Umandal, Larison P.HUM 313 BSAeE 3-3 Sentillas Sr. Dr. Manuel Corbo REGION 1: Ilocos Region INTRODUCTION Ilocanos are descendants of Austronesian-speaking people from Taiwan. Families and clans arrived by viray or bilog, meaning "boat". The term Ilokano originates from i-, "from", and looc, "cove or bay", thus "people of the bay." Ilokanos also refer to themselves as Samtoy, a contraction from the Ilokano phrase sao mi ditoy, "our language here". Ilocanos are descendants of Austronesian-speaking people from southern China via Taiwan. one of the most active tributaries to the general Philippine literature PRECOLONIAL TIMES TO THE 19TH CENTURY Earliest known written Iloko poems: Romances translated from Spanish by Francisco Lopez, who published his own Iloko translation of the Doctrina Cristiana by Cardinal Bellarmine, the first book to be printed in Iloko. Study of Iloko poetry: Gramatica Ilokana, published in 1895, based on Lopez's Arte de la Lengua Iloca, earlier published in 1627, but was probably written before 1606. Pedro Bucaneg collaborated with Lopez in the translation of the Doctrina into Iloko the first known Ilokano poet the "Father of Ilokano Poetry and Literature." blind since childhood authored the popular epic known as Biag ni Lam-ang, who published it in El Ilocano from December 1889 to February 1890, with Spanish translation in prose, and also reprinted it in his El Folklore Filipino, under the title Vida de Lam-ang. Leona Florentino considered by some as the "National Poetess of the Philippines" her poems however, appear to the modern reader as being too syrupy for comfort, too sentimental to the point of mawkishness, and utterly devoid of form. Fr. Justo Claudio Fojas Ilokano secular priest who wrote Leona Florentino's contemporary. novenas, prayerbooks, catechism, metrical romances, dramas, biographies, a Spanish grammar and an Iloko-Spanish dictionary. Comedia (moro-moro) a highly picturesque presentation of the wars between Christians and Muslims Zarzuela an equally picturesque depiction of what is at once melodrama, comic-opera, and the skit interminably preoccupied with the eternal theme of boy-meetsgirl-who-always-live-happily-ever-after-seemingly-impossible-odds presented for the first time in the Ilocos in the 19th century. Comedia – scripted from corridos Prince Don Juan Ari Esteban ken Reyna Hipolita Doce Paris early Cagayanos reveled in a civilization of their own. Guerrero (MLQEI) . or a Dreadful Revenge”)– Mariano Gaerlan (1909) “Uray Narigat no Paguimbagan” (“Impovement Despite Obstacles”) – Facundo Madriaga (1911) “Apay a Pinatayda ni Naw Simon?” (“Why did they Kill Don Simon?”) . Wenno Nakaam-ames a Bales” (“Life of an old Man.first Iloko novel printed on 1892 and written by Rufino Redondo 20TH CENTURY more intense in literary activity EXAMPLES: Biag ti Maysa a Lakay. Marcelino A. Alcid (UST) – made a study on Iloko prose fiction and discussed the Iloko short story and the Iloko nevel and their possibilities in Philippine Literature (1940) Findings: Short stories and novels were still young and needed more improvement Mercedes F.helped popularize Zarzuela based on culture & traditions of the Iocos Norte “Matilde de Sinapangan”. The Spanish occupation in Cagayan was recorded to have started in 1581 when Gobernador Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penaloza sent Juan Pablo Carreon to the . Bernardo Carpio Jaime Del Prado Marcelino Mena Crisologo . Foronda. Yabes (UP) – made a brief survey of Iloko Literature (1934) Findings: Iloko Literature began with Pedro Bukaneg Thomas B. Pichay (1935) – first known detective novel in Iloko Iloko literature reached headland Many Ilokanos started to write Literary pieces Early Bannawag short stories in 1920’s – poor imitations of equally poor American fiction Bannawag resumed publication in 1947 War Guerilla activities Japanese Artrocities Murder Pillage Death Leopoldo Y.made a master thesis titled “Critical Analysis of the Outstanding Iloko Short Stories Published in the Bannawag from 1948 to 1952” Findings: Iloko Stories offer a mine of information about the ideals and customs of the Filipino people “Dalang: An Introduction to Philippine Literature in Iloko” – Dr. (1967) traits and characteristics of the Ilokanos REGION 2: Cagayan Valley The most important event in the history of Cagayan Valley took place in 1572 when Spanish Conquistador Don Juan de Salcedo traced the northern coast and landed at the mouth of the Pamplona River. Before his visit.Leon C. Jr. The Ybanags are reputed to be the tallest of all the ethno-linguistic groups in the Philippines. The Itawits are almost indistinguishable from the Ybanags. The old brick works in Tuguegarao lie inside the city and speak of a time when bricks were extensively used to build the beautiful churches of the Cagayan.000 years back. They conducted trade with neighboring areas using distinctive seacrafts. The Cagayan Museum is a repository of the province´s cultural heritage. This was so. were fierce and warlike. independent of each other. The Ybanags used to inhabit the area along the Cagayan coast but migrated further inland. especially the Irrayas and Gaddangs. the Neolithic archeological sites in Lanna have yielded stone tools used as early as 20. There were also the great calamities--epidemic. In Solana. The evangelization and pacification of the valley were difficult because the communities found by the colonizers were far apart. connected by a narrow walkway that is used as washing area for hands and feet. they resisted the abuses committed by the officials and their encomienderos. The Ybanags.north to drive away a Japanese fleet under the command of Taifusa. features ancient Filipino traditions of taking care of their dead. Iron Age pottery. the natives. to the extent of rising a revolt--the history of the province tells of numerous and frequent insurrections in some of which the native rebels killed all the Spanish officials. Thus. Carreon succeeded in his mission and proceeded upriver to look for future pueblo sites and thus making a name for himself in the process. They are also excellent blacksmiths and continue to make good bolos. the pagan natives blamed their occurences on the coming of the white people. cast in 1592. still peals from the tower of the church in Camalaniugan. It was always the missionaries who consoled the natives in time of the calamities and who pacified them when they revolted. inland and marine resources. The oldest bell in the country. The Itawits are noted for their pottery and basketweaving traditions. Cagayan Valley abounds with natural resources and exudes with development potentials that consist of rich agricultural areas. for the guns of the Spanish soldiers were . locust infestations. They build their houses with separate kitchens. and their commercial interests made their language the medium of commerce throughout the region before the influx of Ilokano migrants. Itawits and Malawegs are mainly lowland farmers whose agricultural practices are similar to those of the Ilokanos. historical buildings and archeological sites spread across the province. apparently because living in separate communities. The culture of Cagayan is showcased in museums. The Cabarruan jar burial site. Chinese Ming and Sung dynasty porcelain pieces as well as Church paraphernalia are on display together with Paleolithic fossils. floods and earthquakes--which caused great difficulties and sufferings to the people. and though to us today the calamities were natural phenomena. they cultivated fierce love for freedom. The early chronicles of Cagayan Valley . separated by primeval spans of wild forests with crocodile-infested rivers to cross or along which the missionaries and soldiers had to travel. forestland and grasslands. Ybanag Dialect: Potent Factor in Cagayan's Evangelization The Ybanag dialect was a very potent factor in the difficult and hazardous evangelization of the pagan and hostile inhabitants of the Cagayan Valley. also in the town. minuhung kadisi na. English Translation THE NUNUK ON THE HILL as u di ta Nu itanis ko an nu an didien ko. She remains silent but observant. Since this family led only a hand to mouth existence. His name was Bernard Carpio. U minahey niya diyaken. she again left Bernardo Carpio alone. He received his Master’s in English and Philosophy from St. Whenever the mother went out to work. The Nunuk on the hill short forth the leaves and twigs. She would just give him something to play with. Again he broke rod into pieces. WHAT CAUSES EARTHQUAKES (Y Paggafuanan na Lunig) Once upon a time. the mother deliberately gave her son an iron rod to play with. there was a very poor couple who had only one son. So the baby was lest in the house without any toy. Upon coming home.futile against the fury which the natives displayed in defense of their rights and sense of freedom. the mother was surprised that the walls and studs of their house were either destroy or broken. As man. in Literature from UST in 1977. Ichapungpung diya am yaken nilangan na. Kapatalamaran ava su avang idaud Ta miyan du inayebngan na. This popularity made him very . IMPORTANT LITERARY PIECES: NU NUNUK DU TUKUN Nu Nunuk Du Tukun. miyan du inayebngan na. Ta nu taw aya u suminbang diyaken. He challenged to fight those who dared him and defeated them all. Sabtang. she would find all the toys of the baby broken into small pieces. When she came home. Then suddenly all its branches fell and I under it. both husband and wife had to work for living. This happened everyday until the mother could no longer give the baby anything to play with. • Hailing from Savidug. Tiempo Florentino Hornedo • Born on October 16. Hornedo obtained his BSE from the University of Santo Tomas in 1961. Next time. • He was born to Leon Hornedo and Bienvenida Hontomin. The sad news came to me in the roar of the breakers. she found the same in shambles. On what is left I cannot watch the boats on the sea For I stand on the side from the sea. hid prowess was also acclaimed in the whole country. I weep in my grief? It was the sea that made me an orphan.D. From the voice of the mighty sea currents. As a child grew up. when she came home to feed him. 1938 in Batanes. Louis University in 1966 and 1972 respectively and his Ph. WRITERS AND LITERARY WORKS: Fernando Maramag Edith L. Batanes. News of it also spread in the neighborhood. As soon as these parts of the house had been repaired. Na maliliyak a pahung as maheheyet a riyes. he was recognized as the strongest boy in the village. Now the parents were growing alarmed over the extraordinary strength of Bernardo. she would lock up the baby in the house. The old folks also say that when he finally frees himself. he impulsively went between the warring mountains. Robby Tantingco an “Outstanding Kapampangan” awardee Riddles .proud. when God asked him to stop the quarrel between the two big mountains. He extended his arms to stop them but instead. they renamed the area to La Pampanga. the earth quakes. many different literary works arose. and the moral values of the people of Pampanga are seen in the often categorized as seditious plays of Aurelio Tolentino. REGION 3: Central Luzon In 1571. But on the third trial. Today. sense of pride. Central Luzon is mostly composed of 'Tagalog' speaking natives. God gave him the upper hand. it was believed that whenever Bernardo Carpio struggles to free himself from the grip of the mountains. In a conceited gesture. Bernardo failed. During this period of time. At first. He was so proud that even he dared challenged God. Highlights of the local traditions Giant Lantern Festival – San Fernando Pampanga Lubenas Angeles City Lenten Ritual Self flagellation Putting up puni Singing of pasyon Tumaila (Pampango Lullabies) Familiar to all Grandmothers in Pampanga Atin Cu Pung Singsing Basulto march (flute and drums) Courage. Aurelio Tolentino Plays in Pampango are: Sinukuan Aslag Tala Ing Sundang ning Mengubie Bayung Cristo Filipinas at Espaňa Lua ning Balen Holy Angel University .center of Kapampangan studies and with the direction of Mr. he got between the two mountains and was buried alive with his head out. when the Spanish took hold of Central Luzon. that will be the end of the world. Pampanga Literature A showcase of unique and diverse words of art shaped by rich and colorful traditions. ..... aeta riddles Kapampangan riddles EXAMPLE: Are you that Someone by: Lori Ungacta Are you that someone who will love me so deep.. Are you that someone who would protect me from harm... Are you that someone willing to have me as your wife. Are you that someone who no other can compete... Are you that someone who will grow old with me.. Are you that someone who I will love for life.. Are you that someone who will hold my hand............. Are you that someone who will share good times and bad. Are you that someone who won't make me weep...... Are you that someone who would hold me in your arms. Are you that someone who will make me smile. Are you that someone who will make my life complete.... Are you that someone who would be my man. . Are you that someone who would go the extra mile. Are you that someone who sees my true beauty..... Are you that someone who with me is always glad... Batangas). and papier-mâché (locally known as taka). It’s a colorful region. [citation needed] He often writes about individuals under thirty. Emilio Aguinaldo (from Kawit. CALABARZON has seen steady industrial growth and urbanization in recent years. Rizal has artisan villages and art galleries. Francisco Balagtas . It is also designated as Region IV-A and its regional capital is Calamba City in Laguna. and Quezon. society and from themselves. Gregorio C. Historical landmarks. Laguna is known for embroidery. she has several publications in the field of Philippine folklore. a title she received in 1986. Laguna. a play in one act that depicts the social injustices and the abuse of the country’s oppressive politicians. CALABARZON is also rich in cultural traditions.is one of the Philippines' most popular writers in English.a Filipino female author and professor who was known as the Mother of Philippine Folklore. among them a series of seven books which she compiled and edited. The famous epic. wood carving. Known for his sophisticated and elegant style. and shrines dot the region’s landscape. adolescent or post adolescent ones who struggle with alienation from family. Cavite). Apolinario Mabini (from Tanauan. SIkat .a Filipino composer known for his Kundiman songs.a Palanca Award Hall of Famer and a multi-awarded fiction writer. It’s the birthplace of national heroes such as Jose Rizal (from Calamba. His earlier collection of short stories earned him the title of the "Catholic Writer". Damiana L. Rogelio R. It’s where the Philippines’ independence from Spain was first declared in 1898.FAMOUS WRITERS OF THE REGION: Tomas Pinpin . Moses. Nicanor Abelardo . He was a former university professor and former college dean of the University of the Philippines’ College of Arts and Letters.a prominent Filipino poet.a prolific Filipino novelist. "Librong Pagaaralan nang mga Tagalog nang Uicang Castilla" in 1610. old churches. Batangas) and Miguel Malvar (from Sto. REGION 4-A: CALABARZON (Southern Tagalog Mainland) CALABARZON is one of the regions of the Philippines. Florante at Laura. entirely written by himself in the old Tagalog orthography. half-Filipino boy and Moses. Apart from being one of the Philippines’ finest modern literary figures. Tomas. The region is composed of five provinces. Brillantes . monuments. especially before the Second World War. and is widely considered one of the greatest Filipino literary laureates for his impact on Filipino literature. namely: Cavite. Apart from teaching at the University of the Philippines. Sikat is best known for his classic masterpieces particularly Impeng Negro. The region's name is an acronym of the names of these provinces." Pinpin is remembered for being the first native Filipino to publish and print a book. is regarded as his defining work. a short story based on a half-black. Quezon has harvest festivals and flamboyantly decorated houses. Sikat was also a distinguished educator.he first Filipino printer and is sometimes referred as the "Prince of the Filipino Printers. Eugenio . The area is rich in history. he has been compared to James Joyce. Rizal. But the local culture is still very much alive. Batangas. playwright and short story writer. Because of its proximity to the national capital. . Laguna). P Tagapangulo ng Departamento ng Filipino at Literatura. They’ll surely yearn for liberty . these books told about the oppression of the Spanish colonial rule. Recto Noong bata pa ako Ligaya Tiamson Rubin Taga. Medina Jr. Jose P. Rizal's two books "Noli Me Tangere" (Touch Me Not) which he wrote while he was in Berlin. Rizal Kasalukuyang nagtuturo sa U. Teo S. EXAMPLES OF HIS WORK: Sa aking mga kababata Noli Me Tangere ( Huwag mo akong salingin) El Filibusterismo -1891 Huling Paalam -1896 Sobre la indolencia de los filipinos ( Hinggil sa katamanran ng mga Flipino. These two books made Rizal as a marked man to the Spanish friars.Angono . Arnel S. Rizal ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Rizal was a prolific writer and was anti-violence. Rizal) IF truly a people dearly love The tongue to them by Heaven sent. Germany in 1887 and "El Filibusterismo" (The Rebel) in Ghent. the defects of the Spanish administration and the vices of the clergy. Vitor Ang tutong Buenaventura S. He rather fight using his pen than his might. EXAMPLE Our Mother Tongue (Jose P. kapangyarihan at punong-kahoy Alejandro S. Belgiun in 1891 exposed the cruelties of the Spanish friars in the Philippines.) Ala Juventud Filipina ( Sa kabataan Pilipino) Filipinas Dendro de cien anos ( Ang Pilipinas sa loob ng Isangdaang taon).FAMOUS WRITERS OF THE REGION: Dr. Baylen Tinig ng Teenager Takipsilim at lumang lambat Rev. Fr. Abadilla Ako ang daigdig at sanaysay sa Tula Claro M. This same thing happened so repeatedly.” said the datu. Spanish. and kingdom. the MIMAROPA region is definitely something different. AS others. So she went to the palace and presented Suan to the datu. Suan hurried home ahead of her. my lord. he cried. And like any other created thing Every human being loves his freedom. that his mother began to believe in his skill as a diviner. His mother sent him to school. if you will give your soldiers over to me for tonight. “Yes. Is worse than putrid fish and a beast. article by article. but in vain. sharp-witted boy. As soon as his mother had passed by from the market. and peace and serenity. a barrio. Instead of going to school. Suan was a clever. Romblon and Palawan. You will find rugged roads. THE Tagalog language akin to Latin. “Well. or traffic jams here. tomorrow tell me where the ring is. One day the ring of the datu’s daughter disappeared. When she reached home. And like a truly precious thing It therefore deserves to be cherished. however. especially underwater. EXAMPLE: Suan. BECAUSE by its language one can judge A town. Suan. To English. ONE who doesn’t love his mother tongue.Like a bird above in the firmament. Suan’s mother heard of the proclamation. With its National Parks. Oriental Mindoro. Marinduque. angelical tongue. It was lost because a storm did destroy On the lake the bangka in years bygone REGION 4-B: MIMAROPA (Southern Tagalog Islands) The name of this region is an acronym that combines the names of its provinces: Occidental Mindoro. delicious seafood.” Suan replied. You won’t find big cities. “Mother. and he offered his daughter’s hand as a prize to the one who should succeed. Suan climbed up the tree that stood by the roadside. laid-back island life that the people of MIMAROPA have had for centuries. palm-fringed beaches. bustling highways. The datu called for volunteers to find the lost ring. protected marine areas and even wild safari parks. For God who knows how to look after us This language He bestowed us upon. “You shall have everything you need. There’s an enchantment to this region. The Good Guesser There was once an old woman who had an only son named Suan. . our language is the same With alphabet and letters of its own.” He then told her.” said the datu. World Heritage Sites. I will tell you. All the people in the locality searched for it. I know what you bought in the market to-day. Above land you’ll find simple towns. and the quiet. Then he ordered them to retire. Suan pointed at each one of them. Now you shall have my daughter’s hand. In the morning Suan said boastfully.” “Give it to me. the datu came again. and nowhere else. and said. Very early the next morning Suan came to the palace with a turkey in his arms. Suan did not know what to do. “I tell you. and you shall be safe. “I know who has it. “The ring is here. He had no idea whatever as to what was in the ball.” Consequently Suan won the fourteen cascos full of gold. . At midnight he went secretly to the cascos. One day the datu proposed a bet with anyone who wished to prove Suan’s skill. and the ring was found inside it.That evening Suan ordered the soldiers to stand around him in a semicircle. “Where is the ring?” the datu demanded. “The ball contains nine cents. So Suan became the princess’s husband.” said Suan. and said. but he could learn nothing there.” Thus Suan won the whole treasure.” said the datu. your orange has nine seeds. Late in the night this soldier came to Suan. Hoping to recover his loss. sir. “Nonsense!” “That is right. The turkey was then killed. Suan did not know what to say. and from it he learned the number of seeds in the orange. Accordingly another datu came. So in the dead of night he went out to the cascos. He asked Suan to tell him what was inside his golden ball. so he said scornfully.” It so happened that Suan fixed his eyes on the guilty soldier. The next morning Suan was summoned into the presence of the two datus. “You have done very well. nobody doubted Suan’s merit. “I will get the ring you are in search of. that is right!” shouted a man. He offered to bet seven cascos of treasure that Suan could not tell the number of seeds that were in his orange. it is in this turkey’s intestines. Suan.” Suan replied. When all were ready. who trembled and became pale. Here he heard their conversation.” said Suan. From now on. “Why. This time he had with him fourteen cascos full of gold. and will give it to you if you will promise me my safety.