Microsoft Power Point - Qos B9

Introduction to QUALITY OF SERVICE and TRAFFIC LOAD MONITORING BSS release B9TRAINING MANUAL 3FL10491ACAAWBZZA ed 2 – October 2006 © All rights reserved. Passing on and copying of this document, use and communication of its contents not permitted without written authorization from Alcatel. © Alcatel 1 Safety Warning Both lethal and dangerous voltages are present within the equipment. Do not wear conductive jewelry while working on the equipment. Always observe all safety precautions and do not work on the equipment alone. Caution The equipment used during this course is electrostatic sensitive. Please observe correct anti-static precautions. Trade Marks Alcatel and MainStreet are trademarks of Alcatel. All other trademarks, service marks and logos (“Marks”) are the property of their respective holders including Alcatel. Users are not permitted to use these Marks without the prior consent of Alcatel or such third party owning the Mark. 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Mention of non-Alcatel products or services is for information purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a recommendation. Please refer to technical practices supplied by Alcatel for current information concerning Alcatel equipment and its operation. © Alcatel 2 Product Line Course Title Course Number ™ EVOLIUM™ Mobile Radio Solutions Introduction to GSM QoS and traffic load monitoring / B9 3FL10491ABAA Audience Customer personnel in charge of the radio optimization, quality of service and radio trafficengineering. Course content 1 Introduction 1.1 Monitoring the Qos of the BSS 1.2 Monitoring the traffic Load of the BSS 1.3 Information sources available 1.4 Introduction to K1205 PC emulation Objectives During this training, the participant will learn how interpret counters and indicators of the Alcatel BSS System. By the end of the course, the participant will be able to interpret : Global indicators, in order to assess the general quality of the network Detailed indicators, in order to detect / identify / locate the main malfunctions Handover indicators, in order to quantify efficiency and reason of HO Directed retry indicators, in order to quantify efficiency of directed retry RMS indicators to ease radio optimisation and fault detection Traffic indicators, in order to detect/predict overload and compute adequate cell dimensioning as well as to understand how RTCH resources are used in the network 2 Global Indicators 2.1 Indicators definition 2.2 Methodological precautions 2.3 Typical call failures 2.4 Description of global indicators 2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators 2.6 Global indicators interpretation 3 Detailed Indicators 3.1 Indicator reference name 3.2 Indicators classification 4 HO Indicators 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell 4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell 4.3 External handover indicators per cell 4.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells 5 Directed Retry Indicators 5.1 Internal directed retry indicators 5.2 External directed retry indicators Prerequisites In depth knowledge of GSM BSS system architecture Windows literate 6 Radio Measurement Statistics (RMS) indicators 6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives 6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS 6.3 RMS data 6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX 6.5 Radio quality statistics per TRX 6.6 C/I statistics 6.7 RMS indicators usage 6.8 Additional information Training Methods Theory and practice on PC Language English - French Duration 5 days 7 Traffic Indicators • • • • • • Location Alcatel University or Customer Premises Number of participants 8 maximum 7.1 Call mix definition 7.2 Basis of traffic theory 7.3 TCH resource allocation indicators 7.4 Resource occupancy indicators 7.5 Traffic model indicators 7.6 Preemption indicators © Alcatel 3 Page intentionally left blank © Alcatel 4 Objectives Course title : Client (Company, centre) : Language : Number of trainees : Surname, First name : dates from : Location : Contract number : to : Did you meet the following objectives ? Tick the corresponding box Please, return this sheet to the trainer at the end of the training Instructional objectives 1- To be able to interpret Global indicators, in order to assess the general quality of the network 2- To be able to interpret Detailed indicators, in order to detect / identify / locate the main malfunctions 3- To be able to interpret Handover indicators, in order to quantify efficiency and reason of HO 4- To be able to interpret Directed retry indicators, in order to quantify efficiency of directed retry 5- To be able to interpret RMS indicators to ease radio optimisation and fault detection 6- To be able to interpret Traffic indicators, in order to detect/predict overload and compute adequate cell dimensioning as well as to understand how RTCH resources are used in the network Yes (or Globally yes) No (or globally no) Comments © Alcatel 5 Objectives (continued) Instructional objectives Yes (or Globally yes) No (or globally no) Comments Other comments Thank you for your answers to this questionnaire © Alcatel 6 1 INTRODUCTION All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 7 3 Information sources available • 1.1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS • 1.2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS • 1. Alcatel © Alcatel 8 .1 Introduction Section presentation > Objective: to be able to explain what is QoS and Traffic Load monitoring of the BSS and what are the information sources available for that purpose > Program: • 1.4 Introduction to K1205 PC emulation Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 8 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 9 .1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS All rights reserved © 2004. BSS.1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS Definition > ”Monitor" "network" "quality" • monitor = measure or ensure? • network = BSS? BSS+NSS? BSS+NSS+PSTN … • quality = service (end-user) and/or system (technical) > But also detect. BSC. etc. diagnose outages • detect (decide according to thresholds) • localize (which cell. localize. Alcatel © Alcatel 10 . TC problems Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 10 All rights reserved © 2004.1.) • diagnose: radio. daily (and sometimes hourly) basis. Radio Optimization team: has to detect bad QoS areas in the network and to implement and assess modifications for QoS improvement. ⇒ needs to have the most detailed status of QoS at cell and TRX levels on an hourly basis. © Alcatel 11 . Alcatel > 3 usages of QoS data ⇒ 3 levels of QoS reports: 1. Management team: has to compare Network QoS with competitors' one and to plan Network evolutions.1 Monitoring the QoS of the BSS Usage Radio optimization Radio optimization Management Management •network monitoring •network monitoring •comparison with competitor •comparison with competitor •comparison of manufacturers •comparison of manufacturers •contractual requirement: licence •contractual requirement: licence •quality responsible •quality responsible •cell radio quality survey •cell radio quality survey •HO quality monitoring •HO quality monitoring •assessment of tuning efficiency •assessment of tuning efficiency BSS maintenance BSS maintenance •cell/BSC/TC problem detection •cell/BSC/TC problem detection QoS Results QoS Results Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 11 All rights reserved © 2004. 3. ⇒ needs to have a detailed status and evolution of the QoS at BSS and cell (and sometimes TRX) levels on a weekly.1. ⇒ needs to have a general view of the Network QoS on a monthly (and sometimes weekly) basis. 2. Supervision and Maintenance team: has to detect dramatic QoS degradations and identify the responsible Network Element (and if possible component). 2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 12 .1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1. handover. © Alcatel 13 . > As input for dimensioning/architecture team Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 13 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS Definition > Measure the "quantity" of traffic handled by: • the network • the BSCs • the cells > Analyze traffic characteristics • call. etc. Alcatel > Traffic characteristics used as a "call mix" to dimension or re-dimension the network will be developed in the section Monitoring the Traffic Load of the BSS. location update. 3 Information sources available All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 14 .1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1.3 Information sources available Observation means > DIFFERENT WAYS TO OBSERVE/MEASURE the GSM network External Interface Analysis A interface: MSC/TC-BSC Abis interface: BSC/BTS Air MS/BTS OMC Counters BSC (NSS) Tektronix K1205 Counter browser W&G NPA Gnnettest MPA Abis Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 15 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > QoS data can be built-up from different and complementary kinds of information sources. MS Air BTS MSC/VLR BSC TC Abis SACCH RSL Ater N7 A N7 drive test tool protocol analyzer © Alcatel 15 . • Signaling messages provided by a protocol acquisition tool on the different interfaces handled by the BSS: Air. > Usually post-processing applications will build up QoS indicators from: • OMC-R counters provided by the BSS system itself. Abis. A (or Ater). Expertise needed for analysis . Indeed. Alcatel > The main advantage of the A interface is to allow the detection of Call Setup failures either due to the User or to the NSS (or PSTN).Low coverage (K1103/MA10: 8 COCs.High cost of equipment . file analysis) . > K1205 protocol analyzer can trace up to 32 COCs at the same time but on maximum 16 PCM physical links. time-stamp) + Possible detection of User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems . > K1103 protocol analyzer can trace up to 8 COCs at the same time but on maximum 4 PCM physical links. can be used for arbitrage between manufacturers + Complete information (message contents.) + GSM standard.1. Tektronix.Time consuming. > Some typical user failure causes are: Some typical NSS failure causes are: IMSI Unknown in VLR Temporary Failure IMSI Unknown in HLR Resource Unavailable IMEI Not Accepted Switching Equipment Congestion PLMN Not Allowed Normal Unspecified Service Option Not Supported Recovery on Timer Expiry Requested Service Not Supported Call Reject Unassigned Number Interworking Operator Determined Barring Protocol Error User Alerting Network Failure Facility Not Subscribed Congestion No Route to Destination Normal Call Clearing User Busy Invalid Number Format Call Reject Interworking Normal Unspecified > CAUTION: In order to assess the QoS of a BSS or some cells of a BSS. "post mortem" (installation of tool. © Alcatel 16 . all N7 links between this BSC and the MSC must be traced.3 Information sources available A interface trace INFORMATION SOURCE: EXTERNAL INTERFACE "A" > Capture/decode signaling between MSC and BSC-TC (A or Ater MUX) with "protocol analyzer" (Wandel. signaling messages relating to one call can be conveyed on any of the active N7 links. etc.Large amount of data (>> 10 Mbytes /hour/BSC) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 16 All rights reserved © 2004. as the N7 signaling load is spread over all N7 links. Gnnettest. K1205/MPA: 32 COCs maximum!) . 1. Alcatel © Alcatel 17 .3 Information sources available Example of trace On a K1205 protocol analyzer Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 17 All rights reserved © 2004. a few cell(s)) Very large amount of data (>> 10 Mbytes/hour/BTS) 18 All rights reserved © 2004. time-stamp) Possible detection of User/MS/BSS/TC/NSS problems Complete radio information thanks to measurement messages Downlink and uplink High cost of equipment Time consuming. Tektronix. Both DownLink and UpLink paths can be observed and compared. > BUT from B7 release.) + + + + Complete information (message contents. etc. © Alcatel 18 . the Radio Measurement Statistics (RMS) feature implemented in the BSS provides a good level of information allowing to reduce the number of Abis traces to be done for radio network optimization.1. file analysis) Important expertise needed for analysis Very low coverage (A few RSLs. Gnnettest.3 Information sources available Abis interface trace INFORMATION SOURCE: EXTERNAL INTERFACE "Abis" > Capture/decode signaling between BSC and BTS with "protocol analyzer" (Wandel. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > The main advantage of the Abis trace is to allow a detailed and precise assessment of the radio quality of a cell at TRX level. "post mortem" (installation of tool. Very time-consuming . > Even if the RMS feature will allow to assess the radio quality as perceived by the end user.y) of problems Give downlink radio information Only way to localize a lack of coverage Only way to monitor competitor . no location of the radio problems is provided through the RMS.Difficulty to perform a lot of calls -> number of samples insufficient -> only a few streets .High cost of equipment . © Alcatel 19 .1. Alcatel > The main advantage of the Air trace is to associate a radio quality measurement to a given geographical area of the network.No uplink Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 19 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Information sources available Air interface trace INFORMATION SOURCE: EXTERNAL INTERFACE "Air" > Use trace MS to capture signaling and signal characteristics + + + + Give precise location (x. Weak to analyze other sub-systems Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 20 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 20 .Raw information. value reported periodically (1 hour) + Low cost: collected directly at OMC + Compact data: possibility to store counters for a complete network . having to be consolidated to be understandable . Alcatel > The main advantage of the BSS counters is to provide easily QoS data for permanent QoS monitoring.1.Manufacturer's dependent: questionable/difficult to compare .3 Information sources available Performance Measurement counters SUB-SYSTEM COUNTERS > Counts events seen by sub-system. 1.3 Information sources available Exercise > Draw the BSS PM counters flow on the chart > In which sub-system are the BSS QoS indicators computed and stored? BSC OMC-R BSC OMC-R OMC-R NPA BSC RNO Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 21 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 21 . Alcatel > As BSS PM counters are defined in order to provide information to assess the QoS of the BSS and help to detect BSS misbehavior.1. with breakdown per cell/BSC > SPECIFIC DRAWBACK • NSS/PSTN/MS/USER problems not seen Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 22 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Information sources available BSS counters BSS COUNTERS > Combined into significant formulae: indicators > Used to monitor BSS network quality > Over a complete network. PSTN or User. there is no way to identify QoS problems due to NSS. © Alcatel 22 . © Alcatel 23 .1. with breakdown per BSC (maximum) > SPECIFIC DRAWBACKS • BSS problems usually not precisely identified • No breakdown per cell Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 23 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > The NSS QoS is provided through NSS PM counters and indicators. It is out of the scope ot this training course.3 Information sources available NSS counters NSS COUNTERS > Combined into significant formulas: indicators > Used to monitor NSS network quality > Over a complete network. In order to provide the operators with an easy and cost-effective way to monitor their network and carried traffic. cell) > In the BSS B9.e. The principle is to count for a given duration called granularity period (typically 1 hour) pre-defined events occurring on the Abis or A interface. cell).e. BSS manufacturers have implemented specific software features. Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 24 All rights reserved © 2004. around 1000 counters are available (without GPRS). Alcatel > Alcatel has chosen to implement PM counters in the BSC and to increment them mostly on Abis interface signaling messages.3 Information sources available ALCATEL BSS counters INFORMATION SOURCES: BSS Counters (1/2) > Performance Management implementation • Easy and cost-effective way to monitor network and carried traffic > Principle: • For a given duration (granularity period= typically 1 hour) • To count pre-defined events occurring on the Abis or A interface.1. • Counters stored with breakdown per network component (I. or internally. with breakdown per network component (i. called performance management. > Therefore caution should be taken when interpreting QoS indicators value since some discrepancies may be observed due to these possible choices. © Alcatel 24 . or internally. > Other suppliers may have chosen to increment them on A interface signaling messages or to implement them in the BTS. These counters are stored for each duration. Alcatel © Alcatel 25 . > Several counters are reported to the OMC-R permanently every PM granularity period: • Type 180: per cell adjacency • Type 110 per cell • Other Types: per TRX / N7 Link / BSC …/… Millions of counters are collected every day Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 25 All rights reserved © 2004. counters are computed by BSC. > Every reporting period. based mainly on Abis messages.3 Information sources available ALCATEL BSS counters INFORMATION SOURCES: BSS Counters (2/2) > In Alcatel BSS (except GPRS). counters values are sent to the OMC-R for storage.1. Alcatel > All counters are described in the "PM counters and indicators".1. © Alcatel 26 . Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 26 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Information sources available BSS counter Example > MC718: counter number > NB_TCH_NOR_ASS_SUCC_TRX: counter name > Cumulative: method of computation > Type 110: BSS PM measurement type to which the counter belongs > Measured object: minimum object level for which the counter is provided: TRX or CELL or BSC or N7 LINK or X25 LINK etc. or internal event At the end of a collection period. the result is the mean value > Observation • Set of recorded information about a telecom procedure (handover. UL & DL measurements reporting) 27 All rights reserved © 2004. > Inspection counters are of gauge type. channel release. a task quantifies an internal resource status (usually a table) At the end of a collection period. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > Main counters are of cumulative type. the result is the sum of the events > Inspection • • Every 20 or 10 seconds. © Alcatel 27 .1. > Observation counters are grouped in a Performance Measurement record associated to a particular GSM BSS telecom procedure: SDCCH channel seizure.3 Information sources available BSS counter characteristics Collection mechanism > Cumulative • • • The counter is incremented at the occurrence of a specific event Abis or A message. TCH channel seizure. etc. internal handover. 14. 2. Adjacency). It means that the related counters are reported only for a limited number of Network Elements: • 40 cells per BSS for PM types 1. 4. 28. 29. 30.08 CLEAR REQUEST and 08. 25. AGCH.3 Information sources available BSS Performance Measurement types N° 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 19 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 110 180 Type Name Traffic Measurement Resource Availability Measurement CCCH channel resource usage measurements SDCCH channel resource usage measurements TCH channel resource usage measurements TCH Handover Measurements LAPD Measurement X. RACH) Set of counters related to the usage of SDCCH channel Set of counters related to the usage of TCH channel Set of counters related to the TCH handover procedure Set of counters related to the LapD logical links Set of counters related to the X25 links OMC-BSC Set of counters related to the N7 Signaling Links Observation counters on SDCCH channels allocated Observation counters on 08. X25 link. 3. 6. 32. LAPD link. 2.z: cumulative counters in PM type 7 (L stands for LAPD link) • Xy. 180) • detailed types (1. It means that the related counters are reported for all the Network Elements they are implemented on (TRX. 19. 10.z: cumulative counters in PM type 9 (N stands for N7 link) • Syz: observation counters in PM type 10 (S stands for SDCCH) • Ryz:: observation counters in PM type 11 (R stands for Radio measurements) • HOyz: observation counters in PM type 12. 14 (HO stands for HandOver) • Tyz: observation counters in PM type 15 (T stands for TCH) • RMSyz: cumulative counters in PM type 31 (RMS stands for Radio Measurement Statistics) • MCyz or MNy. 28. 12. 27 > Counter numbering rules: • Cyz: cumulative or inspection counters in PM types 1. 6. > A standard PM type can be activated for the whole network. 13. 6. SDCCH. 26.08 ASSIGNMENT FAILURE Set of counters related to Short Message Service Point to Point Set of counters related to SCCP Layer of the N7 signaling Links Set of counters related to outgoing TCH handover provided per adjency Set of counters related to incoming TCH handover provided per adjency Set of counter related to the SDCCH handover procedure Set of counter related to the directed retry handover procedure Set of counters related to Short Message Service Cell Broadcast Set of counters providing radio quality measurements for TRX/Cell Set of counters related to handovers including a change of TCH Frequency band Average emitted power at the BTS antenna output Set of key counters allowing to access Quality of Service of a given Cell/BSC/Network Set of counters related to incoming inter-cell SDCCH/TCH handover performed per adjency Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 28 All rights reserved © 2004. 27) > The most important types for QoS monitoring and Radio Network Optimization are in bold. Alcatel > BSS Performance Measurement types (PM types) are split into two categories: • standard types (7. 180 • Ly. 4. 18. 27. 4. 13. 30. 29.1. 29 • 15 cells per BSS for PM types 10.z: cumulative counters in PM type 8 (X stands for X25 link) • Ny.110. 32. 9. 2. 13. 3. 5. 11. 15 • 1 cell per BSS for PM types 11. 18.58 MEASUREMENT REPORT for a TCH Observation counters on internal intra-cell or inter-cell SDCCH or TCH handover Observation counters on incoming external SDCCH or TCH handover Observation counters on outgoing external SDCCH or TCH handover Observation counters on TCH channel allocated different causes of 08. 5. 31. 15. CELL. 12. 5.z: cumulative counters in PM type 110 (M stands for Major) © Alcatel 28 . N7 link. 19. 26. > A detailed PM type can be activated only on a sub-set of the network. 25. 8.25 Measurement N7 Measurement SDCCH Observations TCH measurements observations Internal Handover Observations Incoming External Handover Observations Outgoing External Handover Observations TCH Observation A Interface measurements SMS PP Measurements SCCP Measurements TCH outgoing Handover per adjency TCH incoming Handover per adjency SDCCH Handover Directed Retry measurements SMS CB Measurements Radio Measurement Statistics Change of frequency band measurements BTS Power Measurement Overview measurements Traffic Flow measurements B9 NewB9 ANNEX 6 Type definition Set of counters related to the traffic evaluation per telecom procedure Set of counters related to the availability of the CCCH. or TCH channels Set of counters related to the usage of CCCH channel (PCH. 14. 3. 26. BSS and NSS coming from different providers 9.In a building.discriminate problems between BSS/NSS.localise abnormal cells in a network 6.overall radio quality of 1 cell 2. how to confirm ? 10. Alcatel Best source Counters Why Type 31: RMS © Alcatel 29 .history of network quality for several weeks 7. one is thinking that an elevator is inducing PCM trouble.1.localise precise location of a radio pb 5.3 Information sources available Observation means Training exercise: find the best source of information Observation to be done : 1.Identify potential interfering cells of 1 Cells Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 29 All rights reserved © 2004.monitor user failures 3.get average network quality 4.compare networks quality 8. Alcatel © Alcatel 30 .2 GLOBAL INDICATORS All rights reserved © 2004. 4 Description of global indicators • 2.2 Methodological precautions • 2.1 Indicators definition • 2.3 Typical call failures • 2.6 Global indicators interpretation Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 31 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 31 .2 Global indicators Section presentation > Objective: to be able to explain what is a Global indicator and what are the main BSS indicators regarding GSM services provided by the Alcatel BSS > Program: • 2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators • 2. 2 GLOBAL INDICATORS 2. Alcatel © Alcatel 32 .1 Indicators definition All rights reserved © 2004. Indicators • Counters: provided by the BSS equipments • Indicators: computed by BSS Monitoring equipments Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 33 All rights reserved © 2004. > Example: • call drop rate = Call Drop nb / Call nb = f(counters) • call drop = Call drop nb = 1 counter © Alcatel 33 .1 Indicators definition Global / detailed BSS INDICATORS DEFINITION (Alcatel) > Numerical data providing information about network performance regarding: • The complete network: GLOBAL indicator • An element of the network: DETAILED indicator – TS/TRX/CELL/BTS/BSC/TC > A formulae of several counter(s) > Counters vs. Alcatel > The indicators computation can be performed from several counters or by a simple counter mapping.2. month) > Compared with: • Competitor results if available • Contractual requirements • Internal quality requirements Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 34 All rights reserved © 2004.1 Indicators definition Global GLOBAL INDICATORS > Measure the performance of the complete network > Analyzed according their trend and values • Usually every day (week. Alcatel © Alcatel 34 .2. 00% CDR CDR 2.00% weekly call drop rate weekly call drop rate contractual call drop rate contractual call drop rate quality CDR quality CDR 11 55 99 13 13 17 17 21 21 25 25 29 29 33 33 37 37 week number week number Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 35 All rights reserved © 2004.50% 3.00% 0. can be requested by the operator to the provider on swap or network installation • Quality threshold: fixed internally by radio team management.50% 3.50% 1.1 Indicators definition Thresholds EXAMPLE: Thresholds on Call Drop Rate indicator Weekly CDR "GSM" Weekly CDR "GSM" 3.50% 1. > Quality thresholds are usually more tight than contractual ones.00% 1.50% 2.00% 3.50% 0.2. Alcatel > The Call Drop rate at network level has to compared to: • Contractual threshold: can be requested by the operator management to the operational radio team.50% 0.00% 0.00% 2.00% 1.50% 2. © Alcatel 41 41 45 45 35 . LAC=234 call drop rate in your capital call drop rate in your capital call drop rate of the cell covering aaspecific buidling call drop rate of the cell covering specific buidling % of HO with the cause better cell (among other causes) for the network % of HO with the cause better cell (among other causes) for the network average rate of TCH dropped for all TRX of the network carrying 11SDCCH8 average rate of TCH dropped for all TRX of the network carrying SDCCH8 rate of SDCCH dropped on TRX1 of cell 12.24 rate of SDCCH dropped on TRX1 of cell 12. LAC=234 rate of call lost due to radio pb on cell CI=14.2.24 call success of 11PLMN call success of PLMN % of cells being congested today % of cells being congested today Yes Yes No No Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 36 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 36 .1 Indicators definition Exercise > TRAINING EXERCISE: GLOBAL OR NOT INDICATOR DESCRIPTION INDICATOR DESCRIPTION G? G? average of call setup success rate for the network average of call setup success rate for the network rate of call lost due to radio pb on cell CI=14. 2 GLOBAL INDICATORS 2.2 Methodological precautions All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 37 . Alcatel © Alcatel 38 .2 Methodological precautions Objective METHODOLOGICAL PRECAUTIONS > Avoid typical errors regarding indicators interpretation Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 38 All rights reserved © 2004.2. 2 Methodological precautions Global indicator value A good value for a global indicator ⇓ All network components are OK regarding this indicator > Example • A global call drop rate of 1% • Can hide some cells with 10 % of call drop rate Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 39 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 39 .2. 00% 3 1 33.00% 210 4 2.14% 536 3 0.95% 2. Alcatel © Alcatel 40 .2 Methodological precautions Network Element aggregation cell 1 cell 2 cell 3 cell 4 cell 5 cell 6 cell 7 cell 8 cell 9 cell 10 number of calls number of call drop call drop rate 390 8 2.10% 1029 12 1.20% 321 4 1.50% 2 1 50.10% average of cell results total nb of drop/total number of calls > The average value of an indicator for a Network • Is not the average of cell results (or any sub-part of it) • BUT the average weighted by the traffic Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 40 All rights reserved © 2004.11% 432 5 1.10% 546 29 5.25% 637 20 3.11% 9.2. Alcatel © Alcatel 41 .3 Typical call failures All rights reserved © 2004.2 GLOBAL INDICATORS 2. Radio link establishment 2."Alerting/connection" phase > Each phase has a specific utility and weaknesses Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 42 All rights reserved © 2004."SDCCH phase“ then only for "Circuit Switch call" 3. 2 for a location update: 1.3 Typical call failures Call Setup phasing > 4 stages for a call establishment.TCH assignment 4. Alcatel © Alcatel 42 .2. > The SCCP Connection Confirm message is conveyed on a COC chosen by the MSC which can be located on a different PCM than the one of the COC used by the BSC to send signaling messages to the MSC.2.OC success Originated Call: RLE success case MS BTS BSC MSC CHANNEL REQUEST -------------(RACH)------------> CHANNEL REQUIRED ----------------------------------------------> MC8C CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH) <---------------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .start T3101 MC8B <------------(AGCH)------------SABM (L3 info) -------------(SDCCH)-----------> ESTABLISH IND (L3 info) UA (L3 info) ----------------------------------------------> stop T3101 <-----------(SDCCH)------------MC02 CR (COMPLETE L3 INFO) ----------------------------------> Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase LapD CC <---------------------------------- Specific case of Call establishment failure: Loss of messages due to LapD congestion can be follow with a counter (see notes) • T3101: guard timer for SDCCH allocation (Default: 3 seconds) • CR/CC are used to exchange SCCP references – – Any further message related to this call will have one (or 2) of these 2 references K1205 can extract the call using these references (SLR. • Counter: L1. > A LapD counter that indicates the time a LapD link is congested is created to analyze the cause of a degraded quality of service. when the BSC is congested on the downlink.MC148 CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK ----------------------------------------------> IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <---------------------------------------------. loss of paging messages or delay in handover procedures. This may result for example in call establishment failures. Once allocated the SDCCH channel is activated by the BTS on BSC request. > MC8C counts the number of Channels Required received from the MS in a cell. > The SCCP Connection Request message is conveyed on an A interface PCM timeslot chosen by the BSC (called COC). Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > The SDCCH resource allocation is performed by the BSC. © Alcatel 43 . > MC8B counts the number of time an MS is commanded to access an SDCCH channel in a cell. > MC02 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed an SDCCH in a cell as part of a Mobile Originating (MO) call. DLR!!) 43 All rights reserved © 2004. The Default value is 3 seconds. > T3101 is the guard timer for the SDCCH access from the MS.18: TIME_LAPD_CONG • Definition: Time in seconds during which the LapD link is congested in transmission in the BSC. > MC148 counts the number of SDCCH channels activated (therefore allocated) in a cell. > Take care than. some messages are discarded. This counter is implemented in type 7 and thus only be available in a detailed measurement campaign. 2. It is up to the MSC to repeat Paging if T3113 expires (usually around 7 seconds).MC148 CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK ----------------------------------------------> IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND <---------------------------------------------. > MC01 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed an SDCCH in a cell as part of a Mobile Terminating (MT) call.Start T3101 MC8B BSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <------------(AGCH)------------SABM (PAGING RESP) -------------(SDCCH)-----------> ESTABLISH IND (PAGING RESP) UA (PAGING RESP) ----------------------------------------------> Stop T3101 <-----------(SDCCH)------------MC01 CR (COMPLETE L3 INFO) ----------------------------------> stop T3113 CC <---------------------------------- Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 44 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . • in Paging Request Type 3: up to 4 MSs (TMSI1. > MC8A counts the number of Paging Command messages sent on a cell. Alcatel > A paging message is broadcast by the MSC to all BSCs controlling cells belonging to the same Location Area as the one of the paged MS.TMSI3. > Caution: • A paging Request message sent on the Air interface by the BTS may contain several MS identities. a Paging message and a Paging Command message relate to only one MS identity.IMSI2) can be included. 3 Paging Request types can be used: • in Paging Request Type 1: up to 2 MSs (IMSI1. • in Paging Request Type 2: up to 3 MSs (IMSI1. • On the other hand.TMSI1.TC success Terminated Call: RLE success case MS BTS PAGING REQUEST <-------------(PCH)-------------CHANNEL REQUEST -------------(RACH)------------> MSC PAGING PAGING COMMAND <---------------------------------<---------------------------------------------start T3113 MC8A CHANNEL REQUIRED ----------------------------------------------> MC8C CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH) <---------------------------------------------. > In case no MS is accessing the SDCCH channel (T3101 expiry) then the BSC does not repeat the Immediate Assignment since the MS may have accessed an SDCCH in another BSS.TMSI2.TMSI2) can be included.TMSI4) can be included. © Alcatel 44 . Alcatel > Normally all cells of the same Location Area must have the same MC8A counter value since all these cells must be paged for an MT call on an MS located in the Location Area they are included in.2. > If not: it means that a cell is not declared in the right LA at NSS level. © Alcatel 45 .Paging RLE > Paging MC8A=C8A Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 45 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . .. This field has a variable length (from 3 bits up to 6 bits).. Establishment causes can be divided into 2 categories: • Valid causes: 5 (6 if GPRS) 000: Location Update (Normal. > This Channel Request message is made up of one byte with 2 Informations Elements (IEs): 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 +-----------------------------------------------+ │ ESTABLISHMENT │ RANDOM │ │ + .. Alcatel > Caution: All Channels Required (therefore RACH) are counted in MC8C: valid and invalid causes (see later)...2. > Due to the fact that the NECI bit is always set to 1 in Alcatel BSS..3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . > The Channel Required content corresponds to the Channel Request message sent by the MS to the BTS. > RANDOM REFERENCE This is an unformatted field with a variable length (from 5 bits down to 2 bits). Indeed ghost RACHs are also counted. Periodic.RACH counter RLE > RACH MC8C=C8C Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 46 All rights reserved © 2004.+ │ │ CAUSE │ REFERENCE │ +-----------------------------------------------+ > ESTABLISHMENT CAUSE This information field indicates the reason for requesting the establishment of a connection. IMSI Attach) 100: Terminating call 101: Emergency call 110: Call Re-establishment 111: Originating call (not emergency) 011: if GPRS is implemented in the cell Invalid causes: 3 (2 if GPRS) 001: 010: 011: if GPRS is not implemented in the cell • © Alcatel 46 . +MC02G+MC02H+MC02i Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 47 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > MC02A = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Normal or Periodic LU request (IMSI Attach also counted). Also. > MC02E = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Call Re-establishment.58 ESTABLISH INDICATION) unknown by the BSC but transferred to the MSC. > MC02i = Number of Mobile Originating SDCCH establishments for LCS purpose. > MC02G = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for IMSI Detach. Evaluation of The Mobiles location (see the next slides) > LCS: Location Services © Alcatel 47 . > MC02H = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Normal or Emergency call.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .2. > MC02F = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized in case of L3 Info (within 08.OC success counters split RLE > success MO split MC02x=C02x MC02A: LU MC02B: SMS MC02C: SS MC02D: LU follow-on MC02E: CR MC02F: unknown MC02G: IMSI Detach MC02H: EC or NC MC02i: LCS MC02 =MC02A+MC02B+MC02C+……. > MC02D = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for LU with follow-on bit set to 1 (means that the SDCCH phase will be followed by a TCH assignment for speech call establishment). > MC02C = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Supplementary Service. > MC02B = Number of SDCCHs successfully seized for Short Message Service. 3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .2. Alcatel © Alcatel 48 .SDCCH congestion failure > Main failure cases for Radio Link Establishment Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase SDCCH Access Failure SDCCH SDCCH Congestion Congestion SDCCH SDCCH Radio Failure Radio Failure SDCCH SDCCH BSS Problem BSS Problem Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 48 All rights reserved © 2004. > Otherwise T3120 is computed by the MS as a random number of slots between: • 250 and 250+T-1 for a phase 1 MS where: T=Tx_integer parameter (1 value per cell chosen between 3 to 50 slots) • S and T+S for a phase 2 MS where: T=Tx_integer parameter (1 value per cell chosen between 3 to 50 slots) S is a parameter depending on the CCCH configuration and on the value of Tx_integer as defined in the following table: TX_integer S(CCCH Not Comb) S(CCCH Combined) 3. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > In case of Immediate Assignment Reject: T3122 = value of Wait_Indication parameter sent by the BSC to the MS. 9. 32 © Alcatel 55 76 109 163 217 41 52 58 86 115 49 . 8. 12. no answer to the MS > The MS will repeat automatically its request in case of congestion (next slides) • • Waiting for T3122 expiry in case of Immediate Assignment Reject Waiting for T3120 expiry otherwise 49 All rights reserved © 2004. 20 6. 50 4.SDCCH congestion RLE > SDCCH congestion MS BTS BSC MSC CHANNEL REQUEST -------------(RACH)------------> CHANNEL REQUIRED ----------------------------------------------> MC8C No free SDCCH !! MC04 IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND <---------------------------------------------IMM. 11.2. 10. 14. and MC8B <-------------(AGCH)------------ Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase > The Immediate Assignment Reject mechanism can be disabled at OMC-R level • • And is not activated for answer to paging If disabled.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . ASS. 16 5. REJECT (immediate assignment reject) MC8D. 25 7. 3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .SDCCH congestion counter RLE > SDCCH congestion MC04=C04 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 50 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 50 .2. the MS will • • > In case of LU.SDCCH cong. the MS will attempt a new LU request > In case of Call establishment. consequences RLE > SDCCH congestion MAIN CONSEQUENCES Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase > The MS will try "max_retrans +1 " time before giving up • • Immediately for phase 1 MS After T3126 for phase 2 MS (still waiting for Immediate Assignment during this timer) Either try an automatic cell reselection Or do nothing > In case of "max_retrans+1" failures. the MS will not re-attempt automatically.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .2. it is up to the subscriber to try to set up the call again Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 51 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 51 . train. • Solution = redesign the LA plan or play on radio parameters (CELL_RESELECT_HYSTERESIS. causes RLE > SDCCH congestion MAIN CAUSES Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase > Too much SDCCH "normal" traffic for cell SDCCH design • Radio resource capacity not sufficient (too many calls) • Inadequate LA design (too many LUs) > "Common Transport Effect" • Difficult to avoid for small cells > Abnormal SDCCH traffic • ”Phantom" channel requests (seen in SDCCH RF failure session) • Neighboring cell barred Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 52 All rights reserved © 2004.SDCCH cong. • Solution = change the BCCH frequency or put an RX filter > High SDCCH congestion can also be abnormally observed in a cell in case one of its neighboring cell is barred. Alcatel > SDCCH congestion can be too high because of the subscribers' traffic demand in terms of calls / LU. plane).2. WI_OP) > High SDCCH congestion can be abnormally observed without real MS traffic in case a high level of noise or the proximity of a non-GSM radio transmitter. • Solution = Remove the barring © Alcatel 52 .3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . • Solution = add a TRX or site / redesign the LA plan > High SDCCH congestion can be observed at peculiar period of the day due to a peak of LU requests generated by a big group of subscribers entering a new LA at the same time (bus. once again. Resolution? RLE > SDCCH congestion DYNAMIC SDCCH ALLOCATION Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase > Too many SDCCHs will lead to a lack of TCH resources. and money. change of SMS traffic optimize the SDCCH configuration becomes more important.. it is possible to configure: • • a set of static SDCCH/x timeslots to handle normal SDCCH traffic. > At OMC-R level. > This feature is particularly useful in very dense (hierarchical) networks. change of SMS traffic model. > Too few SDCCH will result in SDCCH congestion. Alcatel > "Dynamic SDCCH allocation" feature: • • • > Useful in very dense (hierarchical) networks: Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > This feature not only improves SDCCH congestion but also successful TCH assignment rates. or for SDCCH traffic depending on the need. where the effort to optimize the SDCCH configuration becomes more important.2. the operator 's revenue decreases. SDCCH traffic varying due to LCS. a set of dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. 53 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . the BSS is automatically looking after varying SDCCH traffic and is particularly adapted to the situations such as: change of LA.SDCCH cong. © Alcatel 53 . TCH channels cannot be allocated and. which can be used for TCH traffic. the BSS is automatically looking after varying SDCCH traffic adapted to the situations such as: change of LA. > With the "Dynamic SDCCH allocation" feature.. MC31 The Number of busy SDCCH sub-channels takes into account the SDCCH sub-channels allocated on the static and dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. Average number of busy SDCCH sub-channels allocated on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. then reject SDCCH request (possibly using the Immediate Assignment Reject procedure). C370b.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . an average is done. then subactivate dynamic SDCCH channeland serve request BTS BSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase MC802a&b If allocation was unsuccessful. Average number of busy dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots allocated as TCH (FR or HR).SDCCH cong. Maximum number of busy dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots allocated as TCH (FR or HR). sometimes 1 or 0 and the average is 1. MC390. Example: 3 physical chanels are defined as Dyn SDCCH and the counter give the following indication: MC801a = 1. • C39. • C/MC380a/b C/MC381a/b The Cumulated time (in second) the radio timeslots are allocated for TCH usage (FR or HR) does not take care whether the TCHs are allocated on the TCH radio timeslot or on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. MC370b The Number of times the radio timeslots are allocated for TCH usage (FR / HR) takes into account the busy TCH timeslots and the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots allocated as TCH. If allocation is successful. • C370a.7 > The FOLLOWING COUNTERS ARE IMPACTED BY the Dynamic SDCCH Allocation feature: • MC28. C40. These four previous counters are”Inspection Counters” . Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 54 All rights reserved © 2004. that means than the resource is checked regulary by the BSC and at the end of the period. MC400 The Number of times or the Cumulated time (in second) the SDCCH sub-channels are busy does not take care whether the SDCCH sub-channels are allocated on the static or dynamic SDCCH/x timeslot. Alcatel > SPECIFIC COUNTERS (Type 110 / Cell Level): • • • • • MC800 MC801a MC801b MC802a Average number of available dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. • C/MC320a/b/c/d/e Free TCH radio timeslots count the free TCH timeslots and the free dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots.7 that means sometimes the 3 Dyn SD are allocated as TCH. Resolution? RLE > SDCCH congestion DYNAMIC SDCCH ALLOCATION MS CHANNEL REQUEST (RACH) CHANNEL REQUIRED If No free SDCCH. MC29 The Number of busy radio timeslots in TCH usage takes into account the busy TCH timeslots and the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots allocated as TCH. • C30. then timeslot allocationMC801a&b run dynamic SDCCH/8 algorithm.2. MC802b Maximum number of busy SDCCH sub-channels allocated on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. sometimes only 2 of them. • C/MC34 C/MC380 The Cumulated time (in second) all TCHs / SDCCHs in the cell are busy does not take care whether the TCHs / SDCCHs are allocated on the TCH radio timeslot /SDCCH/x timeslot or on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots. MC370a. © Alcatel 54 . Alcatel © Alcatel 55 .SDCCH radio failure > Main failure cases for Radio Link Establishment Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase SDCCH Access Failure SDCCH SDCCH Congestion Congestion SDCCH SDCCH Radio Failure Radio Failure SDCCH SDCCH BSS Problem BSS Problem Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 55 All rights reserved © 2004.2.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . SDCCH radio access failure RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase MS BTS BSC MSC CHANNEL REQUEST -------------(RACH)------------> CHANNEL REQUIRED ----------------------------------------------> MC8C CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH) <---------------------------------------------. © Alcatel 56 .start T3101 <------------(AGCH)------------MC8B IMMEDIATE ASSIGN -------(SDCCH)-----X T3101expiry->“radio failure” MC149 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 56 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .MC148 CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK ----------------------------------------------> IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <---------------------------------------------. Alcatel > MC149 counts the number of SDCCH access failures due to radio problems.2. 2. the MS will retry as for SDCCH congestion Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 57 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel AGCH RACH > Unbalanced Power Budget: Max Path Loss DL Max Path Loss UL Channel Request BTS > Bad coverage: building Access Grant RACH AGCH lost > Interference: DL interference area © Alcatel 57 .3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .real radio problems RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > real radio problems > Unbalanced cell power budget > Bad coverage (for example a moving car) > Interference (for example downlink) In case of radio failure. RACH" > Channel request received but not sent: 3 causes • Noise decoding • Reception of channel request sent to a neighboring cell • Reception of HO_ACCESS sent to a neighboring cell Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 58 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .Ghost RACH (1/7) RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > "Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy .. Alcatel © Alcatel 58 .2.. there is possibility to filter the Channel Required received from a distance greater than a distance defined as a parameter value: RACH_TA_FILTER tunable on a per cell basis. © Alcatel 59 .2. > In Alcatel BSS. > Indeed the Access Delay being equal to the Timing Advance is coded in slot unit representing a distance of 550m.. It can take values from 0 (0m) to 63 (35km). It may therefore be rather a ghost RACH than a real MS which wants re-establish a call. the establishment cause is valid (Call re-establishment) but the Access Delay (corresponding to the distance between the MS and the BTS) is high. > Thus the Channel Required above is received from an MS located at 19km from the site. Caution should be taken since a too low value may reduce the network coverage.. RACH" > Example of a channel required message Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 59 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . Alcatel > For this Channel Required.Ghost RACH (2/7) RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > "Phantom/Ghost/Spurious/Dummy . 02 % of Rach Frame can be decoded without error without real input signal" (No impact for the system) • • • • BCCH not combined: 51 Rach/Multi Frame > (3600 * 1000) ms / 4.577 = 235ms © Alcatel 60 .Ghost RACH causes (3/7) RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > "Phantom RACH" >noise decoding > GSM 05. high rate of dummy RACH For dummy RACH.08 Erlang SDCCH Dummy Rach load depends on minimum level for decoding configured in Evolium BTS During period with low real traffic (night). Alcatel > Some tips: • • • Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 STRUCTURE of the MULTIFRAME in "TIME SLOT" 0 (Non(Non-combined BCCH) R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R - UPLINK 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 21 31 41 51 1 f s b b b b C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C f s C C C C C C C C .615 ms at 0.2.f s (Multiframes of 51 frames) DOWNLINK f = FCCH s = SCH b = BCCH C C C C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH) R = RACH (Combined BCCH) DOWNLINK FS FS B B C C FS FS C C C C FS FS D0 D0 D1 D1 FS FS D2 D2 D3 D3 FS FS A0 A2 A1 A3 - UPLINK D3 D3 F = FCCH RR RR A2 A0 A3 A1 RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR RRRR RR R RRR R RRR R RR RRRRR R C = CCCH (PCH or AGCH) D0 D0 D1 D1 RR RR D2 D2 S = SCH B = BCCH R = RACH Dn/An Dn/An = SDCCH/SACCH/4 51 multiframe duration = 51 x 8 x 0. the channel required has a random value of TA 60 All rights reserved © 2004.02 %: 156 dummy RACH/hour BCCH combined: 27/51 RACH/Multi-Frame > 83 dummy RACH/hour 3/8 of causes (field of channel request. 5 valid causes over 8) will be unvalid Example of induced SDCCH traffic: (5/8*156*T3101 (3 sec))/3600 = 0.05: " 0.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . Ghost RACH causes (4/7) RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > "Phantom RACH" >noise decoding MS BTS CHANNEL REQUIRED ----------------------------------------------> CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH) <---------------------------------------------CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK ----------------------------------------------> IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND <---------------------------------------------BSC MSC MC8C MC148 IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <-----------.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .2.(AGCH) ------------- start T3101 MC8B T3101expiry ->“radio failure MC149 > No subscriber -> no impact for subscriber > But MC149 incremented -> SDCCH RF access failure is impacted Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 61 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 61 . (A G C H ) ------------- s ta rt T 3 1 0 1 M C 8B T 3 1 0 1 e x p iry -> “ra d io fa ilu re M C 149 > Subscriber not impacted (real transaction performed elsewhere) > But MC149 incremented -> SDCCH RF access failure is impacted > Usual radio planning rules are sufficient to avoid the trouble • 2 cells must not have same (BCCH.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .Ghost RACH causes (5/7) RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > "Phantom RACH" > MS Channel Request sent to the neighboring cell BTS B SC M SC C H A N N E L R E Q U IR E D ----------------------------------------------> C H A N N E L A C T IV A T IO N (S D C C H ) < ---------------------------------------------C H A N N E L A C T IV A T IO N A C K ----------------------------------------------> IM M E D IA T E A S S IG N C O M M A N D < ---------------------------------------------M C 8C M C 148 IM M E D IA T E A S S IG N < -----------. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > BSIC = BCC (3 bit) + NCC (3 bit) BCC: BTS Color Code NCC: Network Color Code © Alcatel 62 .2. BSIC) couple 62 All rights reserved © 2004. 3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .Ghost RACH causes (6/7) RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > "Phantom RACH" > Channel Request due to handover > During HO.2. can be understood as a Channel Request (RACH) > A new case of "Phantom RACH" Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 63 All rights reserved © 2004. the first message sent to the target cell is HO Access > This message is an Access Burst like Channel Request > If received on BCCH. Alcatel © Alcatel 63 . Alcatel © Alcatel 64 . every frame > In some cases.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .Ghost RACH causes (7/7) RLE > SDCCH RF Failure Main causes > "Phantom RACH" > Channel Request due to handover This case is the most dangerous > The MS sends usually a sequence of HO Access message. this can create a phantom RACH if • The frequency of the TCH is identical or adjacent to the one of interfered BCCH > Characteristics of such phantom RACH (Channel Required) • Subsequent frame number • Random.2. but stable timing advance > Can block very easily SDCCH Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 64 All rights reserved © 2004. 2.BSS failure > Main failure cases for Radio Link Establishment Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase SDCCH Access Failure SDCCH SDCCH Congestion Congestion SDCCH SDCCH Radio Failure Radio Failure SDCCH SDCCH BSS Problem BSS Problem Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 65 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . Alcatel © Alcatel 65 . It is better to deduce them from other counters which are easier to implement thus more reliable.MC148 CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK ----------------------------------------------> IMMEDIATE ASSIGN COMMAND IMMEDIATE ASSIGN <---------------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .start T3101 <------------(AGCH)------------MC8B SABM (L3 info) ------------(SDCCH)------------> MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase > No specific counter Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 66 All rights reserved © 2004.2. © Alcatel 66 .BSS problem RLE > BSS problem MS BTS BSC CHANNEL REQUEST -------------(RACH)------------> CHANNEL REQUIRED ----------------------------------------------> MC8C CHANNEL ACTIVATION (SDCCH) <---------------------------------------------. Alcatel > BSS Problems are difficult to specify a priori. (MC01+MC02) .counters RLE counters REQUEST Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase GSM valid causes GPRS causes Radio Link Establishment Request GPRS causes GSM invalid causes GSM valid causes Congestion BSS Pb GSM/GPRS invalid causes MC8C P62C unknown unknown MC04 unknown MC148 ATTEMPT Preparation Failure Preparation SUCCESS Execution Failure Congestion BSS problem Execution Attempt Radio Access Failure BSS Pb Success Radio access failure MC149 MC148 .MC149 MC01+MC02 BSS problem Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 67 All rights reserved © 2004.2. © Alcatel 67 . Alcatel > Statistically a ghost RACH can correspond to any kind of establishment cause: valid and invalid. it will lead to the incrementation of MC149 counter and therefore counted as an SDCCH access failure due to radio.3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment . > As ghost RACH which corresponds to a GSM valid cause will lead to an SDCCH allocation which will not be seized by an MS. 3 Typical call failures Radio Link Establishment .2.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: > GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Assignment Phase • SDNAUR: SDCCH assignment unsuccess rate • SDNACGR: SDCCH assignment failure rate due to congestion (Global) • SDNAFLRR: SDCCH assignment failure rate due to radio • SDNAFLBR: SDCCH assignment failure rate due to BSS problem > A SDCCH radio access failure due to ghost RACH occurrence is easily observed during low traffic hour (night time) since ghost RACHs are almost the only cause of failure. Alcatel > Refer to BSS . © Alcatel 68 .indicators TYPICAL CALL FAILURES: RLE indicators Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase SDNAFLBN SDNAFLRN SDNACGN SDNAFSUN SDNAFLR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 68 All rights reserved © 2004. > CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. > Ciphering: All Information (signaling.OC success Successful SDCCH phase: OC call MS BTS BSC SDCCH Phase : Originating Call case MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AUTHENTICATION REQUEST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Alcatel > Transparent messages (DTAP) are used in order the NSS performs control procedures to enable the MS to set up a speech call.> AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CIPHERING MODE COMMAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.> SETUP < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CALL PROCEEDING > transparent message: no dedicated counters Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 69 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase . > Authentication: Checks that the Mobile Station is the required station and not an intruder. to avoid monitoring and intruders (who could analyze signaling data). © Alcatel 69 . > Setup/Call Processing: call is being processed between the calling Party and the Called Party.2. Speech and Data) is sent in cipher mode. 2. © Alcatel 70 .TC success Successful SDCCH phase: TC call MS BTS BSC SDCCH Phase : Terminating Call case MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AUTHENTICATION REQUEST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.> AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CIPHERING MODE COMMAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase .> CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------SETUP ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.> CALL CONFIRM > transparent message: no dedicated counters Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 70 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > Setup/Call Confirm: the call is being processed between the Calling Party and the Called Party. > LOCATION UPDATE REQUEST < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------AUTHENTICATION REQUEST ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.LU success Successful SDCCH phase: Location Update MS BTS BSC MSC SDCCH Phase : Location Update Case (with TMSI reallocation) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.> CIPHERING MODE COMPLETE < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------LOCATION UPDATE ACCEPT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. Alcatel > Some transparent messages are also exchanged between the MS and the network in case of a Location Update transaction.3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase . © Alcatel 71 .2.> TMSI REALLOCATION COMPLETE Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase > transparent message: no dedicated counters Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 71 All rights reserved © 2004.> AUTHENTICATION RESPONSE < ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CIPHERING MODE COMMAND ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------. © Alcatel 72 .2.drops SDCCH phase Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase > Loss of connection during SDCCH phase = "SDCCH drop" > 3 origins of SDCCH drop • Radio problems when connected on SDCCH • BSS problems • Call lost during an SDCCH HO (handover failure without reversion to old channel) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 72 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase . Alcatel > Generally SDCCH handover are disabled in the network since the average SDCCH duration is only around 2 to 3 seconds. 3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase .> CLEAR REQUEST Cause : radio interface failure Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 73 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > MC138 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to radio problems. > Radio problems can be due to coverage.2.Radio drop SDCCH phase > drop Radio > Connection lost due to Radio problem MS BTS BSC SDCCH Phase established MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase Radio connection lost ---------------------------------------------------. © Alcatel 73 .> MC138 CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION (cause : radio link failure) --------------------------------------. interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a system alarm the by O&M Fault Management application. 3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase .2. Alcatel > MC137 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to BSS problems. > A BSS problem can be a BTS/BSC hardware or software failure.> CLEAR REQUEST Cause : O&M intervention Cause : radio interface failure Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 74 All rights reserved © 2004. It can also be due to a problem on the Abis interface (due to Micro Wave transmission for instance).BSS drop SDCCH phase > drop BSS > Connection lost due BSS problem MS BTS BSC SDCCH Phase established MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase MC137 --------------------------------------. © Alcatel 74 . © Alcatel 75 .HO drop SDCCH phase > drop HO > Connection lost during Handover MS BTS BSC SDCCH Phase established MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase HO FAILURE WITHOUT REVERSION MC07 --------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase .2. Alcatel > MC07 counts the number of SDCCH channel drops due to handover failure.> CLEAR REQUEST Radio Interface Message Failure (Alcatel) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 75 All rights reserved © 2004. 2. Alcatel © Alcatel 76 .counters SDCCH phase counters SDCCH connection Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase Normal release TCH assignment phase SDCCH drop SDCCH Phase SDCCH connection MC01+MC02+MC10 Drop radio Drop BSS Drop HO MC138 MC137 MC07 Drop radio SDCCH Drop Drop BSS Drop HO Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 76 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase . 2.3 Typical call failures SDCCH phase .DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: > GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Established phase • SDCDR: SDCCH drop rate (Global) • SDCDRR: SDCCH drop rate due to radio problem • SDCDBR: SDCCH drop rate due to BSS Problem • SDCDHR: SDCCH drop rate due to HO failure © Alcatel 77 .indicators SDCCH phase indicators Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase SDCDBN SDCDRN SDCDHN SDCDR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 77 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > Refer to BSS . Alcatel > MC703 counts the number of TCH channels activated (therefore allocated) in a cell.> CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE < ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures TCH assignment .> ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase TCH > T3107: guard timer for TCH assignment Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 78 All rights reserved © 2004. > MC140b counts the number of normal assignment commands for TCH establishment. • the queue for this cell is not empty.> < ---------------------ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------. > MC718 counts the number of MSs which have successfully accessed a TCH in a cell as part of a call establishment (Normal Assignment). > MC460a is a counter for type 110: NB_TCH_EMERGENCY_HO_PRESERVATION: Definition: Number of high priority TCH requests served when: • the number of free TCH timeslots is less than or equal to NUM_TCH_EGNCY_HO.> SABM -------------------------------------------------------.2. > Both counters in order to discriminate BSS problems in Preparation and Execution phases.Start T3107 MC140b (SDCCH) ASSIGNMENT COMMAND ---------------------. MC140b and MC460 are given at Cell level © Alcatel 78 . > Both counters are implemented at TRX level.success TCH assignment success case MS BTS BSC MSC TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) MC140a < ----------------------------------ASSIGNMENT REQUEST < -------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST -------------------------------------------------------.> Stop T3107 ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE MC718 ----------------------------------.> PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM < -------------------------------------------------------. > MC140a. > MC140a counts the number of normal assignment requests for TCH establishment.MC703 MC460a CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH) -------------------------------------------------------. B. © Alcatel 79 . E whenever – – – – – Queuing is not allowed Queue is Full T11 expires RTCH request is removed from the queue due to a higher priority request to be queued No Abis-TCH resource is available 79 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > C612E: Number of 08.08 ASSIGNMENT REQUEST for TCH normal assignment rejected due to congestion on the Abis interface.TCH congestion TCH assignment > congestion MS BTS BSC MSC TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) < ----------------------------------------------ASSIGNMENT REQUEST MC812 -----------------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures TCH assignment . MC812 = C612A+C612B+C612C+C612D+C612E of PM Type 1. MC612C. MC612D also exist in PM Type 110. MC612B.> ASSIGNMENT FAILURE Cause No Radio Resource Available Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase No RTCH available on requested cell > 5 causes of congestion ⇒ 5 counters: C612A. D.2. C. > A TCH request is attached a Priority Level from 1 (highest priority) to 14 (lowest priority). (from B8) > Therefore B6 counter MC612 is replaced by MC812 from B7. > But as C612E was in restriction in B8 (always = 0) then MC812(B7) = MC612(B6) > MC612A. 3 Typical call failures TCH assignment . Alcatel > MC746B counts the number of TCH access failures due to radio problems.Start T3107 (SDCCH) ASSIGNMENT COMMAND SABM ----(TCH)------X T3107 Expiry MC746B ----------------------------------.MC703 CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH) -------------------------------------------------------.> CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE < ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------. > MC746B counter is implemented at TRX level from B7.2.> PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM < -------------------------------------------------------. © Alcatel 80 .radio failure TCH assignment > radio failure > Radio problem MS BTS BSC MSC TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) < ----------------------------------MC140a ASSIGNMENT REQUEST < -------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST -------------------------------------------------------.> ASSIGNMENT FAILURE Radio interface failure Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase MC140b Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 80 All rights reserved © 2004. On the other hand some MSCs may resend the ASSIGNMENT REQUEST again. the MS will try to revert back to the SDCCH channel. Whether it succeeds in reverting to the SDCCH or not the call establishment fails. > In case of TCH access failure. BSS problem TCH assignment > BSS problem > BSS problem (Abis.> PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM < -------------------------------------------------------. © Alcatel 81 .2.Start T3107 MC140b (SDCCH) ASSIGNMENT COMMAND SABM ----(TCH)---.> Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase No specific counter MC14B Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 81 All rights reserved © 2004. BTS/BSC HW or SW) MS BTS BSC MSC TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) < ----------------------------------MC140a ASSIGNMENT REQUEST < -------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST -------------------------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures TCH assignment . Alcatel > The number of TCH Assignment failures due to BSS Pb can be correctly deduced and distinguished for preparation and execution phases from B8 with the 2 counters MC140a and MC140b.> CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE < ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------. (see the next slide) > B7 counters MC14b has been removed.MC703 CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH) -------------------------------------------------------. 2. Alcatel © Alcatel 82 .3 Typical call failures TCH assignment .counters TCH assignment counters ATTEMPT REQUEST Preparation Failure Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase SUCCESS Radio access failure TCH Assignment Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio Access Failure BSS Pb Success Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 Execution Failure Congestion BSS problem BSS problem MC140a MC812 MC140a-MC140b-MC812 MC140b MC746b MC140b-MC718-MC746b MC718 82 All rights reserved © 2004. • TCNAAFLRR = RTCH_assign_allocated_fail_radio_rate (RNO name) = MC746B / MC703 – Rate of RTCH seizures failed during the normal assignment procedure because of radio problems in relation to all RTCHs allocated for TCH assignment procedure. © Alcatel 83 . > This will help a lot to detect bad QOS due to TRX hardware related problem.indicators TCH Assignment indicators Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase TCNAFLBN TCNAFLRN TCNACGN TCAHCAN TCNAUR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 83 All rights reserved © 2004.2. > From B7.2 some indicators can be provided on a per TRX basis due to the availability of counters provided per TRX in Type 110: • TCNAEFR = RTCH_assign_efficiency_rate (RNO name) = MC718 / MC703 – Rate of successful RTCH seizures in relation to all RTCHs allocated.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS > GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > RTCH > Assignment Phase • TCNAUR: TCH assignment unsuccess rate (Global) • TCNACGR: TCH assignment failure rate due to congestion • TCNAFLRR: TCH assignment failure rate due to radio problems • TCNAFLBR: TCH assignment failure rate due to BSS Problems.3 Typical call failures TCH assignment . during the TCH assignment procedure. Alcatel > Refer to BSS . > C HANNEL ACTIVATION AC KNO W LEDG E Call Setup TC H ---------------------. a call is established when the MS has successfully accessed a TCH channel on the Air interface. © Alcatel 84 . no specific counters • TCH DROP: any problems occurring after TCH assignment (during or after connection) cannot be discriminated Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 84 All rights reserved © 2004.> CONNECT < --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CONNECT ACK • Transparent messages for BSS. > Thus the Call setup phase is shorter and the Call phase is longer in the BSS.> SAB M < ---------------------UA Call Setup Start T3107 < ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------(SDCCH ) ASSIG NM EN T CO M M AN D -------------------------------------------------------. > For the NSS.success TCH phase: MS > OC BTS BSC Alerting Connection Phase (OC case) : ringing phase MSC < --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALERTING < --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CONNECT --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.2.> ESTABLISH IND ICATIO N ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------. > Therefore Call Setup Success rate is worse in the NSS and the Call Drop rate is worse in the BSS.> ALERTING --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.> ASSIG NM EN T CO M PLETE Call phase < --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ALERT ING < --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CO NN ECT ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------> CO NNECT ACK Call phase > The Call setup phase and the Stable call phase are not corresponding between the BSS and the NSS. a call is established when the speech data exchanged is started between end users.> PHYSICAL C ON TEXT CO NFIRM < -------------------------------------------------------CHANN EL AC TIVATIO N (TCH) -------------------------------------------------------.3 Typical call failures TCH phase . Alcatel MS BTS BSC M SC TC H ASSIG N MENT PH ASE (O C or TC) < ----------------------------------ASSIG NM ENT REQ UEST < -------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CO N TEXT REQ UEST -------------------------------------------------------.> CONNECT ACK Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase MS > TC BTS BSC Alerting Connection Phase : TC case MSC --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------.> ASSIG NM ENT C OM PLETE Stop T3107 ----------------------------------. > For the BSS. > Radio problems can be due to coverage.radio drop TCH phase > drop radio > Radio problem MS Radio problem -------------------------------------------------------. interference and sometimes BSS dysfunction which is not detected as a system alarm by the O&M Fault Management application.3 Typical call failures TCH phase . © Alcatel 85 . Alcatel > MC736 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to radio problems.> Cause radio link failure CLEAR REQUEST Cause radio interface failure (alcatel) BTS BSC Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 85 All rights reserved © 2004. > MC736 counter is implemented at TRX level.2.> MC736 CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION --------------------------------------. 3 Typical call failures TCH phase . © Alcatel 86 .remote TC drop TCH phase > drop TC > Remote TransCoder problem MS Radio problem -------------------------------------------------------. Alcatel > MC739 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to BSS problems reported as "remote TransCoder failure". > MC739 counter is implemented at TRX level.2. > It can usually be a bad quality of the transmission on the Abis interface (Micro Wave) or a faulty hardware component in the TransCoder or even sometimes BSS software/hardware problems.> Remote transcoder failure CLEAR REQUEST Equipment failure BTS BSC Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 86 All rights reserved © 2004.> MC739 CONNECTION FAILURE INDICATION --------------------------------------. 2. © Alcatel 87 .BSS internal drop TCH phase > drop BSS internal > Other internal BSS problem (excluding TC) MS BTS BSC Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase MC14C --------------------------------------.> CLEAR REQUEST O&M intervention Radio interface failure Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 87 All rights reserved © 2004. > A BSS problem can be a BTS/BSC hardware or software failure.3 Typical call failures TCH phase . Alcatel > MC14C counts the number of TCH channel drops due to BSS problems other than the ones reported by the TransCoder. 3 Typical call failures TCH phase . > MC621 counter is implemented at TRX level.2. Alcatel > MC621 counts the number of TCH channel drops due to Handover failure. © Alcatel 88 .> CLEAR REQUEST Radio Interface Message Failure (Alcatel) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 88 All rights reserved © 2004. > This event is also counted in the set of Handover counters as an Outgoing handover failure without reversion to the old channel.HO drop TCH phase > drop HO > Handover failure MS BTS BSC Alerting Connection Phase or Communication : at any time MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase HO FAILURE WITHOUT REVERSION MC621 --------------------------------------. 2.3 Typical call failures TCH phase - preemption drop TCH phase > drop preemption > TCH preempted MS BTS BSC Alerting Connection Phase of a call with priority level pl2 and preemption vulnerability indicator pvi=1 no TCH free MSC Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase ASSIGNMENT REQUEST <--------------------------------------Priority level pl1 > pl2 preemption capability indicator pci=1 MC921C --------------------------------------- > CLEAR REQUEST preemption Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 89 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > MC921C counts the number of TCH channel drops due to preemption for another call to be established. > MC921C counter exists from B7 as linked to the feature Preemption. © Alcatel 89 2.3 Typical call failures TCH phase - counters TYPICAL CALL FAILURES: TCH phase counters TCH connection Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase NSS abnormal release Normal release TCH Phase TCH connection Outgoing HO success Outgoing HO success Call drop MC718+MC717A+MC717B MC712 MC736 MC739 MC14C MC621 MC921C unknown unknown Call drop preemption Call drop Drop radio Drop TC Drop internal BSS Drop HO Drop preemption Call drop radio Call drop BSS Call drop HO TC Normal release NSS abnormal release BSS internal Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 90 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 90 2.3 Typical call failures TCH phase - call drop rate TYPICAL CALL FAILURES: TCH phase indicators > Call drop rate = call drop / RTCH success end Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase BSS1 Incoming internal HO+DR BSS2 outgoing HO Incoming external HO+DR TCH assignment > RTCH success end = RTCH assignment success + RTCH incoming (HO+DR) success - RTCH outgoing HO Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 91 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > QSCDN > > > > = call drop = drop radio + drop TC + drop internal BSS + drop HO + drop Preemption = MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C TCQHCCN = RTCH success end = assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success - outgoing HO = MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B) - MC712 As MC718, MC717A, MC717B and MC712 are provided per TRX, the “RTCH success end” indicator (TCAHCCN) can be computed per TRX. But since only MC736 (drop radio), MC739 (drop TC) and MC621 (drop HO) are provided per TRX, the “call drop rate” indicator (QSCDR) can be computed per CELL only. On the other hand the following call drop indicators can be computed per TRX: • call drop radio rate (QSCDRR) = call drop radio / RTCH success end • call drop HO rate (QSCDHR) = call drop HO / RTCH success end • call drop TC rate (QSCDBTR) = call drop TC / RTCH success end > Note: • MC718 counts the number of successful TCH assignments. • MC717A counts the number of successful internal DRs. • MC717B counts the number of successful incoming internal and external (HOs+DR) as well as the number of intra cell HOs successfully performed. • MC712 counts the number of successful outgoing internal and external HOs as well as the number of intra cell HOs successfully performed. © Alcatel 91 2.3 Typical call failures TCH phase - RTCH drop rate TYPICAL CALL FAILURES: TCH phase indicators > RTCH drop rate = call drop / RTCH success begin Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase BSS1 Incoming internal HO+DR IntraIntra-cell HO BSS2 outgoing HO Incoming external HO+DR TCH assignment > RTCH success begin = RTCH assignment success + RTCH incoming (HO+DR) success - RTCH intra cell HO success Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 92 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel = call drop = drop radio + drop TC + drop internal BSS + drop HO + drop Preemption = MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C > TCQHSUBN = RTCH success begin = assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success - intra cell HO = MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B) - MC662 > As MC662 is not provided per TRX, the “RTCH success begin” indicator (TCAHSUBN) cannot be computed per TRX but per CELL only. > Therefore all “RTCH drop rate” indicators can be computed per CELL only. > Note: • MC662 counts the number of successful TCH intracell HOs. > QSCDN © Alcatel 92 2.3 Typical call failures TCH phase - TRX TCH drop rate TYPICAL CALL FAILURES: TCH phase indicators > TRX TCH drop rate = call drop / RTCH success Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase BSS1 Incoming internal HO+DR Intra-cell HO Intra- BSS2 outgoing HO Incoming external HO+DR TCH assignment > RTCH success = RTCH assignment success + RTCH incoming (HO+DR) success Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 93 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > QSCDN > > > > > = call drop = drop radio + drop TC + drop internal BSS + drop HO + drop Preemption = MC736 + MC739 + MC14C + MC621 + MC921C TCAHSUN = RTCH success = assignment success + incoming (HO+DR) success = MC718 + (MC717A+MC717B) Whereas some call drop rate indicators are defined per TRX and per CELL, TRX RTCH drop rate indicators are defined at TRX level only. As MC718, MC717A, MC717B are provided per TRX, the “RTCH success” indicator (TCAHSUN) can be computed per TRX. But since only MC736 (drop radio), MC739 (drop TC) and MC621 (drop HO) are provided per TRX, a global“TRX RTCH drop rate” indicator cannot be provided. On the other hand, the following TRX RTCH drop indicators can be computed: • TRX_RTCH_drop_radio_rate (TCAHCDRTR) = call drop radio / RTCH success • TRX_RTCH_drop_HO_rate (TCHOCDTR) = call drop HO / RTCH success • TRX_RTCH_drop_BSS_remote_TC_rate (TCTRTCDTR) = call drop TC / RTCH success > CAUTION: Intra-cell HO being counted in MC717B and not deduced in the RTCH success computation in order to provide the TRX RTCH drop indicators at TRX level then these indicators may be abnormally low (good) if a large amount of intra-cell HOs are performed in the cell (concentric cell, multiband cell). © Alcatel 93 > Refer to BSS - DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS > call drop indicators: all of them are available per CELL only and some of them per TRX • GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > Call Statistics > Call drop – QSCDR: call drop rate (Global): CELL – QSCDRR: call drop rate due to radio: CELL + TRX – QSCDBIR: call drop rate due to BSS internal problem: CELL – QSCDBTR: call drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem: CELL + TRX – QSCDHR: call drop rate due to HO failure: CELL + TRX – QSCDPR: call drop rate due to preemption: CELL > RTCH drop indicators: all of them are available per CELL only • GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > RTCH > Established phase – QSTCCDR: RTCH drop rate – TCAHCDRR: RTCH drop rate due to radio problem – TCTRICDBR: RTCH drop rate due to BSS internal problem – TCTRTCDR: RTCH drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem – TCHOCDR: RTCH drop rate due to HO failure – TCPPCDR: RTCH drop rate due to preemption > TRX TCH drop indicators: all of them are available per TRX only • GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > RTCH > Established phase – TCAHCDRTR: TRX TCH drop rate due to radio problem – TCTRTCDTR: TRX TCH drop rate due to TransCoder reported problem – TCHOCDTR: TRX TCH drop rate due to HO failure © Alcatel 94 2.3 Typical call failures summary TYPICAL CALL FAILURES: summary call stage radio link establishment SDCCH phase A interface no message cause field Radio Link Establishment SDCCH Phase TCH assignment Alerting/CNX Phase related problem - SDCCH congestion - radio problem -Dummy rach - radioproblem - BSS system HW/SW pb -recovery/operator - TCH congestion - Radioproblem - radioproblem - HOfailure w/oreversion - Transcoderfailure - operator action/recovery - BSS system HW/SW pb -preemption TCHassignment - radio interface failure - radio interface failure - O&M intervention Assignment Failure - no radioresourceavalaible - Radio Interface Failure - radio interface failure - radio interface message failure - equipmentfailure - O&M intervention - radio interface failure preemption ClearRequest Alerting/connection Clear Request callestablished LAPD counter to analyze the cause of call establishment failures Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 95 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > When the BSC is congested on the downlink, some messages are discarded. This may result for example in call establishment failures, loss of paging messages or delay in handover procedures. A LapD counter that indicates the time a LapD link is congested is created to analyze the cause of a degraded quality of service. This counter is implemented in type 7 and thus is only available in a detailed measurement campaign. • Counter: L1.18: TIME_LAPD_CONG • Definition: Time in seconds during which the LapD link is congested in transmission in the BSC. © Alcatel 95 2 GLOBAL INDICATORS 2. Alcatel © Alcatel 96 .4 Description of global indicators All rights reserved © 2004. 4 Description of global indicators recall > Global Indicators are • A set of indicators selected by Alcatel • Useful to monitor the overall network > What are the user and or system impacts if a GI (Global Indicator) is bad? Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 97 All rights reserved © 2004.2. Alcatel © Alcatel 97 . e. i. it is important to provide it at a Network level. or HO access on a nearby cell side effect or interference on the carrier handling SDCCH (the last 2 can lead to high rate of « phantom RACH ») SDNACGR % UNIT REF NAME > SDCCH CONGESTION rate: may have impact for subscriber • Call setup failure only after 3 subsequent congestions • If not. © Alcatel 98 .2. only some extra delay for call establishment – – (less than 1 second) without immediate_assign_reject Can be longer with reject (but usually short values are used for call request) 98 All rights reserved © 2004.4 Description of global indicators SDCCH congestion rate (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT SDCCH ASSIGN CONG FAIL RATE Rate of SDCCH not allocated during radio link establishment procedure due to congestion on the Air interface Σ cell(MC04) / SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS > 5% Check SDCCH Erlang : if not critical. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME SDCCH ASSIGN REQUESTS Number of SDCCH seizure requests during radio link establishment procedure Σcell (MC148 + MC04) This includes requests rejected due to congestion on SDCCH SDNARQN UNIT Number > (G) means that the indicator is Global. SDCCH availability/allocation problem. Alcatel > Refer to BSS .4 Description of global indicators SDCCH congestion rate SDCCH CONGESTION rate SDNARQN SDCGMR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 99 All rights reserved © 2004.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS • GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > SDCCH > Assignment phase – SDNACGR: SDCCH assignment failure rate due to congestion (Global) © Alcatel 99 .2. LU.2.) Σ (MC138 + MC07 + MC137) / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS cell > 4% Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop BSS SDCDR % UNIT > SDCCH DROP rate > User impact: call setup failure Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 100 All rights reserved © 2004. TC. Indeed the probablity to drop a radio link when the MS is on SDCCH is less than on TCH since the SDCCH phase is shorter (less than 5 seconds) than TCH phase (several tens of seconds). Alcatel INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Total number of SDCCHs successfully seized by mobile during radio link establishment procedure Σcell (MC01 + MC02) SDNASUN UNIT Number > In a dense network SDCCH drop rate should be lower than 1%.4 Description of global indicators SDCCH drop rate (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD > COMMENT REF NAME SDCCH DROP RATE Rate of dropped SDCCH (SDCCH is established for any transaction OC.etc. © Alcatel 100 . the TCH assignment unsucess rate should be lower a 1%.2 THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS RATE Rate of unsuccessful RTCH seizures for normal assignment purpose (congestion + HO&radio failures) (TCH ASSIGN REQUESTS – TCH ASSIGN SUCCESS) / TCH ASSIGN REQUESTS > 3% TCNAUR UNIT % > TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS rate: • congestion • radio problem • BSS problems Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 101 All rights reserved © 2004.4 Description of global indicators TCH assign unsuccess rate (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA B7. Σ c e ll M C140a REF NAM E INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA B8 THRESHOLD COM M ENT REF NAM E TCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Number of TCH successfully seized by M S for normal assignment procedure.2. Alcatel > In a dense network. Σ TRX (M C718) TCNASUN UNIT Number © Alcatel 101 . M C 1 4 0 a ( ty p e 1 1 0 ) : N B _ T C H _ N O R _ A S S _ R E Q th a t in d ic a te s th e n u m b e r o f n o r m a l a s s ig n m e n t r e q u e s ts f o r T C H e s ta b lis h m e n t ( in H R o r F R u s a g e ) TCNARQN U N IT N um ber T C H A S S IG N R E Q U E S T S N u m b e r o f T C H s e iz u re re q u e s ts fo r n o r m a l a ss ig n m e n t p r o c e d u re . IN D IC A T O R D E F IN IT IO N FORM ULA B8 TH R ESH O LD CO M M ENT M C 1 4 0 a : n e w c o u n te r in tr o d u c e d in B 8 r e le a s e . 4 Description of global indicators Global radio congestion level (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT GLOBAL RADIO CONGESTION LEVEL Global radio congestion level : number or rate of cells recurrently congested COUNT_OF_CELLS (AVERAGE (MAX (TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE)) > 2%)) According to operator This indicator reports the global radio congestion rate on the network. QSCGR Number UNIT REF NAME > GLOBAL RADIO CONGESTION LEVEL (TCH congestion rate) • • Subscriber impact: call setup failure More a management indicator: % of network which has congestion 102 All rights reserved © 2004. or over BH of weeks for a month COUNT_OF_CELL is a function counting the number of cells for which condition between () is : respected.2. © Alcatel 102 . or the rate of cells over the total number of cells in the network or area. > It is implemented on the Alcatel tools but other indicators can be defined. The number of cells can be used as indicator. MAX (TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE) : is the peak of failures due to congestion observed during the period (the day normally). that is over BH : of days for a week. We define a specific indicator counting the number of cells that are in congestion in a recurrent manner. See the definition of TCH ASSIGN FAIL CONG RATE in the Quality of Service chapter) AVERAGE is an averaging function of the blocking rate over the selected period. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > This counter intends to give a measurement of the TCH congestion of the whole network. This new counter in B7 is per TRX.2 QSTCCDR UNIT % REF NAME > The TRX TCH drop radio rate is defined below: INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME TRX TCH DROP RADIO RATE Rate of TCHs dropped due to radio problems. Alcatel > In a dense network.2. C136 and C21. MC736 and MC621 derive from B6 counters C139. MC739. It should even go down to 1% or less in case Slow Frequency Hopping is used. per TRX (MC736) / TCH SUCCESS > 3% New from B7 MC736 derives from B6 counters C136. C136 and C21. > The RTCH drop rate is defined below: INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT GLOBAL TCH DROP Rate of TCHs dropped (system + radio + handover + preemption) over the total amount of calls established in the cell Σcell (MC14c + MC739 + MC736 + MC621+ MC921c) / TCH SUCCESS BEGIN > 3% Drop System + Drop radio + Drop HO + Drop preemption Indicator relevant at cell level mostly.2 QSCDR UNIT % > CALL DROP rate: The most important indicator • Used with call setup success rate to compare PLMN (GSM and other one) • Subscribers impact: call drop!! Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 103 All rights reserved © 2004. These new counters are per TRX MC921c is new in B7. the Call Drop Rate should be lower than 2%. These new counters REF NAME are per TRX MC921c was new in B7.4 Description of global indicators Call drop rate (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT CALL DROP RATE Rate of dropped calls (system +radio+ HO +preemption) over the total amount of calls with a successful end Scell (MC621 + MC14c + MC736 + MC739 + MC921c) / TCH SUCCESS END > 4% Drop system + Drop radio + Drop HO + Droppreemption TCH drops occurring after successful assignment but before speech connection are considered as call drops even if from the customer point of view it is a call setup failure MC739. Indicator only per TRX because intracell handovers are taken into account TCAHCDRTR UNIT % © Alcatel 103 . MC736 and MC621 derive from B6 counters C139. © Alcatel 104 . > The SDCCH congestion rate should also be considered to have a complete picture of Call Setup efficiency. that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP neither by Assignment failures (1 – ( SDCCH DROP / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS ) ) * (1 TCH ASSIGN UNSUCCESS RATE) REF NAME > 95% SDCCH assignment failures are not considered in CSSR as : · ghost (spurious) RACH cannot be discriminated from a real access failure · effect of re-attempts performed autonomously by the MS cannot be quantified QSCSSR % UNIT > CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate: the second most important indicator • • Used to compare PLMN Subscriber: call not established at the first attempt > Beware: call setup failures due to a lack of coverage are not taken into account in this indicator!! – No way to quantify them (as there is no initial access) 104 All rights reserved © 2004.2. Therefore they can lead to a high SDCCH assignment failure rate if they are too numerous. the Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 98%. the SDCCH assignment phase is not considered in the computation of the Call Setup Success rate provided by Alcatel tools. > In a dense network. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > Ghost Racks which correspond to a valid establishment cause are not identified by the BSS.4 Description of global indicators Call setup success rate (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE (BSS view) Rate of calls going until TCH successful assignment. > As the end user is not impacted by this phenomenon if no SDCCH congestion is induced. Alcatel > In a dense network. © Alcatel 105 . that is not interrupted by SDCCH DROP.2. the Call Setup Success Rate should be greater than 97%. neither by Assignment Failures nor by CALL DROP (CALL SETUP SUCCESS RATE) * (1 – CALL DROP RATE) < 92% QSCCR UNIT % > CALL SUCCESS rate: > 1 call success = • 1 call successfully established • Without any call drop Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 105 All rights reserved © 2004.4 Description of global indicators Call success rate (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME CALL SUCCESS RATE (BSS view) Rate of calls going until normal release . 2.4 Description of global indicators Call (setup) success rate CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate CALL SUCCESS rate TCAHSUN QSCCR QSCSSR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 106 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > Refer to BSS .DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS • GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS > Call statistics > Call success – QSCSSR: Call setup success rate (Global) – QSCCR: Call success rate (Global) © Alcatel 106 . Interband. UL/DL Lev. HCSTEMIR. HCSTELVUR. Distance. Level UL > 20%. HCSTEQLDR. HCMCBCPR.2 HO CAUSE DISTRIBUTION Distribution of Handover attempts by cause X : UL/DL Qual. HCSTEDIR. HCSTEIFDR. HCSTBTFR UNIT % > Indicator aiming at measuring the efficiency of planning /optimization Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 107 All rights reserved © 2004. Micro cells HO. HCSTEQLUR.4 Description of global indicators Handover cause distribution (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA B7. UL/DL Interference. HCSTELVDR.2. HCMBBCPR. AMR. TFO causes. Better Cell. HCMCELVUR. Σ cell (MC67w or MC785x or MC586y or MC10zz or MC447 or MC461) Σcell (MC67all + MC785all + MC586all + MC10all + MC447 + MC461) MC67all = MC671+MC672+MC673+MC674+MC675+MC676+MC677+MC678+MC679 +MC670 MC785all = MC785a + MC785d + MC785e + MC785f (microcell) MC586all = MC586a + MC586b + MC586c (concentric) MC10all = MC1040 + MC1044 + MC1050 THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME Quality DL > 10%. Concentric cell. Better Cell < 30% HCSTBPBR. HCCCELVDR. HCSTBDRR. Qual UL > 10%. Traffic. HCMCELVDR. HCSTEIFUR. HCCCBCPR. Interf DL > 5%. Alcatel © Alcatel 107 . HCSTAMR. Level DL > 20% Interf UL > 5%. HCMCEBSR. HCCCELVUR. HCSTEQLDSR. HCSTEIFUSR. HCSTELVSR. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > The Global HO cause standard indicator is defined as below: • where: – MC670: Number of handover attempts cause 2: "uplink quality too low" – MC672: Number of handover attempts cause 4: ”downlink quality too low" – MC671: Number of handover attempts cause 3: "uplink level too low" – MC673: Number of handover attempts cause 5: "downlink level too low" – MC676: Number of handover attempts cause 15: "too high uplink interference level" – MC677: Number of handover attempts cause 16: "too high downlink interference level" – MC678: Number of handover attempts cause 12: "too low power budget" – MC674: Number of handover attempts cause 6: "MS-BTS distance too long" © Alcatel 108 . high interference and MS-BTS distance too long. HCSTEDISR UNIT % > Indicator aiming at measuring the efficiency of planning / optimization > Interesting for comparing HO distribution after concentric or micro cell implementation 108 All rights reserved © 2004. HCSTEIFSR. HCSTELVUSR. HCSTEQLUSR. level too low. HCSTELVDSR. HCSTEQLSR. quality too low.2 Σ cell ( (MC67x) / GLOBAL HO CAUSE STANDARD) MC67x = MC670 or MC672 or MC671 or MC673 or MC676 or MC677 or MC678 or MC674 or (MC670+MC672) or (MC671+MC673) or (MC676+M677) THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME DISTRIBUTION HO CAUSE STANDARD Distribution of Handover attempts by standard cause : Power Budget. HCSTBPBSR. HCSTEIFDSR.4 Description of global indicators Handover standard cause distribution (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA B7.2. DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS • Handover statistics INDICATORS > Handover causes – HCXXYYYYR: Rate of specific HO cause xxyyyy versus all HO causes (Global) – where XX = ST (standard) or MC (micro cell) or CC (concentric cell) or MB (multi band) – and YYYY is specific to the cause © Alcatel 109 . Alcatel > Refer to BSS .4 Description of global indicators Handover cause distribution HANDOVER CAUSE rates HCSTEIFR HCSTEQLR HCSTELVR HCSTEDMR HCSTBPBR HCMCR HCCC TMHOSR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 109 All rights reserved © 2004.2. 2. © Alcatel 110 . It does not take into account the HO failures that can occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and activated. Alcatel % Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > Global Outgoing HO success rate: represents the global efficiency ot the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). > From B7 MC645A replaces MC645 of B6. HOOREFR UNIT 110 All rights reserved © 2004. HOORSUR UNIT % > Success rate of execution of Outgoing HO (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME EFFICIENCY OF OUTGOING HANDOVER EXECUTION Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers Σcell (MC646 + MC656) /Σcell (MC650 + MC660) < 90% This indicator takes into account HO execution only (not ho preparation).4 Description of global indicators Outgoing handover success rate > Global success rate of Outgoing HO (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA B7. > Efficiency of Outgoing HO execution: represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not).2 THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME OUTGOING HO SUCCESS RATE Rate of successful outgoing external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH handovers Σcell (MC646 + MC656) / Σcell (MC645a + MC655a) < 90% This indicator includes preparation and execution. © Alcatel 111 . HOIREFR UNIT 111 All rights reserved © 2004.4 Description of global indicators Incoming handover success rate > Global success rate of Incoming HO (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME INCOMING HANDOVER SUCCESS RATE Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCHhandovers. > Efficiency of Incoming HO execution: represents the efficiency of the channel change procedure during incoming handovers performed to one cell from any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). Σcell(MC642 + MC652) /Σcell(MC820 + MC830) < 90% HOIRSUR UNIT % > Success rate of execution of Incoming HO (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME EFFICIENCY OF INCOMING HANDOVERS Rate of successful incoming external and internal intercell SDCCH and TCH HOs Σcell (MC642 + MC652) /Σcell(MC821 + MC831) < 90% Excluding congestion failures and BSS preparation failures from requests. Alcatel % Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > Global Incoming HO success rate: represents the global efficiency of the incoming handovers performed to one cell from any of its neighboring cells (same BSS or not). It does not take into account the HO failures that can occur during the preparation phase when the new channel is being selected and activated.2. 2.4 Description of global indicators Call quality factor absolute (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION CELL QUALITY FACTOR ABSOLUTE Indicator summarizing the cell behavior and allowing the operator to sort out cell for investigation.This indicator is based on failure events. For each part of the indicator, twothresholds are used: Topt and TQoS. TQoS is the QoS warning threshold (e.g. above or belowthe threshold, a warning is generated on the cell. Topt + TQoS is the optimal value that should be acheived. Each part as a weighting factor (WF) according to the impact on the subscriber’s point of view. FORMULA THRESHOLD ((1 – SDCCH CONGESTION rate) - T)/ Topt * WF QoS + (CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate - QoS)/ Topt *WF T + ((1 – CALL DROP rate -QoS)/ Topt * WF T + (OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate QoS)/ Topt * WF -T + ((1 – HO QUALITY rate - T )/ Topt * WF QoS SDCCH CONGESTION rate :QoS= 0.97, opt 0.03, WF = 0.1 T T= CALL SETUP SUCCESS rate : T = 0.9, Tpt 0.09, WF = 0.2 QoS o= CALL DROP rate : T oS= 0.96, opt 0.04, WF = 0.3 T= Q T= OUTGOING HO SUCCESS rate :QoS= 0.85, opt 0.12, WF = 0.15 T HO QUALITY rate : QoS= 0.85, opt 0.1, WF = 0.25 T T= QSCQAR UNIT % investigation. This indicator is based on failure events. For each part of the indicator, two COMMENT REF NAME > The highest, the best is the cell > But the traffic handled is not taken into account Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 112 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > This counter intends to compute for every cell of the network a global indicator taking into account the major causes of bad Quality of Service. > Each cause is weighted according to the impact on the end user. © Alcatel 112 2.4 Description of global indicators Call quality factor relative (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION CELL QUALITY FACTOR RELATIVE This indicator is the Cell Quality Factor Absolute weighted by the cell traffic.Investigation should be done in priority on the cell having a high rate of failures with high traffic (the traffic is the rate of traffic handled by the cell over the total network traffic – traffic is TCH seizure attempts) CQFA * ((MC15a + MC15b + MC703) / (MC15a + MC15b + MC703) cell network) FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME N/A QSCQRR UNIT % > For optimization > Try to improve cells with the worst CQFR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 113 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > Normalizing the previous Cell Quality Factor Absolute by the traffic of the cell will allow to compare the QoS of the cell between each other and raise the list of top worst cells candidate for analysis. > From B7, MC703 replaces MC16 of B6. © Alcatel 113 2.4 Description of global indicators Network TCH availability (G) INDICATOR DEFINITION FORMULA THRESHOLD COMMENT REF NAME NETWORK (TCH) AVAILABILITY Rate of TCHs able to carry traffic (upon the total number of traffic channels) (Σcell (MC250) / #Available TCH) < 95% #Available TCH : according to channel configuration TCAVAR UNIT % > Management indicator, maintenance oriented, assessing • Quantity of stability problems • Reaction time to problems Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 114 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 114 2.4 Description of global indicators Exercise Indicator 1- SDCCH congestion 2- Call drop 3- Call success 4- Efficiency of outgoing HO 5- Network TCH availability 6- TCH assignment failure 7- Call drop 8- SDCCH drop 9- HO cause distribution (ratio of better cell) 10- Call success 11- SDCCH drop value 10% 5% 95% 91% 94% 2,4 % 2,3 % 2% 45% 88% 1% OK ? NOK Impact difficulties to establish call Time allowed: 10 minutes Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 115 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 115 2 GLOBAL INDICATORS 2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 116 2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators Objective > Beware of traps and restrictions about some global indicators > So as to be able to provide a reliable interpretation Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 117 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 117 2.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators Call set-up success rate / Call drop rate > CALL SETUP SUCCESS • The radio link establishment failure is not taken into account, because: – – – most of failures during RLE are due to ghost RACH the MS is attempting MAX_RETRANS+1 times before giving up difficult to assess subscriber's impact, anyhow very low > CALL DROP • For BSS, the last stage is considered as established, although it is not the cause from a user point of view • If a TCH drop occurs during this phase – – for the user, it is a setup failure for the OMC-R indicators, counted as a call drop 118 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 118 the highest the risk to have a drop is > If statistics are done on abnormally long or short calls. the result can be less accurate > Typical case: drive test > Typical call duration: 80/90 seconds in most of European countries Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 119 All rights reserved © 2004.2. Alcatel © Alcatel 119 .5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators Call duration IMPACT OF CALL DURATION > The longest a call is. 5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators Mobility IMPACT OF MOBILITY > Most of drop problems are due to mobility • Usually 2/3 of calls are static (no HO will be done) • For example.2. if 40 drops are observed for 1000 calls – – 40/1000 = 4% of global call drop but most of call drops are generated by "moving calls" – 40/(1000*1/3) = 40/333 = 12 % of call drop rate for moving call – 0 % for static call > Typical trap when comparing drive tests results with OMC-R statistics Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 120 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 120 . 1 % In 1 network. risk of drop is 2 % The call setup success rate indicator will be increased due to this problem OMC-R indicator is erroneous (drive test is the reality) OK ? NOK why call duration is more than average For moving call.7 % dropped at 5. OMC-R call drop indicator is giving 2. call setup success will be about 76 % Time allowed: a pedestrian zone.5 Traps and restrictions of global indicators Exercise Case global call drop : 2% In 1 BSS.1 % Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 121 All rights reserved © 2004. 80 % For taxi. global call setup success is 92 % conclusion for 1 call of 20 mns. call done in In 10 minutes of call are static measured Taxi in this zone will be call drop is 1. they are lost In 1 network. drive tests are showing a general call drop of 7 %. some transcoders are faulty : as soon as TCH are established on these TC.2. Alcatel © Alcatel 121 . 6 Global indicators interpretation All rights reserved © 2004.2 GLOBAL INDICATORS 2. Alcatel © Alcatel 122 . 6 Global indicators interpretation Exercise 1 Is this network OK? Name Name value value SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion SDCCH drop SDCCH drop TCH assignment failure rate TCH assignment failure rate Call drop Call drop Call setup success rate Call setup success rate Call success rate Call success rate Efficiency of outgoing HO Efficiency of outgoing HO Efficiency of incoming HO Efficiency of incoming HO 1% 1% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 96% 96% 94% 94% 92% 92% 93% 93% Time allowed: 5 minutes HO cause distribution better/level/quality 70/20/10 HO cause distribution better/level/quality 70/20/10 Network TCH availability 98% Network TCH availability 98% Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 123 All rights reserved © 2004.2. Alcatel © Alcatel 123 . 6 Global indicators interpretation Exercise 2 > Can one say that : • • • all indicators are OK? the coverage of the network is 95%? the call success of all the cells are 95% (minimum)? Name Name value value SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion SDCCH drop SDCCH drop TCH assignment failure rate TCH assignment failure rate Call drop Call drop Call setup success rate Call setup success rate Call success rate Call success rate 5% 5% 2% 2% 1% 1% 1% 1% 97% 97% 95% 95% 92% 92% 92% 92% Time allowed: 5 minutes Efficiency of outgoing HO Efficiency of outgoing HO Efficiency of incoming HO Efficiency of incoming HO HO cause distribution better/level/quality 75/15/10 HO cause distribution better/level/quality 75/15/10 Network TCH availability 98% Network TCH availability 98% 124 All rights reserved © 2004.2. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 124 . 6% 4. Alcatel 4.6 Global indicators interpretation Exercise 3 > Results of field tests on a network – Is the network better if QSCDR = 2%? Name Name value value SDCCH congestion SDCCH congestion SDCCH drop SDCCH drop TCH assignment failure rate TCH assignment failure rate Call drop Call drop Call setup success rate Call setup success rate Call success rate Call success rate Efficiency of outgoing HO Efficiency of outgoing HO Efficiency of incoming HO Efficiency of incoming HO HO cause distribution better/level/quality HO cause distribution better/level/quality Network TCH availability Network TCH availability 125 All rights reserved © 2004.6% 92% 92% Time allowed: 5 minutes Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 125 .2. Alcatel © Alcatel 126 . DETAILED INDICATORS All rights reserved © 2004.3. Alcatel © Alcatel 127 .3 Detailed indicators Session presentation > Objective: to be able to use the BSS .DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS document in order to get some more detailed indicators of the Alcatel BSS > Program: • 3.1 Indicator reference name • 3.2 Indicators classification Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 127 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 128 .3. DETAILED INDICATORS 3.1 Indicator reference name All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 129 .1 Indicator reference name Description > Each QOS indicator has a unique REFERENCE NAME of 10 characters Family Unit mandatory Procedure Prefix Type Joker Sub-type optional Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 129 All rights reserved © 2004.3. 3. DETAILED INDICATORS 3. Alcatel © Alcatel 130 .2 Indicators classification All rights reserved © 2004. 3.2 Indicators classification Main categories Classification in BSS . Alcatel © Alcatel 131 .DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS document GSM indicators Traffic load Global QoS Handover statistics HO causes Outgoing HO Incoming HO Resource availability Densification techniques Directed retry Concentric cells Multilayer / Multiband Network Multiband SDCCH TCH SCCP SDCCH RTCH Call statistics Control Channels Intracell HO SDCCH /TCH HO repartition Couple of cells Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 131 All rights reserved © 2004. > The Resource occupancy section includes indicators for: – SDCCH traffic in Erlang. Alcatel > The Traffic model section includes indicators for: – number of SDCCH connection requests and successses (Immediate Assignment. Service Call Estab Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 SDCCH Traffic MS Penetration Rate Traffic Dual Band Handover Resource Occupancy SDCCH Erlang SDCCH Mean Holding Time Handover Traffic MO LU Follow on SMS Call Re. Update IMSI Detach Sup.2 Indicators classification SDCCH traffic > Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic Traffic Model Global Requests Normal Assignment Global Traffic Normal Assignment Traffic MT Loc. HO). type of MO connections versus all MO connection types).3. – distribution of SDCCH connection success (MO and MT connections versus all MO+MT connections.stab E Other 132 All rights reserved © 2004. > The MS penetration rate section includes the indicator for: – percentage of multiband MS SDCCH access (except LU) versus all MS SDCCH accesses. © Alcatel 132 . – average duration in seconds of SDCCH channel usage. AMR. – distribution of TCH allocation successes (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA). DR.2 Indicators classification TCH traffic > Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic RTCH Traffic Speech Version & Channel Type Traffic Model Resource Occupancy TCH Erlang Full Rate Erlang Full Rate Allocated Full Rate Mean TCH Time Blocking Peak TCH Multiband Occupancy Half Rate Erlang Half Rate Allocated Half Rate Mean TCH Time Ratio of HR Traffic REQUESTS FR. EFR. DATA SUCCESS AMR / TFO HO PER CALL Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 133 All rights reserved © 2004.3. DR). – number of TCH FR allocations and number of TCH HR allocations. FR. – rate of TCH allocation successes for HO+DR versus all TCH allocations (NA+HO+DR). > The Traffic model section includes indicators for: – number of TCH connection requests and successes (Normal Assignment. HR. AMR. HR. – TCH peak of blocking (TCH congestion time). HO. – rate of TCH HR allocations versus all TCH allocations (FR+HR). – rate of TFO calls versus all speech calls. Alcatel > The Speech Version and Channel Type section includes indicators for: – distribution of TCH allocation requests (FR/DR/DR+EFR/AMR/DATA). – average duration in seconds of RTCH channel usage (FR+HR. – rate of TCH AMR allocation successes. FR. DATA REQUESTS Assign / HO / DR SUCCESS Assign/ HO/ DR ALLOCATIONS FR. – number of HOs per call. HR). © Alcatel 133 . > The Resource occupancy section includes indicators for: – RTCH traffic in Erlang (FR+HR. DR/EFR. multiband). 2 Indicators classification SCCP resource occupancy / Control channels traffic > Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SCCP resource occupancy • SCCP traffic in Erlang > Traffic Load and Traffic Model > Control Channels traffic • PCH channel load • AGCH channel load • RACH channel load Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 134 All rights reserved © 2004.3. Alcatel © Alcatel 134 . the general formula of these indicators are redesigned.B.= MC800 DYAHCATAN = MC801a DYAHCATMN = MC801b DYAHCASAN. TCAHCGUN. TCTRTCE.0. SDAVAR. to be simpler. TCTRAR.DYTROFN.0.0) means that it is equal to A/B if B ≠ 0 or to 0 if B = 0 © Alcatel 135 . HO. Alcatel >The Assignment phase section includes indicators for the Radio Link Establishment procedure: •global SDCCH access failure rate.0. SDRRDN. = MC802a DYAHCASMN. SDTRAVE >The Handover procedure section includes the indicator for the preparation of the SDCCH HO procedure: •rate of SDCCH HO failure due to SDCCH congestion >The Established phase section includes indicators for SDCCH Phase: •global SDCCH drop rate. * tdiv(A.= MC802b DYN = number of Dynamic timeslots (given by configuration file) = Cell_NB_DYN Computed indicators DYAHCATAR: average rate of busy TCH (FR of HR) allocated on dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots Formula: tdiv* (DYAHCATAN. TCTRAVE.0) DYAHCATMR: maximum rate of busy TCH (FR of HR) allocated on dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots Formula: tdiv (DYAHCATMN. SDAHCGUN.DYTROFN.3.0. BSS). TCRRDN. •specific SDCCH access failure rate per type of problem (SDCCH congestion.2 Indicators classification QoS SDCCH > GLOBAL Quality of Service > SDCCH Assignment Phase / Handover SDCCH Established Phase Congestion Drop Rate Unsuccess Drop Radio Radio Failure Access Reject BSS Failure Drop HO Drop BSS Dynamic Allocation Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 135 All rights reserved © 2004. •specific indicators for Dynamic SDCCH Allocation: Stored Indicators (see Dynamic SDCCH Allocation in the Global Indicators section) DYTROFN. SDRROFN.DYTROFN. •specific SDCCH drop rate per type of problem (radio.0) DYAHCASAR: average rate of busy SDCCH sub-channels allocated on the dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslots Formula: tdiv (DYAHCASAN. TCRROFN. TCAVAR (removed as it is the same as TCTRAR). BSS).0) Impact on existing Indicators: Apart of modification due to introduction of Dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot. radio. •specific RTCH outgoing HO failure rate per type of problem (congestion. radio drop. © Alcatel 136 . Directed Retry 136 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Indicators classification QoS RTCH > GLOBAL Quality of service > RTCH Assignment Phase / Handover Congestion Queuing Phase Preemption Phase Established Phase RTCH Queue Length PCI =1 Requests PVI =1 Success Drop rate Drop Radio Drop HO Global Radio Congestion Level Unsuccess Assign Queuing Fail Queue Full Assign Queued Radio Failure BSS Failure Assign Queued & Reject Timeout Higher Priority Queued Success Allocation with / without Preemption Success Drop BSS Preemption Normal Assign. BSS). Alcatel Failure Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 >The Assignment phase section includes indicators for the TCH Normal Assignment procedure: •global RTCH assignment failure rate (called unsuccess rate).3. BSS).Reversion Old Channel. •specific RTCH assignment failure rate per type of problem (RTCH congestion. radio . radio. •global radio congestion level (number of cells congested in the network). >The Handover procedure section includes indicators for the global HO procedure (intracell+intercell internal + intercell external): •rate of RTCH incoming HO failure due to RTCH congestion. TransCoder. •specific call drop rate per type of problem (radio. Alcatel >The Call Drop section includes indicators for the TCH Phase: •global call drop rate.. HO. •rate of call success. >The Call Success section includes indicators for the global call procedure (speech): •rate of call setup success.2 Indicators classification QoS call statistics > GLOBAL Quality of service > Call statistics Call Statistics Call Success Call Drop Call Setup Success Rate Call Success Rate Drop Radio Cell Quality Factor Absolute Cell Quality Factor Relative Call Drop Rate Call Drop End User Rate Drop HO Drop BSS Preemption Transcoder Failure BSS Internal Failure Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 137 All rights reserved © 2004. BSS int.3. preemption). •global cell quality factor. © Alcatel 137 . concentric cell cause. level DL. HCSTEDIR. micro cell cause. level DL. traffic. C404a = NB_OUT_EXT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_ATPT = Number of outgoing external TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover attempts including a change of the (TCH) frequency band.3. HCSTLVDR. C449 (type 6) in type 110 (as MC449) improves the result of all HO cause Indicators: (B8 Introduction) C449 = MC449 = number of handover attempts with cause 28 (Fast traffic handover) The Indicator TOTALHO (HCN) is impacted as well as the following indicators: HCSTBPBR. interference. HCSTIFDR. distance. HCSTELVR. HCNTBDR. HCSTBTFR. interference DL. capture]. level. quality DL. •distribution of HO standard causes taking into account only HO standard causes (quality UL. interference UL. power budget). distance. © Alcatel 138 . better condition [power budget. HCSTEQLR. HCSTIFUR. etc. HCMCR. power budget. C403b = NB_INC_EXT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_SUCC = Number of incoming external TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover successes including a change of the (TCH) frequency band. level UL. HCSTAMR. forced directed retry). HCSTLVUR. HCSTAMFR. HCSTBTRFR type 32 of counter (Change of frequency band measurements) (B8 Introduction) Type 32 is defined as Standard and provides information to observe handovers between different frequency bands. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 >The Handover causes section includes indicators of HO causes distribution corresponding to outgoing handovers relating to a cell: •distribution of HO causes taking into account all possible HO causes (quality UL.2 Indicators classification Handover causes > Handover STATISTICS > Handover causes Handover causes HO causes HO causes per Adjacency Outgoing HO All HO cause distribution HO standard cause distribution HO cause category distribution Incoming HO HO cause category distribution – Fast traffic HO taken into account type of counter for dual band HO 138 All rights reserved © 2004. HCCCR. C404b = NB_OUT_EXT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_SUCC = Number of outgoing external TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover successes including a change of the (TCH) frequency band.). C421b NB_OUT_INT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_SUCC = Number of outgoing internal TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover successes including a change of the (TCH) frequency band. HCSTQLDR. HCSTAMHR. >The Handover causes per adjacency section includes indicators of HO causes distribution corresponding to outgoing and incoming handovers relating to a couple of serving/target cells: •distribution of HO cause categories taking into account 3 categories (emergency [quality. traffic. power budget]). HCSTEIFR. HCSTQLUR. C420a = NB_INC_INT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_ATPT = Number of incoming internal TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover attempts including a change of the (TCH) frequency band. C421a NB_OUT_INT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_ATPT = Number of outgoing internal TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover attempts including a change of the (TCH) frequency band. C420b = NB_INC_INT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_SUCC = Number of incoming internal TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover successes including a change of the (TCH) frequency band. distance. C403a = NB_INC_EXT_TCH_HO_NEW_BAND_ATPT = Number of incoming external TCH (in HR or FR usage) handover attempts including a change of the (TCH) frequency band. HCSTEDMR. Counter: L1. radio . BSS). Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 >The Outgoing Intra BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of outgoing intercell internal handovers relating to a cell (serving): •efficiency ot the preparation phase (target TCH allocation) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells belonging to the same BSS.18: TIME_LAPD_CONG Definition: Time in seconds during which the LapD link is congested in transmission in the BSC. >When the BSC is congested on the downlink.Reversion Old Channel. This counter is implemented in type 7 and thus is only available in a detailed measurement campaign. •outgoing intra BSC + inter BSC intercell HO drop rate per type of problem (radio drop. •efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells belonging to the same BSS.Reversion Old Channel. >The Outgoing Intra BSC + Inter BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of all outgoing intercell handovers relating to a cell (serving): •global efficiency ot the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells whether they belong to the same BSS or not •efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells whether they belong to the same BSS or not. © Alcatel 139 . •efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells not belonging to the same BSS. This may result for example in call establishment failures. loss of paging messages or delay in handover procedures. BSS).3. some messages are discarded. A LapD counter that indicates the time an LapD link is congested is created to analyze the cause of a degraded QoS. •distribution of outgoing intra BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (radio drop.2 Indicators classification Outgoing handovers > Handover STATISTICS > Outgoing handovers Intra-BSC Outgoing HO (See comments) External Intra-BSC & External Preparation Success Rate Preparation Success Rate Success Rate Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Call Drop Rate Call Drop Rate Call Drop Rate Failure With Reversion Failure With Reversion – LAPD counter to analyze the cause of delay in HO procedures 139 All rights reserved © 2004.Reversion Old Channel. >The Outgoing Inter BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of outgoing intercell external handovers relating to a cell (serving): •efficiency ot the preparation phase (target TCH allocation) of the outgoing handovers performed from one cell to any of its neighboring cells not belonging to the same BSS. •distribution of outgoing inter BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (radio drop. BSS). radio . radio . >The Incoming Inter BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of incoming intercell external handovers relating to a cell (target): •efficiency ot the preparation phase (target TCH allocation) of the incoming handovers performed to one cell from any of its neighboring cells not belonging to the same BSS.MC922a (REQUESTS) HOIMSUGN = MC642 . The pure 2G-2G results can then be obtained by comparing them with the new introduced counters: •4 stored indicators for incoming external handover 2G -2G only: HOIMRQGN = MC820 . so consider handovers from 2G cells as well as handovers from 3G cells. TTCH (CIC) congestion. BSS).MC922b (SUCCESS) HOIMFLGN = MC643 .MC922d (ATTEMPTS) •And calculated indicators are defined: 3G-2G HO Success rate: HOIMSUUR = MC922b / MC922a 2G-2G HO Success rate: HOIMSUGR = (MC642-MC922b) / (MC820-MC922a) preparation and execution 3G-2G HO failure rate HOIMFLUR = 1 -(MC922b/MC922a) preparation and execution 2G-2G HO failure rate HOIMFLGR = 1 -((MC642-MC922b) / (MC820-MC922a)) © Alcatel 140 . radio. Alcatel Failure BSS Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 >The Incoming Intra BSC intercell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of incoming intercell internal handovers relating to a cell (target): •efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the incoming handovers performed to one cell from any of its neighboring cells belonging to the same BSS. •distribution of incoming intra BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (congestion. BSS) >Using counters introduced in B8 for 3G to 2G Incoming External Handovers. radio.2 Indicators classification Incoming handovers > Handover STATISTICS > Incoming handovers Intra-BSC Incoming HO External Intra-BSC & External Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency Congestion Congestion Failure Radio Failure No CIC Failure BSS Failure Radio – – Incoming external HO 3G .> 2G Incoming external HO 2G . MC922a: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_REQ (REQUESTS) MC922b: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_SUCC (SUCCESS) MC922c: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_EXEC_FAIL_MS_ACC (FAILURES) MC922d: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_ATPT (ATTEMPTS) •4 stored indicators based on the 4 counters: HOIMRQUN= MC922a HOIMSUUN = MC922b HOIMFLRRUN = MC922c HOIMCAUN = MC922d As existing PM counters related to incoming handovers keep a global view. •distribution of incoming inter BSC intercell HO failures per type of problem (RTCH congestion.3.> 2G only 140 All rights reserved © 2004.MC922c (FAILURES) HOIMCAGN = MC821 . MC922h (type 110): TIME_3G_HOReject_HL that indicates the cumulative time (in seconds) during which the cell is in 3G high load state. MC922a: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_REQ (REQUESTS) MC922b: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_SUCC (SUCCESS) MC922c: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_EXEC_FAIL_MS_ACC (FAILURES) MC922d: NB_INC_EXT_3G_2G_HO_ATPT (ATTEMPTS) •4 stored indicators based on the 4 counters: HOIMRQUN= MC922a HOIMSUUN = MC922b HOIMFLRRUN = MC922c HOIMCAUN = MC922d As existing PM counters related to incoming handovers keep a global view.3. The new counters were introduced in MC922 family: • MC922e (type110): NB_INC_EXT_TCH_3G_2G_HO_EMERGENCY_REQ that indicates the number 3G to 2G external inter-cell TCH (in HR or FR) handover requests. MC922f (type 110): NB_INC_EXT_TCH_3G_2G_HO_REQ that indicates the number of 3G to 2G external inter-cell TCH (in HR or FR) handover requests. • • • Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 141 All rights reserved © 2004. with emergency cause. MC922g (type 110): NB_INC_EXT_TCH_3G_2G_HO_PREP_FAIL_3GCONG that indicates the number of 3G to 2G handover failures in preparation phase due to 3G high load in target cell.MC922c (FAILURES) HOIMCAGN = MC821 .MC922b (SUCCESS) HOIMFLGN = MC643 . so consider handovers from 2G cells as well as handovers from 3G cells. This counters differs from MC922d by the fact it just count TCH handovers.MC922d (ATTEMPTS) •And calculated indicators are defined: 3G-2G HO Success rate: HOIMSUUR = MC922b / MC922a 2G-2G HO Success rate: HOIMSUGR = (MC642-MC922b) / (MC820-MC922a) preparation and execution 3G-2G HO failure rate HOIMFLUR = 1 -(MC922b/MC922a) preparation and execution 2G-2G HO failure rate HOIMFLGR = 1 -((MC642-MC922b) / (MC820-MC922a)) © Alcatel 141 .2 Indicators classification Incoming handovers B9 > In B9 it was introduced more counters for UMTS to GSM handover monitoring. Alcatel >Using counters introduced in B8 for 3G to 2G Incoming External Handovers. The pure 2G-2G results can then be obtained by comparing them with the new introduced counters: •4 stored indicators for incoming external handover 2G -2G only: HOIMRQGN = MC820 .MC922a (REQUESTS) HOIMSUGN = MC642 . Alcatel >The Intracell section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of intracell handovers performed within a cell: •efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the intracell handovers performed within a cell.2 Indicators classification Intra-cell handovers > Handover STATISTICS > Intracell handovers Efficiency Intracell HO B9 Congestion Call Drop Rate > New B9 counters: HO Cause 30 • • NB_TCH_HO_REQ_30_ReturnCSZone =MC480 (Type 110) NB_TCH_HO_ATPT_30_ReturnCSZone =MC481 (Type 110) CDR Radio CDR BSS Failure BSS Failure With Reversion Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 142 All rights reserved © 2004. radio drop. BSS). © Alcatel 142 . •distribution of intracell HO failures per type of problem (congestion.3. radio Reversion Old Channel. 3. •efficiency ot the execution phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the incoming intercell handovers performed between two cells (serving/target). •efficiency ot the preparation phase (old to new TCH channel change) of the incoming intercell handovers performed between two cells (serving/target).2 Indicators classification Handover statistics per couple of cells > Handover STATISTICS > Handover statistics per couple of cell HO statistics per Couple of Cell Preparation Success Rate Efficiency Success Rate HO Success Distribution Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 143 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 143 . •distribution per couple of (serving/target) cells of the incoming intercell handovers performed to a cell from any of its neighboring cells whether they belong to the same BSS or not. Alcatel >The Indicators with counters type 180 section includes indicators corresponding to the efficiency of incoming internal+external intercell SDCCH+TCH handovers performed between two cells (serving/target): •global efficiency of the incoming intercell handovers performed between two cells (serving/target). 4 HANDOVER INDICATORS All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 144 . 4 Handover indicators per couple of cells Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 145 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Internal handover indicators per cell • 4.4 Handover indicators Session presentation > Objective: to be able to explain what are the main Handover counters and indicators provided by the Alcatel BSS in order to monitor the quality of handovers > Program: • 4. Alcatel © Alcatel 145 .3 External handover indicators per cell • 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell • 4. Alcatel © Alcatel 146 .1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell All rights reserved © 2004.4 HANDOVER INDICATORS 4. 1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Handover types HO FAIL. Alcatel TCH/(SDCCH) Handover > Synchronous • • • • between 2 cells sharing the same clocks collocated usually 2 sectors of the same BTS – tunable at OMC-R level > Asynchronous • • not synchronous for any reason no dedicated monitoring for synchronous/asynchronous HO as considering the target cell as considering the serving cell > External • • • > Incoming • • > Outgoing Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 147 . CASES > HO Reminder > Intra-Cell: Handover between two TCHs of the same cell > Internal • • • between two cells of the same BSC also called intra BSC and not using the forced external handover mode between two cells of different BSCs also called inter BSC or between two cells of the same BSC when using the forced external handover mode 147 All rights reserved © 2004.4. 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Intracell HO - success HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO > successful case MS MEAS REPORT -----------------------------> BTS BSC MSC MEASUREMENT RESULT --------------------------------------------------------------> PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (old channel) <-------------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (old channel) --------------------------------------------------------------> CHANNEL ACTIVATION (new channel) <-------------------------------------------------------------CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACK (new channel) --------------------------------------------------------------> ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) <-------------------------------------------------------------ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel) --------------------------------------------------------------> ASSIGNMENT COMPLET(new channel) --------------------------------------------------------------> MC870 ASSIGNMENT CMD <----------------------------SABM -----------------------------> UA <----------------------------ASSIGNMENT CMP -----------------------------> MC871 start T3107 stop T3107 MC662 HANDOVER PERFORMED -------------------> RF CHANNEL RELEASE (old channel) <-------------------------------------------------------------RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (old channel) --------------------------------------------------------------> Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 148 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > Both SDCCH and TCH are counted together. > The T3107 timer is also used as the guard timer of the channel change procedure during an intra cell handover. The Default value for T3107 is 14 seconds. © Alcatel 148 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Intracell HO - failures HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO Failures > Handover Preparation: • congestion • BSS problem (no specific counter) > Handover Execution: • reversion to old channel • drop radio • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 149 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 149 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Intracell HO - congestion HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO Failure: Congestion MS Serving BTS Serving BSC MSC MC561TCH+MC101SDCCH MEAS REPORT -----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT --------------------------------------------------------------> MC870 No free TCH MC561 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 150 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > From B7, MC561 replaces MC61of B6. > As the counting of the Abis-TCH congestion case was in restriction in B8: • MC61(B6) = MC561(B7) © Alcatel 150 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Intracell HO - radio failure ROC HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure: Reversion Old Channel MS Serving BTS Serving BSC MC871 MSC ASSIGNMENT CMD ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) <----------------------------- <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10) start T200 SABM (new channel) -----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (new channel) -----------------------------------------------------------------> UA (new channel) X- - - - - -------------------SABM (new channel) -----------------------------> UA (new channel) X- - - - - -------------------SABM (old channel) -----------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION (old channel) UA (old channel) -----------------------------------------------------------------> <----------------------------ASSIGNMENT FAIL ASSIGNMENT FAILURE -----------------------------> -----------------------------------------------------------------> stop T3107 MC667 PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST (new channel) <----------------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM (new channel) -----------------------------------------------------------------> RF CHANNEL RELEASE (new channel) <----------------------------------------------------------------RF CHANNEL RELEASE ACK (new channel) -----------------------------------------------------------------> Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 151 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 151 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Intracell HO - radio failure drop HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure: Radio drop MS Serving BTS Serving BSC MC871 MSC MC663=C63TCH+C103SDCCH ASSIGNMENT CMD <----------------------------- ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10) MC663 T3107 expiry Release of old and new channels Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 152 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 152 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Intracell HO - BSS problem HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO failure: BSS drop > no specific counter MS Serving BTS Serving BSC MC871 MSC ASSIGNMENT CMD <----------------------------- ASSIGNMENT COMMAND (old channel) <----------------------------------------------------------------- start T3107 (= T10) --------------------------------------- > CLEAR REQUEST O&M intervention Radio interface failure Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 153 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > Intra cell HO failures due to BSS problems are deduced from other counters. © Alcatel 153 4.1 Intra-cell handover indicators per cell Intracell HO - counters HO FAIL. CASES > intracell HO counters REQUEST ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS INTRACELL Handover Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb MC870 Execution Failure CONGESTION BSS PB MC561+MC101 MC870-MC871-(MC561+MC101) MC871 REVERSION OLD CHANNEL Execution Attempt Reversion old channel MC667 Drop radio MC663 BSS Pb MC871-MC662-MC667-MC663 Success MC662 154 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel DROP RADIO BSS PB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 154 2 Internal handover indicators per cell All rights reserved © 2004.4 HANDOVER INDICATORS 4. Alcatel © Alcatel 155 . © Alcatel 156 .ESTABLISH INDICATION stop T200 ----------------------------------> HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103 -------------------------------------------------------------> ----------------------------------> HO PERFORMED ------------------------> Release of old TCH MC652.UA ----------------------------.start T3105 stop T3124 start T200 -----------------------. outgoing HO counters for the serving cell: MC655A. MC660 start T3124 HANDOVER ACCESS -------------------------------------------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------. MC656 The same inter-cell handover procedure leads to an incrementation of two sets of counters: incoming HO counters for the target cell: MC830.start T3103 MC831.4. etc. Alcatel > Both SDCCH and TCH are counted together. etc. MC831. CASES > internal HO > success case MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC MEAS REP -----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC830. In HO_PERFORMED MESSAGE >Target cell (CI. MC655A CHANNEL ACTIVATION <---------------------------------CHAN ACTIV ACK ----------------------------------> HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------.success HO FAIL.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------. MC656. MC660.SABM ---------------------------> stop T3105 <-------------------------.LAC) >"cause" of HO Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 156 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Internal HO . MC652. 4. Alcatel © Alcatel 157 . CASES > Incoming internal HO failures: > Handover procedure from the target cell point of view > Handover Preparation: • congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell – does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view) • BSS problem (no specific counter) > Handover Execution: • radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel – the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 157 All rights reserved © 2004.failures HO FAIL.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Incoming internal HO . CASES > Incoming internal HO fail: congestion MS Serving Cell Serving BSC MSC MC551TCH+MC91SDCCH MEAS REPORT -----------------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT --------------------------------------------------------------> MC830 No free TCH MC551 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 158 All rights reserved © 2004.congestion HO FAIL. Alcatel > From B7. > As the counting of the Abis-TCH congestion case was in restriction in B8: • MC51(B6) = MC551(B7) © Alcatel 158 .4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Incoming internal HO . MC551 replaces MC51of B6. radio failure HO FAIL.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------.-X MS serving cell target cell BSC SABM MEAS REP -----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION MEASUREMENT RESULT UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------> -----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> <----------------------CHANNEL ACTIVATION HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE <--------------------------------------------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC653 CHANNEL ACTIV ACK Release of new channel ----------------------------------> MSC HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------..stop T3105 HANDOVER COMPLETE ----------------------------------------------------.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Incoming internal HO .start T3103 MC660 SABM -----------x T3103 expiry MC653 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 159 All rights reserved © 2004.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------.start T3103 HANDOVER ACCESS MC660 -------------------------------------------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------. > Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.. Alcatel > All incoming internal HO failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter MC653.4.. © Alcatel 159 . CASES > Incoming internal HO fail: MS access problem MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------.start T3105 SABM -------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------. 4. CASES > Incoming internal HO counters REQUEST ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS INCOMING INTERNAL Handover Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio (MS access problem) BSS Pb Success MC830 Execution Failure CONGESTION BSS PB MC551+MC91 MC830-MC831-(MC551+MC91) MS ACCESS PB MC831 MC653 MC831-MC652-MC653 MC652 160 All rights reserved © 2004.counters HO FAIL.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Incoming internal HO . Alcatel BSS PB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 160 . indicators HO FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal HO indicators HOIBFLBN HOIBFLRN HOIBCGN HOIBSUN HOIBFLR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 161 All rights reserved © 2004.4. Alcatel > Refer to BSS .DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Incoming handover > Incoming Intra BSC – HOIBEFR: efficiency of the incoming internal HO execution – HOIBCGR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to congestion – HOIBPFR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to BSS during the preparation phase – HOIBFLRR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to radio problems – HOIBFLBR: rate of incoming internal HO failures due to BSS during the execution phase © Alcatel 161 .2 Internal handover indicators per cell Incoming internal HO . Alcatel © Alcatel 162 . CASES > Outgoing internal HO failures > Handover procedure from the serving cell point of view > Handover Preparation: • congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell) • BSS problem (no specific counter) > Handover Execution: • radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel • radio problem: the MS drops • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 162 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Outgoing internal HO .failures HO FAIL.4. .. CASES > Outgoing internal HO fail: Reversion old channel MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------.radio failure ROC HO FAIL.start T3103 HANDOVER ACCESS MC660 -------------------------------------------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------.stop T3105 HANDOVER COMPLETE ----------------------------------------------------.4.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Outgoing internal HO . Alcatel © Alcatel 163 .-X SABM -----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------> <----------------------HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE -----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC657 Release of new channel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 163 All rights reserved © 2004..start T3105 SABM -------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------. 4.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Outgoing internal HO . Alcatel © Alcatel 164 . the cause is "radio interface message failure" (for Alcatel) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 164 All rights reserved © 2004.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------. CASES > Outgoing internal HO fail: drop MS serving cell target cell BSC MSC MEAS REP -----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT ------------------------------------------------------------------------> MC655A CHANNEL ACTIVATION <---------------------------------CHAN ACTIV ACK ----------------------------------> HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------.start T3103 MC660 SABM ----------x T3103 expiry MC658 Clear_request ------------------------> Clear_command Release of old and new TCH <------------------------ • clear_request: ask the MSC to release the connection • In case of call drop due to HO.radio failure drop HO FAIL. 4.counters HO FAIL. Alcatel REVERSION OLD CHANNEL DROP RADIO BSS PB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 165 . CASES > Outgoing internal HO counters REQUEST ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS OUTGOING INTERNAL Handover Execution Failure CONGESTION BSS PB Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success MC655A MC655A-MC660 MC660 MC657 MC658 MC660-MC656-MC657-MC658 MC656 165 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Internal handover indicators per cell Outgoing internal HO . DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Outgoing handover > Outgoing Intra BSC – HOOBRQR: efficiency of the outgoing internal HO preparation. – HOOBCDRR: rate of outgoing internal HO failures due to radio problems with drop. – HOOBEFR: efficiency of the outgoing internal HO execution. – HOOBCDR: rate of incoming internal HO failures with drop (radio + BSS). – HOOBOCR: rate of outgoing internal HO failures due to radio problems with Reversion Old Channel. Alcatel > Refer to BSS .4. © Alcatel 166 .2 Internal handover indicators per cell Outgoing internal HO . CASES > Outgoing internal HO indicators HOOBSUN HOOBCDRN HOOBCDBN HOOBOCN HOOBCDR HOOBOCR SUCCESS Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 166 All rights reserved © 2004.indicators HO FAIL. 4 HANDOVER INDICATORS 4. Alcatel © Alcatel 167 .3 External handover indicators per cell All rights reserved © 2004. 3 External handover indicators per cell External HO . > MC645a is only counting HANDOVER REQUIRED messages that are linked to a handover trial and not those that are linked to the update of the candidate cell list for handover / directed retry. > 6 counters provide information for "Inter-PLMN HO" (Incoming and Outgoing) (From B8) • MC462a (equivalent of MC645A for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH outgoing handovers or directed retry requests: HANDOVER REQUIRED sent to the MSC for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards a cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the serving cell.HO_ACCESS ----<---. © Alcatel 168 .CHANNEL_ACT_ACK------------<----.HO_REQUIRED ----------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820 MC463A <--------.Start T9113 (HO_COMMAND) MC821 MC463B <-----. MC645A replaces MC645 of B6.success HO FAIL.HO_DETECTION-------------<-. • MC463a (equivalent of MC820 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH incoming handovers or directed retry requests: HANDOVER REQUEST received from the MSC for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards the target cell from a serving cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the target cell. • MC463b (equivalent of MC821 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH incoming handovers or directed retry attempts: HANDOVER REQUEST ACK sent by the target BSC containing the HANDOVER COMMAND for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards the target cell from a serving cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the target cell.MEAS_REPORT -> ------. • MC462c (equivalent of MC646 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH outgoing handovers or directed retry successes: CLEAR COMMAND with Cause "Handover successful" received from the MSC for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards a cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the serving cell. CASES > External HO > successful case MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS .---. > Note than all other (previous) counters related to HO continue to be based on Intra PLMN only.Stop T9113 MC642 MC463C Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 168 All rights reserved © 2004.HO_DETECTION ---------------.HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------------MC650 Start T8 MC462B <---.HO_ACCESS ----- <----. • MC463c (equivalent of MC642 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH incoming handovers or directed retry successes: HANDOVER COMPLETE received from the MS on Abis for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards the target cell from a serving cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the target cell.SABM ------------------.CC -----------------------. • MC462b (equivalent of MC650 for intra PLMN external HO) Number of inter-PLMN TCH outgoing handovers or directed retry attempts: HANDOVER COMMAND sent to the MS on Abis for an external TCH HO or an external DR triggered towards a cell belonging to a PLMN different from the PLMN of the serving cell.HO_COMPLETE ---------------------------------------<--.CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------> <.CLEAR_COMMAND -----MC646 Cause : HO_SUCCESSFUL Stop T8 <----------. Alcatel > Both SDCCH and TCH are counted together.HO_REQUEST_ACK -------.UA --------------> <------------------------. This is leading to a more accurate computation of the External outgoing HO success rate.4.HO_COMPLETE --------------. > From B7.MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A MC462A -----.ESTABLISH_INDICATION ---- MC462C Release of TCH <---. Only Outgoing inter PLMN HO is allowed.PHYSICAL_INFO --> <--. failures HO FAIL.3 External handover indicators per cell External HO . Alcatel © Alcatel 169 .4. CASES > Incoming external HO failures > Handover procedure from the target cell point of view > Handover Preparation: • congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell OR no TTCH available on the A interface – does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view) • BSS problem (no specific counter) > Handover Execution: • radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel – the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 169 All rights reserved © 2004. HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> <----. MC541ATCH+MC81SDCCH MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS .RTCH congestion HO FAIL.3 External handover indicators per cell Incoming external HO . MC541A replaces MC41A of B6.4.MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A -----. CASES > Incoming external HO fail: Air/Abis cong. Alcatel > From B7.HO_FAILURE --------------Cause: no radio resource available MC820 MC541A ( <-HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 170 All rights reserved © 2004. > As the counting of the Abis-TCH congestion case was in restriction in B8: • MC41A(B6) = MC541A(B7) © Alcatel 170 .MEAS_REPORT -> ------. TTCH congestion HO FAIL.4. CASES > Incoming external HO fail: A int. cong.MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A -----.HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> <----.3 External handover indicators per cell Incoming external HO . Alcatel © Alcatel 171 .HO_FAILURE --------------Cause: terrestrial circuit already allocated Requested terrestrial resource unaivalable BSS not equiopoed ( <-HO_REQUIRED_REJECT-) MC820 MC41B MC41B Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 171 All rights reserved © 2004. MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS .MEAS_REPORT -> > ------. CC --------------------------------------.CHANNEL_ACT ----------> <--.HO_ACCESS ----- -.radio failure HO FAIL.X ----.HO_ACCESS ----X ---.CHA_ACT_ACK -------Start T9113 <----..HO_REQUIRED -------> ----.CLEAR_COMMAND ----------------------> Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> MC820 <-------.CC --------------------------------------.3 External handover indicators per cell Incoming external HO .MEAS_REPORT -> BSC ------------------------------------------> MSC BSC MC643 Release of connection target_cell MS ------.HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------.MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ---.HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------.MEAS_REPORT -> ------.Start T9113 (HO-COMMAND) included MC821 <-------------------------.. CASES > Incoming external HO fail: MS access problem MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS .HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Start T8 ----.ESTABLISH_INDICATION-> MS ----. © Alcatel 172 .CHA_ACT_ACK -------<----.HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> MC820 <-------.X T9113 expiry MC643 Release of connection Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 172 All rights reserved © 2004.SABM --.HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------.Start T9113 <-------------------------.HO_ACCESS --------.CHANNEL_ACT ----------> <--.HO-COMMAND) included° MC821 Start T8 X --.UA ------------X --. > Both radio failures with Reversion Old Channel and radio drop are counted together.HO_FAILURE (reversion to old channel) serving_cell .SABM --------> <--.X ----. Alcatel > All incoming external HO failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter MC643.MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ---.4.SABM --.HO_ACCESS ----X ---.SABM --. CASES > Incoming external HO counters Inter PLMN HO REQUEST Intra PLMN HO REQUEST ATTEMPT SUCCESS RATIO ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS INCOMING EXTERNAL Handover Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio (MS access problem) BSS Pb Success MC820 Execution Failure CONGESTION BSS PB MC541+MC81 MC820-MC821-(MC541+MC81) MC821 MC643 MC821-MC642-MC643 MC642 173 All rights reserved © 2004.counters HO FAIL. Alcatel MS ACCESS PB BSS PB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 173 .3 External handover indicators per cell Incoming external HO .4. – HOIMFLRR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to radio problems.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Incoming handover > Incoming Inter BSC – HOIMEFR: efficiency of the incoming external HO execution. – the ratio of incoming inter-PLMN HO to incoming intra-PLMN and inter-PLMN HO.4. – HOIMFLBR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to BSS during the execution phase. – HOIMPFR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to BSS during the preparation phase. – HOIMAMR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to CIC congestion (A TCH). – HOIMCGR: rate of incoming external HO failures due to radio congestion (Air or Abis TCH). Alcatel > Refer to BSS .3 External handover indicators per cell Incoming external HO .indicators HO FAIL. > Inter PLMN Incoming External HO Indicators(from B8) • An indicator is created for each counter. – REQUESTS – ATTEMPTS – SUCCESS • In addition. these indicators show: – the success rate of incoming inter-PLMN HOs. © Alcatel 174 . CASES > Incoming external HO indicators HOIMFLBN HOIMFLRN HOIMCGN HOIMSUN HOIMFLR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 174 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 175 .4. CASES > Outgoing external HO failures > Handover procedure from the serving cell point of view > Handover Preparation: • congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell) • BSS problem (no specific counter) > Handover Execution: • radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel • radio problem: the MS drops • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 175 All rights reserved © 2004.failures HO FAIL.3 External handover indicators per cell Outgoing external HO . CHA_ACT_ACK -------<----.4. CASES > Outgoing external HO fail: reversion old channel MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS .HO_ACCESS ----X ---.ESTABLISH_INDICATION-> ----.HO_ACCESS ----- Release of connection Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 176 All rights reserved © 2004.SABM --------> <--.CLEAR_COMMAND ----------------------> Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel X --.MEAS_REPORT -> ------.MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ---.radio failure ROC HO FAIL.CHANNEL_ACT ----------> <--.HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> <-------. Alcatel © Alcatel 176 .CC --------------------------------------.Start T9113 (HO-COMMAND) included <-------------------------.-.HO_FAILURE (reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------> MC647 ----.3 External handover indicators per cell Outgoing external HO .HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------.UA ------------..HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Start T8 MC650 ----. SABM --.X ----.X T8 expiry ----.MEAS_REPORT -> ------.SABM --. Alcatel © Alcatel 177 .HO_REQUIRED -------> ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> <-------.X ----.CHANNEL_ACT ----------> <--..HO_ACCESS ----X ---.HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Start T8 MC650 ----.3 External handover indicators per cell Outgoing external HO .CC --------------------------------------.CHA_ACT_ACK -------<----. CASES > Outgoing external HO fail: drop MS serving_cell BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS .4.HO_ACCESS ----- Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 177 All rights reserved © 2004.SABM --.HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------.Start T9113 (HO-COMMAND) included <-------------------------.radio failure drop HO FAIL.CLEAR_REQUEST -> MC648 Radio interface message fail Release of connection X --.MEAS_RESULT --------> MC645A ---. CASES > Outgoing external HO counters Inter PLMN HO REQUEST Intra PLMN HO REQUEST ATTEMPT SUCCESS RATIO ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS OUTGOING EXTERNAL Handover Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success MC645A Execution Failure CONGESTION BSS PB MC645A-MC650 MC650 MC647 MC648 MC650-MC646-MC647-MC648 MC646 178 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel REVERSION OLD CHANNEL DROP RADIO BSS PB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 178 .4.3 External handover indicators per cell Outgoing external HO .counters HO FAIL. 3 External handover indicators per cell Outgoing external HO . Alcatel > Refer to BSS . – the ratio of outgoing inter-PLMN HO to outgoing intra-PLMN and inter-PLMN HO.indicators HO FAIL.4. – REQUESTS – ATTEMPTS – SUCCESS • In addition these indicators show: – the success rate of outgoing inter-PLMN HOs. – HOOMOCR: rate of outgoing external HO failures due to radio problems with Reversion Old Channel. © Alcatel 179 . – HOOMCDR: rate of incoming external HO failures with drop (radio + BSS). – HOOMEFR: efficiency of the outgoing external HO execution.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS RELEASE: • Handover Statistics INDICATORS > Outgoing handover > Outgoing Inter BSC – HOOMRQR: efficiency of the outgoing external HO preparation. CASES > Outgoing external HO indicators HOOMSUN HOOMCDRN HOOMCDBN HOOMOCN HOOMCDR HOOMOCR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 179 All rights reserved © 2004. – HOOMCDRR: rate of outgoing external HO failures due to radio problems with drop. > Inter PLMN Outgoing External HO Indicators (From B8) • An indicator is created for each counter. 4 Handover indicators per couple of cells All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 180 .4 HANDOVER INDICATORS 4. MC820(T).b) a d e C40i(f.b) C401(S. MC642(T) are the counters relating to the incoming external handovers requested. target) cells: • permanently through PM type 180 counters 3 counters for each (Serving. attempted and successfully performed to cell T.d) f both internal and external inter cell handovers are counted both SDCCH and TCH handovers are counted 181 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 181 .T) = MC642(T) + MC652(T) – where – – – Sn are the serving cells considering the incoming adjacencies to cell T.T) = MC821(T) +MC831(T) • ∑ C402(Sn. MC646(T) are the counters relating to the incoming internal handovers requested.T): Incoming handovers attempted to cell T from cell S c C40i(c. MC830(T).d) C402(S. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > According to the definition of C40i counters: • ∑ C400(Sn.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells Type 180 counters > Some handover indicators available per couple of (serving.Target) adjacency: C400(S. attempted and successfully performed to cell T.T): Incoming handovers requested to cell T from cell S C40i(c.T): Incoming handovers successfully performed to cell T from cell S b C40i(a. MC831(T). MC821(T).4.T) = MC820(T) + MC830(T) • ∑ C401(Sn. © Alcatel 182 .T) / C401(S.T) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 182 All rights reserved © 2004.T) / C400(S.T) / C400(S.T) Efficiency of the incoming handover execution to cell T from cell S HOOAEFR = C402(S.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells Type 180 indicators The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 180 counters in order to > Detect the most important neighboring cells as per their traffic • Distribution of incoming handovers performed to cell T from serving cells Sn = C402(Sx.T) / ∑ C402(Sn.T) Global efficiency of incoming handovers to cell T from cell S HOOASUR = C402(S. Alcatel > Refer to BSS . – They will also allow to identify the handover relationships which should be deleted since no (or very few) handover is observed.4.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Handover Statistics > HO Statistics per couple of cells > Indicators with counter type 180 – These indicators can also be to check if a recently handover relationship is generating handover as expected.T) > Ease the diagnosisnof the bad handover performance of a cell • • • Efficiency of the incoming handover preparation to cell T from cell S HOOACAR = C401(S. Te) cell S to cell Tx with Reversion Old Channel Te C723(S.Tx): Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for a better cell cause.Tx): Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for an emergency cause.4. © Alcatel 183 .Tx): Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for a traffic cause.Tx): Outgoing handovers attempted from S to Tx for a forced directed retry cause. • C728(S.Target x) adjacency: C720(S.Tx): Outgoing handovers successfully C72i(S. • C727(S.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells Type 26 counters > Some handover indicators are available per couple of (serving.Tx): Outgoing handovers attempted from cell S to cell Tx Target a Tc C721(S. Alcatel > Other counters are provided: • C724(S.Tx): Outgoing handovers failed from Tf cell S to cell Tx with drop Tb Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 183 All rights reserved © 2004. > Previously the set of Type 26 counters could be retrieved for only one cell per BSS at once. > 40 cells at the same time since B8.Tx): Outgoing handovers failed from C72i(S. target) cells: • on demand for all outgoing adjacencies of a serving cell through PM type 26 (40 cells since B8) Counters for each (Serving.Tc) performed from cell S to cell Tx Serving C722(S. • C725(S. Tx) / C720(S. • From B8.Tx)-C722(S.Tx) • Rate of outgoing ho execution failures due to BSS problems from S to Tx HOOXCDBR = [C720(S.Tx)-C723(S.Tx) • Rate of outgoing ho execution failures due to radio problems from S to Tx with drop HOOXCDRR = C723(S. Alcatel > Refer to BSS .Tx) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 184 All rights reserved © 2004.Tx)] / C720(S.Tx)-C721(S. these type 26 counters are available for several cells at once (40 cells).Tx) • Rate of outgoing ho execution failures due to radio problems from S to Tx with Reversion Old Channel HOOXOCR = C722(S.Tx) / C720(S.4.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Handover Statistics > HO Statistics per couple of cells > Indicators with counter type 26.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells Type 26 indicators The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 26 counters (40 cells since B8) in order to: > ease the diagnosis of the bad outgoing handover performance of a cell • Efficiency of the outgoing handover execution from cell S to cell Tx HOOXSUR = C721(S.Tx) / C720(S. © Alcatel 184 . target) cells: • on demand for all incoming adjacencies of a target cell through PM type 27 counters for each (Serving.T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for a better cell cause.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells Type 27 counters > Some handover indicators are available per couple of (serving.T): Incoming handovers successfully performed to cell T from cell Sx Serving a Sc C73i(Sc. • C738(Sx.T) C733(S. > The set of Type 27 counters can be retrieved for only one cell per BSS at once. • C737(Sx.T): Incoming handovers attempted to cell T from cell Sx Sb C731(Sx.T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for a traffic cause.4. • C735(Sx.T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for a forced directed retry cause.Tx): Incoming handovers failed due to Target MS radio access problems to cell T from cell Sx C73i(Se.T) Se Sf Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 185 All rights reserved © 2004.Target x) adjacency: C730(Sx.T): Incoming handovers attempted from Sx to T for an emergency cause. Alcatel > Other counters are provided: • C734(Sx. © Alcatel 185 . 4.T)-C733(Sx.T)] / C730(Sx.T) • Rate of incoming ho execution failures due to BSS problems to cell T from cell Sx HOIXCDBR= [C730(Sx.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Handover Statistics > HO Statistics per couple of cells > Indicators with counter type 27 © Alcatel 186 .T) / C730(Sx.T) / C730(Sx.T)-C731(Sx.T) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 186 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > Refer to BSS .T) • Rate of incoming ho execution failures due to MS radio access problems to cell T from cell Sx HOIXCDRR = C733(Sx.4 Handover indicators per couple of cells Type 27 indicators The following indicators can be computed from PM Type 27 counters in order to > Ease the diagnosis of the bad incoming handover performance of a cell • Efficiency of the incoming handover execution to cell T from cell Sx HOIXSUR = C731(Sx. 5 DIRECTED RETRY INDICATORS All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 187 . 5 Directed retry indicators Session presentation > Objective: to be able to describe the counters and indicators used for monitoring the efficiency of the directed retry feature > Program: • 5. Alcatel © Alcatel 188 .1 Directed Retry definition Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 188 All rights reserved © 2004. 1 Directed Retry definition All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 189 .5 DIRECTED RETRY INDICATORS 5. waiting for a TCH to be released in this cell > With default BSS tuning: the call establishment fails if no TCH has been freed after T11 seconds > but an optional mechanism can be activated … Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 190 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 190 .5.1 Directed Retry definition Queuing is mandatory > When there is no TCH available in a cell for TCH normal assignment: > Queuing: TCH request is put in a queue. Alcatel > The queuing of TCH requests is also performed for incoming external TCH handovers but not for incoming internal TCH handovers. 1 Directed Retry definition Normal and Forced Directed Retry Directed Retry (DR): When a TCH request is in queue.5. the BSC tries to establish the TCH connection on a neighboring cell if: > the normal handover condition is met (Normal DR) > specific directed retry conditions are met (Forced DR): • the MS receives a sufficient signal level from a neighboring cell • the number of free TCHs in this neighboring cell is sufficient Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 191 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 191 . CASES > DR Reminder DR as an SDCCH to TCH handover can be > Internal • • • • between two cells of the same BSC also called intra BSC between two cells of different BSCs also called inter BSC ANNEX 3 > Synchronous • • • • between 2 cells sharing the same clocks collocated usually 2 sectors of the same BTS – tunable at OMC-R level > External > Asynchronous • not synchronous for any reason no dedicated monitoring for synchronous/asynchronous HO > Incoming • • as considering the target cell as considering the serving cell • > Outgoing Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 192 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > There is no Intracell Directed Retry contrary to HO: > An Intracell Directed is a Call Setup !! !-) > Please refer to Annex for Directed Retry counters details © Alcatel 192 .5.1 Directed Retry definition Directed Retry types DR FAIL. Alcatel © Alcatel 193 .6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS All rights reserved © 2004. 8 Additional information 194 All rights reserved © 2004.3 RMS data 6.6 Radio Measurement Statistics indicators Session presentation > Objective: to be able to describe the RMS indicators used for radio quality assessment of a TRX or cell and to use them in the detection of some typical radio problems > Program: • • • • • • • • 6.7 RMS indicators usage 6.1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives 6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS 6.5 Radio quality statistics per TRX 6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX 6. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 194 .6 C/I statistics 6. 1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 195 .6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6. VQ data are now needed since the Call Drop rate is not sufficient to have a clear picture of the QoS in a network using Slow Frequency Hopping as a densification technique.6. Alcatel > The RMS feature provides statistics on Voice Quality. > The RMS feature is a "plus" providing additional information to help radio engineer in their Fault detection and Network optimization tasks.1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives RMS objectives > Assess the quality of cell coverage > Assess the radio link quality of a TRX / a cell > Assess Carrier/Interference ratio of a TRX / a cell > Estimate of the voice quality of a TRX / a cell In order to: • Optimize the neighborhood & frequency planning • Improve the network coverage • Detect faulty hardware components responsible for bad QoS • Help logical parameters fine tuning Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 196 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 196 . 1 Radio Measurement Statistics objectives RMS objectives > Provide Radio Measurement Statistics • On all the network elements (all TRXs/cells) • Permanently through the PM type 31 – RMS results available every day (after a specific period) In order to • Reduce the cost of Radio Network Optimization Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 197 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 197 .6. Alcatel > Today's solutions for Radio Measurements are limited and very expensive: • drive tests: provide a mobile user with the perception of the network but cannot be done on the whole network and on an very day basis since: – they are costly (tool+car+manpower). – they are available on the DownLink path only. – they are limited to a few cells at once per analyzer. – they need to be post-processed. – they need to be post-processed. • Abis interface traces: provide a complete Uplink and Downlink radio quality assessment of a cell but cannot be done on the whole network and on an every day basis since: – they are costly (protocol analyzer+manpower). – they are limited to part of the network. 2 RMS implementation in the BSS All rights reserved © 2004.6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6. Alcatel © Alcatel 198 . Alcatel > The cell profile can be: micro. multiband. Consecutive frame erasure. > Templates parameters define the intervals or Received level. © Alcatel 199 . Path balance. cell class) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 199 All rights reserved © 2004. etc. etc. rural rapid (covering express railway).2 RMS implementation in the BSS RMS management > RMS results are reported permanently (once a day) by the BSS as a PM Type 31 counters to the OMC-R > The RMS job is defined and activated on a per BSS basis > RMS job parameters are managed through RMS templates • RMS templates provide means to tune RMS parameters according to Cell Planning (cell profile.6. indoor. Radio link counter. > The cell class can be: rural. urban. C/I …for which RMS counters are provided. 6.2 RMS implementation in the BSS RMS configuration in the OMC-R RMS with OMC-R only Templates Templates RMS in binary files PM > Templates are defined on the OMC-R > RMS results are retrieved once a day from the BSC > Binary files can be exported for post-processing Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 200 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 200 . 2 RMS implementation in the BSS RMS configuration in RNO RMS with OMC-R.6. multiband. © Alcatel 201 . NPA & RNO > Templates are defined on RNO > RMS results are retrieved once a day from the BSC > Binary files are transferred to NPA > RMS warnings on NPA > RMS QoS reports on RNO > RMS reports used in RNO • • • • Check QoS follow-up Diagnosis Tuning Benefit to whole RNO Templates Compute experience matrix PM > The Experience matrix can be generated for network planning > Excel export is adapted to RMS Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 201 All rights reserved © 2004. etc. urban. rural rapid (covering express railway). indoor. etc. Alcatel > The cell profile can be: micro. > The cell class can be: rural. > The Experience Matrix generated by RNO is an interference matrix computed from C/I measurements provided through RMS counters. • The tuning function of RNO defines a preferred RMS template depending on cell characteristics (type.).). Reference values for templates available.2 RMS implementation in the BSS RMS data flow 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 RNO defines and sends RMS templates to the OMC-R BSS The OMC-R activates an RMS campaign in the BSS 3 PM 2 RMS counters are transferred to the OMC RMS counters are 4 PM OMC-R stored in NPA NPA RMS indicators QOS 5 requested by RNO 1 RMS QOS report 6 RNP Template displayed 7 QOS RNO calculates and exports the Experience matrix Experience matrix to RNP A9156 RNO 202 All rights reserved © 2004. Extra editor in the administration tool to modify templates: – a given value or a reference one. at Cell & TRX levels (15 days). etc. capacity. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > RNO is able to define the templates for the RMS jobs and helps in defining the MAFA frequencies. • RNO manages the frequencies to monitor through MAFA jobs depending on the neighborhood and the frequency bands. • NPA makes some consolidations (voice quality. averages. © Alcatel 202 . etc. > NPA • NPA stores RMS jobs measurements. • NPA manages some warnings on RMS indicators (path balance). > RNO • • • is a reference for RMS templates: 16 templates stored in the RNO database.6. class. 2 RMS implementation in the BSS RMS data presentation > In all this chapter • System parameters (user tuneable or not) will always be written in BLUE BOLD FONT • Indicators and counters will be typed in ITALIC and underline Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 203 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 203 .6. 3 RMS data All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 204 .6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6. © Alcatel 205 .6. > additional information • Measurement results. Alcatel > The first RMS Statistics type is based on calls. in the uplink. > The two others are based on TRX/Cell.3 RMS data RMS data presentation > 3 main RMS statistics types • Call Quality Statistics which qualify calls according to coverage/interference criteria – B9 based on samples corresponding to measurement results averaged over a number of SACCH multi-frames • Radio Quality Statistics: – – – – UL/DL level. BS/MS max power > MAFA = Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation is a GSM Phase 2+ feature allowing to request a mobile to measure and report through Extended Measurement Report message a C/I value for each frequency specified in an Extended Measurement Order message. UL/DL qual CFE AMR (Analyse the coded values) Timing Advance B9 B9 • C/I Statistics on neighboring freq/MAFA freq – last 2 statistics types based on samples corresponding to measurement results Annex 1 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 205 All rights reserved © 2004. > CFE: Consecutive Frame Erasure > 1 SACCH multi-frame (SACCH mfr) corresponds to 4 consecutive sequences of 26 TDMA frames during which. TRX. a measurement report message is received by the BTS from the MS. 6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6. Alcatel © Alcatel 206 .4 Call quality statistics per TRX All rights reserved © 2004. 6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX 6.4. Alcatel © Alcatel 207 .1 Generalities All rights reserved © 2004. 1 Generalities Voice Quality problem Suspecting a Voice Quality problem > Percentage of Noisy calls Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 208 All rights reserved © 2004. In this case RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as perceived by the end user. per Cell: • Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage • Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference • Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the uplink path RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined • Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate > Note: The 4 indicators above can be provided for Noisy calls suffering from VQ problems on the dowlink path. Alcatel > The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when using Slow Frequency Hopping. > These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX. © Alcatel 208 .6. • Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate • Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate • Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate – This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterize a call as Noisy. > FER measurements are available for the uplink path only.4. i. > AV_RXLEV_xx_VQ = Average xx level measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH) > AV_RXQUAL_xx_VQ = Average xx quality measured over a Call Quality Sample (VQ_AVERAGE SACCH) © Alcatel 209 .4. Alcatel > CQS: Call Quality Sample > VQ_AVERAGE = Number of consecutive SACCH measurements from which the reported Level and Quality notes (UL and DL) are averaged.e. quality and FER of a Call Quality Sample Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 209 All rights reserved © 2004. begin CALL 480ms end CQS1 CQS2 CQS3 CQS4 CQS5 CQS6 CQS7 CQS8 CQS9 CQS10 CQS11 CQS12 CQS CQS CQS CQS 13 14 15 16 CQS375 VQ_AVERAGE = 4 SACCH 1 measurement report ⇔ 1 SACCH mfr AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ = (RxlevUL1+RxlevUL2+RxlevUL3+RxlevUL4) / 4 AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ = (RxlevDL1+RxlevDL2+RxlevDL3+RxlevDL4) / 4 AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ = (RxqualUL1+RxqualUL2+RxqualUL3+RxqualUL4) / 4 AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ = (RxqualDL1+RxqualDL2+RxqualDL3+RxqualDL4) / 4 AV_RXFER_UL_VQ = (Nb of speech frames wrongly decoded (BFI=1) / Total nb of speech frames of the CQS) Average level.1 Generalities Call Quality measurements SACCH meas. the portion of the call over which level and quality have been measured. The resulting averages represent the level and quality of the corresponding Call Quality Sample.6. > A call is classify as: • Noisy xx Interference if Ratio of xx interfered CQS > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD • Noisy xx Coverage if Ratio of xx bad coverage CQS > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD • Noisy xx Undefined if Ratio of (xx interfered CQS + xx bad coverage CQS) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD © Alcatel 210 . > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD = Ratio of bad CQS (interference or bad coverage) to classify a Call as Noisy.4.6. > VQ_RXQUAL = radio quality threshold to classify a CQS as bad coverage CQS.1 Generalities Classification of a CQS and Noisy Call identification How to qualify the quality of a call? By looking at the repartition of the CQS!: quality 7 bad quality & level bad coverage CQS bad quality + good level interfered CQS CQS VQ_RXQUAL 0 -110 VQ_RXLEV 210 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel Level (dBm) -47 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > VQ_RXLEV = radio level threshold to classify a CQS as bad coverage CQS. 6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.4.4 Call quality statistics per TRX 6. Alcatel © Alcatel 211 .2 Call quality parameters All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters: • RMSpc = PAR_VQ_AVERAGE • RMSpd = PAR_VQ_RXLEV • RMSpe = PAR_VQ_RXQUAL • RMSpf = PAR_VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER > Call Quality Sample (A CQS) will be qualified as “of bad level” if the Average RxLevel is lower than VQ_RXLEV > A CQS will be qualified as “of bad quality” if the Average RxQuality is greater than VQ_RXQUAL > For FER counters.6. VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER is used instead of VQ_RXQUAL to qualify a CQS as “of bad quality” if the Average FER is also checked (compared to VQ_xx_RXFER). > Note: For CQS.4. © Alcatel 212 .2 Call quality parameters RMS parameters Call Quality Statistics: Parameters used to determine if a call is noisy (according to RXQUAL) and of bad voice quality (according to FER) > VQ_AVERAGE: averaging window size on measurement results to obtain Call Quality Samples (CQSs) (0 SACCH mfr to 128 Smf) > VQ_RXLEV: radio level threshold to specify a bad coverage CQS for noisy call statistics (-110 to -65 dBm) > VQ_RXQUAL: radio quality threshold to specify a bad quality (RXQUAL) CQS for noisy call statistics (0 to 7) > VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER: radio quality threshold to specify a bad or a good quality CQS correlated to bad or good FER measurements for noisy call statistics (0 to 7) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 212 All rights reserved © 2004. the averaging process is non-sliding. 6.2 Call quality parameters RMS parameters Call Quality Statistics > VQ_GOOD_RXFER: Frame Erasure Rate threshold to specify a good FER CQS for noisy call statistics (0 to 20%) > VQ_BAD_RXFER: FER threshold to specify a bad FER CQS for noisy call statistics (0 to 20%) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD: Call Quality Samples threshold to characterize a call as noisy (0 to 100%) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD: Call Quality Samples threshold to characterize a call as “of bad or good” voice quality (0 to 100%) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 213 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters: • RMSpg = PAR_VQ_GOOD_RXFER • RMSph = PAR_VQ_ BAD_RXFER • RMSpi = PAR_VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD • RMSpj = PAR_VQ_FER_THRESHOLD © Alcatel 213 .4. Alcatel © Alcatel 214 .6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.4 Call quality statistics per TRX 6.3 Call quality counters All rights reserved © 2004.4. Alcatel > Call Quality Statistics counters are related only to speech channels. Considering: AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_UL AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_UL NUM_UL_SAMPLES: total number of averages calculated on UL measurements during the call on the considered TRX © Alcatel 215 .4.6.3 Call quality counters RMS counters (1/4) > VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE = RMS10 Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the uplink path > VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD • with INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times where AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 215 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > RMS10 = VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV considering AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_UL AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_UL NUM_UL_SAMPLES: total number of averages calculated on UL measurements during the call on the considered TRX > RMS11 = VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ>VQ_RXLEV considering AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXQUAL_DL AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of RXLEV_DL NUM_DL_SAMPLES: total number of averages calculated on DL measurements during the call on the considered TRX > RMS12 = VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV > RMS13 = VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV © Alcatel 216 .4.6.3 Call quality counters RMS counters (2/4) > VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE = RMS10 Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the uplink path > VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE = RMS11 Number of calls suffering from interference problem on the downlink path > VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE = RMS12 Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem on the uplink path > VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE = RMS13 Number of calls suffering from bad coverage problem on the downlink path Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 216 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > RMS14 = VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_UL_VQ > VQ_RXLEV BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL > RMS15 = VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) <= VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUALITY_DL_SAMPLES / NUM_DL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD with BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ<=VQ_RXLEV INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL and AV_RXLEV_DL_VQ > VQ_RXLEV BAD_QUALITY_DL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_DL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_DL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_DL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL © Alcatel 217 .4.6.3 Call quality counters RMS counters (3/4) > VQ_NOISY_UL_UNDEFINED = RMS14 Number of calls suffering from both problems of interference and bad coverage on the uplink path • These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_UL_COVERAGE or VQ_NOISY_UL_INTERFERENCE > VQ_NOISY_DL_UNDEFINED = RMS15 Number of calls suffering from both problems of interference and bad coverage on the downlink path • These calls are not counted in VQ_NOISY_DL_COVERAGE or VQ_NOISY_DL_INTERFERENCE Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 217 All rights reserved © 2004. 3 Call quality counters RMS counters (4/4) > VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER = RMS16 Number of calls with bad quality measurements and with bad FER measurements on the uplink path • Bad quality means bad RXQUAL whatever RXLEV is > VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER = RMS17 Number of calls with bad quality measurements but with good FER measurements on the uplink path > VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER = RMS18 Number of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 218 All rights reserved © 2004.4.6. Alcatel > RMS16 = VQ_NOISY_UL_BAD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD with BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL BAD_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and AV_RXFER_UL_VQ > VQ_BAD_RXFER considering AV_RXFER_UL_VQ: average on VQ_AVERAGE measurements of FER > RMS17 = VQ_NOISY_UL_GOOD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES / NUM_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_INTF_THRESHOLD and 100*(BAD_QUAL_GOOD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD with BAD_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = INTERFERED_UL_SAMPLES + BAD_COVERAGE_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL BAD_QUAL_GOOD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ > VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and AV_RXFER_UL_VQ <= VQ_GOOD_RXFER > RMS18 = VQ_ABNORMAL_BAD_FER is incremented whenever a call verifies: 100*(FAIR_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES / FAIR_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES) > VQ_FER_THRESHOLD with FAIR_QUALITY_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ < VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER FAIR_QUAL_BAD_FER_UL_SAMPLES = nb of times when AV_RXQUAL_UL_VQ<VQ_RXQUAL_VS_RXFER and AV_RXFER_UL_VQ>VQ_BAD_RXFER © Alcatel 218 . 6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6. Alcatel © Alcatel 219 .5 Radio quality statistics per TRX All rights reserved © 2004. 1 Generalities All rights reserved © 2004.5.5 Radio quality statistics per TRX 6.6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6. Alcatel © Alcatel 220 . 6.1 Generalities TRX hardware problem Suspecting a TRX hardware problem > Average Path Balance Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 221 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 221 . per Cell: • Vector of the Number of Measurement Results per Path Balance band RMPBV = RMS_PathBalance_sample • Average Path Balance value RMPBAN = RMS_PathBalance_avg > A Templates modification is needed to have more details. Alcatel > These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX.5. 6.5. Alcatel > The vector counter system is used to provide: • Path balance repartition • Radio Link counter (Consecutive Frame Erasure) repartition • C/I repartition • AMR FR/HR/DL/UL usage repartition • TA repartition (improved) © Alcatel 222 .1 Generalities Vector counter RMS7a=TPR_PATH_BALANCE RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE > The real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in PATH BALANCE band j is equal to: • S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254 • TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 222 All rights reserved © 2004. > If all the TRXs are experiencing a lot of samples of low level and bad quality then a coverage problem shall be suspected. Alcatel > A coverage problem is observed when a significant amount of the traffic of a cell is suffering from both low level and bad quality (RxQual). > To confirm the distribution of samples per RXLEV band. should also be considered to know the proportion of calls which are experiencing a low signal level.1 Generalities Cell coverage problem Suspecting a cell coverage problem > Distribution of samples per RxQual value and RxLev band > Distribution of samples per RxLev band Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 223 All rights reserved © 2004.6. > If a lot of samples of low level and bad quality are observed for only a sub-part of the TRXs (can be one only) then a BTS hardware problem or a problem on the aerials should be suspected. > These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX. per Cell: • Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample • Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxLev band RMQLDLVDV = RMS_DL_RxLevel_distrib • Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxQual band RMQLDQUDV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_distrib © Alcatel 223 .5. j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 © Alcatel 224 .6. is equal to : • S(RXQUAL i.1 Generalities Matrix counter TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 224 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > This counter RMS3a=TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL is a matrix – represented on the left side > This counter RMS3b=TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL is a vector – represented on the right side > The real number of Measurement Results in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j.5. RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 • TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i. 5 Radio quality statistics per TRX 6. Alcatel © Alcatel 225 .2 Radio quality parameters All rights reserved © 2004.6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.5. – MS_TXPWR is the MS transmitted power converted by the BTS from the MS power level into dBm value according to the frequency band of the TRX.6. see later) B9 > MEAS_STAT_LEV1 to MEAS_STAT_LEV9: 9 thresholds on the received radio level value defining 10 RXLEV bands -110 ≤ MEAS_STAT_LEV(i+1) ≤ MEAS_STAT_LEV(i) < -47 dBm > MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL1 to MEAS_STAT_PATH_BAL9: 9 thresholds on the radio signal propagation loss difference between UL and DL defining 10 Path Balance bands -110< MEAS_STAT_PATHBAL(i) ≤ MEAS_STAT_PATHBAL(i+1) ≤ +110 dB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 226 All rights reserved © 2004. Path Balance. © Alcatel 226 . – RXLEV_DL is the received signal levels measured by the MS on the downlink path (in dBm).MS power level • Path loss on the downlink: received level by the MS . Alcatel > All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters: • RMSpt5 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_LEV = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_LEVi • RMSpt4 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_PATH_BALANCE = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_PATH_BALi > The Path Balance is computed by the BTS from each Measurement Result message as the difference between: • Path loss on the uplink: received level by the BTS .BS power level – where the BTS power level is computed as the BTS nominal power minus by the BTS power relative level.(RXLEV_DL . Radio Link Counter and Consecutive Frame Erasure. so they must be considered when interpreting the RMS results. > NOTE: Additional asymetric DL loss (external combiner) or UL gain (TMA) are not taken into account in the computation. – BTS_MAX_OUTPUT_POWER is the maximum power of the BTS after Combiner (in dBm). TA statistics No parameters needed for AMR measurements (counters. – BS_TXPWR is the BTS transmitted power offset defined relatively to the maximum absolute output power of the BTS (negative value in dB).[BTS_MAX_OUTPUT_POWER .5. > Therefore the Path balance is computed as follows: • Path Balance = (RXLEV_UL .abs(BS_TXPWR)]) – where – RXLEV_UL is the received signal levels measured by the BTS on the uplink path (in dBm).MS_TXPWR) .2 Radio quality parameters RMS parameters (1/4) B9 Radio Quality Statistics: Parameters used to define intervals for RXLEV. a radio link recovery is triggered (BTS and MS power increased at their maximum). Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters: • RMSpt3 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_S = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_Si • RMSpb = PAR_TA_STAT • RMSpt6 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_TA = Table of value for 9 parameters: MEAS_STAT_TA1 to TA9 a threshold on Timing Advance measurement to define bands used for RMS B9 > Recall on the Uplink Radio Link Supervision procedure: • For each active dedicated radio channel in a cell. • Initial value of S = RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS (cell parameter) – – if S reaches N_BSTXPWR_M. © Alcatel 227 . incremented by 2 by the BTS each time a valid SACCH measurement is received from the mobile (SACCH_BFI=0). • Therefore the value of S gives a measure of the “quality” of the radio uplink.5.6.2 Radio quality parameters RMS parameters (2/4) B9 Radio Quality Statistics > TA_STAT: threshold on the timing advance value defining a priori the range of the cell (0 to 64 bits) B9 > MEAS_STAT_TA1 to MEAS_STAT_ TA9: 9 thresholds for the timing advance to define 10 TA Bands > MEAS_STAT_S1 to MEAS_STAT_S9: 9 thresholds on the BTS Radio Link Counter S value defining 10 S bands 0 < MEAS_STAT_S(i) ≤ MEAS_STAT_S(i+1) ≤ 128 SACCH mfr – – – – S: counter managed by the BTS on a per call basis S = RADIOLINK_TIMEOUT_BS if good radio conditions S decremented if bad radio conditions The BSS triggers a call drop when S = 0 227 All rights reserved © 2004. if S reaches 0. a counter “S” called Radio Link Counter is: – – decremented by 1 by the BTS each time an SACCH measurement from the mobile cannot be decoded (SACCH_BFI=1). a Radio Link Failure is triggered (channel drop). Alcatel > All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters: • RMSpt2 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_BFI = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_BFIi > Consecutive Frame Erasure (CFE): • MEAS_STAT_BFIi parameters define 9 intervals of cumulated numbers of consecutive speech frames which have a Bad Frame Indicator value set to 1 (it means that the speech frame is considered as erroneous by the BTS). SACCH_BFI should be used.6. © Alcatel 228 .2 Radio quality parameters RMS parameters (4/4) Radio Quality Statistics: > MEAS_STAT_BFI1 to MEAS_STAT_BFI9: 9 thresholds on the number of consecutive speech frames with BFI set to 1 defining 10 BFI bands 0 < MEAS_STAT_BFI(i) ≤ MEAS_STAT_BFI(i+1) ≤ 25 speech frame > The BTS decodes 24 speech frames (sf) from 1 uplink SACCH multiframe: TDMA: 4. As the TC will erase speech frames for which a Bad Frame Indicator flag (BFI) has been set to the value 1 by the BTS.5. When considering SACCH measurement.616ms T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H S A C C H SACCH mfr T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H S A C C H T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H S A C C H T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H S A C C H T T T T T T T T T T T T C C C C C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H H H H H Sf 1 Sf 2 Sf 3 Sf 4 Sf 5 Sf 6 Sf 7 Sf 8 Sf 9 Sf 10 Sf 11 Sf 12 Sf 13 Sf 14 Sf 15 Sf 16 Sf 17 Sf 18 Sf 19 Sf 20 Sf 21 Sf 22 Sf 23 Sf 24 and 1 SACCH frame (or block) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 228 All rights reserved © 2004. a BFI relates to a speech frame. • Note: By default. a BFI is used in the RMS counters description whereas the CFE is used in the RMS indicators defined in the RNO tool. 3 Radio quality counters All rights reserved © 2004.6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.5. Alcatel © Alcatel 229 .5 Radio quality statistics per TRX 6. j) x TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 © Alcatel 230 . RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL(i. RXLEV band j).6. is equal to: S(RXQUAL i. each element is made up of: • Samplesij: norm of number of measurement result samples in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j • MS PWR levelij: average value of MS power (in dBm) from pwr levels reported in these samples • Timing Advanceij: average value of TAs reported in these samples > TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL: vector of 10 elements ULRXQUAL(RXLEV band j).3 Radio quality counters RMS counters (1/7) Radio Quality Statistics > TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL: matrix of 8x10 elements UL(RXQUAL i. Alcatel RMS3a=TPR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL RMS3b=TMR_RXQUAL_UL_RXLEV_UL The real number of Measurement Results in which UL RxQual is equal to i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j.5. each element is made up of: • the maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which UL RxQual is equal to i (i=0 to 7) and UL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 230 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel RMS4a=TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL RMS4b=TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL The real number of Measurement Results in which DL RxQual is equal to i and DL RxLev is in RXLEV band j.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters (2/7) Radio Quality Statistics > TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL: matrix of 8x10 elements DL(RXQUAL i. RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(j) / 254 TPR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL(i. each element is made up of: • Samplesij: norm of number of measurement result samples in which DL RxQual is equal to i and DL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j • BS PWR levelij: average value of BS power (in dBm) from pwr levels reported in these samples • Timing Advanceij: average value of TAs reported in these samples > TMR_RXQUAL_DL_RXLEV_DL: vector of 10 elements DLRXQUAL(RXLEV band j).5.j) x TMR_ _DL_RXLEV_DL(j) © Alcatel 231 . each element is made up of: • the maximum value of the 8 real numbers of samples in which DL RxQual is equal to i (i=0 to 7) and DL RxLev is reported in RXLEV band j Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 231 All rights reserved © 2004. is equal to: S(RXQUAL i.6. RXLEV band j). 5. Alcatel RMS7a=TPR_PATH_BALANCE RMS7b=MAX_PATH_BALANCE The real number of Measurement Results in which Path balance is in PATH BALANCE band j. is equal to: S(PATH BALANCE band j) x Max / 254 TPR_PATH_BALANCE(j) x MAX_PATH_BALANCE / 254 © Alcatel 232 . each element is made up of: • the norm of number of measurement result samples for which the computed Path Balance is in PATH BALANCE band j > MAX_PATH_BALANCE: • the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed Path Balance is in PATH BALANCE band j (j=1 to 10) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 232 All rights reserved © 2004.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters (3/7) Radio Quality Statistics > TPR_PATH_BALANCE: vector of 10 elements UL/DL(PATH BALANCE band j).6. 3 Radio quality counters RMS counters (4/7) Radio Quality Statistics > TPR_RADIO_LINK: vector of 10 elements UL(S band j). is equal to: S(S band j) x Max / 254 TPR_RADIO_LINK(j) x MAX_RADIO_LINK / 254 © Alcatel 233 . each element is made up of: • the norm of number of measurement result samples for which the Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j > MAX_RADIO_LINK: • the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j (j=1 to 10) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 233 All rights reserved © 2004.6. Alcatel RMS6a=TPR_RADIO_LINK RMS6b=MAX_RADIO_LINK The real number of Measurement Results in which Uplink Radio Link Counter is in S band j.5. 5.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters (5/7) Radio Quality Statistics > TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL: matrix of 10x10 elements UL(BFI i. each element is made up of: • the norm of number of SACCH multi-frames in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev reported in the corresponding measurement results is in RXLEV band j > TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL: vector of 10 elements ULBFI(RXLEV band j). each element is made up of: • the maximum value of the 10 real numbers of SACCH multiframes in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i (i=0 to 9) and UL RxLev reported in the corresponding measurement results is in RXLEV band j Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 234 All rights reserved © 2004. is equal to: S(BFI i. RXLEV band j) x Max j / 254 TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(i.6. RXLEV band j). Alcatel RMS5a=TPR_BFI_RXLEV_UL RMS5b= TPM_BFI_RXLEV_UL The real number of Measurement Results in which the number of consecutive speech frames with BFIs set to 1 is in BFI band i and UL RxLev is in RXLEV band j.j) x TMR_BFI_RXLEV_UL(j) / 254 © Alcatel 234 . 110 + INT[(10+11+9+12+12+11+11+10+3+2+0+8+9+5+3+7+2+1+2+7+3+8+2+3+5)/25] = -104 dBm Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 235 All rights reserved © 2004. CFE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 RxLev UL 10 11 9 12 12 11 11 10 3 2 0 8 9 5 3 7 2 1 2 7 3 8 2 3 5 Av_RxLev_UL= . Alcatel © Alcatel 235 .3 Radio quality counters RMS counters (6/7) Radio Quality Statistics > The BTS increments the BFI (or CFE) counter as soon as consecutive speech frames cannot be decoded • isolated speech frames with BFIs set to 1 are not counted • sequences of not decoded speech frames are cumulated SACCH mfr 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 BFI 0 Sf 1 Sf 2 Sf 3 Sf 4 Sf 5 Sf 6 Sf 7 Sf 8 Sf 9 Sf 10 Sf 11 Sf 12 Sf 13 Sf 14 Sf 15 Sf 16 Sf 17 Sf 18 Sf 19 Sf 20 Sf 21 Sf 22 Sf 23 Sf 24 SACCH f.6.5. 3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for AMR Monitoring (1/4) B9 Radio Quality Statistics To provide a better tool to dimensioning the AMR thresholds.6. Alcatel © Alcatel 236 . B9 introduce a new set of RMS counters to verify the use of different speech codecs: For Full Rate and Uplink: > AMR_FR_UL_BAD= RMS44a that has 8 cells (1 for each FR codec) with the relative number of bad speech frames received in uplink. • AMR FR codec used in uplink (TRX based) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 236 All rights reserved © 2004. > MAX_AMR_FR_UL_BAD= RMS44b that indicates the maximum number of bad speech frames received in uplink in one FR codec.5. 6.5.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for AMR Monitoring (2/4) B9 Radio Quality Statistics AMR thresholds. • AMR HR codec used in uplink (TRX based) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 237 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 237 . > MAX_AMR_HR_UL_BAD= RMS45b that indicates the maximum number of bad speech frames received in uplink in one HR codec. different speech codecs: For Half Rate and Uplink: > AMR_HR_UL_BAD= RMS45a that has 8 cells (1 for each HR codec) with the relative number of bad speech frames received in uplink. UL & DL > AMR_FR_UL_RXLEV_UL= RMS46a that has a table (8x10) with relative number of correct speech frames received in uplink in each AMR FR codec (8 codecs) and each level band (10 level bands). Alcatel > AMR-FR codec usage compared to RXLEV > RXLEV UL bands are defined as follows : © Alcatel 238 . Each cell Ci of the table indicates the greatest value of the Vik for a i given in RMS47a. > MAX_AMR_FR_DL_RXLEV_DL= RMS47b that has a table of 10 maximum results. different speech codecs: For Full Rate. Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 238 All rights reserved © 2004.5.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for AMR Monitoring (3/4) B9 Radio Quality Statistics AMR Table.6. > AMR_FR_DL_RXLEV_DL= RMS47a that has a table (8x10) with relative number of correct speech frames received in downlink in each AMR FR codec (8 codecs) and each level band (10 level bands). Each cell Ci of the table indicates the greatest value of the Vik for a i given in RMS46a. > MAX_AMR_FR_UL_RXLEV_UL= RMS46b that has the 10 maximum results. UL & DL > AMR_HR_UL_RXLEV_UL= RMS48a that has a table (5x10) with relative number of correct speech frames received in uplink in each AMR HR codec (5 codecs) and each level band (10 level bands). different speech codecs: For Half Rate.6. Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 239 All rights reserved © 2004.5.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for AMR Monitoring (4/4) B9 Radio Quality Statistics AMR Table. Each cell Ci of the table indicates the greatest value of the Vik for a i given in RMS48a. > AMR_HR_DL_RXLEV_DL= RMS49a that has a table (5x10) with relative number of correct speech frames received in downlink in each AMR HR codec (5 codecs) and each level band (10 level bands). Each cell Ci of the table indicates the greatest value of the Vik for a i given in RMS49a. > MAX_AMR_HR_DL_RXLEV_DL= RMS49b that has a table of 10 maximum results. > MAX_AMR_HR_UL_RXLEV_UL= RMS48b that has a table of 10 maximum results. Alcatel > AMR-HR codec usage compared to RXLEV > RXLEV UL bands are defined as follows : © Alcatel 239 . 6. Alcatel > Corresponding RMS counter numbers: • RMS36 = PERC_TA_GT_TA_STAT • RMS37 = MAX_TA © Alcatel 240 .5.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for Timing Advance (1/3) Radio Quality Statistics > PERC_TA_GT_TA_STAT: • percentage of measurement results reported with a Timing Advance value > TA_STAT parameter > MAX_TA: • maximum value of Timing Advance among all TA values reported in the measurement results used for RMS Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 240 All rights reserved © 2004. 6. (Rxlev for UL and DL) • TPR_TIMING_ADVANCE= RMS50a that has 10 cells(1 for each timing advance band) with relative number of measurements in each Timing advance band. • MAX_TIMING_ADVANCE = RMS50b that has the greatest number of measurements in one Timing advance band. Alcatel > The distribution of number of measurement reports for which the value of timing advance is in TA band X is described below: > There are 10 TA bands which are defined through 9 thresholds parameters. TRX Based. Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 241 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 241 . To save on the memory resources. N1 to N10. • TPR_DL_RXLEV_TA_BAND= RMS52 that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of downlink rxlev in corresponding timing advance band.5. these counters are sent to the BSC in a coded format. using the RMS_parameters_template : TA band 1 is defined by: 0 <= TA < Meas_STAT_TA_1 TA band 2 is defined by: MEAS_STAT_TA_1 <= TA < MEAS_STAT_TA_2 • … TA band 10 is defined by: MEAS_STAT_TA_9 <= TA < 63 > The TRE counts for each TA band the number of measurement results. • TPR_UL_RXLEV_TA_BAND= RMS51 that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of uplink rxlev in corresponding timing advance band.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for Timing Advance (2/3) B9 > A new set of RMS counters related with timing advance analysis. tunable on a cell basis. i = 1. MEAS_STAT_LEV_10 = 63 bper. 0 coded 0.).. Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 242 All rights reserved © 2004. 0.3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for Timing Advance (3/3) Uplink: B9 > A new set of RMS counters related with timing advance analysis.10 TA band i is defined by : MEAS_STAT_TA_ (i-1)<= Timing Advance < MEAS_STAT_TA_i MEAS_STAT_TA_0 = 0 bper.6.5. > TPR_DL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS54 Table of 10 results same for Downlink.. .. Each cell (i) of the table contains : average value of UpLink Rxqual of reports in TA band i.01. Alcatel > TPR_UL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS53 Table of 10 results.01 coded 1. Averaged Rxqual is given with a precision of 2 digits after the comma (step size for coding = 0. • TPR_UL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS53: Table of 10 results that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of uplink rxqual in corresponding timing advance band. © Alcatel 242 .. Downlink: • TPR_DL_RXQUAL_TA_BAND= RMS54 Table of 10 results that has 10 cells (1 for each timing advance band) with average of uplink rxqual in corresponding timing advance band. • The power takes into account the different losses (cables.6. internal combiners) and the internal/ external leveling but it does not take into account the BS-TXPWR-MAX. internal combiners) • TRX Based Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 243 All rights reserved © 2004.e. The power takes into account the different losses (cables. Alcatel > MAX_POWER_PER_TRX= RMSPw3 Maximum GMSK TRX power level applied at the BTS antenna output connector in dBm. attenuation required by the OMC_R. for the TRE on which is mapped that TRX).5. © Alcatel 243 .3 Radio quality counters RMS counters for Timing Advance (3/3) B9 > MAX_POWER_PER_TRX Maximum GMSK TRX power level applied at the BTS antenna output connector in dBm. If the feature “unbalancing TRX output power per BTS sector" is activated (parameter “EnUnbalanced-Output-Power” set to 1). the counter is set by the BTS to the power required by the BSC for the corresponding TRE (i. Alcatel © Alcatel 244 .6 C/I statistics All rights reserved © 2004.6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6. 6. Alcatel © Alcatel 245 .6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.6 C/I statistics 6.1 C/I Generalities All rights reserved © 2004. the "vector method" already seen for previous RMS statistics will be used for C/I counters > C/I expressed in logarithmic scale (dB) • (C/I)dB = CdBm . Alcatel © Alcatel 246 .6.1 C/I Generalities Storage and computation methods > In order to provide an efficient storage.10 log10(ImW) = 10 log10(C/I)mW Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 246 All rights reserved © 2004.IdBm = 10 log10(CmW) .6. Alcatel © Alcatel 247 .6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.2 C/I Parameters All rights reserved © 2004.6 C/I statistics 6.6. Alcatel Annex 2 > All these parameters are included in the RMS PM Type 31 result files as RMS counters: • RMSpt1 = TAB_PAR_MEAS_STAT_C/I = Table of 9 parameters MEAS_STAT_C_Ii • RMSpa = PAR_EN_BALANCED_CI • RMSp80 = NEIGB_CELL_ID • RMSp90 = Frequency ARFCN > For C/I statistics per neighboring cell: • The C/I ratio is computed by the BTS from each Measurement Result message as the difference between: – the downlink signal level measured by the MS on the serving TCH channel = C (dBm) – the downlink signal level measured by the MS on the neighboring BCCH channel = I (dBm) • Two computation formulae may be used taking into account a corrective factor in case DL Power Control is used in the serving cell: – If EN_BALANCED_CI = False – then C/I (dB) = RXLEV_DL (dBm) .RXLEV_NCELL (dBm) – else C/I (dB) = RXLEV_DL + abs(BS_TXPWR .RXLEV_NCELL – The expression (RXLEV_DL + abs(BS_TXPWR .6.BS_TXPWR_MAX)) can be seen as a kind of normalized received power level in case the BTS would always have used the maximum allowed transmit power level on the TCH channel.BS_TXPWR_MAX) . © Alcatel 248 .6.2 C/I parameters RMS parameters C/I statistics: parameters defining intervals for C/I statistics > MEAS_STAT_C_I1 to MEAS_STAT_C_I9: 9 thresholds on the Carrier/Interference ratio defining 10 C/I bands -63 < MEAS_STAT_C_I(i) ≤ MEAS_STAT_C_I(i+1) ≤ +63 dB > EN_BALANCED_CI: boolean indicating if the C/I value reported by the BTS is balanced or not > NEIGB_CELL_ID: (BCCH. > For C/I statistics per MAFA frequency: • The C/I ratio is computed by the BTS from each Extended Measurement Report message in the same way as the C/I ratio per neighboring cell.BSIC) of the neighboring cell for which the C/I statistics per neighboring cell are reported > Frequency ARFCN: ARFCN of the frequency for which the C/I statistics per MAFA frequency are reported Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 248 All rights reserved © 2004. 6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.3 C/I Counters All rights reserved © 2004.6 C/I statistics 6.6. Alcatel © Alcatel 249 . If the number of reported cells is above the dimensioning limit (maximum 42 CI-vectors are reported).3 C/I counters RMS counters C/I statistics per neighboring cell > TPR_CIN: vector of 10 elements C/In(C/I band j). each element is made up of: • the norm of number of measurement result samples for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j > MR_CIN: • maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j (j=1 to 10) TPR_CIN and MR_CIN counters are provided for up to 42 neighboring cells Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 250 All rights reserved © 2004. the BTS will handle the same for both cases. However. the extra new reported frequencies are not taken into account anymore.e. their BSIC matches what is expected at the BSC side) but some of them are unknown (their BSIC does not match). In the result report. The RMS results report shall include all reported neighboring cells. is equal to: S(C/I band j) x Max / 254 TPR_CIN(j) x TMR_CIN / 254 For each declared/reported neighboring cell. the related overflow indicator is set accordingly. The list of frequencies to be monitored by the mobile is limited to 33 but due to ‘resurgence’.6.6. Alcatel RMS8a=TPR_CIN RMS8b=TMR_CIN For each reported neighboring cell (BCCH/BSIC): the Real number of Measurement Results for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j. the identification of this cell shall be done as follows: BCCH_ARFCN and BSIC. © Alcatel 250 . the same frequency can be reported several times (each time with a different BSIC). The BCCH ARFCN is deduced in the BTS from the BCCH frequency index and the list of indexed frequencies (sent by the BSC at the beginning of the RMS job). Some of them correspond to known cells at the BSS level (i. The BCCH frequency of the serving cell shall always be part of the EMO-frequency list. © Alcatel 251 . only the first 21 are reported. Hence the maximum in the report is 21 also.6. The maximum number of frequencies in the order (EMO) is the maximum defined in GSM (=21). This list is built by the OMC-R and passed via BSC to BTS at the beginning of the RMS job. the identification of this frequency shall be done as follows: Frequency ARFCN . is equal to: S(C/I band j) x Max / 254 TPR_CIF(j) x TMR_CIF / 254 For each reported MAFA frequency. In case of a frequency reported via an Extended Measurement Reporting. The ARFCN value of the frequency is deduced in the BTS from the place of the measurement in the EXTENDED_ MEASUREMENT_REPORT and from the ordered frequency list in the Extended Measurement Order. more results are available (future expansion in GSM). no BSIC is required: the frequency ARFCN is not directly linked to a BCCH frequency.6.3 C/I counters RMS counters C/I statistics per MAFA frequency > TPR_CIF: vector of 10 elements C/If(C/I band j). each element is made up of: • the norm of number of Extended Measurement Results samples for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j > MR_CIF: • maximum value of the 10 real numbers of samples for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j (j=1 to 10) TPR_CIF and MR_CIF counters are provided for up to 21 frequencies (serving cell BCCH + 20 MAFA frequencies) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 251 All rights reserved © 2004. When in exceptional cases. Alcatel RMS9a=TPR_CIF RMS9b=TMR_CIF For each reported MAFA frequency (ARFCN): computed the Real number of Extended Measurement Results for which the computed Carrier/Interference ratio is in C/I band j. 6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.7 RMS indicators usage All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 252 . In this case. Alcatel > The fact that FER measurements are more reliable than RXQUAL ones to assess the VQ is even more true when using Slow Frequency Hopping. > FER measurements are available for the uplink path only. per Cell: • Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQULVN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_bad_coverage • Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference on the uplink path RMVQUIFN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_interference • Number of Noisy calls suffering from problem of interference and bad coverage considered together on the uplink path RMVQUUKN = RMS_call_noisy_UL_undefined • Rate of Noisy calls suffering from problems of interference or/and bad coverage on the uplink path RMVQUNOR = RMS_call_noisy_UL_rate > Note: The 4 indicators above can be provided for Noisy calls suffering of VQ problems on the dowlink path. > These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX. interference or with an undefined cause > FER is more reliable than RXQUAL to assess VQ > Noisy calls indicators can also be computed from FER measurements • Noisy calls with bad or good FER • Calls not detected as noisy but with bad FER Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 253 All rights reserved © 2004. • Rate of Noisy calls but with good FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEGR = RMS_call_noisy_good_FER_rate • Rate of Noisy calls and also with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEBR = RMS_call_noisy_bad_FER_rate • Rate of calls with fair quality measurements but with bad FER measurements on the uplink path RMVQFEAR = RMS_call_abnormal_bad_FER_rate – This last indicator can be used in order to tune the RMS VQ parameters used to characterize a call as Noisy.7 RMS indicators usage Voice quality problem Suspecting a Voice Quality problem > Percentage of Noisy calls Voice Quality indicators are based on calls Noisy calls are associated with a cause of bad coverage. © Alcatel 253 .6. RXQUAL values are not anymore correlated to Voice Quality as perceived by the end user. > If a lot of samples of low level and bad quality are observed for only a sub-part of the TRXs (can be one only) then a BTS hardware problem or a problem on the aerials should be suspected.6. > These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX. should be also considered to know the proportion of calls which are experiencing a low signal level. > To confirm the distribution of samples per RXLEV band. Alcatel > A coverage problem is observed when a significant amount of the traffic of a cell is suffering from both low level and bad quality (RxQual).7 RMS indicators usage Cell coverage problem Suspecting a cell coverage problem > Distribution of samples per RxQual value and RxLev band Not acceptable coverage limit: Too low level Too bad quality > Distribution of samples per RxLev band Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 254 All rights reserved © 2004. > If all the TRXs are experiencing a lot of samples of low level and bad quality then a coverage problem shall be suspected. per Cell: • Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample • Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxLev band RMQLDLVDV = RMS_DL_RxLevel_distrib • Vector of Percentage of Samples per DL RxQual band RMQLDQUDV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_distrib © Alcatel 254 . the average TA value per RXQUAL value and RXLEV band as well as the Percentage of TA values over the TA threshold should be observed.7 RMS indicators usage Cell coverage problem Suspecting a cell coverage problem > Average TA values per RxQual value and RxLev band Not acceptable coverage limit: Too low level Too bad quality Acceptable coverage limit: Sufficient level and good quality % of TA value over TA threshold has also to be considered Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 255 All rights reserved © 2004.6. Alcatel > In order to know if the coverage problem is due to a big amount of traffic at the cell border or rather to indoor calls. • Matrix of Average TA per UL RxQual value and per UL RxLev band RMQLUTAM = RMS_UL_RxQuality_RxLevel_TimingAdvance • Rate of Measurements Results whose TA is greater than the TA threshold RMTAGTR = RMS_TimingAdvance_greater_threshold_rate • Maximum TA value of all values reported in Measurement Results RMTAMXN = RMS_TimingAdvance_max © Alcatel 255 . Alcatel © Alcatel 256 .7 RMS indicators usage RMS Exercise 1 > Give the list of the RMS counters and parameters used in the 3 previous slides Time allowed: 10 minutes Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 256 All rights reserved © 2004.6. 7 RMS indicators usage RMS exercise 2 Time allowed: 10 minutes > What does this graph represent? > Interpret this graph 257 All rights reserved © 2004.6. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 257 . 6.7 RMS indicators usage Cell interference problem Suspecting a cell interference problem > Number of samples per RxQual value and RxLev band Average DL RxQuality = 0.34 RMS results show no problem of radio link quality in this cell Average RxQual value per RxLev band has also to be considered Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 258 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > These RMS indicators are provided on the RNO tool per TRX, per Cell: • Matrix of Number of Measurement Results per DL RxQual value and per DL RxLev band RMQLDSAM = RMS_DL_RxQuality_RxLevel_sample • Vector of Average DL RxQual per RxLev band RMQLDQUAV = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg_per_RxLevel • Average DL RxQuality RMQLDQUAN = RMS_DL_RxQuality_avg © Alcatel 258 6.7 RMS indicators usage RMS exercise 3 Average DL RxQuality = 2.81 Average RxQual value per RxLev band has also to be considered Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 259 > Interpret this graph All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 259 6.7 RMS indicators usage RMS exercise 4 Time allowed: 15 minutes Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 260 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 260 6.7 RMS indicators usage RMS exercise 5 Time allowed: 10 minutes > Interpret this graph 261 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 261 6 RADIO MEASUREMENT STATISTICS INDICATORS 6.8 Additional information All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel © Alcatel 262 6.8 Additional information RMS counters (1/3) Counters used for: > post-processing the RMS results provided per TRX • • • • • • TOT_SEIZ_TCH: number of TCH channels successfully seized by the MS TOT_MEAS: number of Measurement Results used for RMS TOT_MEAS_L1INFO_NOL3INFO: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics for which Layer 1 info is present but Layer 3 is missing TOT_MEAS_DTX_UL: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics for which DTX UL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr TOT_MEAS_DTX_DL: number of Measurement Results used for RMS statistics for which DTX DL was used in the corresponding SACCH mfr TOT_EMR: number of Extended Measurement Results used for RMS statistics Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 263 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > Corresponding RMS counter numbers: • RMS31 = TOT_SEIZ_TCH • RMS32 = TOT_MEAS • RMS33 = TOT_MEAS_L1INFO_NOL3INFO • RMS34 = TOT_MEAS_DTX_UL • RMS35 = TOT_MEAS_DTX_DL • RMS38 = TOT_EMR > Note: • If during an SACCH measurement, DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL =1), the counters on consecutive BFIs (RMS5a, RMS5b) shall not be incremented and the corresponding measurement result shall not be taken into account in these RMS counters. • If during an SACCH measurement, DTX is applied on the uplink path (DTX_UL = 1), the FER measurement does not take place. © Alcatel 263 6.8 Additional information RMS counters (2/3) Counters used for: > interpreting the RMS results provided per TRX • TRE_BAND: frequency band of the TRX • BS_TX_PWRMAX: effective maximum output power of the BTS on any channel of the TRX as an offset from the maximum absolute output power (in dB) • MS_TX_PWRMAX: effective maximum output power of the MS using any channel of the TRX (in dBm) • IND_TRE_OVERLOAD: boolean indicating if the TRE handling the TRX function has experienced a data loss due to a processor overload during the RMS campaign • IND_RMS_RESTARTED: boolean indicating if the RMS job has been restarted on the concerned TRE during the RMS campaign due to a modification of the RMS parameter values or a TRE reset Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 264 All rights reserved © 2004, Alcatel > Corresponding RMS counter numbers: RMS20 = TRE_BAND • RMSpw1 = BS_TX_PWRMAX • RMSpw2 = MS_TX_PWRMAX • RMS21 = IND_TRE_OVERLOAD • RMS22 = IND_RMS_RESTARTED © Alcatel 264 Alcatel > Corresponding RMS counter numbers: • RMS23 = IND_CI_PARTIAL_OBSERVATION • RMS24 = IND_CI_OVERFLOW © Alcatel 265 .6. BSIC) has not been taken into account in RMS statistics) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 265 All rights reserved © 2004.8 Additional information RMS counters (3/3) Counters used for: > interpreting the C/I RMS results provided per TRX • IND_CI_PARTIAL_OBSERVATION: made up of 2 booleans indicating that: – – C/In computation has been restarted due to the modification of the list of neighboring cells during the RMS campaign C/If computation has been restarted due to the modification of the list of MAFA frequencies during the RMS campaign • IND_CI_OVERFLOW: boolean indicating that the upper limit of 42 C/I sets of counters has been exceeded (each new reported neighboring cell (BCCH. 7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 266 . 4 Resource occupancy indicators • 7.7 Traffic indicators Section presentation > Objective: to be able to describe BSS traffic indicators used for radio resource dimensioning > Program: • 7.6 Preemption indicators Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 267 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 267 .3 TCH resource allocation indicators • 7.2 Basis of traffic theory • 7.1 Call mix definition • 7.5 Traffic model indicators • 7. 7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS 7. Alcatel © Alcatel 268 .1 Call mix definition All rights reserved © 2004. SCCP • etc. TCH and SCCP • Terminated Call: PCH. • and so on (data. originating or terminating) • SS (Supplementary Service) (I. new updating. Alcatel > In a GSM network. RACH. etc. SDCCH and SCCP • Originated Call: RACH.) • SMS (Short Message Service.) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 269 All rights reserved © 2004. AGCH. SDCCH. TCH and SCCP • Handover: TCH.7. etc. © Alcatel 269 . ~imsi_detach • Hand Over (intra-cell. AGCH. SDCCH. SMS-CB. ~imsi_attach. telecom procedures involve different kinds of resource in the BSS: • Location Update: RACH. external.e: number presentation) • Paging • and also Originating and Terminating calls. etc. AGCH. there are a lot of different transactions : • location update: periodic. internal.1 Call mix definition GSM transactions > In a GSM Network. one can measure: • 900 calls (600 TCs. a Call Mix is assessed from Marketing Studies or observations from other networks. © Alcatel 270 . > Before network design. • data measured from the living network.1 Call mix definition GSM transactions > One can quantify the number of each transaction per hour > For example.2 seconds Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 270 All rights reserved © 2004.7. for one cell. 450 external) • 100 SMSs • 5 SSs • 6000 pagings • With the following characteristics • mean call duration on TCH: 50 seconds • mean SDCCH duration: 3. Alcatel > A Call mix can be defined through: • data given by the Marketing team. The duration of a call from call setup to call release is an NSS notion. > Caution: Call duration means here TCH duration. a Call Mix is measured from the real traffic. 300 OCs) • 3600 LUs (any type) • 1350 HOs (900 internal. > After commercial opening. – the traffic per subscriber (in mErl). the number of calls per hour will be measured from traffic counters. © Alcatel 271 .5 (2/3 internal.7. Alcatel : : : : : : : : 900 (2/3 TC) 4 1.1 Call mix definition Example > Set of such measurements is called "call mix" • sometimes improperly called "traffic model" > Usually presented in the following way: • Calls /hour • LU/call • HO/Call external) • SMS/Call • SS/call • Paging/hour • mean call duration on TCH • mean SDCCH duration Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 271 All rights reserved © 2004. > Usually the Marketing team will provide: • on a per geographical area or morphostructure basis: – the traffic per km2 (in Erlang). 1/3 11 % 5% 6000 90 seconds 4.2 seconds > After commercial opening. • the number of calls per hour. 7. © Alcatel 272 .1 Call mix definition Variation > A call mix is varying a lot: • from a cell to another – – – – TCH traffic (induced by subscribers) number of LU/call and HO/call (induced by network design) by default: busy hour modification of traffic intensity and distribution • from one hour to another • from one year to another Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 272 All rights reserved © 2004. an SMS/call is often higher than the average. Alcatel > On some university campus. © Alcatel 273 . BTS. SDCCH. PCH congestion • Some examples of "risky" call mix Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 273 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > A Call Mix will be used at Radio Network Design and Radio Network Planning stages in order to define the capacity of the network (number of sites. TRXs per site. BSC and MSC CPU processor too many LU/Calls: SDCCH congestion. A-PCM). TCU load. radio configuration.7. MSC overload too many HO/calls: speech quality. call drop. > When the network is in operation. number of Abis-PCM. DTC load too many calls: TCH congestion too many paging: DTC processor load. TTCH.1 Call mix definition Usage > Interests of call mix: Input data for dimensioning • Cell and BSC resources dimensioning – – – – – RTCH. a Call Mix is used in order to anticipate network extension or redimensioning. Alcatel © Alcatel 274 .7. but the trend has to be monitored • HO/Call: less critical (1 is good) – • Call: to be checked with an Erlang table (seen in next session) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 274 All rights reserved © 2004. 4 and more can be dangerous – beware of the Network or BSC averages which can hide critical cells 2 or 3 is not a direct problem. 2 is "bad".1 Call mix definition Advises > Some advises • LU/CALL: 1 is "good". 7.1 Call mix definition Exercise > Compute the call mix of a cell according the following information • 256 call/hour • 1300 LU/hour • 450 HO/hour > Is it complete? > What are the risks of such a call mix? Time allowed: 15 minutes Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 275 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 275 . 2 Basis of traffic theory All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 276 .7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS 7. observed during 1 hour • one can observe 2 calls: 1 of 80 seconds and 1 of 100 seconds T = (80+100)/3600 = 0.7.2 Basis of traffic theory Erlang definition > ERLANG: unit used to quantify traffic (intensity) T = (resource usage duration) / (total observation duration) [ERLANG] > Example: • For 1 TCH. Alcatel © Alcatel 277 .05 ERLANG Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 277 All rights reserved © 2004. 75 Erlang Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 278 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 278 .7.26 ERLANGS SDCCH = [ (350+350*3) * 4.5 seconds • Computation of Carried Erlang TCH = (350*85)/3600: 8.2 Basis of traffic theory Erlang from call mix CALL MIX => ERLANG > Call mix example: • 350 call/hour • 3 LU/call • TCH mean call duration: 85 seconds • SDCCH mean duration: 4.5 ] / 3600 = 1. the call arrival frequency is ruled by the POISSON law > Erlang B law: relationship between: • offered traffic • number of resources • blocking rate Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 279 All rights reserved © 2004.7. Alcatel © Alcatel 279 .2 Basis of traffic theory Erlang B law > In a Telecom system. > Therefore the higher the blocking rate the worse is the approximation of the Erlang B law. • the subscriber does not repeat his call request if rejected. which is almost never the case.7. Alcatel > The Erlang B law is not fully accurate since it assumes that: • the subscriber requests are not queued which is not always the case (TCH queued in the BSC). > The Erlang C law modelizes better the TCH resource usage of the BSS since it takes into account the queuing. © Alcatel 280 .2 Basis of traffic theory Erlang B law > The call request arrival rate (and leaving) is not stable number of resources = average number of requests * mean duration is sometimes not sufficient => probability of blocking => Erlang B law • Pblock: blocking probability • N: number of resources • E: offered traffic [Erlang] Offered Rejected Carried Telecom system > Good approximation when the blocking rate is low (< 5 %) E P block = N N! ∑ N k =0 E k k! Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 280 All rights reserved © 2004. > However the Erlang C law is never used since parameters like size of the queue and time spent into the queue have to be tuned. Alcatel © Alcatel 281 . Pblock) Channels = f (T. Pblock) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 281 All rights reserved © 2004. Nc) Offered = f (Nc.7.2 Basis of traffic theory Erlang B formulae > There are two different ways to use this law • Using Abacus • Using SW (here Excel) – – – Pblock = f (T. 2 Basis of traffic theory Erlang B abacus Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 282 All rights reserved © 2004.7. Alcatel © Alcatel 282 . 7. with 60 TCH channels Maximum blocking rate: 2 % • Erlang law: 50 Offered Erlang • 83 % of TCH resources used to reach 2% of blocking Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 283 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Basis of traffic theory Erlang B example > Example: 1 cell with 8 TRXs. Alcatel © Alcatel 283 . Alcatel © Alcatel 284 . Pblock = 2% 25 % resources less => => T = 0.1 E 25% resources used to reach 2% blocking • if we decide to provide SMSCB (Cell Broadcast information). – – 4 SDCCHs. the Erlang B law is not linear: • If we use for example a combined BCCH with a micro BTS.2 Basis of traffic theory Non linearity of Erlang B > But be careful.7. Pblock = 2% => T = 1. 1 SDCCH stolen for CBCH – – 3 SDCCH.6 E 50 % Traffic less!! Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 284 All rights reserved © 2004. the LA plan.1%) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 285 All rights reserved © 2004. SMS. compute the number of TRXs (and SDCCH) needed to carry it => What is the accepted blocking rate? > default blocking rate • RTCH: 2 % • SDCCH: 0. etc. some typical configurations are used according to the number of TRXs in the cell. Indeed SDCCH is not only due to subscriber traffic but also to Location Update. Alcatel > The Erlang B law is less relevant for SDCCH dimensioning since SDCCH traffic cannot be modelized like TCH traffic. © Alcatel 285 . IMSI Detach.2 Basis of traffic theory Cell dimensioning > Given an Offered traffic.7.5 % • (for BSC TTCH: 0. > For SDCCH dimensioning. architecture) • to handle an offered traffic of 12 Erlangs (RTCH). 21 TCHs. Alcatel © Alcatel 286 . then the number of TRXs Channels (12. compute the number of channels.2%) = 19 example: 3 TRXs.2 Basis of traffic theory Dimensioning "a priori" > Cell dimensioning from call mix (bid. 2 SDCCHs/8 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 286 All rights reserved © 2004.7. 1 BCCH. Alcatel © Alcatel 287 .2%) -> 25 TCHs -> 4 TRXs needed Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 287 All rights reserved © 2004.2 Basis of traffic theory Dimensioning "a posteriori" > Cell dimensioning from measurement (re-planning) • one is measuring a traffic of 15 Erlangs.7 Erlangs!!!! Channels (16.7. with a blocking rate of 10 % • how to dimension the cell? Offered traffic = 15 / (1-10%) = 16.7. 2 Basis of traffic theory Forecast / Critical traffic > Forecast traffic • traffic forecasting must be computed according to the offered traffic – not directly on the measured traffic • In order to plan the necessary actions soon enough. Alcatel © Alcatel 288 .7. one must compute regularly the date when the traffic of a cell will become critical > Critical traffic • critical traffic: when the offered traffic will induce 2% of blocking • traffic capacity of a cell = critical traffic of this cell Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 288 All rights reserved © 2004. 8% 330 call/hour mean TCH call duration 129 sec blocking rate 4% 600 call/hour mean TCH call duration 96 sec blocking rate 8 % 30 % offered traffic increase 12.08 Erlang TCH 30 % offered traffic 13.> 20 TCH mean TCH call duration : 80 increase 3 TRX sec blocking rate TCH : 0. 743 call mix info Erlang TCH Offered traffic traffic forecast proposed config 450 call/hour 10.865 30 % offered traffic increase Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 289 All rights reserved © 2004.7.1 Erlang TCH .675 12.2 Basis of traffic theory Exercise Training exercise: complete the form to get less than 2% of blocking cell 12. Alcatel © Alcatel 289 . Alcatel © Alcatel 290 .3 TCH resource allocation indicators All rights reserved © 2004.7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS 7. Alcatel © Alcatel 291 .7. frequency band (G1 or GSM/DCS)) selecting the TCH pool in which the TCH should be chosen according to: – the requested channel rate (FR or HR) – the radio capability of the mobile – the TRE DR capability and the TRE band selecting the best TCH resource among the available TCH channels of this pool according to several criteria • Allocating dedicated TCH radio resources by: – – Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 291 All rights reserved © 2004.3 TCH resource allocation indicators Radio Allocation and Management > Radio resource allocation and management (RAM) aims at: • Managing pools of TCH radio resources by: – – defining TCH radio timeslots as a function of the cell radio configuration from the operator sorting these TCH TS according to their radio capabilities (FR or DR. DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Speech version and Channel type • • • These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated in B7.7. the counters needed for these indicators are added to type 110. Alcatel > Refer to BSS .3 TCH resource allocation indicators MS access > MS access types distribution (NA only) Accessibility in type 110 since B8 • TCH requests from FR only MS TCNARQMN= MC701A • TCH requests from DR MS TCNARQBN= MC701B • TCH requests from DR+EFR MS TCNARQTN= MC701C • TCH requests from AMR MS TCNA3RQTN= MC701D • TCH requests from Data calls TCNARQDN= MC701E Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 292 All rights reserved © 2004. From B8. The following indicators are also computed: – Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from FR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQMTO = MC701A / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E) – Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from DR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQBTO = MC701B / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E) – Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from DR+EFR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQTTO = MC701C / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E) – Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests from AMR mobiles over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNA3RQTTO = MC701D / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E) – Ratio of TCH normal assignment requests for Data calls over all TCH normal assignment requests from all mobile types = TCNARQDTO = MC701E / (MC701A+MC701B+MC701C+MC701D+MC701E) – Number of handover intracell attempts with cause 27: quality" on a TCH channel = HCSTAMFN = MC448B Number of handover intracell attempts with cause 26: quality" on a TCH channel = HCSTAMHN = MC448A "FR to HR channel adaptation due to a good radio – "HR to FR channel adaptation due to a bad radio © Alcatel 292 . 7.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Speech version and Channel type • These indicators can only be computed if PM Type 1 is activated in B7. • The following indicators are also computed: – Ratio of TCH allocations with FR SV1 over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACAFTO = MC702A / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705) – Ratio of TCH allocations with HR SV1 over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACAHTO = MC702B / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705) – Ratio of TCH allocations with EFR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACAETO = MC702C / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705) – Ratio of TCH allocations with AMR FR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNA3CAFTO = MC704A / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705) – Ratio of TCH allocations with AMR HR over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNA3CAHTO = MC704A / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705) – Ratio of TCH allocations for Data calls over all TCH allocations during normal assignment = TCNACADTO = MC705 / (MC702A+MC702B+MC702C+MC704A+MC704B+MC705) – Rate of successful TCH allocations with AMR SV over all AMR MS requests = TCNA3SUR = (MC704A+MC704B) / MC701D © Alcatel 293 . Alcatel > Refer to BSS .3 TCH resource allocation indicators Speech coding version > Speech coding Version capabilities distribution (NA only) Accessibility in type 110 since B8 • TCH allocations with FR SV1 TCNACAFN= MC702A • TCH allocations with HR SV1 TCNACAHN= MC702B • TCH allocations with FR SV2 (EFR) TCNACAEN= MC702C • TCH allocations with FR SV3 (AMR FR) TCNA3CAFN= MC704A • TCH allocations with HR SV3 (AMR HR) TCNA3CAHN= MC704B • TCH allocations for data call TCNACADN= MC705 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 293 All rights reserved © 2004. the counters needed for these Indicators are added to type 110. • From B8. – TCNACAN indicator is also available as the MAX value of the day on the A9156 RNO tool. • Some of these indicators are also available for SDCCH: – SDCCH allocation distribution per TRX through the number of SDCCH allocations – SDAHCAN = MC390 – SDCCH Assignment/HO distribution through the ratio of SDCCH allocations for Assignment – SDNACAO = MC148 / MC390 © Alcatel 294 . Alcatel > Refer to BSS .7.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Resource occupancy – MC370A = Number of FR TCH allocations (FR+EFR+AMR FR) – MC370B = Number of HR TCH allocations (HR+AMR HR) – MC703 = Number of TCH allocations for Normal Assignment.3 TCH resource allocation indicators Distributions > FR/HR calls distribution (NA+HO) • FR TCH allocation ratio TCAHCAFO = MC370A / (MC370A+MC370B) • HR TCH allocation ratio TCAHCAHO = MC370B / (MC370A+MC370B) > NA/HO distribution • Normal Assignment TCH allocation ratio TCNACAO = MC703 / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B]) • Handover TCH allocation ratio TCHOCAO = [MC15A+MC15B] / (MC703 + [MC15A+MC15B]) > TCH allocation distribution per TRX • Number of TCH allocations for Normal Assignment TCNACAN = MC703 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 294 All rights reserved © 2004. external). internal. – MC15B = Number of TCH allocations for Handover (intra cell. – MC15A = Number of TCH allocations for Internal Directed Retry. 4 Resource occupancy indicators All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 295 .7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS 7. in B8.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Resource occupancy – – MC380A = Cumulated FR TCH duration per TRX MC380B = Cumulated HR TCH duration per TRX • The following indicators can also be computed: – TCTRME = Multiband MS TCH traffic in Erlang = MC381 / 3600 – TCTRSE = Single band MS TCH traffic in Erlang = ([MC380A+MC380B] .7.4 Resource occupancy indicators TCH resource > TCH resource occupancy • TCH traffic in Erlang TCTRE= (MC380A+MC380B) / 3600 • TCH mean holding time (TCH average duration) TCTRMHT= (MC380A+MC380B) / (MC370A+MC370B) • FR TCH traffic in Erlang TCTRE= MC380A / 3600 • FR TCH mean holding time TCTRFMHT= MC380A/ MC370A • HR TCH traffic in Erlang TCTRE= MC380B / 3600 • HR TCH mean holding time TCTRHMHT= MC380B/ MC370B Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 296 All rights reserved © 2004. to make the distinction between traffic in different frequency bands: here after the corresponding stored indicators (type 110): – – – – TCTRFTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380C TCTRHTTGT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the GSM frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380D TCTRFTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in FR usage = MC380E TCTRHTTDT = Time (in seconds) during which the TCH radio timeslot or dynamic SDCCH/8 timeslot in the DCS/PCS frequency band is busy in HR usage = MC380F © Alcatel 296 . Alcatel > Refer to BSS .MC381) / 3600 – MC381 = Cumulated (FR+HR) TCH duration of Multiband mobiles per TRX A split of counters (MC380a and MC380b) is added. © Alcatel 297 . Alcatel > Refer to BSS . • C751 = NB_A_CHANNEL_ALLOC: Number of allocations of the A channel. Both are provided per TTCH (A channel): • C750 = TIME_A_CHANNEL_BUSY: Time (in seconds) during which the A channel is busy (allocated).4 Resource occupancy indicators SDCCH / ACH resource > SDCCH resource occupancy • SDCCH traffic in Erlang SDTRE= MC400 / 3600 • SDCCH mean holding time (SDCCH average duration) SDTRMHT= MC400 / MC390 > ACH resource occupancy • ACH traffic in Erlang C750 / 3600 • ACH mean holding time (ACH average duration) QSTRN =C750 / C751 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 297 All rights reserved © 2004.7.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > Resource occupancy – MC400 = Cumulated SDCCH duration per TRX – MC380 = Number of SDCCH allocations per TRX > C750 and C751 are 2 counters introduced from B7 in type 18. Alcatel © Alcatel 298 .5 Traffic model indicators All rights reserved © 2004.7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS 7. © Alcatel 299 . Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > Refer to BSS .7.5 Traffic model indicators SDCCH establishment > SDCCH establishment cause distribution • • • • • • • Ratio of MT calls TMMTO= MC01 / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Ratio of MO normal and emergency calls TMMTO= MC02H / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Ratio of LU normal (resp. follow-on) TMMOLUR = MC02A (resp.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > Traffic model • SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS = Total number of SDCCH establishments for network access = MC01 + MC02 • These indicators allow to get call mix data from the network. MC02D) / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Ratio of IMSI detach TMMOLUDR= MC02G / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Ratio of Short Message Service TMMOSMSR= MC02B / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Ratio of Supplementary Service TMMOSSR= MC02C / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS Ratio of Call re-establishment TMMOCRR= MC02E / SDCCH ASSIGN SUCCESS 299 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > Multiband mobiles penetration • > AMR mobiles penetration • > TFO calls ratio • > Handover per Call • Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 > Refer to BSS .internal.external) per Normal Assignment TMHOCO = (MC717A+MC717B) / MC718 300 All rights reserved © 2004.5 Traffic model indicators Mobiles penetration > E-GSM mobiles penetration • Ratio of E-GSM MS access over all MS accesses (except LU) TMMSEGR = MC706 / ([MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G]) Ratio of Multiband MS access over all MS accesses (except LU) TMMSMBR = MC850 / ([MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G]) Ratio of TCH allocation for AMR MS over all TCH allocations TCTR3CATTO = MC704A+ MC704B / MC703 Ratio of successful TFO establishment over all TCH allocations QSTRCCTR = MC170 / MC703 Number of Handovers (intra cell.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > SDCCH traffic > MS penetration rate • Traffic Load and Traffic Model > TCH traffic > Speech version and Channel type – [MC01+MC02]-[MC02A+MC02D+MC02G] = Total number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) – MC706 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting the E-GSM band – MC850 = Number of initial accesses for call establishment (except location update) of MS supporting two frequency bands (ex: GSM900 and DCS1800) – MC703 = Total number of TCH allocations (FR+HR) for Normal Assignment – MC704A = Number of TCH allocations (FR) for Normal Assignment of AMR mobiles only – MC704B = Number of TCH allocations (HR) for Normal Assignment of AMR mobiles only – MC704 (Allocation AMR FR+HR) is removed in B8 – MC170 = Number of TCH calls for which a TFO has been successfully established © Alcatel 300 .7. Alcatel © Alcatel 301 .7 TRAFFIC INDICATORS 7.6 Preemption indicators All rights reserved © 2004. If no preemption is possible: – If queuing is possible: the TCH request is queued and either a Directed Retry or a Fast Traffic HO can be performed. p2 lower than p1 (whatever pci value) • the on-going call with the lowest priority level value shall be elected first and if several calls have the same lowest p2 value. one of them with pci bit set to 0 is preferred Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 302 All rights reserved © 2004.7. The TCH is established through Preemption if a lower priority level on-going call is preemptable. – If queuing is not possible: the TCH request is rejected and an ASSIGNMENT or HANDOVER FAILURE "no radio resource available" message is sent to the MSC.6 Preemption indicators Preemption principle > Preemption attributes (in Assignment or HO Request): • pci : preemption capability indication indicates if the call can preempt another call (pci=1) or not • pvi : preemption vulnerability indication indicates if the call is preemptable (pvi=1) or not • priority level: 1=highest priority / 14=lowest priority > Preemption rules: • A TCH request with pci=1 and priority level=p1 will preempt an on-going call with pvi=1 and priority level=p2. 2. © Alcatel 302 . Alcatel > On Preemption capable TCH Request occurrence: 1. In this case. the on-going call is released and the freed TCH is served to the new request. 7.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS: • GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS> RTCH > Preemption feature © Alcatel 303 . Alcatel > Refer to BSS .6 Preemption indicators Preemption counters > MC921A = Number of TCH Requests with the capability to preempt another call with lower priority (pci=1) > MC921B = Number of preemption capable TCH Requests (pci=1) served with TCH resource (with or without using the preemption feature). > MC921C = Number of preempted calls > MC921D = Number of preemption capable TCH Request (pci=1) successfully served in a neighboring cell with the help of the directed retry procedure > MC921E = Number of preemptable calls successfully established (pvi=1) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 303 All rights reserved © 2004. DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS • GLOBAL Quality of service INDICATORS> RTCH > Preemption feature © Alcatel 304 .7.6 Preemption indicators > Preemption capable TCH Request rejection rate • TCPPFLCR = (MC921A-MC921B-MC921D) / MC921A > Ratio of preemption capable TCH Request which led to a successful Directed Retry • TCPPDSUCR = MC921D / MC921A > Ratio of preemptable calls established over all calls • TCPPSUVO = MC921E / (MC718+MC717A+MC717B) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 304 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > Refer to BSS . in order to quantify the efficiency and the reason for HO Directed retry indicators. in order to detect/predict overload and compute adequate cell dimensioning as well as to understand how RTCH resources are used in the network 305 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel Thank you for – answering the objectives sheet – Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 305 . in order to assess the general quality of the network Detailed indicators. in order to quantify the efficiency of a directed retry Indicators provided by the new RMS feature to ease radio optimization and fault detection Traffic indicators.Introduction to QoS and Traffic Load monitoring / B9 Evaluation > Objective: to be able to interpret: – – – – Global indicators. in order to detect / identify / locate the main malfunctions Handover indicators. CASE STUDIES All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 306 . CASE STUDIES Section presentation > Objective: to be able to analyse with the KPI QOS some typical problems. > Program: • 1 Congestion • 2 Sector problem • 3 QSCSSR • 4 Quality • 5 RMS Level / Hardware problem • 6 Interference • 7 BSS Problem Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 307 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 307 . CASE STUDIES 1 CASE STUDIES 1 Congestion All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 308 . CASE STUDIES 1 > From this RNO table: What is the worst SDCCH congested cell? > Choose 2 other interesting indicators to continue your analysis? – – – – – – Call Drop % SDCCH Assignment Failure % Outgoing Handover Success % SDCCH Drop % Downlink TBF drop % RTCH assign fail % 309 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 309 . Alcatel © Alcatel 310 .CASE STUDIES 2 CASE STUDIES 2 Sector problem All rights reserved © 2004. give the worst sector? > What can you propose to do? Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 311 All rights reserved © 2004.CASE STUDIES 2 > In this trisectorised site. Alcatel © Alcatel 311 . CASE STUDIES 3 CASE STUDIES 3 QSCSSR All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 312 . CASE STUDIES 3 > Write the formula using the reference name (MCx) and compute the CSSR for this 2 cells: ( 1 . SDCCH drops during any outgoing SDCCH handover SDCCH drops in SDCCH established phase due to BSS problem SDCCH assign success for Mobile Terminating procedure SDCCH assign success for Mobile Originating procedure normal assignment requests for TCH establishment (HR or FR) TCH normal assignment successes (HR or FR) Paris_Tower_S1 9 0 1 43 663 88 84 Paris_City_S3 4 0 2 924 1352 1455 1430 QSCSSR=? Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 313 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 313 .RTCH_assign_unsuccess_% ) With: SDCCH_drop_% = SDCCH_drop / SDCCH_assign_success RTCH_ass_Un_%= RTCH_assign_unsuccess / RTCH_assign_request Counter MC138 MC07 MC137 MC01 MC02 MC140a MC718 Definition SDCCH drops on SDCCH established phase due to Radio Link Fail.SDCCH_drop_%) * ( 1 . Alcatel © Alcatel 314 .CASE STUDIES 4 CASE STUDIES 4 Quality All rights reserved © 2004. 64% 55 51 433 263 338 466 1053 348 2.CASE STUDIES 4 Analyse the table below: Repartition HO Quality DL_QUAL % DL_QUAL UL_QUAL % UL_QUAL Nber of HO 22/01/2003 23/01/2003 24/01/2003 25/01/2003 27/01/2003 28/01/2003 29/01/2003 30/01/2003 64 63 69 58 26 36 32 34 3.69% 2.94% 1.12% 2.09% 55. Alcatel © Alcatel 315 .22% 1.68% 2.93% 25.00% 2054 2286 2108 1802 1996 1857 1891 1289 Does it seem to be a good HO causes repartition? What can we check to analyse the problem ? Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 315 All rights reserved © 2004.23% 20.76% 3.68% 27.27% 3.54% 14.30% 1.59% 16. CASE STUDIES 5 CASE STUDIES 5 RMS Level All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 316 . Alcatel © Alcatel 317 .CASE STUDIES 5 > Find the 2 worst cells in the table? Try to propose a solution! Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 317 All rights reserved © 2004. CASE STUDIES 6 CASE STUDIES 6 Interference All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 318 . Alcatel © Alcatel 319 .CASE STUDIES 6 > Find 1 bad cell with some HO problem? What can you propose to do? Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 319 All rights reserved © 2004. CASE STUDIES 7 CASE STUDIES 7 BSS Problem All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 320 . CASE STUDIES 7 > What is the worst cell? Propose some probable solutions? Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 321 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 321 . alcatel.com © Alcatel 322 .www. Alcatel © Alcatel 323 .ANNEX All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 324 .ANNEX 1 Radio Measurement Reporting ANNEX 1 Radio Measurement Reporting All rights reserved © 2004. ANNEX 1 Radio Measurement Reporting > Radio measurement mechanisms • MS connected (TCH or SDCCH) • The serving cell gives to the MS the list of the neighboring cells to listen • Every SACCH. Alcatel © Alcatel 325 . the MS reports to the serving cell: measurement report message – – Received level of 6 best cells (which can change) DL level and quality of serving cell Meast Report Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 325 All rights reserved © 2004. ANNEX 1 Radio Measurement Reporting > Radio measurement mechanisms • For each MS connected to the BTS (TCH or SDCCH) Meast Report Meast Result BSC DL measurements UL+DL measurements – – – – The UL received level and quality are measured every SACCH The Timing advance (TA) is computed The UL information is gathered into a measurement report this is the message result sent by the BTS to the BSC 326 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 326 . Alcatel > Basically. it gives the index of the BCCH frequency in the BA list instead of BCCH ARFCN due to the length in case of 1800 frequency coding. Besides the mobile may report a BCCH index / BSIC which does not correspond to a neighboring cell.ANNEX 1 Radio Measurement Reporting > Measurement Result message L1 Info L3 Info Measurement Report From the MS Back Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 327 All rights reserved © 2004. BCCH2 index in BA list/BSIC2. When it reports the radio measurements. • Uplink measurements performed by the BTS. > SUB frames correspond to the use of DTX • if the mobile is in DTX. > MS TXPOWER CONF: what is the actual power emitted by the MS. • BTS power level used. > TOA is the timing advance. Why? Because when the mobile is connecting to a new cell. • else rxlevfull is used that is to say all TSs are measured. This message contains the downlink measurements and neighboring cell measurements. the MEASUREMENT RESULT message is composed of: • L1 info: SACCH Layer 1 header containing MS_TXPWR_CONF and TOA. the rxlevsub or rxqualsub is used to avoid measuring the ts where there is nothing to transmit in order not to false measurements. it does not receive LAC/CI (too long) but the list of BCCH frequencies of the neighboring cells (in Band Allocation: BA list). > SACCH BFI: bad frame indicator. Of course the BSC will not trigger any handover except if this BCCH index / BSIC couple correspond to a neighboring cell. 2 values 0 or 1. • L3 info: MEASUREMENT REPORT from the MS. 0 means that the BTS succeeded in decoding the measurement report from the MS. > How the neighboring cells are coded: • BCCH1 index in BA list /BSIC1. © Alcatel 327 . ANNEX 2 Extended Measurement Reporting (MAFA) ANNEX 2 Extended Measurement Reporting (MAFA) All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 328 . Alcatel © Alcatel 329 .ANNEX 2 Extended Measurement Reporting (MAFA) > The Extended Measurement Reporting is a feature allowing the BSS to request an MS to measure and report up to 21 frequencies of the band that are not included in its BA list > Such phase 2+ mobiles must support the optional MAFA feature (Mobile Assisted Frequency Allocation) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 329 All rights reserved © 2004. > When the BTS has to send this information. > The EMO shall be sent after 2 complete sets of SYS_INFO5 and 6. ------------------------------------------------------.e. Alcatel > When the BTS receives a CHANNEL ACTIVATION with the Extended Measurement Order (EMO) included. 5ter or 6 by this information. The ‘EXTENDED_MEASUREMENT_RESULT’ is NOT forwarded to the BSC. . > Then. TCH establishment. after having decoded them.ANNEX 2 Extended Measurement Reporting (MAFA) Extended Measurement Reporting mechanisms MS BTS BSC TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) MSC < ----------------------------------ASSIGNMENT REQUEST < -------------------------------------------------------PHYSICAL CONTEXT REQUEST -------------------------------------------------------. The BTS shall make the correlation between these levels and the frequencies contained in the latest EMO information. . This guarantees the MS has received a complete set. after the 2nd SYSINFO 6 after the reception of SABM.> CHANNEL ACTIVATION ACKNOWLEDGE . The other frequencies will be considered in the same way as BCCH frequency of neighboring cells: they will be linked to the neighboring level and C/I statistics. it shall replace the sending of system information 5. > In particular.> ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE --------TCH---------> ASSIGNT COMPLETE <------SACCH---------------SACCH------> <------SACCH---------------SACCH------> <-------SACCH-------EMO (MAFA freq. according to the order of the ARFCN. 5bis. instead a ‘MEASUREMENT_RESULT’ with indication ‘no_MS_results’ is sent to the BSC. i. At the next SACCH multi-frame. the BTS shall resume the sending of this system information by the replaced one.> ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE • The Extended Measurement Order includes the MAFA frequencies the MS is asked to measure EMO sent once to the MS on SACCH after TCH seizure Extended Measurement Results include the average signal level measured on each MAFA frequency over one SACCH mf duration EMR received once per call on SACCH Back • • ----------------------------------. RxLev) <------SACCH---------------SACCH------> • Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 330 All rights reserved © 2004. © Alcatel 330 . the BTS normally receives from the MS an EXTENDED MEASUREMENT RESULT with the level of the frequencies to monitor.> PHYSICAL CONTEXT CONFIRM < -------------------------------------------------------CHANNEL ACTIVATION (TCH) (EMO included) -------------------------------------------------------. the BTS shall identify the level of the BCCH frequency of the serving cell (which shall always be part of the frequencies to monitor) and apply it as the RXLEV_DL in the Radio Measurement Statistics. it shall send this information on the SACCH to the corresponding mobile only once. List) --------SACCH------> EMR (MAFA freq. ANNEX 3: Directed Retry Indicators ANNEX 3 Directed Retry Indicators All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 331 . Alcatel > The following DR counters are provided in Type 110 • for the target cell: – MC13A: TCH requests for Normal Assignment that are put into the queue. C142d. C143d. – C151: incoming internal DR successes. C145a.start T3105 stop T3124 start T200 -----------------------. C144a.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Internal DR . C151. – C142A: forced outgoing internal DR successes.MC717A. C143g. C152. – MC607: outgoing internal+external DR attempts. C145b.start T3103 (SDCCH) C154.success case MS serving cell target cell TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) BSC MSC No free TCH TCH request queued Start T11 ----------------------. – MC717A: incoming internal DR successes per TRX. C143e. > outgoing DR counters for the serving cell: MC144E. C142b. > All the counters here and in the next slides concerning directed retry and relative to type 29 can be activated for all cells of the BSC at once from B8.SABM --------------------------> stop T3105 <-------------------------. C144d. – MC15A: TCH allocations for incoming internal DR. (TCH) <---------------------------------. > Standard type from B8. – C145A: forced outgoing internal DR attempts.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------. MC13A IDR condition met MC153.UA ----------------------------. – MC142E: outgoing internal DR successes. MC144e. etc. C143c. C143a. C154. – C142C: normal outgoing internal DR successes.C153. – C144C: normal outgoing internal DR requests.> QUEUING_INDIC. C145c. C144b. C143f. • for the serving cell: – MC144E: outgoing internal DR requests. > The following DR counters are provided in Type 29 (this type becomes a standard type in B8) • for the target cell: – C153: incoming internal DR requests. CASES > internal DR > success case > The same internal DR procedure leads to an incrementation of two sets of counters: > incoming DR counters for the target cell: MC153. MC151. – C154: incoming internal DR attempts. • for the serving cell: – C144A: forced outgoing internal DR requests. > MCx counters belong to Standard Type 110 reported permanently > Cx counters belong to Detailed Type 29 reported on demand. C143h. – MC153: incoming internal DR requests. C555 © Alcatel 332 . etc. MC142e > DR FAIL. Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 332 All rights reserved © 2004.ESTABLISH INDICATION stop T200 ----------------------------------> HANDOVER COMPLETE HO CMP stop T3103 -------------------------------------------------------------> ----------------------------------> ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE ------------------------> Release of old SDCCH MC151. MC607 start T3124 C145A+C145C HANDOVER ACCESS ------------------------(TCH)----------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------. – MC151: incoming internal DR successes per cell. C143b. C144c. C142c. < ----------------------ASSIGNMENT REQUEST Queuing allowed CHANNEL ACTIV. (Type 29 becomes a standard type in B8): C142a. – C145C: normal outgoing internal DR attempts.MC15A CHAN ACTIV ACK ----------------------------------> HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <---------------------. MC142E. C145d. Alcatel © Alcatel 333 .ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Incoming internal DR .failures DR FAIL. CASES > Incoming internal DR failures: Directed Retry procedure from the target cell point of view > DR Preparation: • congestion: no RTCH available in the target cell – does not concern the outgoing side (serving cell point of view) • BSS problem (no specific counter) > DR Execution: • radio problem: the MS fails to access the new channel – the reversion/drop discrimination concerns only the serving cell • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 333 All rights reserved © 2004. MC607 MC555 MC555=C155 Standard Type Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 334 All rights reserved © 2004. MC13A IDR condition met No free TCH In target cell MC153. © Alcatel 334 .congestion DR FAIL. MC144e. Alcatel > C155 is available in Type 29.> QUEUING_INDIC.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Incoming internal DR . CASES > Incoming internal DR fail: congestion MS serving cell No free TCH In serving cell target cell BSC MSC TCH ASSIGNMENT PHASE (OC or TC) < ---------------------------------------------------ASSIGNMENT REQUEST Queuing allowed Start T11 --------------------------------------------------. radio failure DR FAIL.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------.stop T3105 HANDOVER COMPLETE ----------------------------------------------------. © Alcatel 335 . Alcatel > All incoming internal DR failures due to radio problems are counted in the same counter C152..<-----------------------------------------------------------------------.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Incoming internal DR . > This counter is provided in Type 29 > Both radio failures with Reversion Old SDCCH Channel and radio drop are counted together..start T3103 HANDOVER ACCESS C154 -------------------------------------------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------..start T3105 SABM -------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------.start T3103 C154 SABM -----------x T3103 expiry C152 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 335 All rights reserved © 2004.-X MS serving cell target cell BSC SABM MEAS REP -----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION -----------------------> MEASUREMENT RESULT UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> <----------------------CHANNEL ACTIVATION HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE <--------------------------------------------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> C152 CHANNEL ACTIV ACK ----------------------------------> Release of new channel MSC HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------. CASES > Incoming internal DR fail: MS access problem MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <----------------------. © Alcatel 336 . > Type 29 counters becomes a standard in B8. C153 MC555. C155 C153-C154-C155 C154 BSS PB BSS PB MS ACCESS PB C152 C154-C151-C152 MC151. > All Cxxx counters are available in Type 29.counters DR FAIL. C151 Type 29 counters becomes a standard (PMC) 336 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 All rights reserved © 2004.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Incoming internal DR . Alcatel > All MCxxx counters are available in Type 110. CASES > Incoming internal DR counters REQUEST ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS Execution Failure CONGESTION INCOMING INTERNAL Directed Retry Preparation Request Congestion BSS Pb Execution Attempt Radio (MS access problem) BSS Pb Success MC153. DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS • Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Incoming DR – DRIBCAR: efficiency of the incoming internal DR preparation = MC15A/MC153 – DRIBCNR: rate of incoming internal DR failures due to congestion = MC155/MC153 – DRIBEFR: efficiency of the incoming internal DR execution = MC717A/MC153 • Other indicators can be computed from Type 110 counters: – DRIBSUR: global efficiency of incoming internal DR = MC717A/MC153 = MC151/MC153 from Type 29 counters – rate of incoming internal DR preparation failures due to BSS problems = (C153-C154-C155)/C153 – rate of incoming internal DR execution failures due to BSS problems = (C154-C151-C152)/C154 – rate of incoming internal DR execution failures due to radio access problems = C152/C154 © Alcatel 337 .> Refer to BSS . CASES > Outgoing internal DR failures Directed Retry procedure from the serving cell point of view > DR Preparation: • congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell) • BSS problem (no specific counter) > DR Execution: • radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel • radio problem: the MS drops • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 338 All rights reserved © 2004.failures DR FAIL.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing internal DR . Alcatel © Alcatel 338 . -X SABM -----------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ------------------------------------------------------------------------> <----------------------HO FAILURE HANDOVER FAILURE -----------------------> ------------------------------------------------------------------------> Release of new channel start T3103 MC144E C144A or C144C C144A..ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing internal DR . C143A: Forced DR C144C.start T3105 SABM -------------------------------------------------------------> ESTABLISH INDICATION UA ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------.C143E: Normal DR C143A or C143E Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 339 All rights reserved © 2004.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------HANDOVER ACCESS ----------------------TCH--------------------------------> -------------------------------------------------------------> HO DETECTION PHYSICAL INFORMATION ----------------------------------> <------------------------------------------------------------.. Alcatel © Alcatel 339 .stop T3105 HANDOVER COMPLETE ----------------------------------------------------. CASES > Outgoing internal DR fail: reversion old channel MS Serving cell Target Cell BSC HO CMD HANDOVER COMMAND <-------SDCCH----.radio failure ROC DR FAIL.. C143B. © Alcatel 340 .start T3103 M C 144E SABM C 144A or C 144C ----------x C144A.<-----------------------------------------------------------------------. CASES > Outgoing internal DR fail: drop MS serving cell target cell BSC M SC HO CM D H AN DO VER C OM MAN D <----------------------. Alcatel > Counters C144A.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing internal DR . C144C. C143F are type 29.radio failure drop DR FAIL.C143F: Normal DR T 3103 expiry C 143B or C 143F ------------------------> ASSIG NM EN T FAILUR E “R adio interface m essage failure” R elease of SDC CH and TCH Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 340 All rights reserved © 2004.C143B: Forced DR C144C. C144A+C144C BSS PB REVERSION OLD CHANNEL (C144A+C144C) .ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing internal DR . CASES > Outgoing internal DR counters REQUEST ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS Execution Failure CONGESTION OUTGOING INTERNAL Directed Retry Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success MC144E. Alcatel DROP RADIO BSS PB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 341 . C142A+C142C 341 All rights reserved © 2004.counters DR FAIL.(C145A+C145C) C145A+C145C C143A+C143E C143B+C143F (C145A+C145C) .(C143A+C143E+C143B+C143F) MC142E. > Refer to BSS .(C143A+C143E+C143B+C143F)] / (C145A+C145C) – rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with reversion old channel = (C143A+C143E) / (C145A+C145C) – rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with drop = (C143B+C143F) / (C145A+C145C) type 29 counters are defined: – DRFOSUIN C142a – DRFOSUEN C142b – DROBSUIN C142c – DROMSUEN C142d – DRFORDIN C144a – DRFORDEN C144b – DROBRDIN C144c – DROMRDEN C144d – DROBRQIN C145c – DROMRQEN C145d NB_OUT_FORCED_IDR_SUCC NB_OUT_FORCED_EDR_SUCC NB_OUT_NOR_IDR_SUCC NB_OUT_NOR_EDR_SUCC NB_OUT_FORCED_IDR_REQ NB_OUT_FORCED_EDR_REQ NB_OUT_NOR_IDR_REQ NB_OUT_NOR_EDR_REQ NB_OUT_NOR_IDR_ATPT NB_OUT_NOR_EDR_ATPT © Alcatel 342 .DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS • Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Outgoing DR – DROBSUR: global efficiency of outgoing internal DR = MC142E/MC144E • Other indicators can be computed from Type 29 counters: – efficiency of the outgoing internal DR preparation = (C145A+C145C)/(C144A+C144C) – efficiency of the outgoing internal DR execution = (C142A+C142C)/(C145A+C145C) – rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to BSS problems = [(C145A+C145C) . > The following DR counters are provided in Type 29 • for the serving cell: – C144B: forced outgoing external DR requests. – MC142F: outgoing external DR successes. Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 343 All rights reserved © 2004. – C144D: normal outgoing external DR requests.HO_DETECTION-------------<-. © Alcatel 343 .HO_COMPLETE ---------------------------------------<--.CC -----------------------.CHANNEL_ACT_ACK------------<----.HO_REQUEST_ACK -------. MC821.PHYSICAL_INFO --> <--. external DR Counters are available permanently > No counter is provided for the target cell for an external DR since an incoming DR cannot always be discriminated from an incoming external HO. MC142F. – C145B: forced outgoing external DR attempts. etc.HO_REQUIRED ----------> MC144F ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -----> MC820 <--------.SABM ------------------.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators External DR . – C145D: normal outgoing external DR attempts.ESTABLISH_INDICATION ---- Release of SDCCH <---. – C142B: forced outgoing external DR successes. outgoing external DR counters for the serving cell: MC144F. Therefore incoming external DRs are counted together with incoming external HOs in the related counters.CLEAR_COMMAND -----MC142F Cause : HO_SUCCESSFUL Stop T8 <----------.HO_ACCESS ----<---.HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------------<---.Start T9113 (HO_COMMAND) MC821 <------------------------.success DR FAIL.HO_ACCESS ----C145B+C145D Start T8 <-----.UA --------------> <----.---.Stop T9113 MC642 The same external DR procedure leads to an incrementation of two sets of counters: incoming external HO counters for the target cell: MC820.HO_DETECTION ---------------.HO_COMPLETE --------------. Alcatel > The following DR counters are provided in Type 110 • for the serving cell: – MC144F: outgoing external DR requests. – C142D: normal outgoing external DR successes.CHANNEL_ACTIVATION ------> <. etc. CASES > External DR > successful case MS serving_cell BSC MSC <------ASSIGNT REQUEST------TCH request queued BSC target_cell MS EDR condition met -----. > As for internal DR. Alcatel © Alcatel 344 .ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing external DR . CASES > Outgoing external DR failures Directed Retry procedure from the serving cell point of view > DR Preparation: • congestion on the target cell (no specific counter on the serving cell) • BSS problem (no specific counter) > DR Execution: • radio problem: the MS reverts to the old channel • radio problem: the MS drops • BSS problem (no specific counter) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 344 All rights reserved © 2004.failures DR FAIL. HO_FAILURE (reversion to old channel) ------------------------------------------> C143C+C143G ----. Alcatel © Alcatel 345 . CASES > Outgoing external DR fail: reversion old channel MS serving_cell TCH request queued EDR condition met ---.ESTABLISH_INDICATION-> ----.HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------.CHANNEL_ACT ----------> <--.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing external DR .CLEAR_COMMAND ----------------------> Radio interface fail : Reversion to old channel Release of connection C145B.HO_ACCESS ----- BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS ASSIGNT REQUEST ---------------------> <-------------------------.HO_ACCESS ----X ---.C143G: Normal DR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 345 All rights reserved © 2004.HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Start T8 C145B+C145D ----.CC --------------------------------------.-.Start T9113 (HO-COMMAND) included X --.CHA_ACT_ACK -------<----.SABM --------> <--..HO_REQUIRED -------> MC144F ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> <-------.C143C: Forced DR C145D.radio failure ROC DR FAIL.UA ------------. CHANNEL_ACT ----------> <--. Alcatel © Alcatel 346 .ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing external DR .CLEAR_REQUEST -> C143D+C143H Radio interface message fail Release of connection C145B.HO_REQUIRED -------> MC144F ----------CR (HO_REQUEST) -------------------> <-------.HO_ACCESS ----X ---.Start T9113 (HO-COMMAND) included X --.CC --------------------------------------..X T8 expiry ----.C143D: Forced DR C145D.X ----.HO_ACCESS ----- BSC MSC BSC target_cell MS ASSIGNT REQUEST ---------------------> <-------------------------.C143H: Normal DR Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 346 All rights reserved © 2004.CHA_ACT_ACK -------<----.HO_COMMAND -----------------------------------------------Start T8 C145B+C145D ----.X ----.radio failure drop DR FAIL.SABM --.SABM --.SABM --. CASES > Outgoing external DR fail: drop MS serving_cell TCH request queued EDR condition met ---.HO_REQUEST_ACK----------------------. C144B+C144D (C144B+C144D) . Alcatel BSS PB Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 347 .(C143C+C143G+C143D+C143H) MC142F. CASES > Outgoing external DR counters REQUEST ATTEMPT Preparation Failure SUCCESS Execution Failure CONGESTION OUTGOING EXTERNAL Directed Retry Preparation Request Any preparation failure Execution Attempt Reversion old channel Drop radio BSS Pb Success MC144F.(C145B+C145D) C145B+C145D BSS PB REVERSION OLD CHANNEL DROP RADIO C143C+C143G C143D+C143H (C145+C145D) . C142B+C142D 347 All rights reserved © 2004.ANNEX 3:Directed Retry Indicators Outgoing external DR .counters DR FAIL. > Refer to BSS . © Alcatel 348 .(C143C+C143G+C143D+C143H)] / (C145B+C145D) – rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with reversion old channel = (C143C+C143G) / (C145B+C145D) – rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to radio problems with drop = (C143D+C143H) / (C145B+C145D) • Interesting indicator: – TCQUSUDSR: rate of outgoing internal and external directed retries (forced + normal) successfully performed over all RTCH requests queued during normal assignment.DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF SERVICE INDICATORS • Specific indicators for densification techniques > Directed Retry > Outgoing DR – DROMSUR: global efficiency of outgoing external DR = MC142F/MC144F • Other indicators can be computed from Type 29 counters: – efficiency of the outgoing internal DR preparation = (C145B+C145D)/(C144B+C144D) – efficiency of the outgoing internal DR execution = (C142B+C142D)/(C145B+C145D) – rate of outgoing internal DR execution failures due to BSS problems = [(C145B+C145D) . ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 349 . ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > Signaling Links MSC BSC BTS BSC A-Interface MT-Link signaling #7 System with SCCP BSC BTS MS OMC-R Abis Interface RSL with LAPD Protocol Air-Interface (CCCH/SACCH/FACCH) with LAPDm Protocol OML Link with X25 connection LAPB Protocol Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 350 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 350 . Alcatel © Alcatel 351 .ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > The reference Model 7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 User of Transport Service Network Service Transport Service 351 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 352 .) > Layer 3 • Network.etc. PCM. etc. Responsible for providing a reliable transfer between the terminal and the network (#7.ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > Layer 1 • Physical. RR. LAPD. MM. Message routing. AMI) > Layer 2 • Data Link.) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 352 All rights reserved © 2004. Responsible for the transparent transmission of information across the physical medium (HDB3. responsible for setting up and maintaining the connection across a network (CM. Ex. provides user interface to lower levels (Operating System) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 353 All rights reserved © 2004. responsible for ensuring that the information is presented to the eventual user in a meaningful way (Type format. Handles the coordination between the user processes (Set up transfer of information) > Layer 6 • Presentation. responsible for the control of quality of service (Layer of information) > Layer 5 • Session. Alcatel © Alcatel 353 .ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > Layer 4 • Transport. ASCII) > Layer 7 • Application. . F Intfc CM MM RR BSSAP RR BTSM SCCP LAPDm LAPDm LAPD LAPD MTP BSSAP CM MM BSSAP LAYER 3 RR SCCP MTP LAYER 2 digit radio digit radio 64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s 64 kb/s LAYER 1 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 354 All rights reserved © 2004.ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > BSS protocol stacks MS BTS BSC MSC PSTN ISDN Air Intfc Abis Intfc A Intfc B . Alcatel © Alcatel 354 . : HLR) NSS Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 355 All rights reserved © 2004.ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > BSS protocol stacks (detailed) (SMS) SS CC (Relay) MM DTAP BSS MAP DTAP BSS MAP SS (SMS) CC SS (SMS) (Relay MM MAP SSGT SSCS SSTM 3 SSTM 2 PCM TS (D) MAP SSGT SSCS SSTM 3 SSTM 2 PCM TS RR RR 3 RR' BTSM BTSM SSCS SSTM 3 SSTM 2 PCM TS A SSCS SSTM 3 SSTM 2 PCM TS 2 1 LAPDm Phycal Layer LAPDm Phycal Layer LAPD 64 kbit/s or LAPD 64 kbit/s Um PCM TS A bis or PCM TS BSC MS BTS MSC / VLR (ex. Alcatel © Alcatel 355 . ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > Signaling on the A Interface • Uses #7 with Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP) with a new Application Base Station Application Part (BSSAP). BSSAP is divided into Direct Transfer Application Part (DTAP) and Base Station Subsystem Management Application Part (BSSMAP) BSSAP DTAP BSSMAP SCCP User Data Layer 1-3 MTP 1-3 Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 356 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 356 . Also control Information concerning the MSC and BSC. which are exchanged between the BSC and the MSC and which are evaluated from the BSC. BSC and MS). the BSC transfers the messages without evaluation transparent. Reset > DTAP • Messages which are exchanged between an NSS and an MS transparent. In this case. which are exchanged as RR (Radio Resource Management Services between the MSC.ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > BSSMAP • Contains the messages. Mainly Messages from Mobility Management (MM) and Call control (CC) Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 357 All rights reserved © 2004. • In fact all the messages. Alcatel © Alcatel 357 . • Example: Paging. HND_CMD. BSSMAP. Alcatel © Alcatel 358 . CC. RR Call Control (CC) DTAP MS Radio Resource (RR) BSS MSC BSSMAP Back Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 358 All rights reserved © 2004. MM.ANNEX 4 GSM BSS Protocol Stacks > Relationship between DTAP. ANNEX 5 LCS ANNEX 5 LCS All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 359 . • On MS request to know its own location (MC02 impacted. • Mobile-assisted: The MS performs and reports OTD signal measurements to the network and the network computes the MS location estimate. © Alcatel 360 . These assistance data can be either broadcast on the CBCH (using SMSCB function) or provided by the BSS in a point to point connection (either spontaneously or on request from the MS). Alcatel > Assisted GPS Method: • Mobile-based: The MS performs OTD signal measurements and computes its own location estimate. • With – OTD: Observed Time Difference: the time interval that is observed by an MS between the receptions of signals (bursts) from two different BTSs. > These counters are located in the MFS and can be used in RNO (cartographic part). – RTD: Real Time Difference: This means the relative synchronization difference in the network between two BTSs. 4 methods are possible for positioning: • Cell ID+ TA • Conventional (MS equipped with GPS System) • A-GPS MS Based • A-GPS MS Assisted > These 4 Methods induce a set of counters (2 per method) to give the average latitude and longitude of mobiles in the cell.ANNEX 5 LCS LCS function (linked to MC02i) and other counters … > LCS allows to access the MS location provided by the BSS. see the previous slide) • On network request (especially during Emergency calls) • On external request (LCS Client) > Positioning methods provided can be: • Cell-ID or Cell-ID + TA (Timing Advance) • Conventional (standalone) GPS • Assisted GPS (with the help of A-GPS server to compute location) – – MS based (MB): MS is able to perform a pre computation MS assisted (MA): MS sends info. In this case the network provides the MS with the additional information such as BTS coordinates and the RTD values. Network computes Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 360 All rights reserved © 2004. > Finally. Request from the GMLC through the MSC/BSC . some counters related to LCS provide specific information (attempts. failures) • see the next slide. © Alcatel 361 .Computes MS location .receives the loc.ANNEX 5 LCS > LCS function: Architecture 2 Where is the accident? Emergency call Where am I? BTS 1 Abis BSC A MSC Lg GMLC Le External LCS client Where is my son? Lb MS GPS reference network OSP Lh 3 Abis BTS SMLC SAGI MFS 1 MS Request 2 Network Request 3 External Request A-GPS server HLR SMLC function integrated in MFS: .Schedules all the necessary actions to get MS location . success. MC02 is impacted: • MC02i = Number of Mobile Originating SDCCH establishments for LCS purpose. Alcatel > In case of MS requests for its location.Provides the result back to the GMLC LCS: Location Services SMLC: Serving Mobile Location Center GMLC: Gateway Mobile Location Center A-GPS: Assisted GPS Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 361 All rights reserved © 2004. > In all cases. ANNEX 5 LCS Example: Mobile terminated location request failure / success (External request) MS BTS BSC SMLC MSC GMLC HLR LCS Client LCS Service Request Send_Routing_Info rqst Send_Routing_Info resp Provide_Subscriber_Location Paging . Alcatel > Four • • • • counters MC923a MC923b MC923c MC923d NB_LCS_REQ NB_LCS_SUCC NB_LCS_FAIL_LB NB_LCS_ABORT Number Number Number Number of of of of location requests received from the MSC in CS domain. Authentication + Ciphering BSSMAP Perform_Location_Request MC923a BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Request Adequat positionning method chosen by SMLC BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Response (failure) MC923c Failure MC923d BSSMAP Perform_Location_Response (failure) BSSMAP Perform_Location_Abort BSSAP-LE Perform_Location_Response Success MC923b BSSMAP Perform_Location_Response Provide_Subscriber_Location Result LCS Service Response BSSMAP Clear Command and Release Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 362 All rights reserved © 2004. location requests rejected by the SMLC. location aborts received from the MSC in CS domain. Conventional GPS. • Rate of SDCCH seizures for Location Services. > Other counters in SMLC (MFS) provide details by type of positioning (CI+TA. • Rate of successes on LCS requests. successful location requests performed in a BSS. • Rate of LCS requests aborted. > See the next slide. MS-Assisted A-GPS. © Alcatel 362 . • Rate of failures on LCS requests. MS-Based A-GPS) and for different Error causes. > Calculated indicators based on BSC counters: • Number of failures on LCS requests due to BSS problem. P817: NB_LCS_FAILURE_RRLP Number of failed LCS procedures due to RRLP problem. P821: NB_LOC_CONV_GPS_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with Conventional GPS PCF. P811: NB_LOC_MA_AGPS_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with MS Assisted A-GPS PCF. P820: NB_UNKNOWN_LCS_REQ Number of LCS requests rejected because not supported by the SMLC. P802: NB_ASSIST_DATA_SUCC Number of successful GPS assistance data delivery (initially requested by the MS) responses sent to the BSC. P808: NB_LOC_TA_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with TA positioning PCF. P818: NB_LCS_FAILURE_TIMER_EXPIRY Number of failed LCS procedures due to LCS guard timer expiry. P812: NB_LOC_MB_AGPS_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with MS-Based A-GPS PCF. P805: NB_LOC_MA_AGPS_SUCC Number of successful location responses sent to the BSC using MS-Assisted A-GPS positioning method. P815: NB_LCS_INTERRUPTED_INTRA_BSC_HO Number of failed LCS procedures due to intra-BSC handover. P810: NB_LOC_MA_AGPS_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with MS-Assisted A-GPS PCF. P806: NB_LOC_MB_AGPS_SUCC Number of successful location response sent to the BSC using MS-Based A-GPS positioning method. P807: NB_LOC_TA_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with TA positioning PCF.> LCS Counters in MFS: • QOS FOLLOW UP: Number of received LCS requests for MS positioning received from the BSC Number of received LCS requests for GPS assistance data (initially requested by the MS) received from the BSC. P800: NB_LOC_REQ P801: NB_ASSIST_DATA_REQ PCF: Positioning Calculation Function • POSITION AVERAGE USED ON RNO: Values are given in minutes – LATITUDES AND LONGITUDES: P822: AV_TA_LAT Average of latitudes for TA Method P823: AV_TA_LONG Average of longitudes for TA Method P824: AV_CONV_GPS_LAT Average of latitudes for Conventional GPS Method P825: AV_CONV_GPS_LONG Average of latitudes for Conventional GPS Method P826: AV_MA_AGPS_LAT Average of latitudes for MS-Assisted A-GPS Method P827: AV_MA_AGPS_LONG Average of longitudes for MS-Assisted A-GPS Method P828: AV_MB_AGPS_LAT Average of latitudes for MS-Assisted A-GPS Method P829: AV_MB_AGPS_LONG Average of longitudes for MS-Based A-GPS Method STANDARD DEVIATION: standard deviation is a measure of the dispersion around the average point P830: ST_DEV_TA_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with TA Method P831: ST_DEV_TA_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with TA Method P832: ST_DEV_CONV_GPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with Conventional GPS Method P833: ST_DEV_CONV_GPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with Conventional GPS Method P834: ST_DEV_MA_AGPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method P835: ST_DEV_MA_AGPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method P836: ST_DEV_MB_AGPS_LAT Standard deviation of the latitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method P837: ST_DEV_MB_AGPS_LONG Standard deviation of the longitude of MS obtained with MS Assisted A-GPS Method – © Alcatel 363 . P816: NB_LCS_INTERRUPTED_INTER_BSC_HO Number of failed LCS procedures due to inter-BSC handover. P819: NB_LCS_FAILURE_INTERNAL Number of failed LCS procedures due internal problem detected by the MFS/SMLC. P803: NB_LOC_TA_SUCC Number of successful location responses sent to the BSC using TA positioning method. P813: NB_LOC_MB_AGPS_PCF_SUCC Number of location calculations successfully performed with MS-Based A-GPS. P814: NB_LCS_PROTOCOL_ERROR Number of failed LCS procedures due to LCS protocol error. P804: NB_LOC_CONV_GPS_SUCC Number of successful location responses sent to the BSC using Conventional GPS positioning method. P809: NB_LOC_CONV_GPS_PCF_REQ Number of location calculation attempts with Conventional GPS PCF. Alcatel © Alcatel 364 .ANNEX 6 Counters on Electromagnetic Emission (EME) ANNEX 6 Counters on Electromagnetic Emission (EME) All rights reserved © 2004. ANNEX 6 Counters on Electromagnetic Emission (EME) B9 > The goal of this feature is to make easier evaluating power issues in BTSs • Recording of power emission of BTS per cell and frequency band > Triggering of warning reports based on threshold fixed by the operator to get the real emission of antennas (at BTS antenna output port) OMC-R BSC • Take care of Environmental regulations BTS Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 365 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 365 . Alcatel © Alcatel 366 . risk of complaints > Some European directives/recommendations are already applicable or will be very soon Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 366 All rights reserved © 2004.ANNEX 6 Counters on Electromagnetic Emission (EME) > GSM antennas are widely in living and working places B9 > Lack of information provided to people on their exposure to EM fields and the risks they are running > People concerned about their health. AN) and cables between TRE output and BTS antenna output connector taken into account • Measurements averaged every hour per cell and per frequency band > 2 new cell parameters: threshold values • EME_PWR_MAX_GSM (frequency band 850/900) • EME_PWR_MAX_DCS (frequency band 1800/1900) • Possible massively updated through an OMC Java script © Alcatel 367 .1 Watt steps B9 > Performance Measurement type • New Type: Type 33 • Permanent type (PMC) with a fixed accumulation period: 1 hour • Counters available in MPM and NPA Back Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 367 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel > Measurements: • Only with Evolium BTS • DL power data are collected by each TRE for each band (2 considered bands: 850/900 and 1800/1900) • Recording of power effectively transmitted to the antenna in Watt • Power control. DTX and unused TS are taken into account • Loss due to stages (Any.ANNEX 6 Counters on Electromagnetic Emission (EME) > 2 new counters (Hourly from NPA for RNO reports) • EME_PWR_GSM (850/900) (Short Name: E01) • EME_PWR_DCS (1800/1900) (Short Name: E02) – Power with 0. ANNEX 7 B8 Improvements summary ANNEX 7 B8 Improvements summary All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 368 . ANNEX 7 B8 Improvements summary > Location Services (LCS) > SDDCH Dynamic allocation > Counters Improvement • • • • • Inter PLMN HO 3G to 2G HO (and 2G to 2G only) Dual band HO (New type: 32) LapD congestion counter QOS Follow-up – – – – – – TCH assignment failure BSS PB now detailed HO Attempts for Fast Traffic added in type 110 AMR counters added in type 110 MS penetration (per speech version and channel type) was type 1 counters now available in type 110 HO Causes: type 26 extended from 1 to 40 cells Directed retry: type 29 becomes a standard (for PMC) 369 All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 © Alcatel 369 . ANNEX 8 B9 Improvements summary ANNEX 8 B9 Improvements summary All rights reserved © 2004. Alcatel © Alcatel 370 . Alcatel © Alcatel 371 .ANNEX 8 B9 Improvements summary > Type 31: New RMS counters • For AMR monitoring • For Timing Advance analysis • For BTS Power level B9 > Type 33: Power at the BTS for Electromagnetic Environment Monitoring (EME) (Annex6) > Type 110: more counters for UMTS to GSM handover monitoring. • The new counters were introduced in MC922 family > 2 New counters for HO Cause 30: PS return to CS Zone Introduction to Quality of the Service and Traffic Load Monitoring BSS Release B9 371 All rights reserved © 2004.