c npo6neunre Ha aHT[rrHocrra, flocpe,{crBoM rrauoro6poilH}rre cI{ ny6auraqru nrn Bpb3Ka c BoeHHaTa xcTopx, u BoeHHaTa opraHH3arlil, Ha AoJrHoAyHaBcKI{Te npoBilHI{uu B erroxara Ha p[Mcr(oTo BIaA[qecTBo.
flpelrraer Ha ryr( pa3rnexaaHara MoHorpat[nr e cbAbpxauaTa ce B Notitia Dignitatum rxrfopvraur.rr 3a npoBlrHur.rn're Bropa Mllslrq u Cxilrnq. Anropri cu rocraBq 3a rreJr Aerafinxo u3cJreABaHe Ha opraH[3aqurra ll $ynrrironNpauero Ha noJruTr,rKo-aAMxr{[crpaTr,rBHflTe, xKoHoMrqecr(uTe rr BoeHHr{Te cTpyl(Typu B ABeTe npoBr,rHuxx qpe3 aHarlr3 Ha orHacrull{Te ce 3a rrx nacaxlr r cuonrbuaroro cbtruHeHHe rr cblocraBra Ha rIaHHrlTe c xafi-paruoo6pa:nu Kareropxr{ H3Bopl{: apxeorornqecrn) enurpat[crr.r, HyMH3MaiHvHx, Jrureparypuu, ropHrIrrqecKr{, nanEpoJroruyecrH.. floao6no [3cJreABaHe He e flpaBeuo B cbBpeMeHHara HayqHa NHr{xHr{r{a, a x3BopoBara 6aaa uenpecraHHo ce y6eJrltqaBa c Hanpe,rlBaHero Ha npoyt{Barercrara nefixoct. Orparexara n Notitia Dignitatum crpyrrypa Ha AbpxaBHu, MexaH[3bM, oi[opvrnero r{a Korro 3arroqBa no BpeMe ua flrpnara rerpapxur, t}ynrqrour.rpa 6ee 3xaqr{TerrH}r npoMeH}.r Ao r(pas Ha V - HaqaJroro Ha VI B. flopa4n roBa, xpoHorortrqecrr.r.qr o6xnar Ha MoHorpatf uruoro [3cJreABaHe na M. 3axapHaAe e or 284 ao 490 r. - trep].ro.I1 or BpeMe, o3HaqaBaH or HrKor,! Hcropr{q}r raro "eno*a na Notitia Dignitatum". fltpnara ulaBa npercraBJrrBa BbBeAeHxe a npo6.rrerr,tarnrara sa reuara. Tr cbA'bpxa Kparr(x 6eaexru Bbpxy_-r{cropurra Ha x3cJreABaHxrra na Notitia Dignitatum. Hrarpuren e npeureA Ha pbKonxcure, npenHclrre, H3AaHurra x Hayt{Hara KHHxHrtHa, cBbp3aHa c naMerr{Hr(a iltu c qacrfl or qero. O6soprr o6xsarua t,t cbcTocHnero Ha [poyqBaHucra Ha HrrorarrrHure puMcr(r npoBxHllur Bropa MngH u Crurul, Tara KaKTo ro1 e orpa3eHo B cbBpeMeHHara ucropr{orpa$ur. Bropara rnaBa pa3rJrexrla BbflpocllTe, orHaccqu ce .r1o yqpe.(rBauero Ha npoBllrrrr{}rre Bropa Mxs},iq n Crurnl. Br3 ocxona Ha eAr{H Ha1nuc or Touncl u ra cro6paxeHnflTa orHocHo Bpb3r(ara MexAy KoHcruTyupaHero Ha npoBr.rHrlx, Cxwrr.r u Qoprranpaxero ua HacraHeHrre raM aBa Jrerloua (l Iovia x II Herculia), anroptr ycrrrBa Aa ycraHoBr{, rre aAMhHHcrparl,tBHo-TepuTopuarHrre peQopvH B 3eMHTe no ,(onnur [yHaa 6xrr usnrpureH],r MexAy 2l rcnu 286 n 1 v.apr 293 r. Hxrepecxa u go6pe apryMeHTr.rpaHa e re3ara, Kacaeula ceBepHara rpaxuua ra Bropa Mugur. M. 3axapnage npueMa, qe npe3 ylpaBJrextrero sa KoxcraxruH I rn6uta npeMecreHa Ha ceBep or p. .(yuab, a Cenepuara Hoaaxora 6pas,4a 6rna rsrpa.4eua rto cbrrloro BpeMe Karo AeMaprarluoHHa Ji'z.Htlr. MexAy pHMcKr{, r BapBapcr(H, cBf,T. CreA craro.rBanero Ha cbro3a c roTr{Te r 332 r., npeAocraBrr{ rM npaBo.[a ce 3aceJrBaT B oTBtAAyHaBcKHTe pHMcI(x BraAeHuq, Puv se,{e ue 6un B cRcrorHue Aa ocbulecrBf,Ba r(oHTpoJI HaA Ta3r{
lodpydwa lsl
199t
229
-
repr{ropur, nopaAr{ Koero rfl 6xaa rsocr#BeHa. CneA 335 r. Hrr,rneplxfl,Ta rrpoAbnxtrJra Aa roHTponupa caMo orpaxrtreH 6pofi yxpenaeHl, no nenrr 6pxr Ha ir. .(ynan, ro[To oxpalltBanu peqaure 6pogoae, npe,qcraBnaBaulx ecrecrBenr{ nbrltrrla 3a rraurecTBeHr{uuTe oT ceBep.
Tpera rJraBa e rrocBereHa Ha BoeHHara h rpax.qancrara ,AMr{Hucrpaiir sa HoBoytrpeAexr{Te rrpoBxxrlrn. Anropbr pa3rJrexAa noJroxeHr{ero B cnyxe6uaTa
fiepapxrr u flbJrr{oMorqr{rra Ha pa3n[rrHr{Te Kareropxl{ Abpxasxx qrxosxfiqr,
eBoJrrourrtra Ha floqerfiure r{M TI{TJII{ x crcraBa Ha rexHHTe raHrlenapxx. Bts ocHoga xa ennrparQcKure cBuAereJrcrna M. 3axapxage crflra Ao 3arnrcqeHlero; qe gyrcoBere ca roMaHABan[ rpaHutrxure noilcxr rr rIoA Tr.xHo BeAoMcrBo ce HaMxpanu BoeHHHTe [yHrroBe no Jrr{Meca x Mopcr[r. 6prr. YrpelJreuHrra BbB Bbrpeunocrra Ha npoBr{HII[I{Te, r(arro r uo6naunre tracru, HacraHeu[ B rpa.[oBere no rrlopcrrr 6prr lr BbB BbrpeuiHocrra, no EcrKa Bepor{THocr 6hax nprro loAquHeur.r xa magister
equitum et peditum per Thracias
Ha Ar{cnouupaxuTe BbB Bropa Mrsrc u Crxrrr soficr[ e npegMer Ha rJraBa Ha nrouorpatlrrra. Hsnrprueu e cflopeA TlnoBere EoeHHtr tracr[: legion's, cunei equitum, milites u cldssis. Aaropdr nohqepraBa, tre cne,( r.Hap. I'orcro Bbcraxlre, Ky+Mr{Haqxs Ha roero 6lrrro raracrpo$anHoro nopaxe[[e Ha pr{Mcrara apMnf, npn Xa.qpnaxofloJr r{a 9 anrycr 378 r., peaJrHoro ctcroxnre Ha BoeHxara opraxr{3au[r a pasiaexAaHr{Te npoBr{Hr{uu Beqe He orroBaprno Ha orpa3eHoro B Notitia Dignitatum. flpr Teo.qocrfi I sano.lHano KopelrHo rpecrpyrrypr{paHe Ha BoeHr{I{, e$errra xa Hr,anepu{Ta, sHarruTenen npoqerT or rofiro ganoqHaJlu Aa cbgraBnrBar traorr{, c$oprr,rxpanr or rQe4eparn u HaeMHr{rIl Hrrox or re3ure ua M. 3axapuage BbB Bp!3ra c nertroHnre a npoanxqru?e, tBrBa[I[ ce o6err Ha H3cJreABaHe, ca. TBbpAe Hr{TepecH[ x 3acnyxaBar cnequarixo or6eargsaxe. Kaxro cBtr4erencrByBa rSrynapxHcr enl,rrpat[cru r.rareprraJr, no BpeMe na flrpaara rerpapxr{fl JrerloHlre 6ruu gucaoq[paHr{ B no HrKo.rrro nygr(Ta,
fiper.ne4rr
9ernrpra
pa3[onoxexn no nporexex{e Ha rroBepexx, nlr oa or6paHa yqacrbr or rpaxxuara. Cnea perlopMure Ha Koucraxrrx I o6a.re, B pe3ynrar or peAyrlupaxe trlcrexocrra Ha rerxouxrez norenrrraJrtT Ha Bcerr{ or rflx B pa3FnexAaHr{Te rrpoBuHrrrrtr 6ua pasnpeAeneil Bege caMo B no ,[Ba Jlarepa, eArrxurr or Koxro ce ctll{Tiur sa 6asos r 6Ha oQrqyaaxo deAaluqe xa npeSexra r{ HeroBr{, rqa6. Cnope4 arropa, pedatura superior craxjrnaaa a 6agosrr Jrarep, a pedatura inferior - B ,(pyrrr. Apryuexrxre My ce cBexAar Ao nplMepr{ pr Apyrrre AyHaBcl(n flpoB]ilruill{, KbAero pedatura (uau pars) guperior 6una sacraxexa s 6agoau, narep utn 6urra pa3AeneHa MexAy Hero n Apyr, .qoraro pars inferior Hr{To BeAHEx He ce xBcBar,a B ceAanr{ulero Ha Jreruoxa. Brrnprerara re3a rcapa aBTopa Aa npeAJroxr{ ABe rronpaBr(r{ B Tercra xa Notitia Dignitatum, 3a Aa cbrJracyBa,qaHg,nre i crc cBoxre AoBoAx: 1)NDOr, XXXIX, 31: "superioris" nuecro "inferioris"; 2)NDOr, XL, 34: "Durostoro" nuecril "Transmariscae".
Bcr.rxx
r.I3aareJru
r{
r{3cnegoBarem
ca
eAr{HoAyIIIHI{,
qe noBTopeflr{ero
Ha
Tpaxcuapxcra a NDOr, XL, 34 r 35, rarro u xa inferioris n NDOr, XXXIX, 30 4 31, ce ABnxr{ Ha rperrrrr{, Aonycxarr{ or npenlcBatla Ha prrofirca. II{o ce oruacl Ao nonpaBKrTe J{a Tercra o6ave, MHeH[f,Ta ce pa3Mr{HaBar. IIIe cn [o3BoJrs Aa [3pa3x HecbrJrac[e c rBbpgexr{f,Ta Ha aBTopa rro HrKoJrro nyHKTa Bba Bpr3ra c phsraegaxxre no-rope Bbnpoc[. M. 3axapxage ixsaqa pedatura Karo o3natreH[e Ha HxKaKbB BoeHeH eQerrrn. Ocnex s Notitia Dignitatum, repMr,rHbr ce cpeua caMo y Bereqrfi, KbAero.rofi rua cMrtcbJl Ha "[Jrorq, reprropre"r. flo no.(o6eg xa'rflx ("y'rac.rrr") e npe.EaAexo noHrrxero u B npeBoAa xa Notitia Dignitatum B ToM I xa "Jlaruucrn r{3Bopr{ 3a 6rlrapcrara ucroput"4 Bceru oT lreruplrre ,err{oHa, .(ncnoqxpaHu nra Bropa M[3nf, u Cxnrtt, 6ut 230
,\o6pydttca
l8l l99l
or rro 5 Koxoprus. IIpx perlopl*rure Ha Koucraurru ocBe1 HaMaJI-lBaHeTo Ha r{rcreHocTTa trM, oT JIer[oHHTe 6rau xsnegexu KaBaJrepr{f,Ta x apT[.[ep$aTail O6oco6exx B oTAenHI{ BOeHHr{ nOApa3AeJIeHux. HcMa HI{KaKBH rroaarKH Ia ce Aorlycra I{ 3ana3BaHero Ha oco6exu, cTaryr Ha I l(oxopia, Koxro 6xJra c .(Ba nbru rro:roJriM? qrcretrocr (milliaria) or ocraHaJll,tre npfi crapara
pa3AeJreH Ha ABe qacrr{ B cbcran
l,
cTpyxTypa Ha ,reruoxa. B rarrn cnytrafi, BoelrxrTe eiberTuBx a 6agonrs. I{ BbB BTopIt, ,arep ca 6run e.ExarDu.no pa3Mep u xapar(Tep. CreAonareJlxo, TepMilIi[Te pedatura superior u pedatura inferior HrMar Korxqecraeli trrlt rat{ecrBeH cM}tcbJr. Te Morat, C11OpeA MeH, Aa Ce pa3rrexAaT CaMO B regrpaQg6n agnerT, Ou{e [OBeqe, qe CTOflT B npflr(a Bpb3r(a c ripa legionis. flpu rc6porBaHero Ha rpaxflqHuTe JIer[oHI{ BbB Bropa Mnsuc N Crurux (c r{3rJrtoqeHue Ha NDOr, XXXIX, 30 u 31, KbAero, I(arro 6e or6enceaHo flo-rope, B pe3ynrar Ha rpeuKa ce cnoMeuaBa lra ABa nrrlr inferioris), ntpno ce o3]IarlaBa pedatura superior, a nocJle inferior. BruvarensrtT norne4 Bbpxy rtasaxtrTe. )T1acrtr1ll Ce Ao 3aHUMaBaUlUTe gH npoBl{HIII{u, no(a3Ba' tle x3pexAaHero Ha BcI{qK}t a3noJloxeHr no rpaHl{Uara BoeHHr qacrl{ e r{3BbprrreHo E crpor reorpa$Cru noprArbl( no Te{eHl.{ero Ha p, .(,yxan, cbo6pa3Ho MecronoJroxexr,rero Ha rexxr{Te JIarepII. Onpegenenurra superior u inferior Qxrypupar B qilcro reorpaabcru cMHctbJI l{ B rMeHara Ha HrroJrxo pxMcr(ll [poBuHrIrH, pa3nonoxe1x xpafi roJreMure eBponeicxfi pe6r, yKa3BafiKlt
cnprMo peqHoTo TeqeHHe. H Asere npernorlteulr or M; 3axapxage nonpaBKu ce HaMI,Ipar B nporl{Bopeqne c ,cgo npocJreAflBaullr ce n Notitia Dignitatum reorpaifcrr noAxo.q B I{3JIoxeH}Iero,
TXXHOTO flOJIO,(eHI{e
rr IIpaBI{ Henp[eMJIl{BH. IIpr rona noJrorreHl,te, eAI{HcrBei{o npaB}ulHa, ctropeA MeH, e I{HTepnperaqllf,Ta Ha pedatura superior tr pedatura inferior raro ?'ropeH" t,t "goreH yqacrbK" or rpaxl{Ilara, KOeTO
noBepeHa Ha AaAeH rrerxoH 3a oxpaHa u or6paxa (ripa legionis). Taraaa rpal(roBl(a Ha hoxcrucra e npeAnoxena or npo$. B. Beaxos or{e B npeBoAa H roMeHrapa Ha Notitia
Dignitatum B ToM I sa "JIatnHcKI{ H3Boprt 3a 6bnrapcxara ncropuc". B nbrxo clrJracle c r{3JroxeHl,ITe rro-rope apryMeHTH ca r{ HanpaBeHlTe oT fiero floflpaBKl{ Ha AonycHarlrre B pbKonI{ca rpeur[6: NDOr, XXXIX, 30 "superioris" nMecro "inferioris"7; NDOr, XL, 35: "Durostoro" sMecro "Transmariscae"6. flerara uraBa Ha MoHorpa(b[f,Tz ct4 M. 3axapuage nocBelqala Ha i[oprnifxxa{ronxara c[creMa BbB Bropa M[sus x Cxntur. flo.q i}opMata ]Ia Karanor roi npegcraBs r(parr(H 6elex.rx orHocHo ciloruexarxre s Notitia Dignitatum yrpetr4exx.f,, cnrrpafiKx ce Ha rflxHaia loralulauurl, cbcrosHue Ha IIpoyYBaHurra I{ ucropu, B paMtture Ha xpouonqrtr{ecrrtf; o6xnar Ha [3cneanauero. BccKa or crarl{t{Te gb,q'bpxa lr no46paua 6r6nrorpa$ux. Cleg onrtcaHr{ero Ha or.[eJIHHre yKpenJlernt, aBTop'br npelrara u ncropr{ro-apxeororuqecK}r KoMeHTap, B xofiTo pa3rrexAa AefiHocTTa Ea r{Mnepcrara BJracr tro u3rpaxraHe, yKpenBaHe u per[opr.arpaue Ha or6paxrrenxara ' cHcreMa no Jrr{Meca, KaKTo H B'bB BbrperuHocrra H no MopcKHr 6prr. Bncoro ol(encsafirr Hayqxara Ao6pocbBecrrocr Ha aBTopa n Kpurlrqultc Ayx Ha u3creABar{ero, 6rx HcKaJI Aa u3Jlo)ra Hirou cbo6paxeHu, BbB Bpb3l(a c no(aJrH3ar{}r ATa Ha yr(penrrextaero Mediolana. Cnoueua'ro caMo s Notitia Dignitatum, To e trocraBego MexAy Tpuuaunyrr,r u Anrapnrg. Cnopeg M. 3axapuaAe' B To3lt yqacrbK He cblr{ecrByBa HI,{To eAHa. I(penocr,. neor6ear3aHa B l{3Bopa, nopaA[ Koero roi loraanglpa MeguoaaHa Ha 3anaA or Tpurr,raunyu, Ha Mflcroro, Kb.{ero n It. Ant., 221, 7 rfrrypupa cerlrlrlero CrafiAasa (3 xv ceaepHo or c. Eatux, Pycencxo). B geficrsurelHocr o6ate, BIB B'IrnpocHu, cerMeHT or AyuaBcl(ara rpaHuqa e x3Becrlto oule eAHo yr(pe[nenfie. To e pa3noJroxeHo Ha Bucorur 6prr xa p. ,,(yrar, xa 3 ru ceBepr{o or c. flnprono, Pyceucroru. Tau ce JroKaJr}r3r{pa cpe,qHoBeI(oBHI{flT rpaA. fluprocll, uo xaparreptT Ha no1eMHH, apxeoJrorxyecrr{ Marepttalrlzrateropnvuo cB[AereJIcTByBa 3a noceJlilrl{eH xHBor. }r npe3 aHTrlt{Hocrra. nocrarqHero Ha ,
flo1pydrxa lSt I99l 231
KbcHoaHTr{qHoro yKpenneHxe MeAlloflalf^a Ha roBa MicTo, cJre.{oBarenHo, HMa KOHI(peTHa apxeolorrqecra o6ocHoBKa, a reorpa(DcKxrT [opq,4bK Ha u3Jror(eH].reTo Ha AaHHr{Te B Notitia Dignitatum ro npaBu MHoro no-BepoqrHo or npe,[Jroxeuara or M. 3axapuaAe roKarfi 3autrq.
Ulecrara rJraBa,Ha pa3rJrexllalara vonorpai[ur u3.,rcHrBa opraHr{3auurra Ha cronaHcrBoro, TbproBuqra r.r rpaHcnopra BbB Bropa Mllsuc x Crrlruc, Ha 6agara xa cbnocraBKa cbc cbBpeMeHHxre ropr.rruqecrr,r naMerHr{ur{, errurpa$cxrr u apxeoJlorHqecxt{ cBHlleTeJrcTBa, aBToplsT ycTaHoBc Ba AocToBepHo cT\ a fi rleH HoCTTa Ha Notitia Dignitatum Karo H3Bop Jro re3!r Bbnpocu. B sarnlo.rurerrHxre 6elexrn Ha H3cJreABaxero (uana VII) M. 3axapuanq o6o6u1ana, qe Notitia Dignitatum e Aor(yMeHT, cbltbpxautr nn0gpr'aaur,rtr 3a MHoro nocJIeAoBaTenHI{ npoMeHLt, cBbp3aHU c aAMUH}tcTpaT}{BHaTa, nOJIr{T}{qecKa H BOeHHa
opraHH3auu, Ha PI{McKara rMnepxr, ].r3BbprrreHu 3a nepHoA or noBeqe or 100 r. Anroprr.cnogeJu MHeHHero, ve rpaiuara pe/raKqlm Ha pars Oriens Aarxpa or nocneAHnre ro.r(l.rlru Ha ynpaBrreHr.rero Ha TeoAocrfi I (394 - 395 r.), Karo cJreA Ta3H .{aTa B TeKCTa Ca HanpaBeHr{ nonlaBr(}r caMo BrB Bpb3r(a c paHra Ha IIyKcoBeTe. B repNropnarrHo-artMnHrcrparxBHara o6rac'r Notitia Dignitatum orpa3rBa opraHI{3aquoHHara peQopva or BpeMero Ha flbpBara rerpapxfir, ocTaHaJra B c[Jra Ao oKoHqarenHoro perar(Tr.rpaHe Ha.[or(yMeHTa, a il c:aeq\ ToBa. B [oJrr.rrr,rKo-a,qMr{Ht{crparr{BHara o6.nacr e orpa3eH caMo KpafiHuqr erafl B eBoJrroqlrrra Ha paHra Ha Ea npoBxuuurare, Aarr.rpau or [epuo.r{a 401 - 409 r. Tona ca n xafi-xtcnare nonpaBxl{, BHeceHE BbB Ber{e 3aBbpueHxc reKer Ha pars Oriens or'Notitia Dignitatum.
,tyrcoBere
Brn
u Cnrrrs c{HTe3xpar B erana B opraHlr3aqlrrra Ha AyHaBcKlt, JrttMec,
aoexHara o6racr, pa3aenxTe ea Bropa Mxslrc
oKoHqareJIHl4r.
cu rnl! 5
ocHosHl.r
ornacxqucecborBerHorcbMynpaBJreHr{rrana: l)flrpoarardrpapxrr;2)Koxcraxruu I; 3) Koncranqufi II;4) Balenc; 5) Teo.qocufi I. KonauexcHr.r.f,r aHaJrH3 Ha HaJrlrt{Hrre cBeAeHr.r, AaBa ocHoBaxne xa aBropa Aa rBbp.{H, ,re
n3non3yBaHa raTo ocHoBeH
Notitia Dignitatum naoxe Aa 6tAe
lr .qocroBepeH r,r3Bop 3a H3{cHrBaHe cTpyr(TypaTa u apM[' xa .(onuur .(,ynan 3a nepxo.qa ao 378 r. cleA
AlrcJroKau[rra Ha pr.rMcKara raracrpoQara IIpI{ Xa,ApraxonoJr MHoro or cnoMeHarHTe ,{acr[ fi3rre3Haru
B
pe3ynrar
Ha $u3l,r.recro yHr{u{or(eH}re Hrrr{ pasQopr*auponaue. E.(uxcrBeHoro BoeHHo floApa3.qe.rreHr.re, cb3AaBaHero x cburecrByBaHero r{a Koero crc cu}ypnocr Moxe Aa ce cB6px(e c ynparineuuero Ha TeoAocr,rfi l, e orpaseuuxr a NDOr, XXXIX, 18 Cuneus equitum Arcadum. HxrepecHo e npeA[oJroxeHrero Ha aBropa orHocxo Bb3MoxHocrra Honoo6pa3yBaHlrre or cblrln, r.rMneparop qacru or $e4eparu cb3HareJlHo .qa He ca B(rrorreHu B cnxcbra or cro6paxeHnc, npoAxKTyBaHH or yr3BeHa HarIr{oHaJrHa
tooT"J.*roqesue
6ux Hc*arr Aa or6erexa, qe Mo*orpa6 il,era ,aMrxar.n 3axapxaAe
ce issaa eranHo
r.r3cJre,rIBaHe Ha BooHHo:2IlMr{Hr{crparuBHI{Te crpyr
Report "M. Zahariade. Moesia Secunda, Scythia si Notitia Dignitatum. Bucuresti, 1988, 200 p. – Добруджа, 8, 1991, 229-233"