Magneto Abrasive Flow MachiningSeminar Report 2010 3. INTRODUCTION Magneto abrasive flow machining (MAFM) is a new technique in machining. The orbital flow machining process has been recently claimed to be another improvement over AFM, which performs three-dimensional machining of complex components. These processes can be classified as hybrid machining processes (HMP)—a recent concept in the advancement of non-conventional machining. The reasons for developing a hybrid machining process is to make use of combined or mutually enhanced advantages and to avoid or reduce some of the adverse effects the constituent processes produce when they are individually applied. In almost all non-conventional machining processes such as electric discharge machining, electrochemical machining, laser beam machining, etc., low material removal rate is considered a general problem and attempts are continuing to develop techniques to overcome it. The present paper reports the preliminary results of an on-going research project being conducted with the aim of exploring techniques for improving material removal (MR) in AFM. One such technique studied uses a magnetic field around the work piece. Magnetic fields have been successfully exploited in the past, such as machining force in magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF), used for micro machining and finishing of components, particularly circular tubes. The process under investigation is the combination of AFM and MAF, and is given the name Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining (MAFM). 3.1 Problem Definition Magneto Abrasive flow machining (MAFM) is one of the latest non-conventional machining processes, which possesses excellent capabilities for finish-machining of inaccessible regions of a component. It has been successfully employed for deburring, radiusing, and removing recast layers of precision components. High levels of surface finish and sufficiently close tolerances have been achieved for a wide range of components . In MAFM, a semi-solid medium consisting of a polymer-based carrier and abrasives in a typical proportion is extruded under pressure through or across the surfaces to be machined. The medium acts as a deformable grinding tool whenever it is subjected www.123seminarsonly.com Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 to any restriction. A special fixture is generally required to create restrictive passage or to direct the medium to the desired locations in the work piece. 3.2. Background Extrude Hone Corporation, USA, originally developed the AFM process in 1966. Since then, a few empirical studies have been carried out and also research work regarding process mechanisms, modeling of surface generation and process monitoring of AFM was conducted by Williams and Rajurkar during the late 1980s. Their work was mainly related to online monitoring of AFM with acoustic emission and stochastic modeling of the process. Loveless et al. and Kozak et al investigated the effect of previous machining process on the quality of surface produced by AFM and the flow behavior of the medium used in the process. Fletcher and others reported studies on the rheological properties and the effect of temperature of the medium used in AFM. Przyklenk conducted parametric studies of AFM. Research work concerning mathematical modeling, simulation of material removal and surface generation with the help of finite element and neural networks was presented by different researchers. Steif and Haan suggested the presence of ‘dispersive stresses’, which enable wear of the surface during abrasive flow processing. The dispersive stresses are generated because of the difference between stresses acting on abrasive particles and those acting in the surrounding medium. Jones and Hull reported the modification of existing AFM by applying ultrasonic waves in the medium for machining blind cavities. The orbital flow machining process suggested by Gilmore has been recently claimed to be another improvement over AFM, which performs three-dimensional machining of complex components. These processes can be classified as hybrid machining processes (HMP)—a recent concept in the advancement of non-conventional machining. The reasons for developing a hybrid machining process is to make use of combined or mutually enhanced advantages and to avoid or reduce some of the adverse effects the constituent processes produce when they are individually applied. Rajurkar and Kozak have described around 15 various processes under this category. www.123seminarsonly.com 5. Shinmura and Yamaguchi and more recently Kim et al. The process under investigation is the combination of AFM and MAF. Results & Discussion Analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been applied to identify significant parameters and to test the adequacy of the models.com . A magnetic field has been applied around a component being processed by abrasive flow machining and an enhanced rate of material removal has been achieved. Kremen et al.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 3. particularly circular tubes. Magnetic fields have been successfully exploited in the past. electrochemical machining. www. and the effect of key parameters on the performance of the process has been studied.3. 3. This report presents the preliminary results of an ongoing research project being conducted with the aim of exploring techniques for improving material removal (MR) in AFM. used for micro machining and finishing of components.123seminarsonly. Experimental results indicate significantly improved performance of MAFM over AFM. A set-up has been developed for a composite process termed magneto abrasive flow machining (MAFM)..4. 3. Method In almost all non-conventional machining processes such as electric discharge machining. etc.. and is given the name magneto abrasive flow machining (MAFM). and Khairy have reported studies on this process. Aim and Specific Objectives This report discusses the possible improvement in surface roughness and material removal rate by applying a magnetic field around the work piece in AFM. low material removal rate is considered a general problem and attempts are continuing to develop techniques to overcome it. laser beam machining. One such technique studied uses a magnetic field around the work piece. such as machining force in magnetic abrasive finishing (MAF). Relationships are developed between the material removal rate and the percentage improvement in surface roughness of brass components when finishmachined by this process. 2. media.The use of magnetic field around the work piece. and surgical and tool manufacturing industries. Low finishing rate.MAFM is a new non-conventional machining technique . grit size. micro. meso. OVERVIEW AFM was developed in 1960s as a method to deburr. 3. polish intricate geometries. flow volume. This provides improvement in surface roughness and material removal rate. 4.com . This has opened up new vistas for finishing difficult to machine materials with complicated shapes which would have been otherwise impossible. Recently there has been a trend to create hybrid processes by merging the AFF process with other non-conventional processes. Bad surface texture. It deflects the path of abrasive flow.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 4. Low MRR.123seminarsonly. with the objective of helping in the selection of optimum machining parameters for the finishing of varied work pieces in practice . defence. This review provides an insight into the fundamental and applied research in the area and creates a better understanding of this finishing process. These processes are emerging as major technological infrastructure for precision. Here chips are formed by small cutting edges on abrasive particles. Extrusion pressure. Here ‘Microchipping’ of the surface is done. www. machining. number of cycles. The various limitations of Abrasive Flow Machining are overcome like: 1. The process has found applications in a wide range of fields such as aerospace.It produces surface finishes ranging from rough to extremely fine. and nano scale engineering. Uneconomical. and work piece configuration are the principal machining parameters that control the surface finish characteristics. 123seminarsonly.com . Furthermore. the machining process has to safely remove the material from work piece without inducing new sub-surface damages. These non-traditional methods cannot replace the conventional machining processes and a particular method. www. Unlike traditional grinding. A careful selection of the process for a given machining conditions is therefore essential. so developed. found suitable under the given conditions. The newer machining processes. NON-TRADITIONAL MACHINING In present world of competition.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 5. product quality is main requirement of the customer. the machining of work piece by means of magneto abrasive flow machining (MAFM) could be such a process. MAFM applies no such rigid tool with important advantage of subjecting the work piece to substantially lower stresses. etc. Ultrasonic Machining (USM) 7. Electro Chemical Machining (ECM) 2. are often called modern machining process or unconventional machining process. Some of the non-traditional processes are: 1. may not be equally efficient under other conditions. Magnetic Abrasive Flow Machining (MAFM). The energy in its direct or indirect form is utilized. Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) 3. So it is required to move towards the application of non-traditional methods. These are unconventional in the sense that the conventional tools are not employed for material removal. Ion Beam Machining (IBM) 4. Plasma Arc Machining (PAM) 6. lapping or honing processes with fixed tools. Laser Beam Machining (LBM) 5. It is impossible to get required degree of accuracy and quality with conventional methods of machining. The resistance provided by this cylinder is adjustable and can be set to any desired value with the help of a modular relief valve (8). At the end of the stroke the lower cylinder completely transfers the medium through the work piece to the upper cylinder.e. As the pressure provided by the piston of the press exceeds the resistance offered by the valve. A digital counter is used to count the number of cycles. An experimental set-up is designed and fabricated. Temperature indicators for medium and hydraulic oil are also attached. stroke length) is controlled with the help of a limit switch. The flanges facilitate clamping of the fixture (3) that contains the work piece (4) and index the set-up through 180° when required. which provides additional resistance to the medium flowing through the work piece. The piston (9) of the hydraulic press then imparts pressure to the medium according to the passage size and resistance provided by opening of the valve.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 6.up.1 MAFM set . the medium starts flowing at constant pressure through the passage in the work piece. it is shown in fig:6. 6. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP 6. It consisted of two cylinders (1) containing the medium along with oval flanges (2). The setup is integrated to a hydraulic press (6). Two eye bolts (5) also support this purpose. The upward movement of the piston (i. www.123seminarsonly. The flow rate of the medium was varied by changing the speed of the press drive whereas the pressure acting on the medium is controlled by an auxiliary hydraulic cylinder (7).2 The Fixture.1. Two strokes make up one cycle. The position of the two cylinders is interchanged by giving rotation to the assembly through 180° and the next stroke is started. The flow rate and pressure acting on piston of the press were made adjustable.com . was used. a non-magnetic material.com . The electromagnet was designed and fabricated for its location around the cylindrical work piece. 6. an abrasive called Brown Super Emery (trade name). It contains 40% ferromagnetic constituents.3 The Electromagnet. In this study. It was specially designed to accommodate electromagnet poles such that the maximum magnetic pull occurs near the inner surface of the work piece.1: The Workpiece www. The abrasive required for this experimentation has essentially to be magnetic in nature. 45% Al2O3 and 15% Si2O3. The medium used for this study consists of a silicon based polymer. 6. It consists of two poles that are surrounded by coils arranged in such a manner as to provide the maximum magnetic field near the entire internal surface of the work piece.4 The Abrasive Medium. supplied by an Indian company.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 The work fixture was made of nylon. hydrocarbon gel and the abrasive grains. Figure 6.123seminarsonly. www.Hydraulic press.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 Figure 6. 3. 4.Nylon fixture. 9. 13.Electromagnet).Cylinder containing medium. 6.com . 8. 2.Directional control valve.Modular relief valve. 10.2: Schematic illustration of the magneto abrasive flow machining process (1.Eye bolt. 7.Auxiliary cylinder.123seminarsonly. 11.Manifold blocks. 5.Piston of Hydraulic press. Flange.Workpiece. com Seminar Report 2010 . www.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Figure 6.3: Typical Machining Centre.123seminarsonly. 7. and 9. PROCESS PARAMETERS Following process parameters were hypothesised to influence the performance of MAFM: 1. 8. Grain size and concentration of the abrasive. Number of cycles.123seminarsonly. 2.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 7.com . www. Viscosity of the medium. Flow rate (volume) of the medium. Reduction ratio. Table 7. Extrusion pressure. Flow volume of the medium. Work piece material. 5. 6. 3. 4.1: Levels of Independent Parameters. Magnetic flux density. The reason for choosing these variables for the model was that they could be easily varied up to five levels. It is possible to represent independent process parameters in quantitative form as: Y ∑ f(X1.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 7.123seminarsonly. X3… Xn) e. the effect of process variables on the output of the process and their interaction effects have been determined within a specified range of parameters. LC 0.1 Design of experiments With the help of experimental design. therefore percentage improvement in surface roughness (∑Rs) has been taken as the response parameter.com . e is the experimental error. The mathematical form of f can be approximated by a polynomial. X2. Twenty experiments were conducted at stipulated conditions based upon response surface methodology (RSM). M2) were employed for the measurements of MR and surface roughness. X3… Xn are independent parameters. www. The roughness values were taken by averaging the readings at several points on the surface. The experimental specimens were chosen from a large set of specimens in such a way that selected specimens had inherent variation in their initial surface roughness values in a narrow range. Cylindrical workpieces made of brass were chosen as the experimental specimen. A central component rotatable design for three parameters was employed. MR and percentage improvement in surface roughness value (∑Rs) were taken as the response parameters. medium flow rate and number of cycles were selected as independent variables. where Y is the response (yield). respectively. The roughness was measured in the direction of flow of the medium. It was not possible to remove this variability completely. f is the response function.1 mg) and a perthometer (Mahr. The magnetic flux density. The dependent variable is viewed as a surface to which the mathematical model is fitted. X2. and X1. An electronic balance (Metler. which are already moving at considerable speed.1: (a) Off-state MR fluid particles (b) Aligning in an applied magnetic field. it is sufficient to deflect the abrasive particles. Simultaneously. Abrasives are impinged on the work piece with a specified pressure which is provided by the piston and cylinder arrangement or with the help of an intensifier pump. resulting in an increased amount of cutting wear and thereby giving rise to an overall enhancement of material removal rate. (a) (b) Figure 8. When a strong magnetic field is applied around the work piece.123seminarsonly. The particles that otherwise would have passed without striking the surface now change their path and take an active part in the abrasion process.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 8. Therefore it appears that. www. some of them impinge on the surface at small angles. thus causing an enhancement in material removal. It is to be mentioned here that although the mechanical pull generated by the magnetic field is small. more abrasive particles strike the surface. by virtue of the application of the magnetic field. thereby resulting in microchipping of the surface. the flowing abrasive particles (which must essentially be magnetic in nature) experience a sideways pull that causes a deflection in their path of movement to get them to impinge on to the work surface with a small angle. The pressure energy of the fluid is converted into kinetic energy of the fluid in order to get high velocity.com . The magnetic field is also expected to affect the abrasive distribution pattern at the machining surface of the work piece. PRINCIPLE The volume of abrasive particles is carried by the abrasive fluid through the work piece. Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 Figure 8.2: Principle of Material Removal Mechanism www.com .123seminarsonly. SiC with silicon gel is also used as an abrasive media.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 9.Also diamond coated magnetic abrasives can be used to finish ceramic bars. It contains 40% ferromagnetic constituents.com . 45% Al2O3 and 15% Si2O3. An abrasive called Brown Super Emery (trade name). hydrocarbon gel and the abrasive grains. supplied by an Indian company is normally used. ABRASIVE MEDIUM The mainly used abrasive media is a Silicon based polymer. Figure 9.The abrasive required is essentially magnetic in nature for the proper machining process to take place.1: Mechanism of Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining www.123seminarsonly. 1 One-way machines. Two-Way Machines 3. while a medium collector collects the medium as it extrudes out from the internal passages. When the extrusion medium chamber is charged with the working medium. the operation is resumed.com . www. The hydraulically actuated piston intermittently withdraws from its extruding position to open the extrusion medium chamber access port to collect the medium in the extrusion medium chamber. The extrusion medium chamber is provided with an access port to periodically receive medium from the collector into extrusion chamber. Fixture directs the flow of the medium from the extrusion medium chamber into the internal passages of the work piece. One-Way Machines 2. One way MAFM process apparatus is provided with a hydraulically actuated reciprocating piston and an extrusion medium chamber adapted to receive and extrude medium unidirectionally across the internal surfaces of a work piece having internal passages formed therein. MAFM MACHINES MAFM Machines are classified into 3.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 10. Orbital Machines 10.123seminarsonly. namely:1. Two-way machine has two hydraulic cylinders and two medium cylinders. from the filled chamber to the empty chamber via the restricted passageway through or past the work piece surface to be abraded. the medium is extruded back and forth between the chambers for the desired fixed number of cycles.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 Figure 10. www. Typically.2 Two-way machines.com . The medium is extruded.123seminarsonly.1: Unidirectional MAFM Process 10. hydraulically or mechanically. recessed areas and even blind cavities can be finished by using restrictors or mandrels to direct the medium flow along the surfaces to be finished. Counter bores. it compressively displaces and tangentially slides across the compressed elastic plastic self-formed pad which is positioned on the surface of a displacer which is roughly a mirror image of the work piece.2: Two–way MAFM Process 10. low-amplitude. In orbital MAFM. but typically higher in viscosity and more in elastic. As the circular eccentric oscillation continues. the highly elastic abrasive medium must be somewhat plastic in order to be self-forming and to be continually presenting fresh medium to the polishing gap. plus or minus a gap accommodating the layer of medium and a clearance. the full circular oscillation engages each portion of the surface. When work piece with complex geometry translates.3: Orbital MAFM Process (a) Before start of finishing (b) While finishing. different portions of the work piece slide across the medium. Figure 10. elastically compresses (5 to 20%) and slides across the medium as the work piece moves along its orbital oscillation path. To assure uniformity. www. Ultimately.123seminarsonly. Orbital MAFM concept is to provide transitional motion to the work piece.com . a portion of its surface bumps into the medium pad.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 Figure 10. A small orbital oscillation (0. at any point in its oscillation. The tool is a pad or layer of abrasive-laden elastic plastic medium. In orbital MAFM. surface and edge finishing are achieved by rapid. the work piece is precisely oscillated in two or three dimensions within a slow flowing ‘pad’ of compliant elastic/plastic MAFM medium.5-5 mm) circular eccentric planar oscillation is applied to the work piece so that.3 Orbital machines. oscillations of the work piece relative to a self-forming elastic plastic abrasive polishing tool. 1: An ultra-high pressure pump www. An engine or electric motor is used which drives a hydraulic pump.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 11. The intensifier pump creates pressures high enough for machining.600 kPa) are achieved which is given into the intensifier cylinder. ULTRA-HIGH PRESSURE PUMPS.com .900 to 27. Pressures from 1.000 psi (6. High pressure pumps are an alternative to create pressure.000 to 4. Hydraulic fluid pushes a large piston to generate a high force. Figure 11.The plunger pressurizes fluid to a level proportional to the relative cross-sectional areas of the large piston and the small plunger.123seminarsonly. thus causing an enhancement in material removal. the surface atoms become more vulnerable to removal by subsequent abrasive grains. which causes the detachment of material often referred to as ‘cutting wear’. the flowing abrasive particles (which must essentially be magnetic in nature) experience a sideways pull that causes a deflection in their path of movement to get them to impinge on to the work surface with a small angle. more abrasive particles strike the surface. which are already moving at considerable speed. The particles that otherwise would have passed without striking the surface now change their path and take an active part in the abrasion process. thereby resulting in microchipping of the surface. by virtue of the application of the magnetic field. Therefore it appears that. The momentum that abrasive particles acquire due to these conditions can be considered to be responsible for microploughing and microchipping of the surface in contact with the abrasive. When a strong magnetic field is applied around the work piece.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 12. More abrasive particles attack the surface repeatedly. Simultaneously. In abrasive jet machining the energy of the striking abrasive particle is imparted by the high speed of the medium stream. MECHANISM OF MATERIAL REMOVAL. www. It is to be mentioned here that although the mechanical pull generated by the magnetic field is small.com .123seminarsonly. but in MAFM the required energy to the abrasive particles is provided by high pressure acting on the viscoelastic carrier medium. Microploughing causes plastic deformation on the surface of the metal. The magnetic field is also expected to affect the abrasive distribution pattern at the machining surface of the work piece. some of them impinge on the surface at small angles. it is sufficient to deflect the abrasive particles. However. Solid particle erosion proposed by Finnie is considered as the basic mechanism of material removal in MAFM with some modifications. Initially no material removal takes place. resulting in an increased amount of cutting wear and thereby giving rise to an overall enhancement of material removal rate. The medium dilates and the abrasive particles come under a high level of strain due to the pressure acting in the restriction. 1: Effect of magnetic flux density and medium flow rate on MRR Graph 12.123seminarsonly.3: Effect of medium flow rate and number of cycles on MRR www.com .Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 Graph 12.2: Effect of number of cycles and magnetic flux density on MRR Graph 12. Ravi Sankar et.com . This causes reshuffling of abrasive particles at outer region. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS Besides Singh and Shan who applied magnetic field around the work piece in A. Material removal rate is found to decrease with decrease in drill bit diameter. Mand observed that magnetic field significantly affect the material removal and change in surface roughness. F. The inner part of medium slug flows along the helical flute which creates random motion among the abrasive in inner region of the medium.al.. He rotated different shaped tiny rods at the centre of the medium flow path and used a low viscosity medium to finish. He concluded that the better surface finish is achieved due to centrifugal action caused by the rod on the abrasives and this process is called Centrifugal Force Assisted Abrasive Flow Machining (CFAAFM). Also abrasive traverse path is longer than the AFM abrasive traverse path in each cycle. It results in higher finishing rate in DBG-AFM as compared to AFM. Biing-Hwa Yanet. comparatively more number of new and fresh abrasive grains interacts with the work piece surface. placed spiral fluted screw in the medium flowing path to improve surface quality.al. tried to improve the finishing rate.123seminarsonly. material removal and surface texture by placing drill bit in the medium flow path called Drill Bit Guided AFM. Hence. www.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 13. 2. MAFM deburrs precision gears. Abrasive materials tend to get embedded. 6.123seminarsonly. MAFM polishes internal and external features of various components. www. ADVANTAGES 1. LIMITATIONS 1. 4. Controllability. 5. MAFM removes recast layer from components.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 14. Effective on all metallic materials. repeatability and cost effectiveness. A very high volume of internal deburring is possible.com . 3. 15. 7. Less Time Consumption. 4. Mostly Magnetic materials.com Seminar Report 2010 . 3. Require start up hole.123seminarsonly. www. 2. 16. APPLICATIONS 16.1 Automotives.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining if the work material is ductile. Require closed environment. The original 2 micron ∑Rs (EDM Finish) is improved to 0. 16.com . 16. Internal passages within a turbine engine diffuser are polished to increase air flow to the combustion chamber of the engine.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 The demand for this process is increasing among car and two wheeler manufacturers as it is capable to make the surfaces smoother for improved air flow and better performance of high-speed automotive engines. and steel (Thicker metal or composites). Since in the MAFM process. The uniformity of stock removal by MAFM permits accurate ‘sizing’ of undersized precision die passages. typically eliminating fixturing requirements.123seminarsonly.6 Metal Fabricators: Offer "clean edge" plate work. power robbing cast surfaces are improved from 80-90% regardless of surface complexities. abrading medium conforms to the passage geometry. complex shapes can be finished with ease. Dies are ideal workpieces for the MAFM process as they provide the restriction for medium flow. Maintenance and Repair Shops. 16.3 Laser Shops with materials as titanium.2 micron with a stock removal of (EDM recast layer) 0. and turbine engine components.5 Controls Just-in-Time inventory requirements.7 Aerospace engine and control system components. The rough. R&D. MAFM process is capable to finish automotive and medical parts. 16. www.2 Dies and Moulds.025 mm per surface. 16. 16.4 Prototype. 3: Microchiped surface of a metal. Figure 16. 17.com .123seminarsonly. Empirical modelling with the help of response surface has led to the following conclusions about www. CONCLUSION A magnetic field has been applied around a component being processed by abrasive flow machining and an enhanced rate of material removal has been achieved.1: Surface finish improvement before and after on (a) internal passages within turbine engine diffuser (b) medical implants (c) complete automotive engine parts. Figure 16.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 Figure 16.2: Photomicrograph showing complete removal of EDM recast layer. 2. Medium flow rates do not have a significant effect on MRR and surface roughness in the presence of a magnetic field. It is commonly applied to finish complex shapes for better surface roughness values and tight tolerances. MAFM is a well-established advanced finishing process capable of meeting the diverse finishing requirements from various sectors of applications like aerospace. 953-959. more improvement in MRR is expected at still higher values of magnetic field. REFERENCES 1. if processed in the magnetic field. medical and automobile.com . For a given number of cycles. Fewer cycles are required for removing the same amount of material from the component. 4. S. 5. www. So. 18. Shan H. Issue number 42 (2002).The combination of low flow rates and high magnetic flux density yields more MRR and smaller surface roughness. there is a discernible improvement in MRR and surface roughness. Therefore. International Journal of machine tools and manufacture. The slope of the curve indicates that MRR increases with magnetic field more than does surface roughness. acoustic emission technique is tried to monitor the surface finish and material removal .123seminarsonly. Singh S. The better performance is achieved if the process is monitored online. But the major disadvantage of this process is low finishing rate. Magnetic field and medium flow rate interact with each other . MRR and surface roughness both level off after a certain number of cycles. Magnetic field significantly affects both MRR and surface roughness.Various modelling techniques are also used to model the process and to correlate with experimental results. 1. “Development of magneto abrasive flow machining process”. But experts believe that there is still room for a lot of improvements in the present MAFM status.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining Seminar Report 2010 the variation of response parameters in terms of independent parameters within the specified range. 3. K Jain.A. US patent number 5.K. “Design and development of the magneto rheological abrasive flow finishing process”. Jain V.K Jain. Lal G. Unidirectional abrasive flow machining.J Rhoades. Kohut T. 74-81. 7. 1019-1029. International Journal of Machine tool & manufacture. Petri K. International Journal of machine tool & manufacture.123seminarsonly.128-139. 1903-1923. “Stochastic modeling and analysis of abrasive flow machining”.P. 367.L. 833.com . 4. Nov 29th. “Forces prediction during material deformation in magneto abrasive flow machining”. Issue number 260 (2006). Issue number 17 (1998). Journal of manufacturing systems. Jha S. 3.K. http://www. Issue number 114 (1992).K.cn www. “A neural network process model for magneto abrasive flow machining operations.tnmsc. 52-64. R. Issue number 39 (1999). Nokovich N. R. Journal of Engineering for Industry.Magneto Abrasive Flow Machining 2. 6. Bidanda B. Issue number 44 (2004). V. “Modeling of material removal and surface roughness in magneto abrasive flow machining process”. 5. Journal of manufacturing systems. Gorana V. Seminar Report 2010 L.E Williams. 8.1994.