ASSIGNMENTSPROGRAM: MBA 2yrs SEMESTER-I Subject Name Batch Permanent Enrollment Number (PEN) Roll Number Student Number Management Functions and Behavior 2015 INSTRUCTIONS a) Students are required to submit all three assignment sets. ASSIGNMENT DETAILS MARKS Assignment A Assignment B Assignment C Five Subjective Questions Three Subjective Questions + Case Study 10 40 Objective Questions 10 10 b) Total weightage given to these assignments is 30%. OR 30 Marks c) All assignments are to be completed as typed in word/pdf. d) All questions are required to be attempted. e) All the three assignments are to be completed by due dates (specified from time To time) and need to be submitted for evaluation by Amity University. f) The evaluated assignment marks will be made available within six weeks. Thereafter, these will be destroyed at the end of each semester. g) The students have to attach a scan signature in the form. Signature: _________________________________ Date: _________________________________ ( √ ) Tick mark in front of the assignments submitted Assignmen √ Assignmen √ Assignmen t ‘A’ t ‘B’ t ‘C’ √ Assignment A Marks 10 Answer all questions. 1. How can the field of OB contribute to the effective functioning of organizations and the wellbeing of the individual? Organizational behavior is the systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organizations. There are three key parts. Systematic study is the use of scientific evidence gathered under controlled conditions and measured and interpreted in a reasonably rigorous manner to attribute cause and effect. Systematic study of actions (or behaviors) and attitudes occurs in three areas: productivity, absenteeism, and turnover. Systematic study within an organization—OB is specifically concerned with work-related behavior—and that takes place in organizations. A fourth type of behavior, organizational citizenship, has been added as a determiner of organizational effectiveness. Organizational behavior is applied behavioral science. Psychology is the science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and other animals. Sociology studies people in relation to their fellow human beings. Greatest contribution was through their study of group behavior in organizations, particularly formal and complex organizations. Social Psychology is an area within psychology, blending concepts from psychology and sociology. It focuses on the influence of people on one another. Anthropology is the study of societies to learn about human beings and their activities. This has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between people in different countries and within organizations. Political science, the study of the behavior of individuals and groups within a political environment, is frequently overlooked. Major Challenges in an organization are improving quality, customer service, and productivity through the use of quality management, reengineering and other techniques and improving people skills. Managing workforce diversity a key challenge since organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and ethnicity and responding to globalization. Effectiveness of the organization can be improved by empowering people by the reshaping of the relationship between managers and those they are supposedly responsible for managing, stimulating innovation and change, coping with temporariness as the workforce becomes more part time and contingency based, dealing with declining employee loyalty and improving ethical behavior. These are some of the factors of Organization Behavior which improve the effectiveness of the Organization and wellbeing of an individual. 2. How are leadership theory and styles motivation? Explain with suitable examples. related to employee . On the other hand.Leadership theories. This leadership style calls for the understanding of several different theories. Employees will be less competitive and more willing to work together on joint goals. When decisions are made as a team. Building The Vision Promoting The Vision Finding The Way Forward Leading The Movement Situational Leadership Situational leaders will adapt to whatever situation presents itself. Following are the different types of Leadership theories Trait Theory Trait theory is explained as people who have inherited leadership characteristics. styles and types can have a powerful effect on motivating employees. Transformational Leadership Transformational leadership theories takes the road of selling compared to the telling style of transactional leadership. The process of transformational leadership has four parts. Situational Leadership is considered by many leaders to be the best theory to use daily. deciding which one will be the most effective will be the challenging tasks. Behavioral Theory Behavioral theory follows the notation that leaders can be made instead of inheriting traits. Participative Leadership Theory There are leadership theories that allow you to involve other people in the decision making process. then they could also be great leaders. The assumption was that if other people had the same traits. Participative leadership theory follows this belief. the commitment level to one another increases as does their commitment to the decision. There are endless list of possibilities at the same time you need to decide whether to employ a style that fits your personality or not. Use the table below to determine your level of leadership. Understanding a wide variety of theories will allow leaders to be prepared for any sort of issue that may arise. The basic notation is that workers will follow people whom their inspired by. In 1974 Stogdill recognized critical traits and skills for successful leaders. This particular theory is the easiest to develop of all the leadership’s theories. The focus then shifted to discovering traits by studying successful leaders. That is. Workers are likely to resist new methods and this can be avoided by using it as an opportunity to offer more wages. The second principle states that management must carry out a scientific selection of their workers and develop them through proper management. Discuss in detail the contribution of Taylor to the development of Management thought. Principles of scientific management Taylor believed that scientific management consists of a philosophy that results in a combination of four main principles. There are many other ways to motivate your employees. He was one of the founders of management thought theory and is considered the father of scientific management. Features of scientific management Taylor put forward a huge number of features of scientific management. Thirdly. 4.All the Leadership Theories above can be used for employee motivation purposes. A scientific selection and training of workers is another feature of scientific management put forward by Taylor. In order for workers to carry out this task every day. . This selection and training will contribute towards the production activities. 3. The first principle suggests that management need to develop the best way to complete a job. His ideas were developed and used for decades after the concept was created. it will need to be planned actively. management must carry out a scientific approach. A number of scholars and research studies have indicated that managers. especially at senior positions usually fail to follow the decision making steps that have been conceptualized in the rational decision making model. For more motivation ideas try these articles for inspiring ideas. This task should be calculated through scientific investigation and work study is essential. a true science should be developed in all fields of work activity. The fourth and final principle states that there should be an elimination on conflicts between methods and men. Taylor also suggested that tasks need to be planned. It is the task of finding the best method for achieving the objectives of a given job. Taylor contributed a number of principles and features of management thought that adhered to his new concept of approaching management thought scientifically. Do you think when managers make decisions they follow the decision making steps as has been conceptualized in the rational decision making model? Which steps are likely to be overlooked or given inadequate attention? What can be the possible consequences of overlooking any of the steps? Decision Making is an intellectual process of selection a suitable alternative from the available alternatives to achieve a desired result in the best manner. One was the introduction of the standard task which every worker is expected to complete within a day. available alternatives and skills to evaluate and select the best alternatives. Decision making mostly are identification of Situation or Problem. We have to accept the limitation that every person have limited knowledge towards problem. We have to make our decisions in various constraints of time and resources. It is vague to assume that the decision maker has complete knowledge. we can’t assume that every decision maker is having the same kind of knowledge and analytical skill to foresee and predict things and take the best decision. “Participation is an excellent method for identifying differences and resolving conflicts”. If there is any issue with the decision making process the real consequences will be the team may not achieve the desired result.Decision are required whenever there is a situation of uncertainty. Manages can overlook or given inadequate attention at various stages of decision making process. Yes Participation is an excellent method for identifying differences and resolving conflicts. Do you agree or disagree. along with it. 5. Sometimes the decision maker has to take decision due to constraints of political behavior of self or others which means either the decision maker will take a decision which will not be best for the problem but for some political benefit or he has to manipulate a decision so as to get maximum advantage from the situation. Identifying and formulating alternatives Evaluating alternatives Select the best suitable alternatives Strategic or Tactical decisions The identification of real problem & clear definition of it is unpredictable the certainty that decision maker will be able to identify and define the problem is limited. we have to consider the work pressure and stress under which we have to make our choices. Discuss with suitable examples. There are chances that the actual problem will not be identified by the decision maker. Lastly we have to keep in mind the limitation of our cognitive skills. . Implementing the strategy of 'Participation' does not stand alone as a skill in conflict management however. participation is only the best strategy and is not always necessarily the strategy that brings about resolve in a situation. a strategy always used as a backup because it still produces some kind of result. rather than collaboration. Participation forces the two parties to work through the issues that separate their own ideas and often results in the best of both becoming part of the finished product. Understanding on how to navigate a conflict is necessary. to handle others emotions. It isn't a guaranteed solution.Participation is a method clearly favored and spoken of by businesses and governing bodies as the optimum tactic to be used in bringing about resolution and dealing with issues of conflict in the workplace for example. In that sense the strategy of participation can be too time consuming and even then the two parties may result in having to compromise. . Only then is it an excellent method in dealing with differences and conflicts. to listen and to identify when and if a resolution via this strategy is attainable. The ideal of collaborating to produce the best result and also improve moral within the team can sometimes take up time and resources that are just not a luxury. the ability to put aside personal agendas and insecurities. Compromise. It must come from a basis of understanding of how to handle conflict's creative stimulation. Relationships are strengthened when two groups can discuss and work through a problem in order to come to an agreement about an issue which is even better than a compromise. is sometimes the only way to resolve and issue in order to meet a deadline. if in a business scenario. however like noted above however. It is this very tension within a team that is essential for creative thinking and provokes individuals to see alternative solutions. feedback. A supervisor has to interact with his foreman to supervise or guide him secondly a manager have to communicate his instructions timely and clearly for proper implementation. It creates clear-cut relationships between the departments and helps in laying down balanced emphasis on various activities. thoughts. Organization is an important means of bringing coordination among the various departments of the enterprise. Communication will be improved if when ideas. Organization chart should reflect the formal communication structure of the organization the instructions will flow from higher level to lower level and feedback and suggestions will flow from the lower to upper level. so if an individual is saying something but his facial expressions or body language is different. Why does communication break down? How can communication be improved? Communication is very significant in organizing as it’s only through communication the instructions. MBO helps in better communication and coordination as starting from setting the objectives and pursuing it the manager and his team interact and as the goals are defined jointly the possibility of confusion is very less. It also provides for the channels of communication for the coordination of the activities of different departments. The performance of any organizational activity will depend on the completeness of the communication. This will make to understand about the basic communication and will improve the same. When the communication is incomplete then it will result in confusion and the response from the receiver will also be affected. feelings & emotions are understood by the people in the same manner as we want to. which means it should have all the relevant information required by the receiver to interpret the message and respond or act in the same way as the sender expected him to.Assignment B Marks 10 1. The communication should be complete. we will not be able to understand the actual meaning. The synergies which develops help the company in achieving larger objectives. Directing activities are highly dependent of communication and interactions. without the effective communication and regular interactions the objective of directing will not be possible. Better communication means clear & timely communication so that flow of information is maintained. suggestion and other information will flow like the blood in the organizing providing necessary inputs for operations. Communication breakdown will happen if there is inconsistencies in verbal and nonverbal content we are unable to make out the actual meaning of the communication. . Recruiting becomes easier as right person with the right skills can be hired with more ease due to well defined job descriptions and job specifications. The benefits of specialization of labor or specialization were said to be .2.Reduction in wastage. which includes the Pacific Rim. It is a right to . the European Community. Functional departmentalization Product departmentalization Customer departmentalization Geographic departmentalization Process departmentalization Divisional departmentalization Geographic departmentalization Grouping activities on the basis of territory.Increases in efficiency as by performing routine task inefficiencies are removed and the performance becomes more consistent. Departmentalization is very much important because when the people keep on doing the same job repeatedly. This was known as the specialization and division of labor. . it can group jobs based on geography. It is a right to get the things done through others. Following are different types of departmentalization. What is departmentalization? Why is it required? Discuss any one form of departmentalization. What do you understand by authority and power? How are they different from each other? Authority is the right given to a manager to achieve the objectives of the organization. 3. and suggested to group the similar works in to one category allotting it to a group of people. . If an organization's customers are geographically dispersed. by doing the same task repeatedly defects in the process is eliminated. with passage of time they become more efficient as they become specialized in doing the same task repeatedly. the organization structure of Coca-Cola has reflected the company’s operation in two broad geographic areas – the North American sector and the international sector.Reduction of time for learning. this is known as departmentalization process. For example. as by doing repeated task learning becomes easier. Northeast Europe. . Classical theorists prescribed to organize on the basis of similarity of work. Africa and Latin America groups. The organization structure was based on the nature of work only. In addition they have substantial export orders. A manager gets his authority from his position or post. He was determined to see that the company was professionally managed. A manager cannot do his work without authority. Power can be personal power. However. Mr. Lawyers. Doctors. CASE STUDY Mr. The company is mainly a family based enterprise. It is the ability to influence events. Programmers. In last one year the orders that have been received have reduced substantially." Power is a broader concept than authority. The top-level managers get their authority from the shareholders. Rohit. It is delegated from the top to the bottom. R. The existing employee strength is more than 200 with 15 offices spread across the country. The authority to take several major decisions was transmitted to lower levels. During the last one decade of its existence.take decisions. Questions: . Mishra owns a small trading company in Varanasi by the name of RKM Enterprises. Rohit made several changes in the organization. R. since then the business faced stiff competition from other traders. Mishra is the Director and his son Ritesh is looking after finance department. Power can also be legitimate or official power. "Authority is the right to give orders and power to exact (get) obedience. The lower and middle-level managers get their authority from the top-level managers. A person gets his personal power from his personality or from his expert knowledge. The son is also assisting his father in other strategically matters. The business enterprise is also engaged in supply of silk sarees and other silk garments produced by local weavers to the big stores in major cities. He has recently left a job with an MNC located in Mumbai and joined his father’s business to help in solving the problems. Case study: Please read the case study given below and answer questions given at the end. According to Henri Fayol. the business has grown considerably. Power is the ability of a person or a group to influence the beliefs and actions of other people. In fact.K. younger son of the Director is holding a management degree from Banaras Hindu University. get their power from their expertise and professional knowledge. After joining. A major restructuring drive was carried out. Key decisions are taken by the Director himself after occasional discussions with Ritesh. This power comes from a higher authority. Instructions were given to all managers to consult their subordinates before taking any decisions. Organization structure was also made flatter. etc. The company provided raw material to the manufacturers of silk sarees. 4.K. Authority always flows downwards. Engineers. It is a right to give orders to the subordinates and to get obedience from them. He gets his authority from the higher authorities. the turnover surpassed Rupees 100 million in the year 200304. The business is facing stiff competition and needs a strategic shift in its thinking and direction. “The management of RKM Enterprises is not professional and is family based”. Organisation structure was also made flatter. Rohit has followed the decentralization techniques where "Powers of decision making is delegated to the lower levels and only very significant and strategic decisions are taken by the top management" He has made changes in organisational chart and structure and he has followed flatter methodologies also known as horizontal organization or delayering. analyze and comment. Mishra along with his 2 sons. in which the sublevel "Freedom to think and make decisions" are followed here. RKM enterprises is managed by its owner Mr. Instructions were given to all managers to consult their subordinates before taking any decisions. They are lacking in the following skills which need immediate attention Planning Skills Organizing Skills Leadership Decision Making Controlling Skills Technical Skills Human Skills Conceptual Skills Analytical Skills Administrative skills 2. rather than closely supervised by many layers of management. As he informed to the manager to consult their subordinates before taking any decision that means he has followed the technique of "Delegation of Authority". K. and Marketing. Rohit made several changes in the organization. Presently Rohit is bringing in changes to make it more professional but is a long way to make it into a professionally managed company. The company needs to bring in more professionals with appropriate experience in the various areas like Purchase. The idea is that well-trained workers will be more productive when they are more directly involved in the decision making process. . Analyse the changes brought in by Rohit. Mishra in consultation with his son. R. A major restructuring drive was carried out. is an organization that has an organizational structure with few or no levels of middle management between staff and executives. All strategic decisions are taken by Mr. Finance.1. Ritesh and Rohit. He was determined to see that the company was professionally managed. The authority to take several major decisions was transmitted to lower levels. Logistics. . By following these which are analyzed in Management function and organisational behavior. he make sure that that company was professionally managed. √ (a) Organizational politics (b) Political decision making (c) Accommodation (d) Self satisfaction 3. The purpose of feedback in communication is (a) To ensure that message has been understood (b) To carry the message back from receiver to sender . Which of the following is NOT A motivator according to Herzberg? (a) Achievement √ (b) Relations with others (c) Recognition (d) Responsibility 4. Managers engage in to increase their power and pursue goals that favor their individual and group interests.Assignment C Marks 10 Tick Marks (√) the most appropriate answer. Cognitive Dissonance theory has been given by (a) Taylor (b) Vroom √ (c) Festinger (d) Skinner 5. 1. Which of the following was NOT a need proposed by David McClelland’s Theory of Needs? (a) The need for power √ (b) The need for esteem (c) The need for affiliation (d) The need for achievement 2. Psychoanalytic theory has been propounded by? (a) Rogers (b) Alderfer (c) Janis √ (d) Freud interaction.F. .Skinner √ (c) Elton Mayo (d) W.(c) To complete the process of communication √ (d) All of the above 6. The Hawthorne experiment was started by: (a) Kurt Lewin (b) B. Self Esteem means (a) Love for yourself √ (b) Respect for yourself (c) Trust for yourself (d) All the above 7.Dickson 8. --------------is the systematic study of the ways interdependence and influence among persons affect their behavior and thoughts (a) Social psychology (b) Industrial psychology (c) Anthropology √ (d) Sociology 9. Lowne .10. cognitive and behavioral (c) Individual . Charles Babbage. Henry R. (b) Affective. organizational and social √ (d) Individual . Drucker (d) Watson 11. Robert Owen. ------------refers to the ability of individuals or groups to induce or influence the beliefs or actions of other individuals or groups? √ (a) Power (b) Responsibility (c) Delegation (d) Discipline 14. Andrew Ure and Charles Duplin contributed to the school of management thought? (a) Classical (b) Behavioral (c) Neo-classical √ (d) Pre-classical . group and organizational 12.W. Which type of leaders gives complete freedom to their employees? (a) Autocratic leaders (b) Bureaucratic leaders (c) Participative leaders √ (d) Laissez-faire leaders 13. Taylor (b) Henri Fayol √ (c) Peter F. MBO was first suggested by? (a) F. The three levels of analysis that are studied in organizational behavior are? (a) Traits. behaviors and results. 15. Which type of departmentation is useful only at the lowest level of organizations? √ (a) Departmentation by simple numbers (b) Departmentation by time (c) Departmentation by process or equipment (d) Departmentation by strategic numbers 18. The refers to the delivery by one individual to another of the right to act. to make decisions. Which of the following is not a leadership theory? (a) Trait theory √ (b) ERG theory (c) Contingency theory (d) Transactional theory 16. Which is an advantage of decentralization? √ (a) Encourages decision-making (b) Easy to have uniform policy (c) Greater Control (d) Decreases complexity of coordination 17. to requisition resources and to perform other tasks in order to fulfill job responsibilities (a) Centralization of power √ (b) Delegation of authority (c) Centralization of authority . Which managerial function gives attention to influencing and motivating employees to improve performance and achieve corporate objectives? √ (a) Leading (b) Organizing (c) Staffing (d) Controlling 19. unit of subsystem of an organization over which a (a) Centralization √ (b) Departmentation (c) Decentralization (d) Functionallization 22. In the process of communication. Which of the following processes shows how an individual seeks information about a certain issue and how he interprets that information? (a) Dogmatism (b) Perception √ (c) Stereotyping (d) Congnitive dissonance 23. The establishment of a distinct area.(d) Delegation of responsibility 20. the translation of intended meanings into words and gestures is known as? √ (a) Encoding (b) Decoding (c) Processing (d) Transforming 21. When a manager secures the agreement of a colleague to work on a project in return for the promise of providing the colleague with some extra remuneration. The organization chart is a way of showing? √ (a) How the task of an organization are divided and coordinated (b) The informal patterns of communication (c) The stakeholders who have an interest in the company (d) The physical layout of the buildings on a site 24. what type of power is he or she exercising? . What are they? (a) The quantity of the membership.(a) Expert power (b) Coercive power (c) Referent power √ (d) Reward power 25. When people are resisting because of adjustment problem. According to Fieldler’s contingency model. the method for dealing with resistance to change is commonly used √ (a) Facilitation and support (b) Explicit and implicit coercion (c) Manipulation and cooptation (d) Participation and involvement 28. leadership situations can be analyzed in terms of three elements. motivating and satisfying? (a) Enlargement (b) Rotation (c) Enhancement √ (d) Enrichment 27. Which of the following refers to changing a task to make it inherently more rewarding. the organizational structure and position of authority √ (b) The quantity of leader-member relationships. task structure and position power . Which of the following is not one of the steps identified as part of the controlling process? (a) Setting performance standards or goals (b) Measuring performance √ (c) Writing the reports (d) Tasking corrective action 26. The tendency to see one’s own personal traits in other people is called (a) Perceptual defense √ (b) Projection (c) Stereotyping (d) The halo effect 33. the educational level of the membership and the organizational structure (d) The power of the leadership. Which of these refers to the set of characteristics that underlie a relatively stable pattern of behavior in response to ideas.(c) The style of leadership. Which of the following theories deals with employee’s perception of fairness? . objects or people in the environment? (a) Dissonance perception √ (b) Personality (c) Halo effect (d) Attitude 31. The tendency to place the primary responsibility for one’s success or failure either within oneself or on outside forces is referred to as (a) Authoritarianism (b) Emotional stability √ (c) Locus of control (d) Extroversion 32. (c) It flows across the horizontal hierarchy (d) It emerges from the organizational values 30. Which of the following characteristic distinguishes authority? (a) It is vested in people not positions √ (b) Subordinates accept it. the member relationships and the organizational structure 29. (a) Expectancy (b) Reinforcement (c) Need hierarchy √ (d) Equity . Is a process whereby companies find how others do something better than they do and then try to imitate or improve on it. Standing plans are (a) Plans that are developed to achieve a set of goals that are unlikely to be repeated in the future (b) Plans that are used to provide guidance for tasks performed repeatedly within the organization √ (c) Plans that define company responses to specific situations. A financial budget that estimates cash flows on a daily basis or weekly basis to ensure that the company can meet its obligations is called a (a) Capital expenditure budget (b) Balance sheet budget √ (c) Cash budget (d) Revenue budget 35.34. rolling your eyes (b) Secret notes passed between fellow works (c) Intrapersonal dialog . Nonverbal communication behaviors includes √ (a) Twitching. Scratching. (a) TQM (b) Continuous improvement √ (c) Benchmarking (d) Empowerment 36. Which of the following is not a perceptual distortion (a) Stereotype (b) Halo effect (c) Projection √ (d) Extinction 38. such as emergencies or setbacks (d) Most important in the organization 37. Democratic leadership is also known as--(a) Autocratic √ (b) Participative (c) Bureaucratic (d) Laissezfaire 40. A significant part of a manager’s job is an organization is to use the tools and techniques organizational (a) Structure (b) Morale (c) Complexity √ (d) Effectiveness developed through OB research to increase .(d) Sending an email response to an irate customer 39.