Lesson 11 - IMABIhttp://www.imabijapaneselearningcenter.com/lesson11.htm IMABI 今日 いまび LESSON 11 ADJECTIVES: KEIYOUSHI AND KEIYOUDOUSHI In this lesson we will learn about the two kinds of adjectives in Japanese: Keiyoushi 形容詞 (nominal adjectives) and Keiyoudoushi 形容動詞 (adjectival verbs). Before we get into detail about the two kinds of adjectives, the following rules must be understood. THE SYNTAX RULE: Adjectival phrases may be seen in three different patterns. After Nominal Phrase X wa Y ga Z (copula) After Nominal Phrase X wa/ga Y (copula) Before Nominal Phrase Adj. phrase + nominal phrase Note: Z is the adjectival phrase in the first pattern and Y is the adjectival phrase in the second. The first pattern describes a person or thing. The second pattern is affirmative and the third pattern is attributive. THE SPEECH STYLE RULE: Politeness is determined at the end of a sentence. As adjectives may be in the final position of a sentence, you'll now have to recognize the politeness of a sentence. Reminder: Keep the fundamental differences between the particles wa and ga in mind in this lesson. THE 6 BASES OF CONJUGATION FOR ADJECTIVES Below is a slightly modified review chart in respect to adjectives of the six bases. 未然形 連用形 終止形 連体形 已然形 命令形 Mizenkei Ren'youkei Shuushikei Rentaikei Izenkei Meireikei Used with negative and volitional auxiliary verbs. Used with auxiliary verbs that express action or process. Verb itself and at the end of a sentence. The verb itself used as a participle. Used with auxiliary verbs felt to be "already-realized". The imperative or command form; not used. Keiyoushi end in "-i" and, like the copula, do not use the Mizenkei but the Ren'youkei to construct the negative. Instead, the Mizenkei is only used to show volition (See Lesson 66). Keiyoudoushi are created by using the copula de aru/da in plain speech and desu in polite speech. Below is a chart that illustrates the bases of Keiyoushi and of the copula for Keiyoudoushi. Keiyoushi Mizenkei Ren'youkei Shuushikei かろ く・かり い KaroKu-, KariI De aru であろ であり である De aroDe ariDe aru Da だろ だっ・で だ DaroDaっ-, deDa Desu でしょ でし です DeshoDeshiDesu 1/7 11/26/2011 6:36 PM IMABI http://www. Past Plain Speech Atarashii Atarashikunai Atarashikatta Atarashikunakatta Polite Speech Atarashii desu Atarashikunai desu. Dazzling Beautiful Itchy Early Late. Below is a chart illustrating how to conjugate them.imabijapaneselearningcenter. -nakatta なかった..P Neg. atarashiku (wa) arimasen Atarashikatta desu Atarashikunakatta desu. Below is a chart illustrating how to conjugate Keiyoushi with atarashii 新しい "new". Below are some of the most common Keiyoushi followed by examples. KEIYOUSHI 形容詞 Keiyoushi end in -i..Lesson 11 . hard Narrow Warm Hot Cold (weather) 眩い 美しい 痒い 早い 遅い 難しい 狭い 暖・温かい 熱・暑い 寒い Mabayui Utsukushii Kayui Hayai Osoi Muzukashii Semai Atatakai Atsui* Samui Old Ugly Busy Fast Wide Fun Annoying Cold Heavy Round 古い 醜い 忙しい 速い 広い 楽しい 煩い 冷たい 厚い 丸・円い Furui Minikui Isogashii Hayai Hiroi Tanoshii Urusai Tsumetai Atsui Marui 2/7 11/26/2011 6:36 PM . desu desu desu (wa) arimasen desu wa arimasen deshita Note: For negative past. slow Difficult. we will always learn which one to use.htm Rentaikei Izenkei Meireikei い けれ かれ I KereKare な であれ であれ Na De areDe are な なら X Na NaraX X X X X X X Note: As there are two Ren'youkei to Keiyoushi. use the -kari stem of -nai then add -ta. Tense N.P" stands for non-past. Past Neg. atarashiku (wa) arimasen deshita Note: "N.com/lesson11. *:Adjectives should be in the volitional to show speculation of the future (See Lesson 66). Tense Non-past* Past Negative 1 Negative 2 Negative Past 1 Negative Past 2 Base Shuushikei Ren'youkei (kari) Ren'youkei (ku) Ren'youkei (ku) Ren'youkei (ku & kari) Ren'youkei (ku) Auxiliary Verb None -ta -nai None -nai & -ta ri to っ ri to っ Change Polite: Add. The description was vivid. それはよくないです。 Sore wa yokunai desu. The process was lengthy.htm *: Atsui.com/lesson11. in respect to weather is written as "暑い" and as "熱い" when referring to hot temperature in general. 鶏肉は冷たい。 Toriniku wa tsumetai.. but all conjugations come from yoi. The room is bright.imabijapaneselearningcenter. That man wasn't tenacious. 3/7 11/26/2011 6:36 PM . The custom wasn't deep-rooted. It isn't wide. 習慣は根深くありませんでした。 Shuukan wa nebukaku arimasen deshita. 海は広い。 Umi wa hiroi.IMABI http://www. but. Your apartment is beautiful. The ocean is wide. 模様は生々しかったです。 Moyou wa namanamashikatta desu. He isn't nice. Cake isn't cheap. ケーキは安くないです。 Keeki wa yasukunai desu. 手続は長たらしかった。 Tetsuzuki wa nagatarashikatta. 彼は優しくない。 Kare wa yasashikunai.Lesson 11 . あの男の人は粘り強くなかったです。 Ano otoko no hito wa nebarizuyokunakatta desu. あなたのアパートは美しい。 Anata no apaato wa utsukushii. * The adjective for good is ii/yoi. The chicken is cold. That's not good. 部屋は明るいです。 Heya wa akarui desu.. 広くはありませんが、 Hiroku wa arimasen ga. Lesson 11 .com/lesson11. He's a really serious person. Awesome Serious Convenient Modern Easy Important Useless Various Necessary Large scale 立派（な） 真面目（な） 便利（な） モダン（な） 簡単（な） 大切（な） 駄目（な） 様々（な） 必要）な） 大幅（な） Rippa (na) Majime (na) Benri (na) Modan (na) Kantan (na) Taisetsu (na) Dame (na) Samazama (na) Hitsuyou (na) Oohaba (na) Pretty Quiet Inconvenient Unique Safe Dangerous Happy Healthy Subtle Official 綺麗（な） 静か（な） 不便（な） ユニーク（な） 安全（な） 危険（な） 幸せ（な） 健康（な） 微妙（な） 正式（な） Kirei (na) Shizuka (na) Fuben (na) Yuniiku (na) Anzen (na) Kiken (na) Shiawase (na) Kenkou (na) Bimyou (na) Seishiki (na) 人はいつも対等ではないです。 Hito wa itsu mo taitou de wa nai desu. 情報は大切だった。 Jouhou wa taisetsu datta. 怠惰な生徒じゃ。 Taida na seito ja. 問題は簡単です。 Mondai wa kantan desu. The copula is only seen as "na" before a noun and conjugation is otherwise carried out by the copula as normal. The problem is easy.IMABI http://www. People are not always equal. I was not busy. De aru Non-Past Tense Past Tense Negative Tense Negative Past Tense De aru De atta De nai De nakatta Da Da Datta De wa/ja nai De wa/ja nakatta Desu Desu Deshita De wa/ja nai desu De wa/ja nakatta desu Below are some of the most common Keiyoudoushi followed by examples. 真面目な人です。 Majime na hito desu. The information was important.imabijapaneselearningcenter. KEIYOUDOUSHI 形容動詞 Keiyoudoushi are abstract nouns made adjectives with the copula.htm 忙しくはありませんでした。 Isogashiku wa arimasen deshita. 4/7 11/26/2011 6:36 PM . Below is a chart illustrating the tenses in respect to the copula. 組織的で入念な調査を行う。 Soshikiteki de nyuunen na chousa wo okonau. PUTTING ADJECTIVES TOGETHER Using more than one of the same kind causes a change in one of the adjectives (examples 1 and 2). its Ren'youkei is used. To carry out a systematic and scrupulous investigation. This change. there is no problem in listing them as is (example 3).htm He is an idle student. The world is wonderful and interesting. takes the Ren'youkei and the particle -te. 病院は安全です。 Byouin wa anzen desu. Note: In practical usage this is rarely strictly adhered to.imabijapaneselearningcenter. He is a charming and bewitching man. in respect to Keiyoushi. An investigation is systematic and scrupulous. 控え目な顔付きはなかった。 Hikaeme na kaotsuki wa nakatta. The building is dangerous. If only one Keiyoushi or Keiyoudoushi is used. 余分で賢明じゃない論文。 Yobun de kenmei ja nai ronbun. 美しい静かな女。 Utsukushii shizuka na on'na.IMABI http://www. He didn't have a modest expression. 調査は組織的で入念です。 Chousa wa soshiteki de nyuunen desu. 風が強くて寒い日。 Kaze ga tsuyokute samui hi. A beautiful quiet woman.Lesson 11 .com/lesson11. 彼は魅力的で妖艶な男だ。 Kare wa miryokuteki de youen na otoko da. A cold day where the wind is strong. 汚くて赤い靴を履く。 5/7 11/26/2011 6:36 PM . 建物は危険です。 Tatemono wa kiken desu. 世界は素晴らしくて、面白い。 Sekai wa subarashikute. An unwise thesis that is redundant. omoshiroi. As for Keiyoudoushi. Below are some more examples. The hospital is safe. IMABI http://www. How do you change a Keiyoushi into plain past tense? 2. Give an example of a Keiyoudoushi with all of the conjugations discussed in this lesson.com/lesson11. 新しい Atarashii 狭い Semai 粘っこい Nebakkoi 4. and polite negative past for a Keiyoushi. Give the bases for Keiyoushi. 6. Give the polite negative. THE RANDOM WORD BANK (10) Picture Sin Star Friend Voice 絵 罪 星 友達 声 E Tsumi Hoshi Tomodachi Koe God Egg Lie Park Clothes 神 卵 嘘 公園 服 Kami Tamago Uso Kouen Fuku Members Area Sign In or Register Recent Blog Entries Jinmeiyou Kanji II by IMABI | 0 comments Jinmeiyou Kanji 1 by IMABI | 0 comments Difficult Kanji II by IMABI | 0 comments Difficult Kanji by IMABI | 1 comment Tweet 6/7 11/26/2011 6:36 PM .imabijapaneselearningcenter. Conjugate the following Keiyoushi into the plain past and negative tenses. negative past.Lesson 11 . What is the plain negative conjugations for the copula? 7. What gives tense for Keiyoudoushi? 8. 9. Create a sentence using both a Keiyoushi and Keiyoudoushi. What is so special about ii/yoi? 5.htm Kitanakute akai kutsu wo haku. 10. To wear dirty red shoes. How do you change a Keiyoushi into plain negative tense? 3. EXERCISES 1. Lesson 11 . Copy and paste allowed.com/lesson11.IMABI http://www.imabijapaneselearningcenter.htm 9 Share Word of the Day 11/26/11: 旱 ひでり ＝ Dry weather Upcoming Events No upcoming events Copyright 2011. Contact me to ask questions Contact 7/7 11/26/2011 6:36 PM .