Family Tree Introduction In logical reasoning, it is one of the scoring topic as it is easier to understand the blood relation of one’s family & apply them to the question. But to make the data crisp & clear the family relation are depicted in a tree form so that the relation do not confuse. Certain symbols are used as a common language for depicting relations in family tree. Symbolic representation of a family tree To build a family tree, certain symbols are used to make it as a common language to denote relationships. You may use any other to denote the family relationships. Relations Symbolic representation A is male A is female Gender is not known A & B are married to each other A & B are siblings A & C are B’s children A is the uncle/ aunt of B B is the only child of A Understanding terms in Blood Relations Brother in law Brother of one’s spouse The husband of one’s Sister The husband of the sister of one’s spouse Sister in law The sister of one’s spouse The wife of one’s brother The wife of the brother of one’s spouse Mother in law The mother of one’s spouse Father in law The father of one’s spouse Son in law The husband of one’s daughter Daughter in law The wife of one’s son Grand Parents Sibling Cousin A child of one’s aunt or uncle Person having one or both parents in common with another person Parents of the parents Second Cousin Uncle Aunt Nephew Niece Maternal Paternal Related through one’s father Related through one’s mother Daughter of one’s brother or sister Son of one’s brother or sister The sister of one’s father or mother The wife of one’s uncle The brother of one’s mother or father The husband of one’s aunt A child of a first cousin of one’s parents NOTE- Blood Relation-based Questions 1. 2. 3. One of the keys to solve blood relation-based problems is to identify the married couples, the number of which would be mentioned in the question. Understand the genders & generations. Do not assume the genders from the names, if the names are unisex. E.g. Kamal, Snehal can be names of both males & females. Try to use family tree symbols & develop the tree on page than mere imagination. Solved Examples 1) A & B are married couple, X & Y are brothers, X is the brother of A. How Y is related to B? a) Brother b) Brother-in-law c) Son d) Son-in-law Solution: A & B are couple. We don’t know their gender individually. A=B We get, Brother-in-law. Hence, [b]. 2) A’s mother is sister of B & has a daughter C. How can A be related to B from among the following? a) Niece b) Uncle c) Daughter d) Father Solution: A’s mother is sister of B. Daughter C, its redundant. Among the following option, A is the Niece of B. Hence, [a]. 3) If A+B means B is the brother of A, A*B means B is the husband of A, A-B means A is the mother of B, A/B means A is the father of B, which of the following relations shows that Q is the grandmother of T? a) Q-P+R/T b) P*Q/R-T c) P*Q/R-T d) P+Q/R-T e) None of these Solution: Q-P means Q is the mother of P. P+R means P is the brother of R. R/ T means R is the father of T. So, combining all these sentences, we come to know that Q is the mother of T’s father, R. Hence, [a]. 4) Pointing to Gopi, Nalni says, “I am the daughter of the only son of his grandfather.” How Nalni is related to Gopi? a) Niece b) Daughter c) Sister d) Cannot be determined e) None of these Solution: From her statement, we can say that Gopi’s father is the only son of his grandfather. And, Nalni is the daughter of Gopi’s father. So, Nalni is the sister of Gopi. Hence, [c]. 5) Pointing to a photograph Anjali said, “He is the only son of my grandfather. How is the man in the photograph related to Anjali? a) Brother b) Uncle c) Son d) Data is inadequate e) None of these Solution: The person in the photograph is Anjali’s father. Hence, [e]. Hence. A is the grandson of B.e. may be father or mother. a) Only I b) Only II c) Either I or II d) I & II both e) None of these Solution: The sentence “A & B are children of D” means that D is the parent of A.1-5: i. B. C is the mother of A and F. How that woman is related to Shashank? a) Daughter b) Sister-in-law c) Wife d) Daughter-in-law e) None of these Solution: From Shashank’s statement we can conclude that the woman is the mother of Shashank’s grand daughter i. c) D d) F e) None of these 3. Shashank said. Hence. Hence. Exercise . From II. “She is the mother of the only daughter of my son”. 6) Introducing a woman. E is the father of D. iii. Devika is married to Aman who is the son of Madhu and Jeewan. A. 6. vi. D. iv. [d]. v.6-8: Read the information given below to answer these questions. Ankur is the grandson of Madhu and Jeewan. Shashank is the paternal grandfather to the daughter of the woman (whom he is introducing). C. [b].1 Directions Q. E and F are six members of a family. II F is the mother of B. 1. c) Daughter d) Mother e) None of these 5. There are two married couples among them. Krishna who is Aman’s sister is married to Sunil and has two sons Anuj and Ankur. How is B related to F? a) Sister b) Grandmother How is F related to A? a) Sister b) Brother c) Wife d) Daughter e) None of these 4. Who is the father of A? To answer this question which of the statements I & II is necessary? I C is the brother of A & the son of E. ii. we can say that F is the mother of A. The total number of female members in the family is three.5) A & B are children of D. Romila is the daughter of Aman. Which of the following pairs is one of the married couples? a) EF b) BD c) EB d) AF e) None of these Who is the wife of E? a) B b) C 2. D has to be the father. Roma and Mohan is a married couple having two daughters names Smita and Devika. Which of the following is group of female members? a) BDE b) AFB c) DCF d) BCF e) None of these Directions Q. How is Krishna related to Devika? a) Sister-in-law b) Sister c) Aunt d) Cannot be determined e) None of these . Sita is Niece of Ashok. which of the following relation is true? a) P and A are cousins b) P is maternal uncle of A c) Q is the maternal grandfather of A d) C and P are sisters e) None of these Directions Q. D is C’s father and E is D’s mother. “That boy playing with the football is the younger of the two brothers of the daughter of my father’s wife.” How is the boy playing football related to Deepak? a) Son b) Brother c) Cousin d) Brother-in-law e) None of these Introducing a boy. ii. iii. “He is the only son of the mother of my mother. F. iv. is married to the Lady Teacher. Kalyani is Lakshmi’s mother. And A/B means B is the daughter of A. Teacher. e) None of these 5. B. Parvathi is the mother-in-law of Gopal. A is the grandmother of F. C.” How is the boy related to the girl? a) Brother b) Nephew c) Uncle d) Son-in-law e) None of these If A+B means A is the brother of B. D. How is E related to F? a) Brother b) Sister c) Cousin Brother d) Cannot be determined e) None of these 7. “He is the son of the daughter of the father of my uncle. Engineer and Accountant. D. vi. a woman said. Kalyani’s husband is Gopal. E is the unmarried Engineer. the Accountant. Doctor. v. If A is B’s sister. E and F. P is the son of Z. d) Cannot be determined e) None of these . b) Romila is the cousin of Krishna e) None of these c) Madhu is Sunil’s mother-in-law 9. C and Q are sisters. the salesman.” How is the woman related to the man? a) Mother b) Sister c) Niece d) Maternal aunt e) None of these Deepak said to Nitin. a girl said. A is the son of C. 6. is the son of B and brother of E. Salesman. 3. They are Lawyer. A*B means A is the wife of B. The doctor is married to Lawyer. There are two married couples in the family. Z is the mother of Q. Introducing a man. What is the relationship between Anuj and Romila? a) Uncle-Niece b) Husband-Wife c) Father-Daughter Which of the following is true? a) Anuj is the son of Smita d) Jeewan is Devika’s maternal d) Cousins e) None of these 8. Which of the following is the profession of B? a) Teacher b) Doctor c) Lawyer Which of the following is the profession of A? a) Lawyer b) Teacher c) Doctor d) Cannot be determined e) None of these 8. How is Sita related to Gopal? a) Great grandson’s daughter b) Gopal is Sita’s father c) Sita is Gopal’s great grand-daughter d) Grand Niece e) None of these 10. i.6-10: Read the information given below to answer these questions. Then which of the following means M is the maternal uncle of N? a) M+O*N b) M/O*N+P c) M+O/N d) N+O*M+P 2. C is B’s mother. then how A is related to D? a) Grandfather b) Daughter c) Grandmother d) Grand-daughter e) None of these Exercise – 2 1.7. vii. Ashok’s mother is Lakshmi. 4. There is a family of six persons A. iii. A B means A is the brother of B. Madhav said.7&8: Each of these questions is based on the following information: i. Which of the following is one of the couples? a) FD b) DB c) EA d) Cannot be determined e) None of these 10. If P$Q means P is the brother of Q. “His mother is the only daughter of my mother. who is the father? a) D b) B c) C d) Data is inadequate e)None of these Pointing towards a girl. A B means A is the mother of B. P*Q means P is the daughter of Q in A#B$C*D. P+Q means P is the sister of Q.” What is the relation of Abhishek’s wife to that girl? a) Daughter b) Mother c) Aunt d) Sister e) None of these If A+B means A is the brother of B. “This girl is the daughter of only child of my father. iv. 4. Which of the following means that Q is the grandfather of P? a) P N*M*Q b) Q*N*M P c) Q M N*P d) Q*M N P Which of the following means that N is the maternal uncle of M? a) N P L E M b) N Y A M c) M Y*P N d) N C F*M e) None of these 8.9&10: Each of these questions is based on the following information: i. ii. P-Q means P is the mother of Q. To answer the above question which of the statements is surplus? a) Only(ii) b) Only(iii) c) Only(i) d) Only(iv) and (i) e) None of these . 9. Which of the following means that M is the maternal uncle of R? a) M*T-R b) M/T-R c) M+T/K-R d) M/N+J-R e) None of these 10. a woman said.” How is the woman related to the man? a) Mother b) Grandmother c) Sister d) Daughter e) None of these Pointing to Varman. iii. ii. P#Q means P is the mother of Q. Directions Q. A B means A is the sister of B. 7. Which of the following means that C is the son of M? a) M-N*C+F b) F-C+N*M c) N+M-F*C d) M*N-C+F e) None of these 2. 5. Abhishek says. 3.9. “I am the only son of one of the sons of his father. iv. A/B means A is the father of B and A*B means A is the sister of B. How is D related to F? a) Grandfather b) Father c) Uncle d) Brother e) None of these Exercise – 3 1.” How is Varman related to Madhav? a) Nephew b) Uncle c) Father or Uncle d) Father e) None of these If A+B means A is the brother of B. Which of the following means M is the uncle of P? a) M/N*P b) N*P/M c) M+S/R/P d) M+K/T*P e) None of these Pointing towards a man. A-B means A is the sister of B and A*B means A is the father of B. P/Q means P is the father of Q. A*B means A is the father of B. 6. e) None of these Directions Q. P*Q means P is the brother of Q. II. c 9. A4P means A is the brother of P. d 3. b 3. c 10. d 7. P is the mother of Q who is the husband of R and S who is the sister of Q. 6. B9D means B is the sister of D. is the daughter of T. II.4 1. a 10. a 7. B5D means B is the father of D. d 4. I. III. To answer the above question which of the statements are not necessary? a) Only(I) b) Only(II) c) Only(II) and (III) d) Any one of these e) None of these 8.1 Ex. e 8. III. b 2.3 Ex.” How is Sandeep related to the girl? a) Uncle b) Cousin c) Father d) Grandfather e) None of these I. a 5. d) F3M5N3K e) None of these 7. 5. d 10. b 5. b 8. B3D means B is the wife of D. a 5. D . A9P means A is the husband of P. d 7. b 3. e) None of these 3. a 9. a 7. Which of the following means that K is the mother-in-law of M? a) M9N3K4J b) M9N5K3J c) K5J9M3N d) K9N3K4J To answer the above question.” How Reena is related to that boy? a) Mother b) Sister c) Aunt d) Cannot be determined e) None of these Pointing to a girl Sandeep said.” How is Raman related to that boy? a) Brother b) Uncle c) Cousin d) Father e) None of these Answer Key Ex. d 8. c 2. c 10. Pointing to a photograph of a boy Raman said. d 6. a 4. a 1. IV. c 6. a 9. Which of the following means F is the mother of K? a) F3M5K b) F5M3K c) F9M4N3K 4. e 4.Exercise – 4 1. d 6. b 8. a 2. which of the statements is not necessary? a) Only III b) Only I c) Only III or I d) Only II e) None of these 2. e 1. B4D means B is the brother of D. e 5. a 3. IV. b 4. A5P means A is the daughter of P. Which of the following relations is not true? a) T is the father of Q b) S is the daughter of P c) R is the daughter-in-law of T d) P is the wife of T e) None of these Pointing to a boy in the photograph Reena said.c 2. “He is the only son of my mother. b 6. A3P means A is the mother of P. a 1. b 9.2 Ex. “She is the daughter of the only sister of my father. “He is the only son of the only child of my grandmother. M.15 P. you have to find out the direction or distance. Now in which direction is he from the starting place? a) West b) South c) North-East d) South-West e) None of these Solution: We can see it diagrammatically. then North will be above him while South will be below him.. which is covered from a certain initial point to a certain ending point. Hence. According to the figure. It is required to ascertain the final direction or the distance between two points. where h= hypotenuse. At 9. So. Then he turned right and walks 30 m.Directions Introduction In directions problems. the hour hand points to 6. According to the question. East will be in right side while West will be in left side.M.M. then he turns right and walks 35 m. In which direction and how many meters is he from the starting position? a) 15 m West b) 30 m East c) 30 m West d) 45 m East e) None of these Solution: . In which direction the minute hand will point at 9. Note – Anticlockwise direction is left side & clockwise direction is right side. the minute hand points to 3 which according to the diagram is in West direction. we use Pythagoras theorem h2=b2+p2.15 P. Finally he turns left and walks 15 m. 3) Rasik walked 20 m towards North. p= perpendicular. So. b=base. hour hand points to North. [d]. Note – To find the lowest distance between two points.? a) South-East b) South c) North d) West e) None of these Solution: At 6 P. 2) Rahul put his timepiece on the table in such a way that at 6 P. 6 is in North direction.. it points to North direction. Solved Examples 1) A man walks 5 km towards South and then turns to the right. Then he turns left and walks 15 m. After walking 3 km he turns to the left and walks 5 km.M. we need to consider the man standing in the Center. Hence. [d]. from the diagram we can say that the man is in the South-West direction. From the diagram. Hence. He turns135’ in the anticlockwise direction and then180’ in the clockwise direction. From the diagram. A-B means A is to the West of B. Diagrammatically. [d]. He again took a left turn and walked 40 m. How far and in which direction is he from the starting point? a) 20 m East b) 20 m North c) 100 m South d) Data is inadequate e) None of these . Which directions is he facing now? a) North-East b) North-West c) South-East d) South-West e) None of these Solution: Diagrammatically. S is in which direction with respect to Q? a) South-West b) South-East c) North-East d) North-West e) None of these Solution: P%Q means that P is to the East of Q. we can conclude that Rasik is 45 m East from the starting point. A+B means A is to the North of B. [a]. 7) Manick walked 40 m towards North. Hence. took a left turn and walked 20 m. it can be explained as: Now the man is facing South-West direction. 4) K is 40 m South-West of L. we can say that they are positioned like below: Hence. [b]. [d]. then M is in which direction of K? a) East b) West c) North-East d) South e) None of these Solution: We can see diagrammatically. Q+R means that Q is to the North of R. A%B means A is to the East of B. Hence. then in P%Q+R-S. 5) If A*B means A is to the South of B. 6) A man is facing South. we can say that M is in East direction of K. R-S means that R is to the West of S. Which direction am I facing now? a) East b) North-East c) North d) South-West e) None of these A river flows West to East and on the way turns left and goes in a semi-circle round a hillock and then turns left at right angles. Then I turn West and go right across to the opposite point on the boundary. he walks 6 km towards South. . then turns to his left and walks for 2 km. 9. In which direction is the river finally flowing? a) West b) East c) North d) South e) None of these You go North. Hence. From there. Then. [a]. 5. Then. 8. I go down South to the edge of the field and then turning left I walk along the boundary of the field equal to three-eight of its length. 6. Radhika turns left and goes another 20 m. In which direction is he facing now? a) West b) North-West c) South d) South-West e) None of these I am facing East. she goes 30 m and then starts walking to her house. again 180’ clockwise and then turns through 270’ anticlockwise. again he turns to the left and walks a distance of 25 m. 4. 8) Going 50 m to the South of her house. At this point he turns to his left and walks for 3 km. In which direction am I from the starting point? a) North-West b) North c) South-West d) West e) None of these Deepak starts walking straight towards East. 3.Solution: Diagrammatically Manick is 20 m West from the starting point. he walks 3 km towards East. He again turns left and walks for 3 km. Which direction is he facing now? a) East b) West c) North d) South e) None of these A man is facing towards West and turns through 45’ clockwise. walks a distance of 40 m straight. turning to the North. [e]. he turns to the left and walks 25 m straight. In which direction is she walking now? a) North-West b) North c) South-East d) East e) None of these Solution: Diagrammatically. turn right. Hence. A man is facing North-West. 7. How many km is he from the starting point? 2. After walking 75 m. then right again and then go to the left. How far is he from the starting point? a) 25 m b) 50 m c) 115 m d) Cannot be determined e) None of these Kunal walks 10 km towards North. Again he turns to the left. He turns 90’ in the clockwise direction and then 135’ in the anticlockwise direction. How far and in which direction is he with reference to his starting point? a) 5 km West b) 5 km North-East c) 7 km East d) 7 km West e) None of these Rohan walks a distance of 3 km towards North. Exercise – 1 1. In which direction are you now? a) North b) South c) East d) West e) None of these I am standing at the centre of a circular field. I turn 100’ in the clockwise direction and then 145’ in the anticlockwise direction. He now turns to the left and walks 5 m. He then turns towards East and walks 15 m. turns 900 right and goes 3 ft to P. After walking a distance of 30 m. She first walks 30 m in North-West direction and then 30 m in South-West direction. runs 10’ and turns to right. 6. Next. From here. Finally he turns to his left. turned to his left again and walked 40 m. 8. Now. runs 9’ and again turns to left. took a right turn and walked 40 m.East b) East c) South-East d) South e) None of these Maya starts at point T. A girl leaves from her home. 7. Exercise -3 1.a) 1 km b) 2 km c) 3 km d) 5 km e) None the these Exercise – 2 1. After moving a distance of 20 m. Again turning to her left she walks 14 m. How far away and in what direction is he now? a) 3 km in the North b) 3 km in the East c) 4 km in the East d) 4 km in the West e) None of these A person starts from a point A and travels 3 km eastwards to B and then turns left and travels thrice that distance to reach C. From there he came to meet his father-in-law living in a village situated 4 km in the south of his uncle’s village. 3 ft away. she turns towards her house. runs 12’ and finally turns to left and runs 6’. The shortest distance between the starting point and destination is a) 12 km b) 15 km c) 16 km d) 18 km e) None of these 2. Namita walks 14 m towards West. turns 900 right and walks 1 ft to Q. which is 1 ft away and once again turns 900 right and goes to R. 3. He again turns left and travels five times the distance he covered between A and B and reaches his destination D. How far is the starting point from where she stood? a) 3 m b) 4 m c) 10 m d) 11 m e) None of these Gopal starts from his house towards West. What is the starting distance (in m) between his initial and final positions? a) 0 b) 5 c) 10 d) Cannot be determined e) None of these Radha moves towards South-East a distance of 7 km. she moves towards North-West a distance of 7 m and finally she moves a distance of 4 m towards East and stood at that point. In which direction is he walking now? a) North b) South c) East d) South-West e) None of these A rat turns 20’ towards East and turns to right. Finally. 9. runs 5’ and then turns to left. 5. then she moves towards West and travels a distance of 14 m. What is the shortest distance (in m) between her starting point and the present position? a) 10 b) 24 c) 28 d) 38 e) None of these A man leaves for his office from his house. Then he took a left turn and walked 30 m. He then turned left and moving a distance of 10 m. turns left at 900 and goes to V. she walks 30 m in South-East direction. He walks towards East. he turns South and walks 10 m. 4. Then he walks 35 m towards the West and further 5 m towards the North. then turns to her right and walks 14 m and then turns to her left and walks 10 m. In which direction is he now from the starting point? a) North. What is the distance between T and r? a) 4 ft b) 5 ft c) 7 ft d) 8 ft e) None of these A boy went to meet his uncle in another situated 5 km away in the North-East direction of his own village. She turns left at 900 and walks to West which is 4 ft away. he turned towards right and walked 20 m. In which direction is she moving? a) North-east b) North-west c) South-East d) South-West e) None of these . walks straight to point U which is 4 ft away. which direction is the rat facing? a) East b) West c) North d) South e) None of these Amit walked 30 m towards East. Rohit walked 25 meters towards South.Finally.A man walks 1km towards East and then he turns to South and walks 5 km.then again turned right and walked 70 meters.After a while.A man walks 30 meters towards South. Finally.how far is he from his starting point? a)3 km b)4 km c)5 km d)7 km e)None of these 10. How far was he from his house? a)5kms b)10kms c)40kms d)80kms e)None of these .he turned right and walked 50 meters. Finally.Now.Raj travelled from a point X straight to Y at a distance of 80 meters.he turns to his left again. Then I turn right again and walks 60 meters.He then turned to his left and walked 25 meters.He turned right and walked 50 Meters . then again turn right and walks 40 meters.How far is he from his initial position? a) 20 meters b)30 meters c)60 meters d)Cannot be determined e)None of these 6. I turn right and walks 20 m. He again turned left and walked 40 meters and reached a point Q.Then he turned to his left and walked 20 meters. then right and walks 40 me. Then I turn right again and walks 10 m. How far and in which directions is he from the starting point? a) 10 meters North d) 10 meters South b) 20 meters South e) None of these c) 20 meters North 3. How many meters is he from his original position? a)0 b)10 c)20 d)40 e)None of these 4. Then. Kashish goes 30 m North.How far and in which direction is the point Q from the point P? a)20 meters West b)10 meters East c)10 meters West d)Cannot be determined e)None of these b)35 meters North c)40 meters East d)Cannot be determined 8.he turns to his right and a little futher to his left.he walks 20 meters.Laxman went 15 kms to the west from my house .He then turned East and walked 25 kms and finally turning left covered 20 kms.he walks 30 meters. he turns to the right and moves a distance of 10 m. then again turns right and walks 20 m.2.At what distance is he from the starting point and in which direction? a) 35 meters East e)None of these 7)Starting from a point P.Then turning to his left. Then I turn left and walk 10 m.after this he turns to North and walks 9km.then turned left and walked 20kms.Ramakant walks northwards. Then I turn left and walk 10 meters and then turning right walk 20 m.How far is he from the starting point? a)10 meters b)20 meters c)50 meters d)Can not determined e)None of these Exercise-4 1. Sanjeev walks 10 m towards the south.Again he turns to East and walks 2km. He turned left and walked 30 meters. In which direction am I from the starting point? a)North b)North-west e)East d)North-east e)None of these 5. I am facing South. he walks 20 m and then moves to his right.He then turned left and walked 20 meters.he turns to his left and walks 30 meters. he turns to the right and walks 20 m. After moving a distance of 20 m.Again.after walking a distance of one kilometer.In which direction is he moving now? a)North b)South C)East d)West e)None of these 9.Sachin walked 20 meters towards South.turning to his right. Turning to the left.He again turned to his right and walked 15 meters. From his house.a 4.Radhika turns left and goes another 20 meters.b 5.b 7.c 8.In which direction is she walking now? a)North-west b)North c)South-east d)East e)None of these 4.A child is looking for his father.b 4.b 2.a 10.Then.d 5.Rasik walks 20 meters North.a .Then he again turns left and walks 15 meters.he walks straight 50 meters.d 6. then turns to the right and walks 50 meters again. b 3.a 6.d 9.a Ex.c 7.a 2.Gopal was standing facing a pole.In which direction and how many meters away is he from his original position? a)15 meters West b)30 meters East c)30 meters West d)45 meters East e)None of these 6.Aditya is in which direction from the starting point? a)South-east b)North-east c)South-west d)North-west e)None of these 8.c 7.a 9.he turned South and covered 5kms.b 4.d 6.1 1.c 3.b Ex.Then he turned West and coverd 10 kms.d 8.which of the following statements can be dispensed with? a)None b)(i)only c)(ii)only d)(iii)only e)None of these 9.he covered 10kms .a 7.turning to East.15 and 15 meters respectively.d 9.A walks 10 meters in front and 10 meters to the right.2.d 4.c 5.Lokesh went 15kms to the North.Now.From here he went 100 meters to the North before meeting his father in a street.Which direction was he facing? a)South b)East c)West d)Data inadequate e)None of these Answer key Ex.he walks 5. The door of Aditya”s house faces the East.b 10.c 8.His father was not there.b 6.He went 20 meters before turning to his rght again to look for his father at his uncle”s place 30 meters from this poin.How far did the son meet his father from the starting point? a)80 meters b)100 meters c)140 meters d)260 meters e)None of these 7.b 10.Then every time turning to his left.From the back side of his house.3 1.In which direction will his left hand be? a)North b)South c)East d)West e)None of these 10)One morning after sunrise.He went 90 meters in the East before turning to his right.b 8.4 1.A man is performing yoga with his head down and legs up.c 10.Then he turns left and walks 15 meters.a Ex.turning to the North.d 9.Finally.b 3. In which directions is she walking now? a)East b)West c)North d)South e)None of these 3.His face is towards the west.he turns towards left and stops After walking 25 meters . How far is he now from his starting point? a)5meters b)10 meters c)15 meters d)20 meters e)None of these 5.The shadow of the pole fell exactly to his right.she goes 30 meters and then starts walking to her house.Going 50 meters to the South of her house.To arrive at the answer to the above questions.2 1.Finally.Then.Then he turns right and walks 35 meters .a 5.b 3.Then he turns right and walks 30 meters.d 2.a 2. Here every letter jumps two letters ahead to get its coded value. These artificial but logical code values are given according to some set principle. By applying the same principle. Find the logic & apply to the problem. etc… Number coding: A number stands for a letter.3 Introduction CODES It is one of the simplest forms of logical reasoning. BIGBOSS is coded as DKIDQUU. E. one can decode the identity.g. In these questions. Sometimes the code is formed by the sum of the digits of the letter positions. Type of Coding series Parallel A 1 N 14 Reverse A 1 26 B 2 O 15 C 3 P 16 D 4 Q 17 E 5 R 18 F 6 S 19 G 7 T 20 H 8 U 21 I 9 V 22 J 10 W 23 K 11 X 24 L 12 Y 25 M 13 26 B 2 Y 25 C 3 X 24 D 4 W 23 E 5 V 22 F 6 U 21 G 7 T 20 H 8 S 19 I 9 R 18 J 10 Q 17 K 11 P 16 L 12 O 15 M 13 N 14 Solved Examples 1) If in a certain code 65312 is written as NOSRP and 7894 as VTMA then how will 3476 be written in the same code? a) SAVN b) SANV c) SNAV d) SNVA e) None of these Solution: In the coding. BEYOND 252515144. it is clear that the letters position numbers are replaced with the letters.g. letters or numbers are given in codes which have to be interpreted or decoded. It is easier & faster to crack the logic. Note – Write the position numbers of the letters & then compare them with the code. Types of coding The questions are divided into two types Letter coding: A letter stands for another letter. B+2=D. E. I+2=K. Little tricky questions are framed in number coding. the numbers equivalent to the alphabets can be determined from the question: 6-N 5-O 3-S 1-R 3-P 7-V 8-T 9-M . a set of words. 4) In a certain code ‘3a. Hence. [a]. What is the code for ‘are’? a) 2 b) 4 c) 5 d) 6 e) 9 Solution: From the sentences I and II we can conclude that number 5 is coded for “old”. we get answer c. the word “SMART” can be coded in the same manner. 3a’ means ‘enmity is not eternal’ and ‘8a. 9a. finding from the numbers corresponding to the alphabet we get: 3. [d]. ‘truth is eternal’.A So. A. A is the first letter so 1+5=6. 8b. T. V. [c]. 2) If MASTER = 18-6-24-25-10-23 then SMART=? a) 23-18-6-24-25 b) 24-18-5-23-25 c) 24-18-6-23-25 d) 24-18-6-23-25 e) 23-18-15-3-25 Solution: The letters are coded as numbers as per their positions +5. Hence. 2b. 25. 5) In a certain code ‘253’ means ‘books are old’. I (1) is moved to position 7 N (2) is moved to position 6 A (3) is moved to position 5 C (4) is moved to position 4 T (5) is moved to position 3 I (6) is moved to position 2 V (7) is moved to position 1 E (8) is moved to position 8 Similarly. So. E. E & R are equivalent to the numbers 18. Hence. What is the code for enmity’? a) 3a b) 7b c) 8b d) 9a e) None of these Solution: From I and II sentences we can conclude that 3a. 3) If the code of INACTIVE is VITCANIE what is the code of COMPUTER? a) UTEMPMOCR b) MOCPETUR c) ETUPMOCR d) PMOCRETU e) None of these Solution: In these coding format. S. [d]. ‘546’ means ‘man is old’ and ‘378’ means ‘buy good books’. 4d. Directions (6 & 7): Following digits are coded as follows: Digits Letters 0 K 1 L 2 H 3 D 4 M 5 N 6 P 7 S 8 V 9 R . Hence. 7c mean “is” & “eternal” or vice-versa. 7. So. 6. arranging the word “COMPUTER” in the above combination. Hence. A. 2b. only 9a can be coded as “enmity”. the code of M. 10 & 23 respectively.4. 6 are equivalent to S.g. From II and III sentences we can conclude 8b means “not”. From the sentences I and III we can conclude that number 3 is coded for “books”. 24. N. M is the 13th letter so 13+5=18. 4. 8b’ means ‘truth does not punish’. Hence. [a]. ‘7c. 7c’ means. Hence. If 6 or 9 is neither at the first place or last place but somewhere in between then it is to be coded as B. And according to the coding. so it has to be coded as X. according to the question is called as drain. Hence. [a]. the coded sequence has to be YHBXBMN. the coded sequence has to be ZHBMBDZ. so it has to be coded as Y. v. iii. neither at first nor at last. ii. If the first digit of the number is odd but not a prime number. 6) 5265945 a) YHPXRMY b) YHPNRMY c) YHPMRMY d) VHPMRMY e) None of these Solution: The first digit of the number is a prime number. [e]. 9) If house called hut. ashes is called mica and mica is called gold. so has to be coded as B. Hence. If the first digit of the number is a prime number then it is to be coded as Y. 6 and 9 occur in between. drain is called tray and tray is called cup. where is football played? a) Field b) Hut c) Drain d) Tray e) Cup Solution: Football is played in field. 1 to 5: In a certain language the letters are coded as follows: S 0 B 9 C 3 P 7 N 1 E 6 O 4 H 8 R 5 M 2 Find the code of each word in the following questions: 1. neither at first nor at last. 8) If vermillion is called color. If the first digit of the number is even and the last digit be zero then each of the both is to be coded as Z. 6 and 9 occur in between. so it has to be coded as Z. so has to be coded as B. Coaltar is called ash. iv. field is called drain. Then 5 is the middle digit. what is used in making a road? a) Ash b) Coaltar c) Color d) Mica e) None of these Solution: Coaltar is used in making a road. coaltar is called ash. NOSER a) 67859 b) 14065 c) 14056 d) 14506 e) 14605 . So. which. then it is to be coded as X. Exercise – 1 Directions Q. [d]. hut is called field. [e]. Hence. 7) 8264930 a) VHPMRDK b) ZHPMRDZ c) ZHPMRDK d) VHPMRDZ e) None of these Solution: The first digit is even and the last digit is 0. If 5 or 2 occurs in the just middle of the number. color is called coaltar. then it is to be coded as A.While coding the number given in each questions following conditions are also to be observed. i. Hence. iii. b) 84506 c) 85406 d) 84507 e) 89504 4. Applying these conditions. b) 34596 c) 34956 d) 34951 e) 31594 Directions Q. c) BZHJDC d) BZHJDX e) None of these 8. How will the number 1375490 be coded? a) DHNLQGT b) #HNLQG c) DHNQG d) HNLQG# e) None of these 2. Zero is not to be considered as even or odd. If zero is preceded and followed by an even digit then zero is to be coded as v. If zero is preceded and followed by an odd digit then zero is to be coded as *. PROSE a) 75497 HORSE a) 84504 PORSB a) 74503 COBRN a) 34956 b) 75403 c) 75406 d) 75046 e) 70456 3.2. What is the code of 398756? a) XGEDHC b) XGEDHY c) JGEDHY d) XGEHDY e) None of these Exercise – 2 Directions Q. 1. ii. find the answer of each question. If the either 4 or 9 is in between the number then it is to be coded as Z. The code of which of the following number is SQRl H@? . 6. If first digit is odd and the last digit is even they are to be coded as # and iii. iv. What is the code of 56728? a) XCBED b) YCDEB What is the code of 245376? a) BZHDJY b) BZHJDY What is the code of 987654? a) XEDCHY b) XEDCHI What is the code of 274601? a) BDZCFA b) BDZFCA c) YCDBE d) XCDBE e) None of these 7. If the first number is an odd then it is to be coded as X. c) BDICFY d) BDICAF e) None of these 10. If first digit is even and the last digit is odd then they are to be coded as $ and @ respectively. c) IHGFEZ d) ZHGFEZ e) None of these 9. If the last number is an even then it is to be coded as Y. 1 to 5: The following numbers are coded as follows: Digits Code 7 N 3 H 5 L 0 T 2 F 1 D 6 R 4 Q 9 G 8 P Following conditions are also to be observed: i. b) 74505 c) 74506 d) 34951 e) 74590 5. 6 to 10: Study the following information carefully: 1 2 3 A B J 4 I 5 H 6 C 7 D 8 E 9 G 0 F Following conditions are to be observed: i. ii. c) #RFLTTG d) $RFL G@ e) None of these Directions Q. 6. then which will be the number? a) 58394620 b) 14285452 c) 58314520 d) 58314621 What is the value of $* #*? a) 14625 b) 14285 e) None of these 3. Letters of the English alphabet are coded by the digits from 1 to 8. PKDEJHI a) 712653$ AFDQENI a) 9728649 OPTIONAL a) $7166463 EGTARLQE a) 95165389 b) 7129539 c) 7126539 d) 712$53$ e) None of these 7. What is the value of 67890 + 54321 in code? a) $ $$ b) $$$ c) $$$ d) $$$ e) None of these 2. E N I A N G E a) $4$$45$ b) 9466459 c) $46645$ d) 6499456 e) None of these Exercise – 3 Directions Q. b) 7129539 c) 7126539 d) 6728949 e) None of these 8. c) #RF QP d) RF QP# e) None of these 5. ii. Vowels are coded by either by other digits or by $. Applying these conditions find the correct code in each question. b) $7199493 c) 67199493 d) 97166463 e) None of these 9. If the same vowel is at the first and last place of the word then it is coded as ‘$’.a) 3. c) 13625 d) 18425 e) None of these . If the symbols * #+! are written in digits. 6 to 10: The following letters are coded as follows: Letters G R J 5 B V N 4 K C T 1 H S L 3 Z D W 2 M Q Y 8 F X P 7 Digits i. b) 65195386 c) $519538$ d) $51$538$ e) None of these 10. 1 to 5: The digits from 0 to 9 are coded as follows: 0 1 2 $ 3 4 # 5 * 6 ? 7 ! 8 9 1. 8456037 b) 8465032 c) 6475031 d) 6460539 e) None of these The code of which of the following number is QLP RNT? a) 4570680 b) 4780650 c) 6580470 How will the number 7620486 be coded? a) RF Q P# b) #RF QP How will the number 36250098 be coded? a) #RFL G b) $RFLTTG d) Data insufficient e) None of these 4. If any vowel is either on the first place or on the last place or on both places of the word then it is coded as ‘9’. iii. iv. If any vowel is neither at the first place nor the last place of the word then it is coded as ‘6’. how will JUHI be coded? a) 10-21-8-9 b) 01-12-8-9 c) 10-12-8-9 2. d) 13-7-20-10-11-25 e) None of these 7. then how will 86132 be written in the same code? a) GXVTY b) XVQTW c) XVQTG d) Cannot be determined e) None of these If MACHINE is coded as 19-7-9-14-15-20-11. 5. d) 9-8-16-7-15-11 e) None of these 8. 3. then how will the number given in each question. If in a certain code 69214 is written as HSZYR and 5387 as XNDU then how will 15486 be written in the same code? a) ZYUDR b) ZYDUR c) YXRDH d) YXRHD e) None of these Exercise – 4 Directions Q. What is the value of 5432 + 1456 in code? a) b) How will 24568 be coded? a) b) c) d) Cannot be determined e) None of these 5. how will NOTION be coded? a) 14-16-20-10-16-15 b) 15-16-21-10-15-15 c) 15-16-21-10-16-15 If MANGO is coded as 31-1-41-7-51. how will BOMBAY be coded? a) 2-15-13-2-1-25 b) 2-15-14-3-1-25 c) 2-15-13-3-1-25 If DARPAN is coded as 5-2-19-17-2-15. then how will 2057 be written in the same code? a) DWHR b) ODRM c) ODMR d) ODWH e) None of these If in a certain code 65312 is written as NOSRP and 7894 as VTMA. how will DANGER be coded? a) 10-7-20-13-11-24 b) 11-7-20-16-11-24 c) 13-7-20-9-11-25 If BRANCH is coded as 2-18-1-14-3-8. If in a certain code 1 5 7 8 9 is written as XTZAL and 2346 as NPSU then how will 23549 be written in the same code? a) NPTUL b) PNTSL c) NPTSL d) NBTSL e) None of these If in a certain code 24761 is written as RLMTP and 8539 as KAHX then how will 84731 be written in the same code? a) KLMHP b) PHMLK c) LKHMP d) KLMPH e) None of these If in a certain code 67894 is written as HDFCK and 1235 as RSNL then for which will be written as FCNHR? a) 35487 b) 89361 c) 89631 d) 98613 e) None of these If in a certain code 1362 is written as MRTP and 45789 as NACKJK then for which will be written as PRAJT? a) 23584 b) 2358 c) 23586 d) 23589 e) None of these 7. c) d) Cannot be determined e) None of these 6. then how will 97054 be written in the same code? a) DMTLD b) DMTLI c) DMTLR d) DMRLJ e) None of these If in a certain code 21987 is written as GQWXY and 5643 as ZVUT. 8.4. 10. 1 to 5: If in a certain code 793041 is written as MARTIN and 8265 as POSE. If PATNA is coded as 18-3-22-16-3. 9. 4. how will DELHI be coded? a) 5-7-14-10-11 b) 6-7-13-10-11 c) 6-7-14-10-11 d) 1-3-4-6-14-25 e) None of these . then how will 9517 be written in the same code? a) MRUP b) MURP c) MRPU d) MRPT e) None of these If in a certain code 32041 is written as KODWH and 6578 as BRMT. 6. If in a certain code 56431 is written as RSHTU and 98270 as MLKPA. then how will 3476 be written in the same code? a) SAVN b) SANV c) SNAV d) SNVA e) None of these If in a certain code 19435 is written as HDIJL and 7306 as MRTP. d) 01-21-8-9 e) None of these 10. d) 15-16-20-10-16-15 e) None of these 9. be coded in the same code? 1. b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) None of these 10. then LOFERS=? a) 5 b) 22 c) -3 If M=10 and MAN=25. b) 4 c) 2 d) 1 e) None of these 8. e) None of these 3. c) 52 d) 72 e) None of these 4. If the code of PARK is KKRAP and the code of PURE is KERUP then what is the code of BAT? a) TTIAB b) KTIAB c) KBAIT d) KKIAB If the code of VARIETY is UCQUKDVX then what is the code of CARRIER? a) BBQTHGQ b) BCPTHGQ c) BCQTHGZ d) BCQSHGQ e) None of these 2. In a certain code BENCHMARK is written as CNEBHKRAM then how will DESPERATE be written in the same code? a) PSEDETRAE b) PSEDEETAR c) PSEDEETRA d) EDPSEARET e) None of these If the code of INACTIVE is VITCANIE then what is the code of COMPUTER? 4. b) 3 c) 1 d) 2 e) None of these 9. . If MAP=25 and LAMP=16. then LAMP=? a) 35 b) 48 If MAN=84 and BAT=69. 6 to 10: The codes of the capital letters are given as follows: LM NRSH TFGKXYZ V UO PQJWA BC DE I abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Find the code of each word given in questions from 36 to 40 on the basis of the above code: (1) (2) (3) (4) sbudhs bpdgue wfpgy mrwxs bpdguh sbudls ipquaz fhijkl ipquax wfpgz ebudge sbugds qucjus bpdguc pbdgus wfpgz 6. then MOPE=? a) 62 b) 49 c) 37 d) 31 e) None of these 2. SMARTS a) 2 MORTAN a) 3 GOPALI a) 4 CHOTI a) 1 b) 1 c) 4 d) 3 e) None of these 7. then POT=? a) 51 b) 48 d) 17 e) None of these 5.Exercise – 5 1. c) 44 d) 47 e) None of these Directions Q. c) 96 d) 86 e) None of these 3. If BANANA=27 and MOTORE= . then RAM=? a) 32 b) 64 If NEM=32 and POT=51. PANKAJ a) 1 b) 4 c) 2 d) 3 e) None of these Exercise – 6 1. then how will EDUCATION be written in the same code? a) FCVBZSJNO b) FETDBSJPO c) FCVBBSJPM d) FCTBBUJNO e) None of these If in a certain code DISARMAMENT is written as RASIDMTNEMA then how will PSYCHOMETRY be written in the same code? a) HCSYPOYRTEM b) HCYSPOYRTEM c) YSPOHCYRTEM d) HCYSPYRTEMO e) None of these If the code of DISPLAY is BLQJDW then what is the code of PROJECT? a) NUMMCER b) NUNMCFR c) NTNMCFR d) NTMMCFR 6. field is called drain. If house called hut. ‘lem se par’ menas ‘they are well’. apple is orange.a) 5. ‘Jest hest mag lem’ means ‘cows are generally innocent’ and ‘phi gir’ means ‘you go’. . where is football played? a) Field b) Hut c) Drain d) Tray e) None of these If green is called black. then what is the code for ‘white’? a) 2 b) 4 c) 5 d) Cannot be determined e) None of these If in a certain code ‘256’ means ‘you are good’. ‘boy is not clever’ as ‘@*#+’. 10. ‘485’ means ‘green is good’ and ‘639’ means ‘they are playing’. ‘589’ means ‘green color flower’ and ‘245’ means ‘white color chalk’. 7. ‘wu che rot’ means ‘we are read’ and ‘da ne pa’ means ‘they want water’ then would be the code for ‘water’? a) Da b) ne c) pa d) Data inadequate e) None of these In a certain code language ‘phi lem ta’ means ‘you are good’. then what is the code for ‘leaves’? a) 4 b) 6 c) 7 d) 3 e) None of these If in a certain code ‘256’ means ‘red color chalk’. If in a certain code language. yellow is called blue and blue is brown. What will be ‘you are innocent’ in the same code? a) Lem par mag ta b) phi par mag ta c) par mag ta jest d) Cannot be determined e) None of these In a certain code ‘go for morning walk’ is written as ‘$*#’. ‘su dip lad’ means ‘leaves and flowers’. 6. hut is called field. pine-apple is guava and guava is grapes. UTEMPMOCR b) MOCPETUR c) ETUPMOCR d) PMOCRETU e) None of these If in a certain code each vowel such as a. e) None of these 8. 8. What is the code for ‘delicate’? a) Su b) dip c) lad d) Cannot be determined e) None of these In a certain code ‘she is clever’ is written as ‘$#W’. black is white. 7. o. then for which the color is yellow? a) Apple b) Banana c) Guava d) Pine-apple e) Grapes Exercise – 7 1. drain is called tray and tray is called cup. orange is pine-apple. ‘354’ means ‘dust one carpet’ and ‘234’ means ‘one red carpet’. What is the code for ‘dust’? a) 2 b) 3 c) 5 d) 6 e) Cannot be determined If in a certain code ‘467’ means ‘leaves are green’. 3. u is replaced by its next letter of the English alphabet and each consonant is replaced by its previous letter of the English alphabet. ‘good for health’ is written ‘_?@’ and ‘good to walk fast’ is written as ‘+@_#’. ‘637’ means ‘we are bad’ and ‘358’ means ‘good and bad’. If banana is apple. 5. 4. what is color of ice? a) White b) Rosy c) Yellow d) Black e) Green 9. How will ‘good clever boy’ be written in the same code? a) @#+ b) #*+ c) *#+ d) Cannot be determined e) None of these In a certain code ‘247’ means ‘spread red carpet’. 9. rosy is called yellow. i. ‘par lem mag’ means ‘they are innocent’. then what is the code for ‘and’? a) 2 b) 5 c) 8 d) 3 e) None of these 2. white is called rosy. e. What is the code for ‘health’? a) _ b) ? c) # d) + e) None of these If in a certain code ‘mat su ta’ means ‘flowers are beautiful’. ‘wok che ne’ means ‘they are see’. c 10.2 Ex. d 10. d 9. a 4. a 3. e 2. a 4.7 1. c 7.5 Ex. a 8. b 5. e 7.3 Ex. b 4. b 8. d 5. c 10. a 9. a 7.6 Ex. c 4. b 7.4 Ex. e 1. d 6. c 9. b 1. e 4. c 7. c 1. b 9. e 5. d 6. c 6. c 9. a 3. c 7. a 1. D . c 8. c 5. b 2. c 5. a 8. d 7. b 10. b 9.1 Ex. e 4. a 6. c 8. e 2. ‘ill dic so’ means ‘everybody else’ and ‘tur muk so’ means ‘body and soul’ then would be the code for ‘every concern’? a) Dic pic b) ill nee c) pic nee d) Cannot be determined e) None of these Answer Key Ex. e 10. c 6. b 4. b 9. ‘nee muk pic’ means ‘grave and concern’. c 2. If in a certain code language. a 10.10. c 6. e 8. c 5. a 1. c 2. b 6. c 3. e 3. c 3. c 2. c 3. b 10. b 5. e 3. a 8. d 1. d 2. 13 C. degree of intensity. 65 The relationship is x2: (x+1)2+1. ‘Bull’ is related to ‘Cow’ in the same way as ‘Horse’ is related to A. 25: 37:: 49: ? Options: A. 33 D. 65 14: 9:: 26: ? Options: A. There are many ways of establishing a relationship. 6 21: 3:: 574: ? Options: A. 12 Answer: C. class and species. But word-relationship can be established in following ways: cause and effect. Mare C. 97 D. Animal B. 2367 B. 82 C. The double colon (::) that separate the given pair stands for “in the same way”. 7 The relationship is x2: (x+1). etc. The given pair of words or letters is set off by a colon or ratio sign (:) signifying that word X is related to word Y. worker and tool. synonym. 56 C. 2451 C. 31 Answer: A. 113 The relationship is 7x: x. producer and product. antonym. From the alternatives provided. 34 The relationship is (2x+2): x. Choosing a number similar to a group of numbers on the basis of certain common properties that they possess. 15 D. 121: 12:: 25:? Options: A. B. 23 Answer: B. 2531 D. This type of questions covers all types of relationships that one can think of. 7528: 5362:: 4673: ? Options: A. you have to select the choice that best matches the relationship existing between the first two words or letters. B. Questions on analogy test the ability of a candidate to understand the relationship between two given objects and apply the same relationship to find that asked in the question. type and characteristic. 41 Answer: D. Stable D. None of these Answer: B. part to whole. 1 Answer: C.ANALOGY Introduction Analogy means Correspondence. Choosing a similarly related pair as the given number pair on the basis of the relation between the numbers in each pair. So as far relationship among letters are concerned. ‘Horse’ is related to ‘Mare’. 6 D. 60 D. 82 42: 20:: 64: ? Options: A. 2451 The relationship is x: (x-2222). 31 The relationship is (2x-4): x. 2 C. II. . 15 B. similarity or bearing a resemblance. Meat Solutions: This is based on male-female relationship. 32 C. Number analogy section deals with two types of questions: I. GENDER RELATIONSHIP Ex. some of the most common ones are given here. B. facts stated in coding-decoding chapter are applied by and large. 31 B. So. Types of Analogies I. [c]. ‘Melt’ is related to ‘Liquid’ in the same way as ‘Freeze’ is related to A. Exhibition D. In short. Crystal C. a ‘Painter’ uses a ‘Brush’ as a tool to perform his work. Ornithologist: Bird:: Archaeologist: ? a) Islands b) Mediators c) Archaeology d) Aquatic e) None of these Solutions: A person. So. Brush C. And a person. Cubes Solutions: The term ‘Melt’ is associated with ‘Liquid’ because after melting the ice. Ice B. societies. Painting B. Similarly. IV. Build Solutions: ‘Love’ is just opposite to ‘Hate’. is an archaeologist. [c]. 2. III. 3. etc. Shade: Tree:: Warmth: ? a) Self-respect b) Mother c) Wealth d) Ease e) None of these Solutions: . Solved Examples 1.II. Similarly. the word ‘GUARD’ is similar in meaning like the word ‘PROTECT’. the job of a judge is giving judgement. the work of a physician is providing treatment. Art Solutions: ‘Stethoscope’ is used by a ‘Doctor’ as a tool to perform his work. ‘Hate’ is related to ‘Love’ in the same way as ‘Destroy’ is related to A. who studies bird. So the word opposite in meaning to ‘Create’ is ‘Destroy’. who studies ancient people. Renovate C. 4. [b]. Water D. is ornithologist. WORD and ANTONYM Ex. an archaeologist studies archaeology. They give the same meaning. we obtain liquid. Safe: Secure:: Protect: ? a) Lock b) Sure c) Guard d) Conserve e) None of these Solutions: The words of the first pairs are synonyms. Hence. Hence. WORKER and TOOLS Ex. Make B. Destroy D. Similarly the state of ‘Water’ after freezing is ‘Ice’. Hence. ‘Doctor’ is related to ‘Stethoscope’ in the same way as ‘Painter’ is related to A. Physician: Treatment:: Judge: ? a) Punishment b) Judgement c) Lawyer d) Court e) None of these Solutions: A physician treats patients or the other way. ASSOCIATION RELATIONSHIP Ex. []. Similarly. 8. []. Cardiograph is the device to measure heart rate.A tree is not taken as an object. ?: QEHMDF:: WIDELY: HVCDXK. The decrease in color is called faded. 169 is the square of 13 (which is two more than 11). a) FRINGE b) STRING c) FRANCE d) DEMAND e) None of these Solutions: Hence. Hence. . love. [a]. Hence. ‘SELF RESPECT’ provides warmth i. [d]. Thermometer: Temperature a) Millimeter: Scale b) Length: Breadth c) Solar Energy: Sun d) Cardiograph e) None of these Solutions: Thermometer is a device to measure the temperature. [b]. gives the number on the left. Hence. 7.e. 6. Hence. in alphabetical order. Exercise . 1 to 10 In each of the following questions find out the alternative which will replace the question mark.e. BEGK: ADFJ:: PSVY: ? a) ROUX b) ORUX c) LQUT d) LOQT e) None of these Solutions: The alphabets on the right of first pair is placed one place before the respective alphabets on the left side.1 Directions Q. 5. [b]. the characteristic feature of any person i. So. Hence. Similarly. SOUND: MUFFLED a) MOISTURE: HUMID b) COLOR:FADED c) DESPAIR: ANGER d) ODOUR: PUNGENT e) None of these Solutions: The reduction in sound is called muffled. Or it can be explained that adding 2 to the number on right hand side and squaring it. Hence. 335: 216:: 987: ? a) 868 b) 867 c) 872 d) 888 e) None of these Solutions: The difference between the numbers on the left and on the right of both pair of numbers is 119.e. 144: 10:: 169: ? a) 14 b) 11 c) 13 d) 12 e) None of these Solutions: The number on left hand side is square of 12 (which is 2 more than 10). but taken as a characteristic of providing shade i. [a]. So. 10. 9. love. c) Legislator d) Minister e) None of these 10. c) LABOR d) LAUNCH e) None of these 7. ACFJ: ZXUQ:: EGIN: ? a) VUSQ b) UTRP c) VRPM d) VTRM e) None of these 2. c) ocqixcjg d) ocqixcig e) None of these 5. Poles: Magnet:: ?: Battery a) Cells b) Power Peace: Chaos:: Creation: ? a) Build b) Construction Architect: Building:: Sculptor: ? a) Museum b) Stone Ice: Coldness:: Earth: ? a) Weight b) Jungle REASON: SFBTPO:: THINK: ? a) SGHMJ b) UIJOL Cloth: Hill:: Newspaper: ? a) Editor b) Reader Tree: Forest:: Grass: ? a) Lawn b) Garden Video: Cassette:: Computer:? a) Files b) Floppy Country: President:: State: ? a) Governor b) M. c) Paper d) Press e) None of these 7.P. c) Terminals d) Energy e) None of these 2. 1 to 10: In each of the following questions find out the alternative that will come in place of question mark. Race: Fatigue:: Fast: ? a) Food b) Laziness Exercise – 2 c) Hunger d) Race e) None of these Directions Q. c) Destruction d) Manufacture e) None of these 3. c) FRANCE d) DEMAND e) None of these . c) GSTH d) TGSH e) None of these 4. c) Bits d) Adit e) None of these 9. c) Chisel d) Statue e) None of these 4. 1. c) Park d) Field e) None of these 8. c) Gravitatism d) Sea e) None of these 5. c) UHNKI d) UJKPM e) None of these 6. BCPG: HILM:: NORQ: ? a) TXWU b) TXUW AZBY: CXDW:: EVFU: ? a) GTHS b) GHTS Computer: fqprxvht:: Language: ? a) oxpixdig b) ocqicyig Corden: zrogbq:: ?: Pxivro a) mulmul b) sulsul BLOCKED: YOLXPVW:: ?: OZFMXS a) DEBATE b) RESULT ?: QEHMDF:: WIDELY: HVCDXK a) FRINGE b) STRING c) TUXW d) TVWX e) None of these 3.1. c) munmun d) srspql e) None of these 6. b) 1816 c) 810 d) 1618 e) None of these 4. 1. ACEG: IKMO:: QSUW: ? a) YZCE b) YACD Exercise – 3 c) YACE d) YBCE e) None of these Directions Q.8. . pick up the pair that best illustrate a similar relationship. 25: 37:: 49: ? a) 41 24: 60:: 120: ? a) 160 MO: 1311:: HJ: ? a) 1917 KT: 1120:: JR: ? a) 1018 8: 24:: ?: 32 a) 5 16: 56:: 32: ? a) 96 MXN: 13*14:: EXR: ? a) 14*15 b) 65 c) 56 d) 60 e) None of these 2. from amongst the alternatives. ABCD: WXYZ:: EFGH: ? a) STUV b) ZYWX c) VUTS d) WXYZ e) None of these 10. b) 5*17 c) 6*18 d) 7*19 e) None of these 8. b) 220 c) 300 d) 108 e) None of these 3. 1 to 10: In each of the following questions consists of pair of words bearing a relationship among these. b) 49 c) 28 d) 68 e) None of these 10. BEGK: ADFJ:: PSVY: ? a) ROUX b) ORUX c) LQUT d) LOQT e) None of these 9. 123: 132:: 235: ? a) 232 Exercise – 4 b) 352 c) 253 d) 252 e) None of these Directions Q. b) 6 c) 10 d) 12 e) None of these 6. In this pyramid number if: 11 22 31: 12 21 32:: 91221: ? 1 234 98765 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 a) 2714 b) 81320 4: 19:: 7: ? a) 52 c) 61518 d) 102330 e) None of these 9. 1 to 10: In each of the following questions which alternative will replace the question mark. b) 1119 c) 108 d) 910 e) None of these 5. b) 112 c) 120 d) 128 e) None of these 7. 1 to 10: Follow the first analogy & get the answer for the asked word. b) Fraction: Percentage c) Pie: Slice d) Segment: Line e) None of these 9. b) Dust: Rage c) Mop: Sweep d) Throw: Ring e) None of these 10. LETTER: WORD a) Page: Book SUNRISE: SUNSET a) Dawn: Twilight b) Product: Factory c) Club: People d) Home work: School e) None of these 2. b) Baldness: Hair c) Talk: Whisper d) Sing: Dance e) None of these 6. 1. GLOVE: HAND a) NECK: COLLAR Exercise – 5 b) TIE: SHIRT c) SOCKS: FEET d) COAT: POCKET e) None of these Directions Q. ‘Forest’ is related to ‘Viviparium’ in the same way as ‘Sea’ is related to: a) Portside b) Water c) Fishery d) Aquarium ‘Metal’ is related to ‘Conduction’ in the same way as ‘Plastic’ is related to: a) Ground oil Chemistry b) Industry c) Inflammability d) Insulation ‘Wax’ is related to ‘Grease’ in the same way as ‘Milk’ is related to: a) Drink b) Ghee c) Protein ‘Walk’ is related to ‘Run’ in the same way as ‘Breeze’ is related to: a) Cold b) Dust c) Wind ‘Jade’ is related to ‘Green’ in the same way as ‘Garnet’ is related to: a) Red b) Blue c) Orange e) None of these 2.1. b) Businessman: Office c) Labour: Road d) Athlete: Olympics e) None of these 5. b) Light: Bulb c) Oven: Fire d) Bicycle: Wheel e) None of these 7. d) Air e) None of these 5. STOVE: KITCHEN a) Window: Bedroom b) Sink: Bathroom Lawyer: Court a) Chemist: Laboratory Silence: Noise a) Quiet: Peace Candle: wick a) Hammer: Nail River: Ocean a) Child: School Arc: Circle a) Number: Count Kick: Football a) Wash: Dishes c) Pot: Pan d) Television: Livingroom e) None of these 4. ‘Smoke’ is related to ‘Pollution’ in the same way as ‘War’ is related to: a) Victory b) Treaty c) Defeat d) Destruction ‘Indolence’ is related to ‘Work’ in the same way as ‘Taciturn’ is related to: a) Cheat b) Act c) Speak d) Observe ‘Cat’ is related to ‘Kitten’ in the same way as ‘Woman’ is related to: e) None of these 7. b) Book: Library c) Lane: Road d) Cloth: Body e) None of these 8. d) Curd e) None of these 4. e) None of these 3. . b) Noon: Midnight c) Morning: Night d) Energetic: Lazy e) None of these 3. e) None of these 8. d) Yellow e) None of these 6. a 5. a 10. a 5. c . c 1. b 9. d 4. a 10.4 Ex. c 2. d 10. d 9. c 3. a 10. a 10. ‘Ophthalmia’ is related to ‘Eye’ in the same way as ‘Rickets’ is related to: a) Kidney b) Nose c) Bone d) Heart e) None of these Answer Key Ex. c 3. b 6. c 8. d 7. b 4. b 6. c 1. a 8. d 9. c 5. a 2. b 6.2 Ex. Puppy b) Colt c) Calf d) Baby e) None of these ‘Much’ is related to ‘Many’ in the same way as ‘Measure’ is related to: a) Count b) Measures c) Calculate d) Weigh e) None of these 10. d 7. b 7. d 4. c 5. a 8.1 Ex. d 7. c 8. c 8.a) 9. d 2. d 7. d 2. b 6. d 5.3 Ex. c 1. c 1. c 3. d 4. a 6. a 4.5 1. b 9. b 9. b 2. c 3. c 3. -. 3. Please do not get mislead by this assumption.. You wish to see all the six nautankis. 3. Complete the diagrammatic representation of question before moving on to questions. to 1:30 p.. Sundar Kand is viewed third and Jhansi ki Rani is viewed last.etc. and 11:00 a. Further.m. and 1:30 p.m.m. Objects in a single row Objects in 2 rows Objects in closed shape (Circular Arrangements) Single Row: To solve these types of problems. 2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Nautanki Sati – Savitri Joru ka Ghulam Sundar Kand Veer Abhimanyu Reshma aur Shera Jhansi ki Rani Duration 1 hour 1 hour 30 minutes 1 hour 1 hour 30 minutes Show Times 9:00 a. the following six nautankis (plays) are scheduled as shown in the table below: No. Use of (ticks and crosses) or (0 and 1) to identify if an object can be put up at a particular position or not. . 9:30 a.m. U lose time!! Represent information in form of ‘Sh’ for Sheila and ‘Sa’ for Sachin. Do not mention the complete name of characters given in question. . Direct Questions Conditional Additional Information Questions Types of Linear Arrangement 1. 2. Solving linear arrangement without diagrams has a big cost on your time management.m. Note The biggest scourge of these questions is that we assume information given for 1 question to be true for other questions.m. 12:00 noon and 2:00 p. Sati-Savitri is viewed first. 10:30 a. 10:00 a. Give positions numbers to each position and then start to fill up these positions. and 11:00 a.m. and 11:30 a. 10:00 a.m. and 2:00 p. Commonly used symbols: x/y means one out of x and y 0x means x cannot be placed at this position 1x means x can be placed in this position X__y means two objects between x and y X>y means x lies ahead of y. Use symbols wherever required. Use symbolic notations to represent correlations like ??. prepare a position chart.m.m.m. Question: At a village mela. you wish to ensure that you get a lunch break from 12:30 p. 11:00 a.m. ------.m.ARRANGEMENTS Linear Arrangement Linear arrangement is a set of questions that deals with identifying objects and their positions relative to one another based on information given.m.. There are 3 broad kinds of questions based on amount of information given: 1. Which of the following ways can you do this? 1.. m. Solution: From the question first step is to think who all are neighbors and who are sitting across. R and S face each other. 1 2 3 not T not T So T occupies ‘2’ U cannot sit opposite T P<U Therefore P & U occupy farther end. Q and R occupy offices to right of corridor as you enter from open end. P. T does not have a corner office. T and U are on the opposite sides but non-facing. We can see make from information that S. U are neighbors & R. Information about positions are in reference to other objects. hence more than one combination may be possible. T. Sati-Savitri is viewed first. K is facing D who is to the left of R and to the right of P. Corridor starts with S. Sundar Kand is viewed third and Joru ka Ghulam is viewed fourth. R is to the left of A. Solution: Reshma aur Shera cannot be viewed at 12 noon as it is a 1 hour play. So final arrangements is: S P U R T Q Now we can answer all questions. we can having two arrangements for this data. Question: The plan shows office block for 6 officers. We should form all kinds of arrangements pictorially in order to avoid missing any data. Question: Six persons are playing a card game. 3. -1:30 p. For example. Circular arrangements These types of problems may have more than 1 arrangement to consider. who will be sitting to the left of A? (1) Y (2) P (3) R (4) k Solutions: .m. Sati-Savitri is viewed last.m. One needs to make a following pictorial diagram again for these questions. and remaining 2 are sitting opposite to each other. Veer Abhimanyu is viewed third. Please use such ways and methods to reduce time spent on each question. there is no slot at 9:30 a. Y is to the left of P. That is the third option. Please do not spend time evaluating all options iteratively. Lunch break takes place between 12:30 p.. Two rows problem In these problems there is a lot more information than single rows problems. Questions of 10 people in one corridor living across each other are solved using these sequence charts. Only option is to see it in last.2. S P U T does not have a corner office. 4. Veer Abhimanyu is viewed third and Reshma aur Shera is viewed first. We cannot place Reshma aur Shera at 9:30 a.m. Sequence starts from 9 a. Q are neighbors.m. U’s office is further down the corridor on the same side as P’s. given 4 positions fixed out of 6 positions in a circle. Just one option satisfies this condition. Reshma aur Shera is viewed fourth and Jhansi ki Rani is viewed fifth. P occupies an office to the left. If A exchanges his seat with Y and P exchanges with R. BMW. first step is to identify the Subject. Residence.BMW Indirect Information Very often the table cannot be completed with the available information. Not having names of all three cities or names of cars should not deter to make a table. Make a table with whatever incomplete data you have.Audi Direct Information North Avenu-----. Jane---. For example the question can give additional information: If Lisa does not live in North Avenue who drives BMW? It makes sense to read the questions even if table is partially complete only. Because it can easily be seen from table. Marry. Object and attribute. Lisa. Name Residence Car Jane South West Park Audi North Avenue BMW Lisa In questions involving more data. the characters are identified by their position numbers. Information is given in two ways.Next arrangement: K is sitting to left of A.South West-----. North Avenue. Here there are more attributes than just position of characters. Either direct information is given that relates characters to attributes. Second information related two attributes of object. This helps if an object. Solution: Subjects are Jane. The woman who lives in North Avenue drives a BMW. Question: There are 3 women. a column called eliminated data can be used to bullet what attributes cannot be related with the subject. Objects are: Audi. within an attribute has been eliminated against all but one subject. Then our next step is to assign that object to the single subject. Marry. Here the first information relates the attribute with the object. In linear arrangements. South West Park. Please make pictorial representations and use symbols wherever possible in linear arrangement. Lisa. Or relation between two attributes of a given object is given.Jane. Jane lives in South West Park. This is done to create conditional questions. Before beginning to solve the question. that it can only be Mary . Matrix/ Complex arrangement problems are most common problems in LR. Attributes are: Car. It makes sense to read the questions even if table is partially complete. Let’s make a table for this data. She drives an Audi.