Leading the Lte Iot Evolution to Connect the Massive Internet of Things

Leading the LTE IoTevolution to connect the massive Internet of Things Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. June, 2017 We are at the heart of the IoT ecosystem Delivering heterogeneous connectivity powered by global standards Powerline Cellular Bluetooth Creating a connectivity Wi-Fi fabric for everything To support the wide range of IoT use cases with varying requirements 15.4 GNSS / Location NFC 2 Cellular technologies enable a wide range of IoT services Bringing significant value for LPWA use cases over non-3GPP solutions 1 Smart cities Connected building 5B Mobile health Connected industrial > Smart utilities IoT connections Connected retail by 2025 2 Environmental monitoring Asset tracking Always-available, Mature, interoperable Scalable Seamless coexistence High reliability and ubiquitous connectivity global ecosystem performance of different services proven security 3 LTE today provides a scalable IoT connectivity platform Scaling up in performance and mobility Scaling down in complexity and power IoT gateways Connected cars Industrial Wearables Vending Parking Sensors Utility Agriculture handhelds machines meters meters monitors Surveillance cameras Smartphones Digital signage Asset trackers Health monitors Security systems Industrial City Lighting / HVAC sensors infrastructures controllers LTE Cat-1 and above eMTC Cat-M1 NB-IoT Cat-NB1 1 2 Delivering scalable performance Optimizing for the broadest range of Providing extreme optimizations for low and seamless mobility for high- IoT applications with high-reliability and cost/power, low-throughput, delay-tolerant performance IoT use cases lower latencies IoT use cases 1. Enhanced machine-type communication; 2. Narrowband IoT 4 Ubiquitous connectivity Ultra energy efficiency To reach challenging locations by To realize10+ year device battery life 2 achieving device link budget of 164 dB 1 and 100x network energy efficiency 3 Evolving Massive scale LTE IoT Extreme simplicity To efficiently support dense for the massive To allow scaling to the lowest-end use connections of 1+ million devices/km cases with e.g. single Rx antenna Internet of Things 2 Addressing the growing needs of low-power. wide-area IoT use cases 5 .. also suitable LTE IoT leverages existing LTE infrastructure & coexist with other for high-performance IoT. 2. 3GPP also defining new 5G core network that will support continued eMTC and NB-IoT evolution 6 . low-latency communications. while LTE IoT address the massive IoT services such as Gigabit LTE — the anchor to the 5G experience 1.LTE IoT starts to connect the massive IoT today Complemented with early 5G NR eMBB deployments starting in 2019 LTE RAN 5G Enhanced mobile broadband Ubiquitous coverage NR (Rel-15) Mission-critical services with URLLC1 LTE EPC LTE Enables accelerated IoT Continued evolution for the massive IoT 5G NR deployments2 (Rel-13+) 5G NR RAN Starting in 2019 Migration to NB-IoT with 2G /GPRS re-farmed GSM spectrum Complementary use cases Leveraging LTE’s global footprint & coverage 5G NR Rel-15 focuses on enhanced mobile broadband. Ultra-reliable. Feb. 2017 • Announced 1st multi-mode trial with Mobike & China Mobile. Inc. May 2017 • Global multi-mode solution—single SKU MDM9206 • Cat-M1 modules commercially available today Flexible LTE IoT chipset platform • Over-the-air software upgrade to Cat-NB1 support for Cat-M1 / Cat-NB1 / E-GPRS • Pre-certified for major global mobile operators MDM9206 is a product of Qualcomm Technologies. 7 .We are driving broad ecosystem adoption of LTE IoT Addressing a wide range of applications and enabling global deployments Commercial LTE IoT devices • Multiple design wins across leading module OEMs & operators • Announced support for Verizon ThingSpace Platform. Jan. 2017 • Demonstrated LTE IoT VoLTE call with Ericsson & AT&T. 2. and multi-hop mesh (Rel-8+) Reduced complexity Single-cell multicast TDD support Lower power Device positioning Higher spectral efficiency Deeper coverage Higher data rates Early data transmission 5G NR-based IoT Higher density VoLTE improvements Wake-up radio eMTC FeMTC eFeMTC NB-IoT eNB-IoT FeNB-IoT eMTC/NB-IoT in unlicensed spectrum2 based on 3GPP for MulteFire™ Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16+ 1. September.2083-0.Broaden use cases and expand into unlicensed spectrum LTE IoT evolving to meet tomorrow’s massive IoT needs – essential to 5G Platform1 LTE Cat-1 Future advanced enhancements such as non-orthogonal access. will be submitted with 5G NR to meet IMT-2020 requirements per defined in ITU Recommendation ITU-R M. and above grant-less access. Standardization in MulteFire Alliance 8 . 2015. LTE IoT. part of LTE Advanced Pro. also for LTE-TDD.1 eMTC For the broadest range of IoT use cases MulteFire 1.5 GHz1 5 GHz2 (Regional) (Regionally) (Global) (USA) (Global) MulteFire™ 1. Available bandwidth is regionally dependent.9 GHz 2.5 GHz is a shared spectrum band.1 NB-IoT For low-power.LTE IoT in unlicensed spectrum enables new use cases Such as dedicated private networks for optimized IoT services Narrower spectrum but wider coverage Wider spectrum but more local coverage 2 ~500MHz 150MHz 2 ~80MHz 400/800/900 MHz 1. ~80 MHz in 2. e.4 GHz 3.g. 2. wide-area (LPWA) IoT use cases 1.0 For mobile broadband and high-performance IoT MulteFire 1.. CBRS 3.4 GHz & 500 MHz in 5 GHz for the US 9 . Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum.g. non-orthogonal. protected reference signals. Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency 10 . contention-based access • For low-power devices with challenging placements • For sporadic uplink of small data bursts common for IoT • Especially uplink data relayed via nearby devices • Further increases device density and network efficiency • Expands on LTE Device-to-Device (D2D) 1.Pioneering tomorrow’s massive IoT technologies Applies to LTE IoT and 5G NR-based IoT evolution — potential for 3GPP Rel-16 Grant-free uplink Mesh networking Resource Spread Multiple Access (RSMA) Multi-hop mesh with WAN management Frequency Direct access on licensed spectrum Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned with uplink licensed spectrum1 Time • Asynchronous. e. CT3. eDRx. RAN4. Radio access network RAN3. SA4. positioning. RAN2.. e. SA6.g. RAN5. standardization of LTE-U. eLAA. lightweight core. SA2. LAA. SA3. CT1.g. CT4 RAN1. User equipment SA2. SA3. RAN2. private IoT networks SA1. RAN4 RAN1..Extending the mobile ecosystem requires system leadership Driving system-level inventions into multiple 3GPP working groups LTE IoT Unlicensed spectrum 3GPP Working Groups Led the harmonization of NB-IoT & First introduced concept & drove drove upper layer enhancements. CP leading study of standalone unlicensed optimization. CT6 11 . Core network CT1. multicast for e. Leading the LTE IoT evolution to connect the massive IoT LTE Cat-1 LTE IoT starts to connect and above the massive IoT today (Rel-8+) Complemented with early 5G NR eMBB deployments 5G NR-based IoT (Rel-16+) Continued LTE IoT evolution is broadening use cases A rich technology roadmap for eMTC (Rel-13+) tomorrow’s massive IoT and expansion into unlicensed spectrum NB-IoT (Rel-13+) Essential to We are driving broad eMTC/NB-IoT in unlicensed spectrum (MulteFire) the 5G ecosystem adoption of LTE IoT Platform Strong global momentum with our multi-mode commercial solution Migration to NB-IoT with re-farmed GSM spectrum 12 . Continued LTE IoT evolution is broadening use cases A rich technology roadmap for tomorrow’s massive IoT and expansion into unlicensed spectrum . positioning. overload control. more HARQ’s transmission overhead optimization NB-IoT MulteFire Alliance standardization Additional MulteFire capabilities Adapts LTE IoT for unlicensed spectrum to Leverages further LTE IoT enhancements broaden IoT capabilities..LTE IoT evolution builds on a shared foundation Also expanding into unlicensed spectrum for new use cases Operation in licensed spectrum only Release 13 Release 14 Release 15+ eMTC Shared foundation More shared improvements Further shared enhancements Such as single Rx. half-duplex. for private networks standardized by 3GPP Operation in unlicensed spectrum 14 .g. Such as multicast. PSM. larger transport block. Such as wake-up radio and early data eDRx. e. TTI bundling. 15 . extended DRX redundant transmissions control. e.. eDRx. TTI bundling. overload core network complexity signaling. to support a large reductions (eDRx) sleep cycles and more number of devices per cell Shared eMTC and NB-IoT foundation Such as single Rx antenna. half-duplex. PSM. overhead optimizations.Delivering new efficiencies for the massive IoT Extreme Ultra energy Ubiquitous Massive simplicity efficiency coverage scale Reducing complexity Lowering power consumption Deepening coverage Increasing device density Narrowband operation (down to Enhanced power save modes Up to 20 dB link budget increase Signaling & network 180 kHz) plus further device and (PSM) and more efficient for hard-to-reach locations via optimizations.g. etc. e. overload control.g.. 3.4 MHz 200 kHz Rx antenna Dual Rx Single Rx Single Rx 1 Duplex mode Full duplex Full or Half duplex Half duplex FDD/TDD FDD/TDD FDD Mobility Full mobility Limited-to-full mobility Cell reselection only Voice VoLTE VoLTE No voice support Transmit power 23 dBm 23. ~300 kbps in half-duplex mode. Single Rx added in Rel-14.Reducing complexity: start supporting narrowband operation To enable low-cost modules optimized for small. 20 dBm 23. Integrated PA possible 16 . infrequent data transmissions LTE Cat-1 eMTC Cat-M1 NB-IoT Cat-NB1 (Rel-8) (Rel-13) (Rel-13) Peak data rate Up to 10 Mbps Up to 1 Mbps <100 kbps 2 Bandwidth Up to 20 MHz 1. 2. Full duplex mode. 20 dBm 3 3 Reduces baseband/RF complexity and decreases memory 1. g. may also be applied to LTE Cat-1 and above 1.. Idle Idle e. environmental monitoring Time Data transfer Power consumption Extended DRx Up to 40+ minutes vs.56 seconds Extends time between monitoring for network messages for device-terminated applications. faster RRC release. allowing devices wake up on a per-need basis Data transfer Data transfer Power consumption Page Page Power save mode (PSM) monitoring PSM monitoring Eliminates page monitoring between data transmissions Device not reachable for device-originated or scheduled applications. object tracking. smart metering. smart grid Time Also features such as reduced complexity and overhead optimizations extend battery life 1 Note: PSM and eDRx applicable to both eMTC & NB-IoT. e.g.. data transmission during random access. and more 17 .Lowering power: achieve 10+ year device battery life For eMTC and NB-IoT. relaxed monitoring for cell reselection. today’s upper limit Extended discontinuous receive (eDRx) of 2. Rel-13 includes less channel measurements. Rel-15 includes semi-persistent scheduling. e..g. Quadrature Phase Shift Keying 18 . 3. 4.7 dB 1 >155. QPSK4 • Single-tone UL transmissions eMTC and NB-IoT enhancements • Repetitive transmissions • TTI bundling 3 LTE Cat-1 and above eMTC Cat-M1 NB-IoT Cat-NB1 Baseline 140. Link budget.. 2. e. Transmission Time Interval.Deepening coverage: provide ubiquitous IoT connectivity To reach the most challenging locations. At least for standalone operation mode. penetrating more walls and floors NB-IoT enhancements • Further relaxed timing requirements • Lower-order modulation.7 dB 164 dB or better 2 Trading off spectral efficiency and latency 1.g. .g.g. limited mobility..Increasing density: optimize for better network efficiency MME S-GW P-GW More efficient Simplified core network Enhanced resource signaling (EPC-lite) management To support a larger number of devices per cell Reduced functionality. and improved load management integrate network functions into a single entity e. optional optimizations that of devices to share the same subscription. no/optional voice. e. Such as optimizations to allow a large set with new features such as group-based paging. messaging. all the water meters in a city 19 . Center 6 Resource Blocks.g.Coexist with today’s mobile broadband services Flexible deployments in FDD & TDD . re-farming spectrum currently across entire LTE band normal LTE carrier guard-band used by 2G/GPRS Easy migration to NB-IoT with re-farmed 2G/GPRS spectrum 1. 20 . Resource Block. data channel operates (180 kHz) within a blocks within a LTE carrier’s e. 2. leveraging existing infrastructure and spectrum 1 In-band Guard-band Standalone eMTC NB-IoT NB-IoT NB-IoT NB-IoT 2G/GPRS Regular Regular LTE Data LTE Data Guard-band Guard-band eMTC reuses LTE sync.2 NB-IoT utilizes1 RB 3 Utilizing unused resource Utilizing standalone 200 kHz carrier.. NB-IoT support in TDD proposed in Rel-15. 3. Also relaxed monitoring for cell reselection.. Rel-15 feature. lower transmit power proposed for eFeMTC in Rel-15.g. eNB-IoT increases TBS and HARQ process. 2. 21 . Improved load control with 5 MHz. 3. 4. e.g.. FeMTC adds support for 5 MHz. and more3 level-based access class barring Cell size extension2 TDD support2 NB-IoT Additional cyclic prefixes to support For deployment in higher TDD bands. more HARQ processes. larger TBS. also cell radius of at least 100km further optimizing for small cells Release 14 and 15 enhancements 1. 5. asset tracking and eCall monitoring4 and lower transmit power classes5 NB-IoT Higher data rate1 Higher density support2 Supporting wider bandwidth. eNB-IoT adds 14 dBm in Rel-14. early data transmission2 eMTC Device positioning1 Energy reduction and Providing location services Wake-up radio for low-power channel for e. quicker RRC release in Rel-15.A rich roadmap of enhancements in 3GPP Rel-14 & 15 Enhancing VoLTE1 Better mobility eMTC For wearables to more efficiently Full support for inter-frequency measurements1 handle voice in half-duplex mode and higher velocity in extended coverage2 Single-cell multicast1 Lower latency Efficient OTA firmware update for More HARQ processes1. Rel-14 feature. faster system large number of devices acquisition2. semi-persistent scheduling. DL ~600 kbps Cat-M1 • Peak rate : DL ~300 kbps. and efficiency optimizations Rel-13 Rel -14 Rel -15+ • 5 MHz carrier bandwidth eMTC evolution • Peak rate1: DL ~2. HARQ’s from 8 to 10. increase UL TBS to 2984b from 1000b. UL ~2. Increase DL/UL TBS from 600/1000b to 2536b. UL ~160 kbps Cat-NB2 • Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast • Energy/latency optimizations eNB-IoT • 200 kHz carrier bandwidth • Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast Cat-NB1 • Peak rate: DL ~20 kbps. HARQ’s from 1 to 2. 2.4 Mbps. & ACK bundling.4 MHz carrier bandwidth • Increase peak rate3: UL ~1 Mbps. new capabilities. Half-duplex.6 Mbps Cat-M2 • Enhanced mobility and half-duplex voice • Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast • 1. Half-duplex. UL~375 kbps 2 • Enhanced mobility and half-duplex voice • Supporting limited-to-full mobility. UL ~60 kbps • Energy/latency optimizations • Supporting cell re-selection only 1. Based on 4008b UL/DL TBS. 22 . 3. New device categories to address broader IoT use cases Evolving to deliver faster peak rates. 10 HARQ’s & ACK bundling. VoLTE • Supporting positioning and single-cell multicast Potential for additional LTE IoT device categories NB-IoT evolution • Peak rate4: DL ~120 kbps. 4. Positioning reference signal.qualcomm. 3. 2. Non-line-of-sight. adapted for LTE IoT in Rel-14 Computing eNodeB C Key enabler for new use cases location Such as asset tracking and eCall services that require always-available device locations Location server Complements satellite positioning in core network To provide location services in challenging NLOS 2 settings. connected and idle mode for eMTC. Idle mode only for NB-IoT. 23 .Enabling IoT device positioning with OTDOA 1 First introduced in Rel-9 for LTE.com/documents/ otdoa-positioning-3gpp-lte 1. such dense urban or inside buildings Optimized for LTE IoT 3 Utilizing a narrower bandwidth PRS with 4 higher repetition factors that extends range eNodeB A eNodeB B Download Qualcomm Technologies whitepaper for more information: https://www. OTDOA: Observed Time Difference of Arrival. 4. g.g. firmware upgrade) Coexisting with LTE unicast services Easy firmware upgrades Longer battery life More capacity 24 .Efficiently communicating with IoT devices using multicast Extending SC-PTM defined in Rel-13 to LTE IoT in Rel-14 1 eMTC NB-IoT Single-cell multicast Single-cell multicast (e. group messaging) (e... .g. MulteFire) 1.Small cells bring many benefits for the IoT Supported by LTE IoT today with further enhancements proposed in Rel-15 1 Venues Industrial Residential Enterprise / Buildings Cities Improved coverage Longer battery life More deployment options Bringing the network closer for Allowing devices to reduce uplink Leveraging neutral hosts to provide deeper reach indoors and more transmit power. With new eNB classes and support for CSG (Closed Subscribers Group) 25 . minimizing overall IoT connectivity in shared/unlicensed reliable connectivity power consumption spectrum (e. e.Private LTE networks offers key benefits for Industrial IoT Leveraging readily available unlicensed spectrum (or part of licensed spectrum) Local Optimized Scalable performance Dedicated radio equipment. quality-of.. Network tailored for industrial From high with wideband LTE independent network. latency narrowband LTE IoT 26 . sensitive applications. Cat-1 and above to low with data stays local service.g. Greater range and efficiency when using licensed spectrum. e. Network time synchronization improves peer-to-peer efficiency 27 . protected reference signals .Support for multi-hop mesh with WAN management Advanced massive IoT design for 3GPP Rel-16+ Direct access on licensed spectrum Mesh on unlicensed or partitioned with uplink licensed spectrum1 Problem: Uplink coverage Solution: Managed uplink mesh 1.g. OFDM-based for but requires spec.Non-orthogonal RSMA for efficient IoT communications Characterized by small data bursts in uplink where signaling overhead is a key issue Grant-free transmission of small data exchanges • Eliminates signaling overhead for assigning dedicated resources • Allows devices to transmit data asynchronously • Capable of supporting full mobility Downlink remains • Technically feasible for LTE IoT. formalization coexistence with other services Increased Scalability to even Better link battery life higher device density budget 28 . We are driving broad ecosystem adoption of LTE IoT Strong global momentum with our multi-mode commercial solution – MDM9206 . 11ad CPU technology 802. Bluetooth Deep learning Bluetooth Mesh Camera processing 802.11ax Sensor processing 802.11ac Audio processing Mobile 802.11n Connectivity GPU Computing drives 802.4 DSP NFC the IoT Video processing 4G/LTE Powerline Display processing GNSS/Location Power Building on our management leadership in Security mobile inventions Secure boot Secure storage Wireless protocol security Key provisioning Hardware crypto Trusted execution environment Secure debug 30 .15. device management..We have an end-to-end platform approach to the IoT For massive scale deployment and quicker time-to-market Simplified device development Simplified application development Simplified deployment/management Reference platforms that include Standardized communication Full-stack IoT solution that provides data hardware & software.g.. and more. pre-certified protocols for interoperability & security. oneM2M e.g. analytics. Verizon ThingSpace 31 . modules & devices e. g. B12-13. B8. e. Cat-M1 only/preferred. B26. B28. Cat-NB1.. MDM9206 delivers a Global narrowband One hardware design Supporting multi-mode for Cat-M1. or Cat-NB1 only/preferred One RF 15 LTE bands that cover virtually all of the world Single SKU for diverse deployment needs (B1-5. solution for the IoT E-GPRS with integrated GNSS and VoLTE One software image Supporting dynamic mode selection with flexible configuration. B39) of carriers / end-users worldwide Highly Fast Futureproof with cost-effective commercialization OTA upgrade 32 . B17-20. Single-mode vs. Cat-NB1 vs.Global multi-mode Cat-M1/NB1 most optimal approach Combining the benefits of both technologies to address full range of use cases Single-mode Multi-mode Global multi-mode Cat-M1 vs. Multi-mode Cost Cost Cost optimization optimization optimization Deployment Power Deployment Power Deployment Power flexibility efficiency flexibility efficiency flexibility efficiency Mobility Coverage Mobility Coverage Mobility Coverage Data rate Data rate Data rate Cat-M1 Cat-NB1 Multi-mode 33 . Improved OEM profitability with global SKU Global multimode offers superior overall device economics Total cost of ownership Time to global launch • Lower R&D and engineering costs • Potentially larger market share • Lower manufacturing overhead • Potentially higher ASPs for longer • Simpler supply chain • Lower inventory management costs De-risk EOL inventory Higher return on R&D • Higher forecasting accuracy • Reduce R&D bottleneck from variant support • Cost-effective SW-based repurposing of unsold inventory • Shift development resources to next-gen innovation 34 . Cat-NB1. Inc. May 2017 • Pre-certified for major global mobile operators that shortens time-to-market MDM9206 is a product of Qualcomm Technologies. E-GPRS • Multiple design wins across leading module OEMs and operators • Announced support for Verizon ThingSpace Platform with modules from Quectel and Telit in Jan. 35 . 2017 • Jointly demonstrated the performance of a successful IoT VoLTE call with Ericsson and AT&T in Feb. 2017 • Announced 1st multi-mode trial with Mobike and China Mobile.Driving broad ecosystem adoption of LTE IoT Enabling global deployments today MDM9206 Flexible LTE IoT chipset platform for Cat-M1. Jan. Orange. KPN. AT&T. Telefonica. Verizon. Bell June 2017. TELUS. NTT DoCoMo. Sprint May 2017. Telstra. Feb.Strong global momentum for LTE IoT – June 2017 status Over 20 mobile operators committed to deploy Cat-M1 and/or Cat-NB1 networks Telia MegaFon TELUS Bell Vodafone Verizon Orange Sprint KPN SFR AT&T China Telecom SK Telecom KT NTT DoCoMo Telefonica Softbank TIM China Mobile KDDI China Unicom LG U+ Etisalat M1 Cat-M1 Cat-NB1 MTN Cat-M1 + Cat-NB1 Telstra Sources: GSA NB-IoT Report Feb. KDDI. Softbank. 2017 36 . 2017. 2017. SFR from GSA 4G Market & Technology Update. SKT. Bringing new levels of HW-based security to IoT devices MDM9206 security foundations Qualcomm Trusted Secure Storage Execution Environment and Key Provisioning Secure Isolates secure and non-secure OTP e-fuse memory for storage Qualcomm® Storage software operations of keys and configurations Trusted Wireless Protocol Security Small code base. with support Hardware Crypto for secure RMA Secure Boot Deters unauthorized code execution Hardware Crypto Tamper resistant root of trust FIPS certifiable cryptographic engines in ROM or e-fuses and HW Keys for more robust and fast encrypt/decrypt operations Qualcomm Trusted Execution Environment and MDM9206 are products of Qualcomm Technologies. DISCLAIMER: Reference to “secure” features and functions do not imply total impenetrability. rigorously reviewed Execution Encrypted storage capable Based on ARM’s TrustZone architecture Environment Key Provisioning of Keys Provisioning Secure Debug Wireless Protocol Security Secure Secure Prevents JTAG debugger connection WAN security and Storage Debug in commercial products and reverse TLS to protect data-in-transit engineering Set by e-fuse. Inc. 37 . Delivering a scalable roadmap across all tiers and segments LTE from gigabit to micro-amp Scaling up in performance and mobility Scaling down in complexity and power X20 LTE X16 Cat-18 LTE X12 Next-gen LTE Gigabit LTE Cat-16 Core Fiber-like X7 Cat-12 LTE experience Redefining mainstream Cat-6 X5 Entry-level MBB LTE 9x07-1 Cat-4 High-end IoT IoT-optimized Cat-1 9206 modems Cost-efficient. extended coverage Note: Showing DL UE categories. 38 . Qualcomm Snapdragon is a product of Qualcomm Technologies. Inc. scalable for IoT Cat-M1/NB1 Ultra-low power. long battery life. low power. com/LTE-IoT 39 .Leading the LTE IoT evolution to connect the massive IoT Learn more at: http://www.qualcomm. com/news/onq BLOG @Qualcomm_tech http://www.slideshare.com/playlist?list=PL8AD95E4F585237C1&feature=plcp http://www. Questions? .qualcomm.youtube.Connect with Us www.qualcomm.com/wireless www.net/qualcommwirelessevolution . qualcomm. .. along with its subsidiaries. as applicable.Thank you Follow us on: For more information. and/or other subsidiaries or business units within the Qualcomm corporate structure. and Qualcomm Trusted Execution Environment are trademarks of Qualcomm Incorporated. Inc. registered in the U nited States and other countries. Inc. operates. visit us at: www. References in this presentation to “Qualcomm” may mean Qualcomm Incorporated. research and development functions. Inc. substantially all of Qualcomm’s engineering. All Rights Reserved. Qualcomm Technologies.com & www. and s ubstantially all of its product and services businesses. Qualcomm Technologies.com/blog Nothing in these materials is an offer to sell any of the components or devices referenced herein. a wholly -owned subsidiary of Qualcomm Incorporated. ©2017 Qualcomm Technologies. Other products and brand names may be trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owner s. Qualcomm Incorporated includes Qualcomm’s licensin g business. and/or its affiliated companies. QCT. QTL. Snapdragon..qualcomm. and the vast majority of its patent portfolio. Qualcomm. including its semiconductor business.