les_01_core

Core Concepts and Tools of the Oracle Database1 Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Objectives After completing this lesson, you should be able to: • Describe the core concepts of the Oracle Database architecture with Automatic Storage Management (ASM) • Use configuration and management DBA tools • Describe the technical course environment 1-2 Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. Naming the Core Components of an Oracle Database Server Instance PGA Server process Memory Structures (System Global Area) Server Connection Process Structures User process Client Database (Storage Structures) 1-3 Copyright © 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved. .Oracle Database Server Architecture Overview Instance PGA Server process Memory structures (System Global Area) Server Connection Process structures User process Session Client Database (storage structures) 1-4 Copyright © 2009. Oracle. All rights reserved. .Notes: Oracle Database Server Architecture Overview 1-5 Copyright © 2009. Oracle. All rights reserved. Instance-Database Configurations Nonclustered system Clustered system I1 I2 I1 I2 I3 D1 D2 Local storage D Shared storage 1-6 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved. Oracle. . Streams pool Space . All rights reserved. Oracle.Naming the Memory Structures of an Oracle Database Program Global Area (PGA) Assign these names: Server process Shared pool User Global Area KEEP buffer pool Recycle buffer pool nK buffer cache Redo log Large pool buffer Database buffer cache Java pool Stack System Global Area (SGA) 1-7 Copyright © 2009. Oracle. .Oracle Database Memory Structures Program Global Area (PGA) Stack Space Server process 1 User Global Area Server process 2 PGA Stack Space User Global Area Shared pool Database buffer cache Redo log buffer KEEP buffer pool Recycle buffer pool nK buffer cache Large pool Java pool Streams pool System Global Area (SGA) 1-8 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved. 1-9 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved. . Oracle. Oracle. .Process Architecture • User process – Is the application or tool that connects to the Oracle Database • Database processes – Server process: Connects to the Oracle instance and is started when a user establishes a session – Background processes: Are started when an Oracle instance is started • Daemon/Application processes – Networking listeners – Grid Infrastructure daemons 1 . All rights reserved.10 Copyright © 2009. Process Structures Instances (ASM and Database separate) System Global Area (SGA) PGA Server process Background processes Required: Optional: DBWn ARCn CKPT ASMB LGWR RBAL SMON Others PMON RECO Listener Grid Infrastructure Processes (ASM and Oracle Restart) User process ohasd orarootagent ocssd oraagent diskmon cssdagent 1 . Oracle. All rights reserved.11 Copyright © 2009. . All rights reserved. Oracle.1 . .12 Copyright © 2009. 5. The ______process resolves in-doubt distributed transactions. The ______process writes checkpoint information in the control file and each data file header. .13 A. 4. The ______process writes the dirty buffers to the data files. 1 .Adding Process Names 1. Database writer process (DBWn) Copyright © 2009. Recoverer process (RECO) D. Log writer process (LGWR) E. All rights reserved. The ______processes copy redo log files to a designated storage device. Oracle. Archiver processes (ARCn) F. The ______process performs process recovery when a user process fails. 2. The ______process writes the redo entries to the online redo log files. 3. The ______process performs recovery on instance startup. 6. Checkpoint process (CKPT) B. 7. System monitor process (SMON) C. Process monitor process (PMON) G. All rights reserved. h1:35:respawn:/etc/init..14 Copyright © 2009.d/init.bin cssdagent ocssd. Operating System Grid Infrastructure Grid Infrastructure Init Daemon Wrapper Script Daemons and Processes init init. .bin oraagent. # cat /etc/inittab .Process Startup Sequence • Oracle Grid Infrastructure is started by the OS init daemon.bin ASM instance Listener DB instance User-defined applications • Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation modifies the /etc/inittab file to ensure startup every time the machine is started in the corresponding run level.bin diskmon.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null 1 . Oracle.ohasd (root) ohasd.bin orarootagent. 15 Alert log and trace files Copyright © 2009. . Oracle.Database Storage Architecture Control files Data files Online redo log files Parameter file Backup files Archived redo log files Password file 1 . All rights reserved. Oracle. .1 . All rights reserved.16 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved. Oracle.Logical and Physical Database Structures Logical Database Physical Tablespace Data file Segment Storage system Extent • SAN • NAS • NFS • ASM Oracle data block • Exadata • RAW • File system 1 .17 Copyright © 2009. . All rights reserved.1 .18 Copyright © 2009. Oracle. . Automatic Storage Management • • • • • • Is a portable and high-performance cluster file system Oracle Application Manages Oracle database files Database Manages application files with ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) ASM Cluster File Spreads data across disks ASM System Files for to balance load Oracle ASM Dynamic Mirrors data in case of failures Database Volume Manager Solves storage-management Automatic Storage Management challenges Operating system 1 . All rights reserved.19 Copyright © 2009. Oracle. . .20 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved.ASM Storage Components ASM Oracle Database Data file ASM file ASM disk group ASM extent File system or Raw device ASM allocation Unit ASM disk 1 . Oracle. 21 Copyright © 2009. System Global Area (SGA) – memory Shared pool Large pool ASM cache Free memory Processes – CPU components RBAL MARK ARBn GMON Onnn PZ9n Other misc. Oracle. .ASM Instance The ASM Instance is the process and memory components for ASM. All rights reserved. processes ASM instance 1 . All rights reserved. . Oracle.1 .22 Copyright © 2009. .23 Copyright © 2009.DBA Configuration Tools Setting up the technical environment for this course included the following tasks and tools: • Installing and configuring the Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a stand-alone server with the OUI. 1 . All rights reserved. including: – Configuring a listener – Creating an ASM instance (+ASM) and configuring the +DATA disk group – Configuring Oracle Restart • Creating and configuring additional ASM disk groups (such as +FRA) with asmca • Installing the Oracle Database 11g software with OUI • Creating the orcl Oracle database with dbca Note: These tasks have already been performed for you. Oracle. .Notes: DBA Configuration Tools 1 . Oracle.24 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved. Oracle.25 Copyright © 2009.Management Framework and Related DBA Tools The Oracle database management framework includes: • Database instance • Listener • Management interface: Related tools and commands include: SQL*Plus: SQL> startup SQL> shutdown immediate Listener Control utility: – Management agent (when $ lsnrctl status using Grid Control) – Database Control Enterprise Manager Control utility: $ emctl status dbconsole $ emctl start dbconsole $ emctl stop dbconsole 1 . All rights reserved. . Facilitating Database Management with Oracle Restart • • • • Restarting Oracle components when the host computer restarts or after hardware or software failure Monitoring components and restarting them. if needed For single-instance environments Considering component dependencies: – Mounting disk groups and starting the ASM instance before starting the database instance – Soft dependency between the database instance and the listener • • Starting Oracle Restart with the crsctl utility Managing Oracle Restart components with the srvctl utility $ srvctl stop database –d orcl –o abort 1 . All rights reserved. Oracle. .26 Copyright © 2009. Notes: Facilitating Database Management with Oracle Restart 1 . All rights reserved. Oracle. .27 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved. .Quiz Oracle Restart is installed and configured as part of an Oracle Grid Infrastructure for stand-alone server installation. 1.28 Copyright © 2009. True 2. False 1 . Oracle. 29 Copyright © 2009. .Summary In this lesson. All rights reserved. Oracle. you should have learned how to: • Describe the core concepts of the Oracle Database architecture with ASM • Determine which DBA configuration and management tools to use for which task • Describe the technical course environment orcl +asm DATA FRA Enterprise Manager Command line 1 . . Oracle.1 .30 Copyright © 2009. All rights reserved.