INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGYTECHNICAL DRAWING LEVEL 7 33 Let students explain the difference between Technical Drawing and Art. Ask students who Vitruvius was. Let students present a report on the history of Technical Drawing. communication. Explain who Vitruvius was and what his treatise was all about. Formulating answers to questions. Technicians.Topic Skills Knowledge Understanding Attitude State the definitions of Technical Drawing. Area of Integration Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Electrical Technology Language Arts. The first written evidence of the use of Technical Drawing was in 30 B. Projects Ask students to compile a folder on the changes in architectural design and motor vehicle design. Speaking and writing Standard English.C. Content Technical Drawing is a universal graphic language. History of Compiling Technical and Drawing. State the brief history of Technical Drawing. Appreciate that Technical Drawing is an important part of general education. engineers and draftsmen use lines. Chart showing ancient and modern Technical Drawings. Technical Listening to Drawing explanations. 34 . Explain what architects and draftsmen do and how their drawings are used to produce articles. The earliest known Using Technical Technical Drawing is the Drawing to communicate plan view of a fortress drawn ideas of a by Chaldean technical engineer nature. Explain how ancient man communicated. presenting a report on the History of Technical Drawing. Explain the use of Technical Drawing in ancient times. Gudea and engraved on stone tablet. Let students explain his link to Technical Drawing. language. Explain the changes in Technical Drawing and what influenced these changes. Evaluation Ask students to state what technical Drawing is. Explain the differences between Technical Drawing and Art. when the Roman Architect Vitruvius wrote a treatise on architecture. Materials Methods/ Strategies Chart showing examples of Technical Drawings. Language Arts Social Studies. Explain the difference between Technical Drawing and Art. universal. letters. numerals and diagrams as the principal means of communication. Discuss key words-graphic. Area of Integration Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Electrical Engineering Technology Mathematics (Geometry) Drawing equipme nt and instruments. Identifying and listing drawing equipment and instruments. Ask students to explain the correct use of each type of drawing equipment and instrument. compasses.Drawing equipment and instruments 2.Correct Uses. drawing paper.Technical Sketching 4. Recognizes and appreciate the need for correct use of drawing equipment and instruments.Engineering Drawings 2. List the names of drawing equipment and instruments -T-square -Set square -Compass -Dividers -Protector -Scales -Pencils -Drawing clips -Eraser -Drawing paper -Drawing board. Methods/ Strategies Display examples of Technical Drawing. Display drawing equipment and instruments.Topic The types of Technical Drawing. Materials Samples of the types of Technical Drawing. Common drawing equipment and instruments are T-square. Manipulate drawing equipment and instruments to produce accurate drawings. Appreciate the purpose served by each type of Technical Drawing. drawing clips. Let students list the names of each type of drawing equipment. Skills Identifying the types of Technical Drawing. Demonstrate the correct use of each type of drawing equipment. 35 . Care and maintain drawing equipment and instruments. Explain the correct use of drawing equipment and instruments.Names 3.Descriptive Geometry Geometry forms the basis of foundation of Technical Drawing. scales. Projects Evaluation Let students give oral and written presentation s on the types of Technical Drawing. Discuss each type of drawing. set square. Knowledge List the types of Technical Drawing -Engineering Drawing -Architectural Drawing -Technical Sketching -Descriptive Geometry. protractors. Let students draw chart to show 1. Content The Types of Technical Drawing are:1. Examples of all drawing equipment and instruments.Architectural Drawings 3. Language Arts. irregular curves. erasers. Mathematics Let students label each type of drawing equipment and instrument. Explain the use of each type of drawing equipment and instruments. pencils. Understanding Attitude Explain the difference between the types of Technical Drawing. dividers. Geography. uniformity and clarity. Demonstrate the drawing of border lines and the preparation of a Title Block. Projects Evaluation Let students write sentences using the styles of lettering. Area of Integration Art Social Studies Integrated Science Preparation of drawing sheet. Appreciate that simplicity and legibility are the keys to good lettering. Content The styles for lettering:1. shape. Format for Title Block. State the types and intensity of lines used for the border and title block -light -bold. Understanding Attitude Explain the difference between upper case and lower case letters. size. Guidelines for good lettering. spacing and balance. Layout of borders. Draw guide lines for lettering. Practice by students. Chart showing examples of Title Block. Let students draw border lines and prepare title blocks on all paper used for drawing. Skills Form upright and/or sloping upper and lower case letters and numbers. Materials Chart showing styles of letters and numbers.Topic Letters and Numbers. Appreciate the need for neatness.sloping / slanting In any style of lettering uniformity is essential. Distinguish the difference between the bold border lines and the light lines in the title block. Drawing border lines Preparing a title block.Upright / vertical 2. Explain the importance of a Title Block. Knowledge List the styles of letters and numbers used in Technical drawing -upright / vertical -sloping / slanting single strong 1)upper case 2)lower case Gothic style lettering. Single stroke letters: i)Upper case ii)Lower case Gothic style in lettering. styles of lettering. Demonstrate with emphasis on uniformity. 36 . Methods/ Strategies Display examples of styles of lettering. Unit Symbols. Demonstrating accuracy in measurement. 2)The importance of the correct application of the different types of line in Technical Drawing. Area of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Electrical Technology. Explain and demonstrate how to measure in the various units of the SI system. State the table of metric measurements from millimeters to kilometers. Let students draw lines to given lengths using the SI system of measure ment. The alphabet of lines. Oral questions and answers on the conversion of millimeters to centimeters. Table of the SI Metric System from millimeters to kilometers. Explain the different line positions and the alphabet of lines. ‘horizontal’. lines’. Methods/ Strategies Discuss the meaning of the word line. Projects Students identify and label the types of lines from Engineering and Architectural Drawings. oblique. Lines can either be straight or curved. Convert units of metric measurement to larger and smaller units. ‘curved line’. Mathematics 37 . Evaluation Let students produce/ draw lines from given information. ‘oblique’. Understanding Attitude Explain 1) The correct use of each type of line in Technical Drawing. Using the appropriate Technique for Drawing Lines. Lines can be drawn in any position – horizontal. Skills Identifying the types of lines used in Technical Drawing Drawing each type of line using different 1)Slope )Pencil 3)Direction 4)Intensity Knowledge List the names of the types of lines used in Technical Drawing Define ‘line’. Measuring in millimeters and centimeters using a ruler. Linear Measure ment the Internatio nal System of units. Let students do practice exercises using the SI system of measurement. Let students formulate a definition of line. A straight line is the shortest distance between two points. ‘parallel’. Discuss what a straight line is. ‘vertical’. Parallel lines are the same distance apart.Topic Lines used in Technical Drawing. vertical. Content A line can be defined as the path between two points. Chart showing the conversion method from millimeters to kilometers the metric rule. ‘straight line’. Materials Chart showing the alphabet of lines. Projects Evaluation Let students explain the procedure in bisecting a straight line. Methods / Strategies Discuss the meaning of bisect and bisector. Explain the uses of perpendicular lines. Diagram showing perpendicular Discuss the meaning of Lines. Let students practice the steps in bisecting a line. Define perpendicular List the steps in drawing a line perpendicular to a given line. Content To bisect is to divide into two equal parts. Drawing instruments. A line that divides another into two equal parts is called the bisector. Let students form definitions of bisect and bisector List the steps in bisecting a line. Let students practice the steps. Working with speed accuracy and neatness. Understanding Attitude Explain the words bisect and bisector. perpendicular lines. Materials Drawing Instruments. Supervise and correct if necessary. Skills Bisecting a straight line using a ruler. Perpendicular lines are lines which are at a right angle (90o) to each other. Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology 38 . Exercises on the bisection of straight lines… Area of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Geometrical Constructions Drawing Perpendicular Straight Lines To Satisfy Given Conditions. Exercise on drawing perpendicular straight lines. Let students explain the procedure in drawing a line perpendicular to a given line. compass and pencil. Knowledge Define ‘bisect’ and bisector’ List the steps in bisecting a straight line. Demonstrate the steps.Topic Geometrical Constructions Bisecting a Straight Line. Working with speed accuracy and neatness. Drawing a line perpendicular to a given line 1) from a point on the line 2) from a point above the line. List the steps in drawing a line perpendicular to a given line. Diagram showing bisected lines. Demonstrate the steps. Mathematics Working with speed accuracy and neatness. Skills Measuring line segments using a ruler and a pair of compasses. vertical. Drawing parallel horizontal lines using T-square. Demonstrate how to draw vertical parallel lines and inclined parallel lines. Distinction of horizontal. Parallel lines are the same distance apart and they do not meet in either direction when produced. Understanding Attitude Drawing a straight line in a given direction.Topic Geometrical Constructions Drawing A Straight line. Drawing line segments. Methods/ Strategies Demonstrate how to draw a given straight line using ruler and compasses Let students practice given examples. Art Chart showing horizontal. Materials Ruler Compass Pencil Chart showing straight lines of different lengths. Projects Evaluation Let students draw. Define vertical lines. Give students practice. Using set square and T-square to draw a)parallel vertical lines b)parallel inclined lines. Demonstrate how to draw horizontal parallel lines using the Tsquare. Define parallel lines. Let students show examples of parallel straight lines in various positions. measure and record the lengths of various straight lines. List the steps to perform each skill. Area of Integration Mathematics Drawing parallel straight lines. Using two set squares to draw lines parallel to a given line. Define inclined line. Knowledge State the definition of a straight line. inclined and parallel lines. Define horizontal lines. Explain why these lines are parallel. Use of the appropriate instrument to draw parallel lines. 39 . Working with speed accuracy and neatness. Procedure for drawing a straight line to a required length with ruler and compasses. vertical and inclined lines. Methods for drawing parallel lines. Content A straight line is the shortest distance between two points. the arms and the vertex. Area of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Technology Mathematics Building Technology Demonstrate drawing of angles in different positions. Methods/ Strategies Demonstrate the division of straight lines into equal parts. Content Materials A straight line Drawing instruments can be divided into any number of equal parts geometrically. 40 . Let students draw and Mechanical label the Technology. Angles: Definition Parts and units of angular measurement Drawing angles using the protractor. Discuss definition of angle. State the unit of angular measurement. List the parts of an angle. set square and pencil. Knowledge List the steps in dividing a straight line into a number of equal parts.Topic Geometrical constructions dividing a straight line into a given number of equal parts. parts of an angle. The unit of angular measurement is the degree. parts. Projects Evaluation Exercise on the division of straight lines of given lengths into equal parts. ruler a pair of compasses. Understanding Attitude Using appropriate instruments to divide a straight line into equal parts. Label the parts of an angle -vertex -arms State the definition of ‘an angle’. unit of angular measurement. Working accurately in measuring and drawing The parts of an angle are angles. Diagram showing parts of an angle. Skills Dividing a straight line into equal parts using. An angle is formed when two straight lines meet. Let students practice dividing lines into equal parts. Using appropriate instruments in measuring and drawing a variety of angles. Working with speed accuracy and neatness. Let students practice drawing angles using the protractor. Exercises on drawing angles of given sizes. ‘obtuse’. Skills Drawing the various kinds of angles. Mathematics Let students explain the term multiple and give examples.Reflex greater than 180o less than 360o . Methods/ Strategies Demonstrate the drawing of each kind of angle.Acute . Building Technology Mechanical Technology. Let students draw and label the kinds of angles. Working with accuracy speed and neatness. 41 . Identify each kind of angle.Right – 90o 3. 120o and 180o angles. State the steps in constructing angles of 120o and 180o.Straight – 180o 4. Multiples of 60o and 120o and 180o.Topic Kinds of angles. Manipulating geometrical instruments to construct angles of 120o and 180o. Projects Evaluation Give several angles to be identified. Use of appropriate instruments in the construction of various angles -acute -right -obtuse -reflex. ‘right’. Working accurately to draw angles. ‘straight’ and ‘reflex’ angles.Obtuse – greater than 90o less than 180o 5. Knowledge Understanding Attitude State the definition of ‘acute’. Let students draw types of angles from a given list Area of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Technology Constructing angles that are multiples of 60o. Drawing instruments. Content Kinds of angles 1. Let students construct angles of 60o. 120o and 180o after demonstration on the chalk board. Materials Diagram showing the kinds of angles. Exercise on constructing 60o.less than 90o 2. Using appropriate techniques for constructing various angles. Working with neatness. Demonstrate steps in bisecting an angel. List the sizes of angles that can be constructed. Recognize 1. a pair of compasses. Materials Drawing instruments. 90o. angles of 30o. compasses and pencil.That an angle can be constructed if the correct combination of angles is found e. Working accurately in constructing angles. 105o. 75o. Content An angle is bisected when it is divided into two equal angles. Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Technology Constructing Constructing angles. Let students practice each step. and pencil. Understanding Attitude Selecting and using the correct instruments for bisecting various angles. Drawing Construction instruments. Set problems for practice. Let students state the combination of angles that can be constructed Demonstrate the construction of angles stated. 135o using ruler. 45o. of angles in multiples of 15o: 45o=30o+15o 75o=60o+15o 105o=90o+15o 135o=90o+45o Mathematics Exercises in the construction of angles which are multiples of 15o.Topic Bisecting an angle. 90o + 15o =105o. Building Technology Mechanical Technology. accuracy and speed. 42 . Knowledge State the definition of bisect.g.How to produce a required angle 2. Projects Evaluation Area of Integration Exercises in drawing given angles and bisecting them. Skills Bisecting an angle using ruler. Methods/ Strategies Explain the term bisect. Methods / Strategies Demonstrate each step Let students practice each step. A’B’C’ is the required angle. Materials Drawing instruments. Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Mathematics Integrated Science. Let students draw and label the parts of a triangle. Working accurately in the construction of triangles. Exercises on drawing and labelling the parts of a triangle. Content To copy a given angle ABC using compasses five steps are performed in sequence. median. Each corner is called vertex. side. Working accurately to copy various angles. The three angles add 180o. Assist students to formulate the definition of triangles. Area of Integration Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Mathematics Triangles: Definitions and Parts. A triangle is a plane figure bounded by three straight lines. Projects Evaluation Exercise which require students to copy given angles. 43 . State the definition of ‘triangles’ List the parts of a triangle. Sketching or drawing a triangle Labelling the parts of a triangle.Topic Copying an angle Skills Manipulating compasses to draw arcs in copying an angle Knowledge List steps in copying an angle Understanding Attitude Recognize that an angle is copied when it is accurately reconstructed with the aid of instruments. Oral and written definitions of a triangle and its parts. vertex. Parts of a triangle – base. Constructing triangles of different dimensions (sides and angles). Use chart to identify the parts of a triangle. altitude. Chart showing a triangle and its parts. Scalene . isosceles and equilateral triangles.Isossceles – given base and altitude 5. Using triangles for the construction of projects. Methods/ Strategies Display diagram Discuss the characteristi cs of each type of triangle.Isosceles – two equal sides and angles 3. Identify each kind of angle. Exercises on the construction of triangles from given data. Give students practice in drawing solutions.Equilateral – given the length of the side. 3. Skills Sketching and drawing the types of triangles . Drawing Instruments.Right angled – one right angle 6. Using triangles for the construction of projects. 6.Given two angles and the included side.Obtuse angled – one obtuse angle. 2. sizes of angles. List data for the construction of triangles – three sides. altitude.Equilateral .Right angled . Recognize the importance of adequate data to make the construction of a given triangle possible. Area of Integration Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Mathematics Integrated Science Construct ion of Triangles Constructing triangles from given data. State the problem clearly.Topic Types of Triangles .Given two sides and the included angle. Materials Diagram showing the types of triangles. obtuse angled.Isosceles – given side lengths.Scalene – given the lengths of three sides. Let students draw each type of triangle write its name and character Istics. Formulate the procedures for the accurate construction of triangles. scalene. right angled. Recognize the wide range of triangles and their uses. Assist students to find what is given and what is required. Knowledge List the types of triangles. Discuss possible solutions Demonstrate solutions.Equilaterial – three equal sides and angles 2.Acute angled . Understanding Attitude Differentiate between the types of triangles.Acute angled – three acute angles 5. State the definitions of acute angled. Construction of a triangle: 1. Projects Evaluation Let students give oral or written characteristics of each triangle with an accompanying sketch or drawing. 44 . Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Language Arts.Isosceles .Obtuse angles.Scalene – three unequal sides and angles 4. 4. Content The types of Triangles: 1. It has four angles and four vertices. diagonals. Knowledge Understanding Attitude Define the word quadrilateral List the parts of a quadrilateral sides. Skills Drawing or sketching a quadrilateral labeling the parts of a quadrilateral. 45 . The lines joining the opposite vertices are diagonals. Content A quadrilateral is a plane figure which has four sides. vertices. altitude. The sum of the angles is 360°. Use of specific data to accurately construct quadrilaterals.Topic Quadrilaterals: Definition and Parts. The perpendicular distance between parallel sides is the altitude Quadrilaterals may be regular or irregular. Let students give definition and name parts of a quadrilaterial. Materials Methods/ Strategies Projects Evaluation Let students state the definition of quadrilateral and draw examples of quadrilaterals. angles. Working accurately to construct quadrilaterals. Area of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Chart Display chart showing a and discuss quadrilateral basic features of quadrilaterals Identify parts of a quadrilateral. Content Types of quadrilaterals are: 1.Rectangle – opposite sides equal and parallel. Trapezium (kite) – pairs of adjacent sides equal. Materials Diagram showing types of quadrilaterals.Square – four equal sides and four right angles 2. 46 .Rhombus – all sides equal. Area of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Types of Drawing or quadrilaterals sketching the types of quadrilaterals.Topic Skills Knowledge List the types of quadrilateral Identify properties of various quadrilaterals. Opposite sides parallel. differences in quadrilaterals. Analyze definitions for clarity of meanings. opposite angles equal 5. Projects Evaluation Let students state the properties of each quadrilateral. Trapezium – one pair sides parallel 6. Angles are right angles. Understanding Attitude Outline the similarities and difference in properties of quadrilaterals. Parallelogram (trapezoid) – opposite sides equal and parallel. 3. Methods / Strategies Display diagram and list quadrilaterals discuss the properties of each quadrilateral Let students draw each quadrilateral. Mechanical Engineering Point out similarities or Technology. opposite angles equal 4. Projects Evaluation Exercises in construction of quadrilateral s with data provided.Rectangle given the diagonal and one side 5. included angle. altitude. Attitude Analytical and critical thinking in the solution of problems.Parallelogram given the length of adjacent sides and included angle 6. diagonals. Demonstrate each step of the construction of the quadrilateral give a similar problem for practice.Rhombus given adjacent sides and included angle. 47 . Content Construction of: 1. Knowledge List data which must be supplied in order to construct a required quadrilateral – length of sides. Areas of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology.Rectangle given the length of adjacent sides 4.Topic Construct ion of Quadri laterals. Understanding Formulate the procedures for the accurate construction of quadrilaterals.Square given the length of the diagonal 3. Materials Drawing instruments Methods/ Strategies State the problem on construction of a quadrilateral Assist students to analyze data and state the requirements. Skills Construting quadri laterals from given data.Square given the length of the sides 2. normal Concentric circles e Eccentric circles Drawing circles using compasses a) given radius b) given diameter Concentric circles have common center and different radii Eccentric circles have different centers. Drawing Instruments Demonstrate the drawing of a circle to required radius and diameter. quadrant. Materials Chart showing parts of a circle. tangent. draw / sketch and label its parts. Content A circle is a plane figure bounded by a curved line called the circumference on which every point is equidistant from a fixed point called the center. List the steps in drawing a circle when given the radius or diameter. Parts of a circle – arc. List the parts of a circle Identify what are concentric and eccentric circles. Understanding Recognize the similarities and differences between parts of a circle. Areas of Integration Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology Drawing Circles. Projects Evaluation Exercises requiring students it define a circle. semicircle. Mathematics Building Technology Mechanical Engineering Technology 48 . chord. Exercises on drawing circles of given radii and diameter. Recognize the differences between concentric and eccentric circles and their uses. segment.Topic Circles: Definition and parts. Skills Sketching and drawing circles Labelling parts of a circle -Arc -Radius -Diameter -Chord -Quadrant -Sector -Semicircle -Segment -Tangent -Normal Knowledge State the definition of a circle. Attitude Working with neatness and accuracy in drawing and sketching circles. sector. diameter. Methods/ Strategies Students explain their understandin g of what a circle is Assist students to formulate the definition of a circle Draw a circle and label its parts. Manipulate compasses to draw circles with given radius and diameters. Working with speed accuracy and neatness in drawing circles. radius. 49 .