a 100 mm diameter polyvinyl chloride pipe (other suitable non-· sparking material may be used). The space in between the mild steel pipe and polyvinyl chloride pipe shall be filled with lean concrete. N1.2 . A 300 mm x 300 mm x a· mm mild steel plate shall be welded to the erid of the ballard pole that is buried in the ground. The other end shall be suitably capped to remove any sharp edges. N1.3 The ballard pole shall be at least 1.35 m long and securely buried vertically to a depth of at least 450 .mm and at least 900 mm shall extend above the ground. The ballard pole shall be buried in a concrete footing of at least 450 mm x 450 "mm x 600 mm [see Figure N1 a)]. N2 Arrangement around dispenser N2.1 At least four ballard poles shall be placed around the dispenser in a square arrangement as shown in Figure N1 b) and the poles shall be spaced at a maximum of 1 m apart. ! ! ©STANDARDS MAlAYSIA 2013 ~All rights reserved 139 \ ·R& ;; , & ... fi!tLJ MS 830:2013 PVC pipe pipe concrete .·' lean concrete 4 lnfill infill ballard pole capping •' ! 900mm concrete footing 1m EJ mild stee1 ~ plete 1m a) Bollard poles an·d concrete foo.ting b) Arrangement around dispenser Figure N1. Protective bollard poles for dispenser 140 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved MS 830:2013 Annex P (normative) Refuelling procedures at automotive LPG dispensing stations P1 . The. following are instructions for attendants filling vehicle fuel containers with LPG. P1.1 Do not fill the vehicle unless: a) there is no smoking or name within 6 m of the vehicle; b) the vehicle ignition is switched off; c) there are no obvious leaks or faults in the LPG equipment of the vehicle and the gas dispensing system; and · d) the vehicle filler valve is in good condition. P1.2 Do not leave the vehicle unattended during the filling operation. P1.3 Connect the filler nozzle. P1.4 Securely replace the protective cap on the vehicle fille( valve at the end of the filling operation. · P1.5 If a continuous gas escape is apparent when the filler nozzle is disconnected, the non-return valve has malfunctioned, probably because of dirt under the seat Reconnect the nozzle and operate it briefly to clear the seat. If this proves unsuccessful seal the vehicle filler valve with a metal cap. Advice the driver to have the fault rectified immediately. · P1.6 At the end of the day's work, before the site or automotive LPG dispensing stations closed down, check all dispensing equipment to ensure that storage container valves are closed, hoses are properly stowed and electrical equipment is switched off. NOTE. Protective gloves are to be available on the site for use during an emergency. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 141 MS 830:2013 AnnexQ (normative) 1 LPG emergency procedures •'I Q1 Gas leak a) shut emergency stop; b) close all valves of containers; c) keep bystanders away; d) no smoking; . e) no naked lights; f) no engine to be started; g) call fire brigade (insert telephone number of local fire station); h) call LPG distributors (inserts LPG distributor's name and all-hours number); and i) isolate power at main switchboard. Q2 Fire a) shut emergency stop; b) call fire brigade (insert telephone number of local fire station); c) call LPG distributors (Insert LPG distributor's name and all-hours number); d) close all valves of container; e) keep bystanders away; f) isolate power at main switchboard; and g) follow fire-fighting instructions. 142 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights rese!Ved MS 830:2013 Annex R (normative) How to control LPG leaks and fires As in any emergency situation it is of paramount importance to avoid endangering human life in event of fire involving or exposing LPG equipment or serious leakage of LPG without fire. It is very beneficial to invite local fire department persOnnel to the plant to familiarise them with the plant location means of entrance location of valves and other safety features and to suggest possible ways of handling emergencies. R1 Basic precautions 1. Approach the fire or gas leak upwind WIND 2. Keep all persons out of vapour cloud area. If necessary to evacuate any area which is in the part of the vapour cloud, do so immediately, eliminating all sources of ignition at the same time. . ~, ~ ...... ------ -- ...... -. , EVACUATE / THIS ,-- t\ AREA "i . .........._...........______ ___ ....... ... ... ...., ... 3. Police the area; keep all persons except those necessary to cope with the condition completely out of the area, but in no case less than the distances shown. ©STANDARDS MALAYSlA 2013- All rights reserved 143 MS 830:2013 R2 Leakage without fire 1. If escaping LPG is not burning close any valve available that can stop the flow of gas. Small lines such as copper tubing could be flattened to stop the flow. If a LPG vehicle is involved, consult the driver; or if storage facilities are involved, consult plant personnel regarding possibilities of shutting off leaks. •' ' 2. Water spray is effective in dispersing LPG vapour. If available it should be used as soon as possible, directing the spray stream across the normal vapour path and dispersing the vapour into a safe location Those handling the hose should avoid entering the vapour cloud and should keep low behind the spray so that they will be somewhat protected from radiant heat if the vapour should be ignited unexpectedly. WIND \ 3. In some instances of leakage from a tank without a fire, it may be desirable to move the tank to some remote area such as a blocked-off isolated roadway or open field where It can leak safely away from a source of ignition. However if this is done, the tank should be moved only in an upright position. Never drag the tank in a manner which might damage valves or piping. Any attempt to turn a tank upright for moving it to some remote location should be done carefully to avoid damage to valves and piping and preferably under cover of water spray. 144 @STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013. All nghts reserved MS 830:2013 R3 Leakage with fire 1. Do not extinguish unless leakage can be stopped, except under certain conditions. c •I r---:Jr------ FIRST CON'TROL u THE LEAK THEN PUT OUT TilE FIRE 2. If the escaping gas is on fire, apply large quantities of water as quickly as possible to all surfaces exposed to heat. Approach the tank(s) from the sides. Concentrate on· piping· and metal surfaces of vessels or adjoining vessels equipment or combustible surfaces exposed to fiame or intense of the tank(s) shell (see step 7). If a number of tanks are involved use additional streams from the opposite sides for adequate cooling . .1._ WINO rl - , , ~~- -. -:::::::- ........ 1• -~- ...\ ~ 3. Consult driver of vehicle or plant-operating personnel (as the case may be) regarding possibilities of shutting off fuel supply. Stopping the flow of gas should be the first consideration after water cooling is established. ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved 145 MS 830:2013 4. If the only valve that can be used to stop the flow of fuels is involved in the fire consider the possibility of effecting shut off by protecting firemen with water fog steams protective clothing and gloves while they are closing the valve. Proceed slowly to avoid any flashbacks or trapping firemen in the flames. ' t f 5. The controlled burning of escaping LPG (which cannot be shut off by closing a valve).is a commonly accepted fighting practice. Application of sufficient water to keep the shell of the vessel and piping cool will allow the fire to consume the product in the tank without danger of causing failure. 6. Dry chemical portable extinguishers are effective for extinguishing small LPG fires. Extinguishing agent should be directed towards point of vapour discharge. Carbon dioxide may also be used. --~--'-C .r- . 146 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All nghts reserved MS 830:2013 7. Failure of LPG tanks usually occurs only when some portion of the metal surface in the vapour space of the vessel becomes over-heated softens and weakens to the point that it will not contain the pressure of the products. In the absence of sufficient water to keep the metal surface cool where it is exposed to direct flames or extreme radiant heat, there is danger of the tank rupturing. ==--~ 8. When sufficient water is not available to keep the tank cool, where excessive heat is present, some warning of increased pressure may be noted from the increase in volume of the fire or of noise level. This should be a signal to consider withdrawal of all men to a safe area. SOMETIMES FROST UN E. SHO'NS UOUID LEVEL 9. Shooting holes in a LPG tank that is involved in fire does not serve any useful purpose and should not be permitted. ©STANDARDS MALAYS1A 2013- All rights reserved 147 MS 830:2013 10. Where possible, remove container from area before flames of burning building reach the container. It may be advisable to move the container under cover of water spray. It should be , moved in only an upright position. Never drag it in a manner that might further damage • valves. Any attempt to turn the tank upright to remove it to some remote location to facilitate product withdrawal should be done carefully to avoid damage to valves and piping. " ' f R4 Exposure to fire 1. It is always important to control any exposure to fire. In addition, when LPG storage vessels or equipment are subjected to serious fire exposure such as from a nearby burning building or a fire involving another fuel. It is of prime importance to apply sufficient water to keep the shell of the vessel and piping cool to avoid any unnecessary release of LPG. 2. If the LPG storage vessel becomes heated to the point of causing the relief valve to function, the discharge should be allowed to burn if it becomes ignited. At the same time, continue to apply large volumes of water to the vessel and piping to keep them cool and to allow the relief valve to close after the excess pressure has been relieved. 3. Portable LPG cylinders that are exposed to a fire should be moved, if feasible, to a safe location. 148 ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All rights reserved I Acknowledgements Members of Technical Committee on Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Related Products lr Roslee Esman (Chairman)/ Suruhanjaya Tenaga Dr Sulaiman Abdullah Prof Dr Zulkefli Yaacob (Vice-chairman) Universiti Malaysia Pahang Ms Lee Hooi Lan (Secretary) SIRIM Berhad Mr Kamarul Azrillbrahim/ Boustead Petroleum Marketing Sdn Bhd Mr Eric Chang/ MrS. Rajan Mr Noorazman Saud Department of Occupational Safety and Health Malaysia Mr Ang Chin Yam Gas Malaysia Berhad MrJasni Ali Jabatan Bomba dan Penyelamat Malaysia Mr Azizul Abdul Aziz Jabatan Pengangkutan Jalan Malaysia Mr Amir Soffian A. Razak Majugas Sdn Bhd Mr Mohd Zulkifli Haji Saidi Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-operatives and Consumerism Mr Zuhairie Suffian M. Zam Zam/ PETRONAS Dagangan Berhad Mr Mahmud Yusoff Ms Suzanna Abdul Wahab Petron Oil and Gas International Sdn Bhd Mr Syed Muhamad Farid/ Shell Malaysia Trading Sdn Bhd Mr Tan Tee Siang/ Mr Basir Abdul Ghani Mr Zulkiflee Umar Suruhanjaya Tenaga ©STANDARDS MALAYSIA 2013- All nghts reserved ©Copyright 2013 AI! rights rese!Ved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the Department of Standards Malaysia.