Microbiology

Microbiology 1 of 39Syllabus MICROBIOLOGY (UG courses) Admitted Batch 2008 -2009 May 2008 A.P. State Council of Higher Education Microbiology 2 of 39 SUBJECT COMMITTEE 1. Prof.Gopal Reddy, Osmania University, Hyderabad 2. Prof.G.Subbarangaiah, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam 3. Prof.P.Sreenivasulu, S.V.University, Tirupati 4. Prof.S.Ram Reddy, Kakatiya University, Warangal 5. Prof.M.Vijayalakshmi, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur 6. Prof.PBBN Charyulu, S.K. University, Anantapur 7. Mr.K.Vijayakumar, Jawahar Bharathi, Kavali 8. Dr.V.V.Ramana, Singareni Degree College, Kothagudem 9. Dr.G.Ramakrishna, Govt. Arts College, Anantapur 10. Mr.G.Sai Ramalinga Reddy, SSBN College, Anantapur 11. Prof.K.Venkateswarlu, S.K.University, Anantapur Coordinator Microbiology 3 of 39 CURRICULUM B.Sc. Courses (Structure) First year: S.no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Second year: S.no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Third year: S.no. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Subject English language communication skills Second language Core1-I Core2-I Core3-I Core1-lab I Core2-lab I Core3-lab I Foundation course Computer skills including Hrs per week 6 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 36 Hrs per week 6 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 4 2 37 Hrs per week 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 39 Total Subject English language including communication skills Second language Core1-II Core2-II Core3-II Core1-lab II Core2-lab II Core3-lab II Environmental studies Computer skills Total Subject Core1-III Core1-IV Core2-III Core2-IV Core3-III Core3-IV Core1-lab III Core1-lab IV Core2-lab III Core2-lab IV Core3-lab III Core3-lab IV Foundation course Total Microbiology 4 of 39 STRUCTURE OF MODEL CURRICULUM MICROBIOLOGY Paper No. Year Theory/Lab I Theory I Lab II Theory II II Lab III Theory III III Lab IV Theory IV Lab Exam Work Duration load Hrs Hrs/Week 4 Hrs 3 Hrs 4 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs Title Introductory Microbiology Introductory Microbiology Microbial physiology and Genetics Microbial Physiology and Genetics Immunology and Medical Microbiology Immunology and Medical Microbiology Applied Microbiology Applied Microbiology Marks 100 50 100 50 100 50 100 50 I Total number of hours for theory papers and labs in an academic year: Theory Paper I : Theory Paper II : Theory Paper III : Theory Paper IV : 120 Hrs 120 Hrs 90 Hrs 90 Hrs Lab I: Lab II: Lab III: Lab IV: 90 Hrs (30 sessions) 90 Hrs (30 sessions) 90 Hrs (30 sessions) 90 Hrs (30 sessions) . ultrasonic methods. UNIT – III Biology of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms 30 Hrs Carl Outline classification of living organisms: Heckel. structural stains . sand cultures. Differentiation of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.Sc. Physical methods . Winogradsky and Alexander Fleming.ANDHRA UNIVERSITY ADMITTED BATCH 2008-09 I Year B. filter sterilization.Use of alcohols. Preservation of microbial cultures . Hanging-drop method. UNIT – II Microbiological Techniques 30 Hrs Sterilization and disinfection techniques Principles and methods of sterilization.spore. Principles of microscopy – bright field.General characteristics of bacteria. Size determination of microorganisms.autoclave. flagella. storage at low temperature. phase-contrast. fluorescent and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). pressure cooker. cyanobacteria and actinomycetes. capsule. dark field.Simple stain. Louis Pasteur. laminar air flow. Iwanowsky. halogens and hypochlorites. Radiation methods .Enrichment culturing. definition and history of Microbiology. Ocular and stage micrometers. overlaying cultures with mineral oils. differential stain. rickettsias. spread-plate and micromanipulator. archaebacteria. aldehydes. Importance and applications of Microbiology.UV rays. Edward Jenner. dilution-plating. mycoplasmas. streak-plate. Contributions of Antony von Leeuwenhoek. .subculturing. Robert Koch. Paper I: INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY UNIT – I History of Microbiology and Microscopy Microbiology 5 of 39 120 hrs (4 hrs/ week) MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS FOR THE 30Hrs Meaning. Isolation of pure culture techniques . Beijerinck. fumigants. Chemical methods . gamma rays. Whittaker and Woese systems. Prokaryotes . negative stain. Phenol coefficient. lyophilization. Place of microorganisms in the living world. phenols. Principles and types of stains . hot-air oven. Brock Biology of Microorganisms. Pelczar. Manual of Ultrastructure of a bacterial cell: Invariant components . Ltd. flagella. Reddy. 9th Edition.. Dube. 5th Ed. ribosomes. (1993).. Introduction to Microbiology.R. S.Capsule. M. D. S Chand . Structure of nitrogenous bases..S.. Hydrogen ion concentration in biological fluids. Morphology and TMV and HIV. General characteristics and classification of viruses.. [ and thin-layer).J. Prentice Hall of India Pvt.M.M. nucleoid. N.K. M. M. Adelberg. England. Prescott. E. Rao. and Kreig. (2003). Chan. Madigan. nucleic acids.. sterols phospholipids). New York. (2007). Harley.S.. and Klein. J. Stanier. Fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) and lipids (spingolipds. General Microbiology. 5th Edition.General characteristics and classification (up to the order level) eukaryotic microorganisms . Martinkl. (1991). Structure and multiplication of lambda bacteriophage. fimbriae. Essentials of Virology. D. and Reddy. UNIT – IV Biomolecules of structure of 30 Hrs (monosaccharides.Y. New Delhi.New Delhi. University Microbiology –I . Types of buffers and their use in biological reactions. New Delhi. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd. Eukaryotes . molds and yeasts. Galgotia Publications Pvt Ltd. Microbiology. Principle and application of colorimerty and chromatography (paper and TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: Ram Reddy.C. Scientific Publishers India. pH measurement. MacMillan Press.T. and Ingram.Protozoa. WCB Mc GrawHill.M. microalgae. Mc . Microbiology. endospore and storage granules..cell wall. S. Biomolecules of microorganisms. J. Tata Graw Hill Publishing Co. 5th Edition. S. E.A.A. Variant components . and Parker. A.P. (2002). and Maheswari.C. R. Nerw Delhi.. (2000).Microbiology 6 of 39 Outline classification for bacteria as per the second edition of Bergey’s Systematic Bacteriology (up to order level). J.J. New Delhi. Jodhpur. nucleotides. Ltd. R. cell membrane. (2000) General Microbiology.L. J. General characteristics of amino acids and proteins.. (1997). Outline classification and general characteristics of carbohydrates disaccharides and polysaccharides). Microbial Ecology – Fundamentals and Application. (2005).. (2005). Microbiology: An Intoduction. Publishing Dimmock.J. Pearson Education. Singh. England. Wiley.L.J. (2001).W. Instant Notes in Microbiology. Moore – Landecker. and Bartha.. Kalyani Publishers. Wiley. U. Himalaya Publishing House.P. M. and Goodhert. et al..B. Atlas. USA. Microbiology: Principles and Explorations. (1995) Biochemistry.J. R. D. John Wiley. (1998). NJ.N. Singapore.. A. Benjamin Cummings. Blackwell Science Ltd. and Leppard. N. (1980). Fundamentals of Microbiology. Oxford & IBH Pvt. S.K. (2000). General Microbiology Vol I & II (2nd Edition). Alexopoulos. New Delhi. H. C. Saunder and Company. (1996). Mumbai. G. Voet. Introduction to Fungi. and Shantaram. and Blackwell. Iowa. 2nd Edition. and Case. Viva Books Pvt. New York. H. Foundations in Microbiology. R. A.G. (2004). K. Talaro. R. Introduction to Modern Virology. Crabtree. and Voet.. Mims. Hinsdil. New Delhi. R. Zubay. Niclin. UMC Brown Publications. J.D. General Microbiology. Webster. New Delhi.. (1998). London. General Microbiology. Sullia.A.R. (1999). (2007). K. G. C. Biochemistry WCB. C. Introductory Mycology.T. Mc GrawHill. J. Fundamentals of Fungi. (1996).F. (1986). and Talaro. Ltd. B. K. PRACTICAL PAPER – I INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY 90 hrs (3 hrs/ week) . Cambridge. Funke. Frobisher. and Daginawala. New York. New York. D. S. Tortora. Power.J.R. J. (1996).B. J. Ltd. Cambridge University Press.. C.Microbiology 7 of 39 Black. E. . USA. Prentice-Hall.G. Easton. MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS 2009-10 Paper II: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS 120 hrs (4 hrs/ week) .E. Virology – A Laboratory Manual.. USA. Gram –ve bacilli). Diagramatic or Electron photomicrographic observation of TMV.Sc. 11. 3rd Edition. Reddy. Simple and differential staining (Gram staining). Virology – Methods Manual. Academic Press. (1996). (2001). Microbiology – Practical Manual. Dubey. B. diatoms). HIV. USA. (1992). hot-air oven and filtration. (2005). New Delhi. Fusarium). M. 2. Tissue culture and Mushroom Production Technology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. (2007). K. Spore staining. McGraw Hill Publications. 1. H. Microbiological Applications: Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. (2006). Ltd. Enumeration of bacterial numbers by serial dilution and plating. T4 phage and adenovirus REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Gopal Reddy. Calibrations of microscopic measurements (Ocular. Isolation of single colonies on solid media. Sterilization techniques: Autoclving. S. Plant pathology. Practical Microbiology. 3rd Edition. 6. Chand & Co.M. 12. 8. Publishers.. USA Alcamo. 7th Edition. 4. I.. Mumbai. 7. and Reddy S. 9. Academic Press. 5. Penicillium.N. (2005). New York. Measuring dimensions of fungal spores 10. New Delhi. Preparation of culture media: Solid / Liquid. Published by Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Aneja. Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. Rhizopus.W. capsule staining and negative staining. Spirulina). and Sherman.J. Sri Padmavathi Publications. stage micrometers). New Age International (P) Ltd. Reddy. cyanobacteria (Nostoc. Cappuccino.C. K. J. S.R. DVR and Mallaiah. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. Aspergillus. Himalaya Publishing House. Light compound microscope and its handling. and Maheswari. 7th Edition. 2nd edition. Experiments in Microbiology. N. Burleson et al. D. (1998). Mahy. (2001).R. ANDHRA UNIVERSITY II Year B.O. Microscopic observation of bacteria (Gram +ve bacilli and cocci. J.. M. Hyderabad. and fungi (Saccharomyces. algae (Scenedesmus sp. Saigopal.V.G. R. 3.H.Microbiology 8 of 39 Precautions to work in Microbiology laboratory.K. Benson. Pearson Education. and Kangro. Laboratory Fundamentals of Microbiology. methylotrophs. tandem duplications.autotrophs. inversions. Growth media .different phases of growth in batch cultures. Mutations – spontaneous and induced. uncompetitive allosteric. Outlines of oxygenic and photosynthesis in bacteria. heterotrophs. biphasic growth. base pair changes. UNIT – II Intermediary Metabolism factors and 30 Hrs Aerobic respiration . enrichment and differential media. selective. biomass. ED pathway. continuous. Nutritional groups of microorganisms .synthetic. Enzymes . TCA cycle. noncompetitive. Methods for measuring microbial growth – Direct microscopy. alleles. and and RNA as genetic materials. viable count estimates.Microbiology 9 of 39 UNIT – I Nutrition. Extrachromosomal genetic elements – Plasmids and transposons. HMP pathway.Glycolysis. oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation. crossing over. Biocatalysis . transduction and conjugation.nutritional requirements and uptake of nutrients by cells. Synchronous. UNIT – III Microbial Genetics alcohol and anoxygenic 30 Hrs linkage.properties and classification. Inhibition of enzyme activity . enzyme unit. frame shifts. affecting catalytic activity of enzymes. turbiodometry. nonsynthetic.competitive. and lock and key model. Anaplerotic reactions. insertions. coenzymes. Growth and Enzymes 30 Hrs Microbial nutrition . Fermentation . DNA Fundamentals of genetics . . Structure of DNA – Watson and Crick model. sulphate respiration). Various physical and chemical mutagens. deletions.Mendelian laws. Brief account on horizontal gene transfer among bacteria – transformation. Outlines of DNA damage and repair mechanisms. β-Oxidation of fatty acids. mixotrophs.induced fit. Microbial growth . Replication of DNA – Semiconservative mechanism. Anaerobic respiration (nitrate. Glyoxylate cycle.Common microbial fermentations with special reference to lactic acid fermentations. electron transport. Photosynthetic apparatus in prokaryotes. Factors influencing microbial growth. cofactors. M. constitutive. DNA agriculture and TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: Gottschalk. Chand & Co. Brown Publications. Mumbai. Microbial Physiology.S. S. Ltd. A. Oxford University Press. One gene-one enzyme. D. (2001).restriction endonucleases. S. Nelson. (1995). Genomic and cDNA libraries. Scientific Publishers. (2004). John-Wiley.M. Jodhpur.G. Essentials of Molecular Biology. (2000). Types of genes – structural.L. New Delhi. and Crueger. one gene-one product hypotheses. Biotechnology: A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology. Caldwell.K. Springer-Verlag. Operon concept.R. 2nd Edition. New York. Oxford University Press.H.S. and Foster. D. CBS Publishers and Distributors. S. New Delhi. A.R. W. Reddy. (2004). (1986). Microbial Physiology.. vectors. and Cox. Freifelder. and Elliot. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. medicine. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes. G. Outlines of RNA biosynthesis in prokaryotes. M. (1995). recon and cistron. New-York. U. New Delhi. D. . Reddy. S.A. Ltd. Molecular Biology. India. General account on application of genetic engineering in industry. Bacterial Metabolism. (1993). New York. Moat. one polypeptide. (1995).C. Genetic code.. W. (2005). Himalaya Publishing House. Microbial Physiology and Metabolism.. A Text Book of Microbiology Vol-II. New Delhi. Iowa. Verma. V. and Reddy. Crueger.M. Elliot. polymerases and ligases.C. (1997). USA. Narosa Publishing House. D. Types of RNA and their functions. Evolution and Ecology. A. Structure of ribosomes and a brief account of protein synthesis. D.R. Regulation of gene expression in bacteria – lac operon. Basic principles of genetic engineering . Cell Biology. regulatory.W. P.L. White. Lehninger. Microbial Metabolism and Molecular Biology. and Reddy. Outlines of gene cloning methods. and Agarwal. W. S. 2nd Edition. J. Genetics. Principles of Biochemistry. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.Microbiology 10 of 39 UNIT – IV Gene Expression and Recombinant DNA Technology 30 Hrs one gene- Concept of gene – Muton. and Krishna Reddy. ASM press.. New Delhi..H.Algal medium.. Stains and Buffers. Dunn and T. 5th Edition. USA. (1990). (2003). Microbial Genetics. W. (1995). Hand Book of Laboratory Culture Medias. Preparation of media for culturing autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms . 90 hrs (3 hrs/ week) . and Primrose. H. Maloy. D.D.G. M.T. Molecular Biotechnology. McGraw Hill. (1967). England Turner. Kannan. London. Ltd. and blood agar. L. S.R. mineral salts medium. Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology.C.. (1994) Principles of Gene Manipulation. Ltd.R. Principles of Genetics. USA.H. Himalaya Publishers. (1997). Enrichment culturing and isolation of phototrophs and chemoautotrophs. and Nikaido. Mclennan. Washington.W. Blackwell Science Publication. Ram Reddy. Cronan.. L. Venkateshwarlu. (1996). (2004). B. J. (2007) A text Book of Molecular Biotechnology. R. 2. D. Smith. Nicholl.. and Pasternack. V. New York.. S. (1998). M. Reagents.E.B. McConkey agar. Glazer. D. R. Genes VIII. Viva books Pvt. Advanced Molecular Biology. New Delhi. Bates. New Delhi. London. Washington D.C. A.Microbiology 11 of 39 Glick... Viva Books Pvt.S. K.. Cambridge University Press.N. Genetics. Oxford & IBH. B. A. Narosa Publishing House.W.P. A. An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. Strickberger. Molecular Genetics of Bacteria. (1998).C.C. New York. and Freifelder. Hyderabad. W. J. (2003). New York. Twynan. Old. PRACTICAL PAPER . Oxford University Press. Lewin. (2000). Dobzhansky. 2nd Edition.E. ASM Press.W. and White. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Panima Publishing Co. Freifelder. (1994). J.M. Cambridge University Press. N. Microbial Genetics. Instant Notes in Molecular Biology. S. New Delhi. nutrient agar medium. Sinnot E. Freeman and company. New Delhi. Biotechnology. and Champness. D. (1958). Snyder. P.II MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS 1. Jaya Babu (2006).Sc. and Walker. Microbiology – Practical Manual.R. Narosa Publishing House. Problems related to DNA and RNA characteristics. Cambridge University Press. S. K.M. 16. I. 9. Setting and observation of Winogradsky column. salts. Factors affecting bacterial growth – pH. 12. New Delhi. Bacterial growth curve. and Singh. . 10. ANDHRA UNIVERSITY III Year B. active and passive. (2000). 15.C. REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Wilson. Sri Padmavathi Publications. catalase test and sugar fermentation test. Practical Microbiology. Tata Mc GrawHill. New Delhi. 5. International Pvt. 3rd Edition. Verification of Beer’s law.K. Qualitative test and estimation of glucose. 8. humoral mediated immunity. England. Reddy. Ltd. S. Colorimetric estimation DNA by diphenylamine method. 6. D. (2002). Experimental Biochemistry: A student Companion. Kalyani Publishers. D. 3rd Edition.K. Transcription and Translation. Hyderabad. and Maheswari. (2007). 4. Dubey. S.. New Delhi.T. Chand & Co. New Delhi. Sashidhara Rao. Sawhney. Determination of viable count of bacteria. 7. Turbidometric measurement of bacterial growth.K. Qualitative analysis of sugars and amino acids. Types of immunity – innate and acquired. Colorimetric estimation of proteins by Biuret/Lowry method Paper chromatographic separation of sugars and amino acids Starch hydrolysis. (1998).Microbiology 12 of 39 3. (1994). Qualitative tests for sugars and amino acids. Plummer. and Deshpande. 4th Edition. R. V. MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS 2010-11 Paper III: IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY UNIT – I History of Immunology and Immune System 90 hrs (3 hrs/ week) 22 Hrs and cell- Development of immunology. (1988). temperature. R. S. Practical Biochemistry. B. and Reddy. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. J. 14. 13. Ltd. 11. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Practical Manual on Microbial Metabolisms and General Microbiology. General principles of diagnostic microbiology. basophils and eosinophils. Autoimmunity and its significance. Normal flora of human body. chemical nature. Anti-bacterial substances – lysozyme. UNIT – III Clinical Microbiology 23 Hrs History of medial microbiology. types. biochemical. neutralization. precipitation. Vaccines – General account of the following diseases – causal organisms. and their clinical use. Types of antigen-antibody reactions – agglutination. Preventive control of diseases – active and passive immunization. monocytes. pathogenesis. null cells. Mode of action of penicillin and sulpha drugs. RIA and Immunofluroscence. UNIT – IV Microorganisms and Diseases 23 Hrs serological and barriers. prevention and control of: . Host-pathogen interactions. Types of hypersensitivity – immediate and delayed.Microbiology 13 of 39 Primary and secondary organs of immune system – thymus. Elements of chemotherapy – therapeutic drugs. molecular methods. Bacterial toxins. properdin. General methods of laboratory diagnosis – cultural. macrophages. blood groups. spleen and lymph nodes. transport and processing of clinical samples. non-specific defense mechanisms. natural and recombinant. Drug resistance. complement. UNIT – II Basics of Immunology 22 Hrs and Antigens – types. Antibodies – basic structure. haptens. complement fixation. Cells of immune system. antiviral phagocytosis. Labeled antibody based techniques – ELISA. diagnosis. Antiviral agents – interferon and base analogues. Factors affecting antigenicity. marrow. Definition of infection. properties functions of immunoglobulins. mechanical antagonism of indigenous flora. Tests for antimicrobial susceptibility. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies – production and applications. Components of complement and activation of complement. epidemiology. bone Identiification and function of B and T lymphocytes. virulence and attenuation. Collection. substances. neutrophils. antigenic determinants. bursa fabricus. ELBS and Black Well Scientific Publishers. (2006). Annadurai. New Delhi.K. C. S. 6th Edition.M. T. USA. Lydyard. D. T.Cholera.R. Calcutta. (1999). (2000). Amoebiasis .. A. AIDS Reddy. Influenza . Instant Notes in Immunology. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. I.. New Delhi. Ltd. N. (1994).Syphilis.Immunology and Medical Microbiology. B.. Kalyani Publishers.M. Gupte.P. and Panicker. India. England. S. New Delhi. . Immunology and Medical Microbiology. Ltd. (1995). Gonorrhoea . Ltd. New Delhi. Mumbai. K.A.Serum hepatitis. A Text Book of Microbiology.Freeman and Company. Dengue fever . New York. M. Philadelphia. P. W.R.Malaria. and Fanger. and Reddy. USA. Calcutta. B. A Textbook of Immunology and Immunotechnology. Short Text Book of Medical Microbiology.W. TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: . Viva Books Pvt. Imuunology – Introductory Textbook. N.. Hepatitis. Typhoid. Chakraborty. Shetty. New Age International Pvt. (1998). Medical Bacteriology Including Medical Mycology and AIDS. (2000). (2004).Microbiology 14 of 39 Air-borne diseases Food and water-borne diseases Insect-borne diseases Contact diseases Zoonotic diseases Blood-borne diseases General account of nosocomial infections. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. Dey. Singh. Essentials of Immunology. Kindt. Oriental Longman Publications.K. Ananthanarayana. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Immunology : An Introduction. S.Rabies.A Poliomyelitis. Kuby Immunology. B. New Delhi.. Whelan. 6th Edition. Goldsby. Text Book of Microbiology. R. A Text Book of Microbiology . and Osborne. Himalaya Publishing House. I. (2007). Riott. Tizard. (1998). India.J. 8th Edition. Chand & Co.S.H. and Sinha. (1995). (2008).Tuberculosis. WB Saunders. Anthrax . Filariasis.R. R. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology.N. Practical Microbiology. Estimation of blood haemoglobin. Mosby Publishers. Tests for disinfectant (Phenol coefficient).B. R. Mumbai.J.J. Himalaya Publishing House. Reddy. and Precipitation – Ouchterlony double diffusion test. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd.L. VDRL test. DC and ESR. Dey. and Reddy. Notes on Clinical Lab Techniques.V.C. Isolation and identification of medically important bacteria (E. Vol II. N. K. Manual of Diagnostic Microbiology. Himalaya Publishing House. (1994). Entamoeba (study of permanent slides). Samuel. Talwar. (2007). and Parasitology. Iyyer & Son Publishers. 9th Edition. Mukherjee. 10. Pseudomonas. Acid-fast staining of mycobacteria (stained/permanent slides). and Sinha. (1998). (2002). Protozoology. 5. 2... T.. Baren.K.P. G. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) by cultural. Chand & Co. 90 hrs (3 hrs/ week) REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Gopal Reddy. Dubey. Ltd... 9. 7. (1996). Medical Laboratory Technology. Klebsiella. G. New Delhi. Observation of fungal pathogen (Candida). Tata Mc GrawHill Publishing Co. M. M.K. D. CBS Publications. and Gupta. and Maheswari.Microbiology 15 of 39 PRACTICAL PAPER . (1992).K. Chennai. K. K. DVR and Mallaiah. D. New Delhi. 6. 8. Dey. M. 2nd edition. coli. Parasites – Malarial parasite. Mumbai. Determination of blood groups and Rh typing. S. New Delhi.G. S. Saigopal. Calcutta. (Ed. microscopic and biochemical tests. (1995). 3. B. Wadher. 4. E. 1.L.C.III IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY Blood tests – TC. A Hand Book of Practical and Clinical Immunology. ANDHRA UNIVERSITY .K.) (1989).. Dey. Antibiotic sensitivity testing – disc diffusion method. Practical Microbiology.M. Antigen-antibody interactions in Widal test. M. rhizobia.fruits. fish. Rhizosphere and phyllosphere. competition. polyhedrosis virus (NPV). nitrogen.Rhizobium. Azotobacter. and viruses. Biofertilizers . edible mushrooms (white button. water and air). coli and Streptococcus indicators of water pollution. Role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling (carbon. antagonism. vegetables. cheese. Spoilage of different food materials . Azospirillum. Concept of disease in plants. Microorganisms as food – SCP. Microbiological production of fermented foods – bread. E. Frankia and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. UNIT – II Environmental Microbiology Nuclear of 22 Hrs Microorganisms of environment (soil. food-borne diseases (salmonellosis and shigellosis) and their detection. Outlines of biological nitrogen fixation (symbiotic. meat. Principles of plant disease control. Biopesticides – Bacillus thuringiensis. secondary and tertiary). Symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi. UNIT – III Food Microbiology 23 Hrs Solid waste faecalis as Microorganisms of food spoilage and their sources. composting. yogurt. oyster straw) and paddy . Food intoxication (botulism and staph poisioning). Biochemical activities of microbes in milk. Sanitation of potable water. Canned foods. disposal – sanitary land fills.I Agricultural Microbiology 90 hrs (3 hrs/ week) 23 Hrs Physical and chemical characteristics of soil. sulphur). Plant growth-promoting microorganisms -mycorrhizae. General account of food preservation. non-symbiotic). commensalism. cyanobacteria. Sewage treatment (primary. bacteria. Biological control of plant diseases. bacteria (angular leaf spot cotton) and viruses (tomato leaf curl). parasitism. Microbial interactions – mutualism. Trichoderma. predation.Microbiology 16 of 39 Paper IV: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY SYLLABUS 2010-11 UNIT . Plant diseases caused by fungi (groundnut rust). Outlines of biodegradation of environmental pollutants – pesticides. Microbiology of potable and polluted waters. Microbiology of air and air sampling methods. Outlines of strain improvement. Pvt. Industrial production of alcohols (ethyl alcohol). (1993). L. CBS Publishers and Distributors. Ray. Types of fermentation – aerobic. P. Whitaker. CRC Press. R. continuous.A. D. New Age International (P) Ltd.methane) submerged. Chapman and Hall. New York. USA. (1996). Principles of Fermentation Technology. bacteria.. 2nd Edition. Agricultural Microbiology. Microbial Ecology – A Conceptual Approach. (1996). surface. M. E. F. M. Frazier. Addison Wesley Longman. Design of a stirred tank reactor fermentor. Wiley Eastern Ltd. R. ASM Press. 3rd Edition. Microorganisms of industrial importance – yeasts. beverages (beer). Rangaswami. J.. N.Fundamentals and Applications. G. Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Forestry. New Delhi. and Poole.R.P. biofuels (biogas . amino acids (glutamic acid). and Westhoff.J. Lynch. vitamins (B12).J.J. Screening and isolation of industrially-important microorganisms. M.M. Food Microbiology. A. Washington D. and Bartha. (1997). S. (1997).C. Doyle. N. Academic Press.O. Food Microbiology. Inc.J. (1989). Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. Jay. enzymes organic acids TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: Stanbury. UNIT – IV Industrial Microbiology 22 Hrs actinomycetes.J. USA Paul. M. (1996). moulds. Modern Food Microbiology. Adams. Introduction to Soil Microbiology.M. T. Atlas. New Delhi.Microbiology 17 of 39 Concept of probiotics. Microbial Ecology .R. and Hall. (citric acid). Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. Fermentation media.E. W. solid state. Aditya Books (P) Ltd.F. Fundamentals of Food Microbiology. Beuchat. Ltd. and Montville. (1987). J. antibiotics (penicillin). (1998). batch. Banwart.C. Basic Food Microbiology. New Delhi.C. anaerobic. Blackwell Scientific Publications. . B. New Delhi. (1985). USA Alexander. (1979). 3rd Edition Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.. USA.M. Subba Rao..S. D. Mc Graw-Hill. New Delhi. and Bhagyaraj.. New York. (2001). G. (amylases). Prentice Hall of India. New Delhi. and Moss. and Clark. USA.. (1988). (Ed. Singh.Applied Microbiology. Applied Microbiology. (2000). Panima Publishing Corporation. Prescott & Dunn’s Industrial Microbiology.C. Mac Milan India Ltd.. ASM Press.A. (2007). M.P. W. L. Isolation and enumeration of major groups of microorganisms from rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere. New Delhi. Crueger. 90 hrs (3 hrs/ week) .. (1984). S. and Crueger. J. New Delhi. Ltd.E.) (1987). Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.H.R. R. Industrial Microbiology. Washington. New Delhi. Wiley Eastern Ltd. Subba Rao. Reddy. Study of root nodules and isolation of Rhizobium from legume root nodules. (2007). & New Age International Ltd. Biotechnology – A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology. CBS Publishers & Distributors. and Singara Charya. Hyderabad.Microbiology 18 of 39 Patel. 4th Edition.IV APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 1. Kalyani Publishers. USA. New Delhi Reed. 2. Himalaya Publishing House. New Delhi. A Text Book of Microbiology . D.. (1999).S. Demain. Industrial Microbilogy. Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth. Cassida.E.L. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. A. (1968). PRACTICAL PAPER . and Davies. Mumbai. N. (1999). G. A.. A. 10. Dubey. Experiments in Microbiology.. Himalaya Publishing House. DVR and Mallaiah. 16.Microbiology 19 of 39 3. citrus canker. K. Ltd. 5. 4. and Gerba. Observation of plant diseases of local importance – Rusts.V. K. Hyderabad Aneja.K. Environmental Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. Academic Press. Isolation of antagonistic microorganisms by crowded plate technique. Sri Padmavathi Publications.Sc.. Panima Publishing Co. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. Alcohol production and estimation. Observation of different spoiled foods. Gupte. R. D. New Delhi. 6. 2nd edition. S. 13. M. Determination of biological oxygen demand (BOD) of polluted water. Reagents. Chand & Co. Stains and Buffers. Isolation of Azospirillum / Azotobacter. J. smuts. Isolation of amylase-producing organisms. 3rd Edition.R. Mumbai. Microbial testing of water by coliform test (multiple tube fermentation method). Staining and observation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Microbiology – Practical Manual.P. 3rd Edition. powdery mildews. M. Determination of microbiological quality of milk – MBRT. (2004). 11. Blackwell Scientific Publications. (2007). Plant pathology. Citric acid production and estimation. and Maheswari. and Slater. Hand Book of Laboratory Culture Medias.. N. C. (1995). Experimental Microbiology and Ecology. Estimation of ascorbic acid from fruit juices. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Gopal Reddy.M. Peppler. 9.L. 7. R. S. (1998). S.. Kannan.N. Reddy. B. (2001). Practical Microbiology. little leaf of brinjal. (1982). Practical Microbiology. (2002). 15. Isolation of fungi and bacteria from spoiled fruits and vegetables. USA. and Reddy. Isolation of microorganisms of air by Petri plate exposure method. 12. Burns.H. (2003).R. New Delhi. tikka disease of groundnut.. 14. Core (Optional) Subject: MICROBIOLOGY Model Question Papers (Theory and Lab) . bhendi yellow vein mosaic. New Age International (P) Ltd. 8. Calculation of fermentation efficiency. I. tomato leaf curl. New Delhi. New York.G.C. Reddy. Tissue culture and Mushroom Production Technology. S. Saigopal. Sc.Microbiology 20 of 39 B. Core (Optional) Subject: MICROBIOLOGY Model Question Paper (Theory) Paper: I/II/III/IV Time: 3 Hrs Part – A (TWO questions are to be set from each unit) Max. Marks: 100 . a) or b) 10. 2. a) or b) 12. 4. a) or b) 11. 6. 5. 3.P. Part – B 8 x 5 = 40 Marks (TWO questions are to be set from each unit) Answer any FOUR questions Each question carries 15 marks 4 x 15 = 60 Marks 9. State Council of Higher Education Hyderabad MODEL CURRICULUM . 7. 8.Microbiology 21 of 39 Answer ALL questions Each question carries 5 marks 1. a) or b) to be set from Unit IV to be set from Unit III to be set from Unit II to be set from Unit I A. Sc.P.Sc. Work Duration Year Theory/Lab Title load Hrs Hrs/Week I II I Theory I Lab II Theory Introductory Microbiology Introductory Microbiology Microbial physiology and Genetics 4 Hrs 3 Hrs 4 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs Marks 100 50 100 . State Council of Higher Education :: Hyderabad B. Core (Optional) Subject: MICROBIOLOGY COURSE PATTERN AND SCHEME OF INSTRUCTIONS AND EXAMINATION (Medium of Instruction and Examination shall be only in English) Exam Paper No.B. Core (Optional) Subject: MICROBIOLOGY Microbiology 22 of 39 ALLOCATION OF HOURS TO EACH UNIT AND EACH SUBUNIT A. Microbiology 23 of 39 II Lab III Theory III III Lab IV Theory IV Lab Microbial Physiology and Genetics Immunology and Medical Microbiology Immunology and Medical Microbiology Applied Microbiology Applied Microbiology 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 50 100 50 100 50 Total number of hours for theory papers and labs in an academic year: Theory Paper I : Theory Paper II : Theory Paper III : Theory Paper IV : 120 Hrs 120 Hrs 90 Hrs 90 Hrs Lab I: Lab II: Lab III: Lab IV: 90 Hrs (30 sessions) 90 Hrs (30 sessions) 90 Hrs (30 sessions) 90 Hrs (30 sessions) . fluorescent and electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). archaebacteria. gamma rays.spore. Hanging-drop method. 2 Hrs Principles and types of stains .Enrichment culturing. laminar air flow. Ocular and stage micrometers. 10 Hrs Importance and applications of Microbiology. mineral oils. Louis Pasteur. 4 Hrs UNIT – II Microbiological Techniques 30 Hrs sterilization. capsule. halogens and hypochlorites. Principles of microscopy – bright field. Outline classification of living organisms: Heckel. pressure cooker. 10 Hrs Size determination of microorganisms. Paper I: UNIT – I INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY History of Microbiology and Microscopy 30Hrs 2 Hrs Robert Koch. 6 Hrs UNIT – III Biology of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Microorganisms streak-plate. hot-air oven. storage at low temperature. Whittaker and Woese systems. dilution-plating. filter sterilization.subculturing.Sc. overlaying cultures with lyophilization. Contributions of Antony von Leeuwenhoek. Differentiation of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. dark field. Iwanowsky. 30 Hrs Carl 6 Hrs 2 Hrs 1 Hr rickettsias. Sterilization and disinfection techniques. structural stains . Place of microorganisms in the living world. fumigants. 5 Hrs Radiation methods . Beijerinck. spread-plate and micromanipulator. mycoplasmas.General characteristics of bacteria. Phenol coefficient. 6 Hrs Outline classification for bacteria as per the second edition of Bergey’s Systematic Bacteriology (up to section level). aldehydes. Prokaryotes . Principles and methods of 2 Hrs Physical methods . flagella. cyanobacteria and actinomycetes. 8 Hrs Preservation of microbial cultures .Use of alcohols. 2 Hrs Manual of . phase-contrast. definition and history of Microbiology.Simple stain. negative stain. phenols. 5 Hrs Isolation of pure culture techniques .autoclave. ultrasonic methods.Microbiology 24 of 39 I Year B. differential stain. Winogradsky and Alexander Fleming. 4 Hrs Chemical methods .UV rays. Edward Jenner. 2 Hrs Meaning. sand cultures. and Ingram. nucleoid. John Wiley. Tata Graw Hill Publishing Co. Outline classification and general characteristics of carbohydrates disaccharides and polysaccharides). Madigan. USA.Y.J. and Maheswari.. Fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) and lipids (spingolipds. and Voet. nucleotides.M.M. Chan. R. (2005). Harley. J. E. sterols phospholipids).S. Dube. 5th Edition. R. Principle and application of colorimerty and chromatography thin-layer). Ltd. endospore and storage granules. Essentials of Virology. D. microalgae.Protozoa. 6 Hrs General characteristics and classification of viruses. J. Martinkl. (2000) General Microbiology. Jodhpur. General Microbiology.. Nerw Delhi.General characteristics and classification (up to the order level) eukaryotic microorganisms . (1991). J. J. M. S Chand . New York. Microbiology: Principles and Explorations. S.T. Rao.. and Parker. nucleic acids. Wiley. Adelberg. Black. (1993). structure of 2 Hrs of Eukaryotes . University Microbiology –I . D.C. E. England. S.Microbiology 25 of 39 Ultrastructure of a bacterial cell: Invariant components . 9th Edition. Variant components . (2002). J. Structure of nitrogenous bases. fimbriae. and Reddy. Reddy. N.Capsule. 5th Edition. Types of buffers and their use in biological reactions. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Introduction to Microbiology. and Klein. Galgotia Publications New Delhi. cell flagella.A. membrane. New York. Scientific Publishers India.C. D.New Delhi. 3 Hrs UNIT – IV Biomolecules 30 Hrs 1 Hr (monosaccharides. (2000). (2007). Hydrogen ion concentration in biological fluids. (1997).R. Microbiology. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd. S.. Stanier. 5th Ed. Voet. (2003).M. 2 Hrs Structure and multiplication of lambda bacteriophage. Microbiology. Brock Biology of Microorganisms..G.L.. Ltd. ribosomes. Prescott. 5 Hrs 5 Hrs and 5 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs (paper and 3 Hrs Biomolecules of microorganisms. TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: Ram Reddy..K.J.P. MacMillan Press. pH measurement. molds and yeasts. (1995) Biochemistry. New Delhi. WCB Mc GrawHill. New Delhi.cell wall. A. J.G. 5 Hrs General characteristics of amino acids and proteins. M. and Kreig.A.S. Morphology and TMV and HIV. Mc . M. [ Pelczar... Webster.. Cambridge University Press. and Bartha. . (1996).D.K.. Preparation of culture media: Solid / Liquid.B. (1999). E. Prentice-Hall. J. Alexopoulos. (2004). New Delhi. Zubay. U.J. and Talaro. New York. Mims. Foundations in Microbiology.. and Shantaram. Introductory Mycology. R. and Leppard. C. (1996). Precautions to work in Microbiology laboratory..T. New Delhi. Introduction to Fungi. (2007). Atlas. London. Tortora. Microbiology: An Intoduction. Sullia. Hinsdil.R. (1986). Ltd. Viva Books Pvt. Blackwell Science Ltd. Himalaya Publishing House. Mumbai. and Daginawala. New York. Saunder and Company. Fundamentals of Microbiology. 2. (2000). et al.A.P.Microbiology 26 of 39 . New Delhi. K.. Funke. Cambridge.J. UMC Brown Publications.. (2001). Mc GrawHill. Publishing Dimmock. J. Moore – Landecker. H. K. NJ. and Case..W. Ltd. Iowa. C. A. Fundamentals of Fungi. R. (2005). N. Kalyani Publishers. Microbial Ecology – Fundamentals and Application. Singh. Instant Notes in Microbiology. Singapore.J.N. K. G. C. (1998).R.B. M. S. Niclin. H. and Blackwell. Frobisher. B. (1996). General Microbiology. A. Easton. General Microbiology Vol I & II (2nd Edition). R.J. Power. and Goodhert. Oxford & IBH Pvt. (1980). USA.L. Pearson Education. (1998). Wiley.F. Biochemistry WCB. 2nd Edition. D. General Microbiology. G. Introduction to Modern Virology. England. LAB – I: INTRODUCTORY MICROBIOLOGY 90 Hrs 1. C. Crabtree. Talaro. R. S. Benjamin Cummings. Plant pathology. diatoms). K.W. and Maheswari. Spirulina). S. Mumbai. 8. J. Published by Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Microbiological Applications: Laboratory Manual in General Microbiology. (2006). Academic Press. Virology – A Laboratory Manual. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. (1996). (1992). Dubey. Diagramatic or Electron photomicrographic observation of TMV.R.Microbiology 27 of 39 3. Chand & Co. New Delhi. Cappuccino. cyanobacteria (Nostoc. 3rd Edition..G. Practical Microbiology. II Year B.K. Microscopic observation of bacteria (Gram +ve bacilli and cocci. Calibrations of microscopic measurements (Ocular. Sterilization techniques: Autoclving. hot-air oven and filtration. (2001). K.M. Light compound microscope and its handling. Hyderabad.R. (1998).E. Ltd. Microbiology – Practical Manual.Sc. and Sherman... Burleson et al. 7th Edition. Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. (2001).. USA. Experiments in Microbiology. Aspergillus. and Kangro. USA. Enumeration of bacterial numbers by serial dilution and plating. and Reddy S. J. Mahy. Measuring dimensions of fungal spores Simple and differential staining (Gram staining). 11. 6. Pearson Education. Virology – Methods Manual. D. B. Publishers. 9. 2nd edition. 7th Edition. 12. 3rd Edition. Rhizopus. Tissue culture and Mushroom Production Technology. Aneja. Laboratory Fundamentals of Microbiology. Reddy. Spore staining.C.N. 5. Isolation of single colonies on solid media. algae (Scenedesmus sp. H. HIV. Paper II: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS . capsule staining and negative staining. New Delhi. M. 7. Saigopal. Fusarium). Gram –ve bacilli). DVR and Mallaiah. USA Alcamo. I.O. M. R. S. Benson. Sri Padmavathi Publications. 10. stage micrometers). New York. (2005). McGraw Hill Publications.J.H. 4. New Age International (P) Ltd. Academic Press. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. T4 phage and adenovirus REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Gopal Reddy. (2007). N. Reddy. Himalaya Publishing House. (2005).V. Penicillium. and fungi (Saccharomyces. coenzymes. crossing over. Growth and Enzymes 30 Hrs Microbial nutrition . Extrachromosomal genetic elements – Plasmids and transposons. ED pathway. Brief account on horizontal gene transfer among bacteria – transformation.nutritional requirements and uptake of nutrients by cells. biomass. DNA 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 3 Hrs 4 Hrs deletions. Nutritional groups of microorganisms . viable count turbiodometry. enrichment and differential media. 8 Hrs Structure of DNA – Watson and Crick model. cofactors.induced fit. Microbial growth . 4 Hrs Enzymes . inversions. uncompetitive and allosteric. frame shifts. noncompetitive. 5 Hrs Growth media .Glycolysis. 13 Hrs Glyoxylate cycle. transduction and conjugation. HMP pathway. Mutations – spontaneous and induced. Photosynthetic apparatus in prokaryotes. β-Oxidation of fatty acids. Anaplerotic reactions.synthetic. Methods for measuring microbial growth – Direct microscopy. Fermentation . electron transport. sulphate respiration). 6 Hrs Factors influencing microbial growth. oxidative and substrate-level phosphorylation.Microbiology 28 of 39 UNIT – I Nutrition. biphasic growth.competitive. nonsynthetic. Outlines of DNA damage and repair mechanisms. TCA cycle.different phases of growth in batch cultures. base pair changes. factors affecting catalytic activity of enzymes. Synchronous. 5 Hrs UNIT – III Microbial Genetics 7 Hrs to 5 Hrs anoxygenic 30 Hrs linkage. 4 Hrs Various physical and chemical mutagens.Mendelian laws. enzyme unit. continuous. insertions. 3 Hrs Biocatalysis . Anaerobic respiration (nitrate. and and RNA as genetic materials.properties and classification. and lock and key model. Outlines of oxygenic and photosynthesis in bacteria. Replication of DNA – Semiconservative mechanism. 4 Hrs Inhibition of enzyme activity . tandem duplications. methylotrophs. selective.autotrophs. heterotrophs.Common microbial fermentations with special reference alcohol and lactic acid fermentations. 5 Hrs . 3 Hrs UNIT – II Intermediary Metabolism 30 Hrs Aerobic respiration . 2 Hrs Fundamentals of genetics . alleles. 2 Hrs 3 Hrs estimates. mixotrophs. regulatory. 4 Hrs Genetic code. U..R. Narosa Publishing House.L. One gene-one enzyme. Scientific Publishers.C. J. and Elliot. Lehninger. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.L. A. Genomic and cDNA libraries. (1995). India. and Foster. D.. S. A Text Book of Microbiology Vol-II. Molecular Biology. New Delhi. A.W. Microbial Physiology and Metabolism. (1986). Reddy. Principles of Biochemistry. (1993). Elliot. Outlines of RNA biosynthesis in prokaryotes. 4 Hrs TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: Gottschalk. and Reddy. S. Structure of ribosomes and a brief account of protein synthesis. Oxford University Press.S. Iowa. General account on application of genetic engineering in industry.C. one gene-one product hypotheses. New York.S. D.K. D.M. Bacterial Metabolism. Regulation of gene expression in bacteria – lac operon.M. Basic principles of genetic engineering . New-York. M. Operon concept. and Crueger.restriction endonucleases. (2004). CBS Publishers and Distributors. (2005). (2001). Moat. one polypeptide. .R.R. constitutive. Reddy. John-Wiley. Cell Biology. V.H. The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes. Himalaya Publishing House. New Delhi. White. P. Caldwell. D.M. S. Crueger. (2004). New Delhi. (1997). S. and Reddy. vectors. A. and Agarwal. W. and Cox. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.Microbiology 29 of 39 UNIT – IV Gene Expression and Recombinant DNA Technology 30 Hrs one gene2 Hrs 3 Hrs 2 Hrs 3 Hrs DNA 3 Hrs 2 Hrs 3 Hrs agriculture and Concept of gene – Muton. Chand & Co. Biotechnology: A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology. 2nd Edition. Outlines of gene cloning methods. Essentials of Molecular Biology. medicine. Microbial Physiology. Freifelder. G.A.G. Verma. Ltd. (1995). recon and cistron. Types of genes – structural.. (2000). Oxford University Press. Genetics. Microbial Metabolism and Molecular Biology. 4 Hrs Types of RNA and their functions. New York. New Delhi. Jodhpur. W. USA. Ltd. (1995). Nelson. Microbial Physiology. S. Mumbai. polymerases and ligases. W. Evolution and Ecology. Brown Publications. D. 2nd Edition. Springer-Verlag. and White. Determination of viable count of bacteria. N. (1990). Oxford & IBH. Ltd. Instant Notes in Molecular Biology. Cambridge University Press. V. B. and Champness. (2007) A text Book of Molecular Biotechnology. J.. A. J. Washington. (1958). W. London. Nicholl. (2003).C. 2nd Edition. Blackwell Science Publication. S. Cambridge University Press. (1995). New Delhi. Bates.D.P.. McConkey agar. Dobzhansky.H.. (1994) Principles of Gene Manipulation.C. Strickberger. S. New York.E. (1998).W. (1997). K. New Delhi. Setting and observation of Winogradsky column. (1994). USA. Dunn and T. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Biotechnology. Venkateshwarlu.R. Freifelder. Bacterial growth curve. Freeman and company. D. 2..W. 3. A. Sinnot E. R. Enrichment culturing and isolation of phototrophs and chemoautotrophs. An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. and Nikaido. ASM Press. Smith. D. J.Algal medium. Advanced Molecular Biology. . Molecular Genetics of Bacteria. nutrient agar medium. and Primrose. M. Kannan. (1996). and Pasternack. Mclennan. R. McGraw Hill. 5. New Delhi.S. Washington D. and blood agar. Ltd. Turbidometric measurement of bacterial growth. (1998).B. New York.N. London.M. Snyder. (2003). Stains and Buffers. M. 4. D.. S. New Delhi. LAB – II: MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND GENETICS 90 Hrs 1. B. 6.. Microbial Genetics.C. Preparation of media for culturing autotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms . A. 5th Edition. Cronan. Viva books Pvt.R. Viva Books Pvt. Genetics.. (2004). Panima Publishing Co. Hand Book of Laboratory Culture Medias. Hyderabad. New Delhi. Microbial Genetics. Reagents. ASM press. and Krishna Reddy. mineral salts medium. Narosa Publishing House.W. Himalaya Publishers. L.. New York.G. and Freifelder. Genes VIII.E.. L. Maloy.Microbiology 30 of 39 Glick. USA. Oxford University Press. Lewin. Ram Reddy.T. Old. P. (1967). Glazer. Principles of Genetics. Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals of Applied Microbiology.H. England Turner. H. Twynan.C.. Molecular Biotechnology. W. (2000). D. Plummer. An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. (2000). I.R. Colorimetric estimation of proteins by Biuret/Lowry method Paper chromatographic separation of sugars and amino acids Starch hydrolysis. Reddy. (1994). 3rd Edition.T. 10. Kalyani Publishers. R. Practical Manual on Microbial Metabolisms and General Microbiology. Dubey. and Singh. Microbiology – Practical Manual. Practical Microbiology. D. D. 9. S. Verification of Beer’s law. and Walker. Jaya Babu (2006). Sashidhara Rao. temperature. B. catalase test and sugar fermentation test. Ltd. Ltd.M. New Delhi. Qualitative analysis of sugars and amino acids. Chand & Co. Practical Biochemistry. Sawhney. New Delhi. (2002). England. International Pvt. 13.. and Deshpande. 4th Edition.K. V. Transcription and Translation. .C. salts. 3rd Edition. 12. Narosa Publishing House. and Reddy. Qualitative test and estimation of glucose. Hyderabad. Colorimetric estimation DNA by diphenylamine method.Microbiology 31 of 39 7. and Maheswari. Problems related to DNA and RNA characteristics. J. 16. 14. 15. S. Experimental Biochemistry: A student Companion. REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Wilson. 11.K. R. (2007). New Delhi. Qualitative tests for sugars and amino acids. (1998). S. Factors affecting bacterial growth – pH. New Delhi. Sri Padmavathi Publications. (1988). 8.K. Cambridge University Press. S. K. Tata Mc GrawHill. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. 2 Hrs General principles of diagnostic microbiology. bursa fabricus. Factors affecting antigenicity. active and passive. Definition of infection. properties and functions of 2 Hrs Components of complement and activation of complement. . Types of immunity – innate and acquired. Collection. 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 2 Hrs 23 Hrs 1 Hr 2 Hrs barriers. biochemical. 2 Hrs precipitation. haptens. Autoimmunity and its significance. monocytes. neutralization. bone marrow. Types of hypersensitivity – immediate and delayed. UNIT – III Clinical Microbiology Labeled antibody based techniques – ELISA. complement. neutrophils. molecular methods. spleen and lymph nodes. 4 Hrs Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies – production and applications.Sc. 2 Hrs Identiification and function of B and T lymphocytes. 3 Hrs Anti-bacterial substances – lysozyme. non-specific defense mechanisms.Microbiology 32 of 39 III Year B. 1 Hr 3 Hrs serological and 2 Hrs 2 Hrs Antigens – types. humoral mediated immunity. Antibodies – basic structure. Types of antigen-antibody reactions – agglutination. Antiviral agents – interferon and base analogues. 6 Hrs Cells of immune system. 5 Hrs Tests for antimicrobial susceptibility. mechanical antagonism of indigenous flora. properdin. History of medial microbiology. antigenic determinants. macrophages. null cells. blood groups. 6 Hrs Primary and secondary organs of immune system – thymus. General methods of laboratory diagnosis – cultural. Normal flora of human body. antiviral phagocytosis. RIA and Immunofluroscence. Paper III: IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY UNIT – I History of Immunology and Immune System 22 Hrs 2 Hrs and cell- Development of immunology. basophils and eosinophils. complement fixation. types. transport and processing of clinical samples. chemical nature. substances. 6 Hrs UNIT – II Basics of Immunology 22 Hrs 2 Hrs 1 Hr immunoglobulins. A. diagnosis. Immunology : An Introduction. Medical Bacteriology Including Medical Mycology and AIDS. (2008). T. (1998). and their clinical use. (1999). Mumbai. (1995). New York. USA. S. India. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Typhoid. D. TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: Reddy.J.R.K. 8th Edition. Philadelphia.S. New Delhi.R. Gupte.A Poliomyelitis. B. (2006). prevention and control of: Air-borne diseases Food and water-borne diseases Insect-borne diseases Contact diseases Zoonotic diseases Blood-borne diseases General account of nosocomial infections. Dengue fever .A. and Reddy.Microbiology 33 of 39 Host-pathogen interactions. AIDS 12 Hrs 1 Hr . B. pathogenesis. virulence and attenuation. UNIT – IV Microorganisms and Diseases 2 Hrs 23 Hrs 2 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs 2 Hrs Elements of chemotherapy – therapeutic drugs. Hepatitis. I. Riott. New Delhi. I. T. and Sinha.Rabies. Ananthanarayana. USA. .. Chakraborty. Oriental Longman Publications. W. Viva Books Pvt. B. Whelan. Dey. 6th Edition. Drug resistance.. New Delhi. C. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.Immunology and Medical Microbiology.M. General account of the following diseases – causal organisms. S. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Short Text Book of Medical Microbiology.Malaria. epidemiology. 6th Edition. England. and Fanger. Kuby Immunology. S.. Text Book of Microbiology. Gonorrhoea .Tuberculosis.R. Influenza . and Panicker. (2000). Chand & Co. R. Ltd. Mode of action of penicillin and sulpha drugs. Kindt. A Text Book of Microbiology. WB Saunders.Syphilis. M. Ltd. K. Essentials of Immunology. N. Anthrax . Lydyard. (2000). Calcutta. Vaccines – natural and recombinant. A Textbook of Immunology and Immunotechnology. A Text Book of Microbiology . Preventive control of diseases – active and passive immunization. P. Calcutta.Serum hepatitis.W. ELBS and Black Well Scientific Publishers. Filariasis.K..M. (1995). India.Cholera. (2004). Annadurai. Himalaya Publishing House.H. Tizard. Goldsby. and Osborne. Instant Notes in Immunology. (1998). Bacterial toxins. Amoebiasis .Freeman and Company. (2007). N. New Delhi. R.Microbiology 34 of 39 Shetty. . New Age International Pvt.P. Imuunology – Introductory Textbook.. Singh. New Delhi. Ltd. Immunology and Medical Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers. (1994). Pseudomonas.Microbiology 35 of 39 LAB – III: IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY 1. DVR and Mallaiah. 9. R.K.P. VDRL test. 7. M.J. and Sinha. G. REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Gopal Reddy. Tata Mc GrawHill Publishing Co. Mumbai. DC and ESR.. Chand & Co. Antibiotic sensitivity testing – disc diffusion method. D. Acid-fast staining of mycobacteria (stained/permanent slides). Entamoeba (study of permanent slides).K.L. (Ed. N. (1994). D. 10. Protozoology. New Delhi. S. Paper IV: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY .C.. Dey. (2007). and Gupta. Himalaya Publishing House. K. Estimation of blood haemoglobin. 3.N. Vol II. 2.) (1989). Wadher. Isolation and identification of medically important bacteria (E. 2nd edition. and Reddy. Practical Microbiology. Ltd. Reddy.. M. Dubey. New Delhi. 5. Tests for disinfectant (Phenol coefficient). Observation of fungal pathogen (Candida). and Precipitation – Ouchterlony double diffusion test. Samuel. Notes on Clinical Lab Techniques. Iyyer & Son Publishers. S. Determination of blood groups and Rh typing.M.J. Chennai. Dey.K. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. 90 Hrs Blood tests – TC. Parasites – Malarial parasite. Himalaya Publishing House. New Delhi.. microscopic and biochemical tests. and Maheswari. B. Medical Laboratory Technology. New Central Book Agency (P) Ltd. Manual of Diagnostic Microbiology.L. CBS Publications. M.C. Practical Microbiology. Dey. Mumbai. (1996). E. G. Baren. K.K. Mosby Publishers. 8. Antigen-antibody interactions in Widal test. Talwar. 4.. M. Saigopal. Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology. and Parasitology.. (1998). Klebsiella. 9th Edition. (2002). K. (1992). A Hand Book of Practical and Clinical Immunology. Calcutta. 6. (1995). T. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus) by cultural.B.V. Mukherjee. coli.G. Symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi.Microbiology 36 of 39 UNIT . paddy straw). Rhizosphere and phyllosphere. Outlines of biological nitrogen fixation (symbiotic. 5 Hrs General account of food preservation. UNIT – III Food Microbiology faecalis as 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 2 Hrs 22 Hrs 3 Hrs 3 Hrs food-borne 2 Hrs 3 Hrs 2 Hrs oyster and 2 Hrs Microorganisms of food spoilage and their sources. 4 Hrs Microbiology of potable and polluted waters. Biochemical activities of microbes in milk. Microbial interactions – mutualism. antagonism. non-symbiotic). Azospirillum. bacteria. polyhedrosis virus (NPV). vegetables. Microorganisms as food – SCP. 2 Hrs Concept of probiotics. secondary and tertiary). yogurt. commensalism. bacteria (angular leaf spot cotton) and viruses (tomato leaf curl).fruits. water and air). meat. Canned foods. composting. predation. Plant growth-promoting microorganisms -mycorrhizae. E. edible mushrooms (white button. Azotobacter. Biological control of plant diseases. Biopesticides – Bacillus thuringiensis. 8 Hrs Biofertilizers . nitrogen. 2 Hrs UNIT – II Environmental Microbiology 1 Hr 1 Hr 3 Hrs of 3 Hrs 2 Hrs Nuclear 23 Hrs 2 Hrs 4 Hrs Microorganisms of environment (soil. cheese. Role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling (carbon. 5 Hrs Sewage treatment (primary. Microbiological production of fermented foods – bread. Trichoderma. Solid waste disposal – sanitary land fills. coli and Streptococcus indicators of water pollution. fish. cyanobacteria. Plant diseases caused by fungi (groundnut rust). parasitism. sulphur).I Agricultural Microbiology 23 Hrs 2 Hrs 1 Hr Physical and chemical characteristics of soil. rhizobia. Principles of plant disease control. competition. Outlines of biodegradation of environmental pollutants – pesticides.Rhizobium. . Microbiology of air and air sampling methods. diseases (salmonellosis and shigellosis) and their detection. Spoilage of different food materials . and viruses. Sanitation of potable water. Frankia and phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms. Food intoxication (botulism and staph poisioning). Concept of disease in plants. J.H. and Clark. (1988). Whitaker. B. (1984)..S. New Delhi.F. New York. Mac Milan India Ltd. beverages (beer). Cassida.. Food Microbiology. Washington D. Banwart.. D. Microbial Ecology – A Conceptual Approach. (1985). Academic Press.J. (1979). New Delhi.methane).C. J. 3 Hrs enzymes organic acids Microorganisms of industrial importance – yeasts.J. Prentice Hall of India.Fundamentals and Applications. 8 Hrs TEXT AND REFERENCE BOOKS: Stanbury. Ray. Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. M. Pvt. New Age International (P) Ltd. D. Addison Wesley Longman. L. anaerobic. (1989). Patel.Microbiology 37 of 39 UNIT – IV Industrial Microbiology 22 Hrs actinomycetes. and Westhoff.E.M. biofuels (biogas . USA. and Bartha. N.. Basic Food Microbiology. New Delhi. Types of fermentation – aerobic. Wiley Eastern Ltd. Blackwell Scientific Publications. amino acids (glutamic acid).P. (citric acid). Wiley Eastern Ltd. (1987).J..E. vitamins (B12). New Delhi. CBS Publishers and Distributors. surface. (amylases). USA. Jay. and Hall. & New Age International Ltd. 2 Hrs Screening and isolation of industrially-important microorganisms. M. Modern Food Microbiology. W. Principles of Fermentation Technology.J.. solid state. New Delhi. Introduction to Soil Microbiology. 4 Hrs Design of a stirred tank reactor fermentor. N. F. Aditya Books (P) Ltd. Lynch. 2nd Edition.C. and Poole. M. A. Food Microbiology. (2001). (1996). Ltd. J. bacteria. 3 Hrs 2 Hrs submerged. L. Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. Industrial Microbiology. antibiotics (penicillin). S. 3rd Edition. and Bhagyaraj. continuous. Fermentation media. G. Subba Rao. CRC Press. batch. R. (1993). Frazier. Rangaswami.R.. Mc Graw-Hill. Biofertilizers in Agriculture and Forestry. (1968). P. R.R.O. E. USA Alexander. A. 3rd Edition Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. USA. T. (1998). Hyderabad. Outlines of strain improvement. Industrial Microbilogy. (1997). (1996).M. and Moss. Microbial Ecology . Fundamentals of Food Microbiology. Inc..A.C. Agricultural Microbiology. Beuchat. G. moulds. USA Paul. Chapman and Hall. (1997). New York. New Delhi. and Montville. (1996).M. . Adams. M. ASM Press. Industrial production of alcohols (ethyl alcohol). Atlas. New Delhi. Doyle. (2000).L.A.E. Staining and observation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi.P. 5. S. smuts. J. Washington. Reddy. Kalyani Publishers. A Text Book of Microbiology .) (1987). Himalaya Publishing House. Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. Study of root nodules and isolation of Rhizobium from legume root nodules.. New Delhi.C. Subba Rao. Ltd. 2. Observation of plant diseases of local importance – Rusts. (2007). Isolation of Azospirillum / Azotobacter. R. CBS Publishers & Distributors. LAB . M. New Delhi Reed. powdery . Applied Microbiology. 4th Edition. New Delhi. (1999).Microbiology 38 of 39 Crueger. USA. A. Panima Publishing Corporation.R. New Delhi. Prescott & Dunn’s Industrial Microbiology. Soil Microorganisms and Plant Growth. Demain. D. Mumbai.S. (Ed. (1999). Isolation and enumeration of major groups of microorganisms from rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere.Applied Microbiology. and Crueger. Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. W. N. 4. and Davies.. Singh. A. (2007). ASM Press.IV: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 90 Hrs 2. and Singara Charya. 3. G. Pvt. Biotechnology – A Text Book of Industrial Microbiology. Academic Press. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Isolation of amylase-producing organisms. Sri Padmavathi Publications.H. I. (1998). tomato leaf curl. Himalaya Publishing House.. Citric acid production and estimation. Panima Publishing Co. Calculation of fermentation efficiency. Microbial testing of water by coliform test (multiple tube fermentation method). Saigopal.N. Isolation of microorganisms of air by Petri plate exposure method. S. New Age International (P) Ltd.R. 16. DVR and Mallaiah. and Maheswari. Determination of biological oxygen demand (BOD) of polluted water. M.G. (2007). 3rd Edition. New Delhi. Plant pathology. 10. S. Kannan. Alcohol production and estimation. Peppler. K. and Slater. Stains and Buffers. N. Practical Microbiology. (2003). 3rd Edition. S.M. Hand Book of Laboratory Culture Medias.K. Mumbai. USA. 8. Isolation of antagonistic microorganisms by crowded plate technique.R. Isolation of fungi and bacteria from spoiled fruits and vegetables. Ltd. (2004). 15.. Reddy. Burns. Dubey. Determination of microbiological quality of milk – MBRT. Reddy. (2002). Experimental Microbiology and Ecology.P. Estimation of ascorbic acid from fruit juices. D. 7. tikka disease of groundnut. and Gerba. Practical Microbiology. (2001). Gupte.Microbiology 39 of 39 6. 2nd edition. little leaf of brinjal.V. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. 13.C. Tissue culture and Mushroom Production Technology. J. R. . (1995). mildews. New York. New Delhi. (1982). Observation of different spoiled foods. and Reddy. 11.. Experiments in Microbiology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. bhendi yellow vein mosaic. Chand & Co. 9.. 14. M. C.L. REFERENCE BOOKS FOR LAB: Gopal Reddy. Environmental Microbiology – A Laboratory Manual. R. citrus canker. 12. S. K. Reagents.. New Delhi. Microbiology – Practical Manual. Hyderabad Aneja.