INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY, GHAZIABADA Project Report on LEADERSHIP Under the Guidance of Dr. Bindu Gupta Submitted by:– Manoj Gaikwad 09IT-009 Kartik Satija 09IT-034 Ram Vikas Gunnam 09IT-022 Rajan Roy 09IT-021 Garima Srivastava 09HR-033 Saurabh Aggarwal 09HR-019 1 Contents LEADERSHIP...........................................................................................................1 Contents.....................................................................................................................2 Executive Summary...................................................................................................3 Acknowledgement......................................................................................................4 Introduction................................................................................................................5 Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi - Leader of the Century............................................7 Sourav Ganguly - An Astute Leader with his very own ‘DADAGIRI’!!........................13 Indra Nooyi: The ‘Iron Woman’ of Business..................................................21 Comparison of the three leaders: An Analysis..........................................................27 Discussions and Recommendations.........................................................................30 References...............................................................................................................31 2 Executive Summary In today’s intense competitive environment, Leadership has emerged as one of the most important areas of concern for all organizations. In fact, it has become a differentiating factor between success and failure in both the short and the long run. In the present scenario, it has become quintessential for every organization to work on developing leaders and nurture their skills to ensure long term sustainability and growth. Keeping this is perspective, for our project, we have chosen three different leaders from diverse backgrounds and have performed qualitative analysis on each one of them. The leaders we have chosen are Sourav Ganguly, Mahatma Gandhi and Indra Nooyi. We have primarily focused on the varied qualities and skills of each of these leaders and have highlighted the reasons responsible for their immense success. Also, we have looked into some of their real life instances which portray their vision and their zeal for success. In the end we have objectively compared all the three leaders to effectively understand the common characteristics and qualities that they share and which have been responsible for tremendous success in their respective fields. 3 Bindu Gupta. We would also like to express our heartfelt thanks to all the members of our team as well as our class. First and foremost we would like to thank Dr. 4 . help and encouragement in implementing this project. for providing consistent support. Associate Professor. IMT Ghaziabad for her constant encouragement and incessant support that was critical for the development of this project and without which we would not have been able to complete this project.Acknowledgement We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere indebtedness and sense of gratitude to all those who have contributed greatly towards the successful completion of this project. Introduction Leadership is and has been described as the “process of social influence in which one person can enlists the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task. Apple co-founder Steve Jobs. Ratan Tata of Tata Group. A leader must have the trust of followers and therefore must display integrity. enthusiastic and courageous. A leader does not suffer “analysis paralysis” but is always doing something in pursuit of the vision. articulate the vision. former chairman and CEO of General Electric Co. But it’s not enough to have a vision. Richard Branson(Virgin group CEO). said. leaders must also share it and act upon it. as well as to direct his or her actions and those of the team toward the goal. Hallmarks of great leaders Communication Skills: A leader must be able to communicate his or her vision in terms that cause followers to buy into it. 5 . Margaret Thatcher. as well as a firm grasp on what success looks like and how to achieve it. Azim Premji of Wipro. as passion is contagious. Action is the mark of a leader. He or she must communicate clearly and passionately. Nelson Mandela.. even when it might be expeditious to do so. and an absence of tantrums and harsh outbursts are all signs of integrity. Narayana Murthy of Infosys. Such an individual can be trusted because he or she never veers from inner values. Trait theories of leadership differentiate leaders from non-leaders. vivid picture of where to go. passionately own the vision and relentlessly drive it to completion. Individuals such as Mahatma Gandhi. Honest dealings. A leader with vision has a clear. well-controlled emotions. A leader who is centered in integrity will be more approachable by followers. Discipline: A good leader must have the discipline to work toward his or her vision singlemindedly. inspiring others to do the same. "Good business leaders create a vision. Indra Nooyi of Pepsi and others are recognized as leaders and described in terms such as charismatic. They focus on personal qualities and characteristics. Integrity: Integrity is the integration of outward actions and inner values. A person of integrity is the same on the outside and on the inside. Jack Welch. Leadership is the ability to influence a group towards the achievement of vision or set of goals. predictable reactions. doing whatever it takes to complete the next step toward the vision. A humble leader is not self-effacing but rather tries to elevate everyone. A leader must be assertive to get the desired results. Openness: Openness means being able to listen to new ideas.Dedication: It means spending whatever time or energy is necessary to accomplish the task at hand. even if they do not conform to the usual way of thinking. Creativity: It is the ability to think differently. A leader inspires dedication by example. a good leader takes personal responsibility for failures. Sense of humor: A sense of humor is vital to relieve tension and boredom. Effective leaders know how to use humor to energize followers. When people feel they that are being treated fairly. as well as accept new ways of doing things that someone else thought of. Humility: Leaders with humility recognize that they are no better or worse than other members of the team. Leaders with humility also understand that their status does not make them a god. This sort of reverse magnanimity helps other people feel good about them and draws the team closer together. Conversely. Mahatma Gandhi is a role model for Indian leaders. leaders can show followers that there are no nine-to-five jobs on the team. A leader must check all the facts and hear everyone out before passing judgment. Magnanimity: It means giving credit where it is due.” Fairness: It means dealing with others consistently and justly. To spread the fame and take the blame is a hallmark of effective leadership. Openness builds mutual respect and trust between leaders and followers. and he pursued a “followercentric” leadership role. they reward a leader with loyalty and dedication.. By setting an excellent example. humor fosters good camaraderie. Assertiveness: It is not the same as aggressiveness. only opportunities to achieve something great. And simply put. Good leaders are able to suspend judgment while listening to others’ ideas. Rather. it is the ability to clearly state what one expects so that there will be no misunderstandings. He or she must avoid leaping to conclusions based on incomplete evidence. Humor is a form of power that provides some control over the work environment. Creativity gives leaders the ability to see things that others have not seen and thus lead followers in new directions. A magnanimous leader ensures that credit for successes is spread as widely as possible throughout the company. and it also keeps the team well supplied with new ideas that can further its vision.. as well as to defuse hostility. Along with assertiveness comes the responsibility to clearly understand what followers expect from their leader. 6 . to get outside of the box that constrains solutions. “What if …?” Possibly the worst thing a leader can say is. “I know this is a dumb question . The most important question that a leader can ask is. M. written thousands of years ago. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong. K. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born in Gujarat on October 2nd. and perhaps of the millennium.Leader of the Century An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind - A 'No' uttered from the deepest conviction is better than a 'Yes' merely uttered to please. yet one of his greatest sources of inspiration was the Bhagavad-Gita. 1869. - The weak can never forgive. a writer.Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi . but a man who believed in simple things. he was one of the most successful Leaders of the century. an intellectual and an orator. but he was also deliberate and analytical. Gandhi declared that "Action is my domain". Without doubt he was a very complex man. to avoid trouble. Gandhi was very much a product of his times. He was a politician. He was charismatic. or worse. Gandhi Introduction One of the greatest figures of the twentieth century. Popularly known as Mahatma Gandhi. so it is necessary to study the details 7 . You must be the change you want to see in the world. as consistently noted. he had a rock-solid value system from which all of his activities stemmed. and it was through his consistent application of his vision that he led. "Gandhi" means "grocer" in Gujarati. Vision and Goals His vision of the future was a combination of the spiritual. He clearly felt that the apparent Indian lack of self-respect enabled the British to rule India. and he had a totally interdependent relationship with his followers. he wanted to make major changes at every turn in his life. whose beliefs were influenced by Jainism (a non-violent religious group). Examples are his work to bring fair treatment to people in South Africa. He is a classic example of the Leadership model put forward in "Leadership Truths". Background Gandhi was born into a minor Hindu political family. meaning Father. But he did develop formal tools and methods to become a better Leader over time. he chose causes that were of great importance to his potential followers. Both his father and grandfather was at one time Prime Minister of nearby. and to this day holds a moral beacon for millions more. so he felt that Indians should take prime responsibility for their own situation. Gandhi learnt his Leadership skills during his years in South Africa. Gandhi spent 21 years in South Africa. and honed them in India. In expressing his vision. Gandhi wanted not only the political independence of India. Of note. 8 . In every case he did not just use philosophical statements or flowery visions. but the spiritual renewal (and independence) of all of India’s people. He was both of those things. small princely States. but also to millions of people around the world. He was naturally charismatic. and who were vegetarian. Practically. That is. meaning great soul. Gandhi did his law from London. The start point is also the end – he was called both "Mahatma". Gandhi touched the hearts of millions. Thus. the moral and the practical. not only to his native India. and "Bapu". but he laid out concrete objectives which people could buy into and then act upon. the repealing the Salt Tax and Indian Independence itself. After a small stint in law practice in London and then back at home in India he went to South Africa.of his life to begin to form a clear picture of his Leadership. and brought alive his vision of what success would look like. He suffered other racial indignities in those early months. His speech used to inspire people and masses. When Gandhi was in South Africa. He was the one who ignited the minds of thousands of Indians. where he was asked to leave the First Class compartment of a train by a European. So he decided to change the game in a fundamentally different way. he launched his protests in a suit and a tie. Unlike other Indians in South Africa Gandhi didn’t took this injustice and racial discrimination for granted and decided to fight against it. Gandhi's leadership style is being termed as 'follower-centric' and one that took into account existing conditions before determining the strategy. He broke tradition. inspired women and men in the country to fight under a unifying goal. he inculcated self belief among them and made them stand for their right. Gandhi advocated having leadership styles that were dependent on the circumstances. Communication Skills Mahatma Gandhi was a great orator. few shared all. Follower Centric leadership Mahatma Gandhi's example is a perfect case of adopting styles to suit the local culture. He unleashed the power of ordinary people. he thought of khadi and launched non-violent protests on a greater scale. Resource constraint did not bother him. We will return to these thoughts as we analyze Gandhi’s Leadership. He understood that you cannot fight the British with force. He would always participated in talks with different parties. But when he came back to India.Gandhi’s goal was none other than the complete transformation of India and its people. Despite having the right ticket. That was the motivation. He represented congress in Round table conference held in London. 9 . he was forcibly removed from the train. He aimed at a common agenda: Poorna Swaraj. Gandhi as a creative leader Gandhi reinvented the rules of the game to deal with a situation where all the available existing methods had failed. Courage A critical event in his life was one week into his stay there. Whilst many of his later political colleagues shared some of these ideals. showman and a charismatic leader. to reach the coast at Dandi. in his view. and the march from that point was on the firmest moral ground. and thus the broader Human Rights concerns and activities of today. on April 6th. From a practical viewpoint. He knew he had to create an event to make an impact and so he took his followers on a march that stirred popular imagination of the time. Gandhi directly influenced the American Civil Rights movement. departing from Sabarmati Ashram. and the internal bureaucratization 10 . Charismatic leader Mahatma Gandhi was a charismatic leader in its own sense. Gandhi possessed with him qualities of true leader such as. Gandhi was 60 years old when he symbolically picked up salt on the beach. On the positive side. He had a total understanding of the human psychology and used it along with his public relation skills. For instance. Gandhi called for "personal purity". He had an amazing public relations network and a very good relationship with the press media. He started with 78 followers. his focus on "Swadeshi" formed the core of India’s industrial policy. but he was not put on public trial.In 1915. it is clear that the lack of Indian openness to the world economy. Unfortunately the Salt Tax was not abolished until October 1946. taking into account the Dandi march.from March 12th. Influencer Gandhi’s effect on the world was and still is immense. If Gandhi had gone there quietly. Yet. His leadership was unquestioned and followers accepted him whole heartedly. berating his supporters for being overzealous in using the resources of villages on the way in supporting the marchers. It took 24 days and 241 miles to complete the march . He also gave to the world a way of thinking about and acting upon value systems that profoundly influenced such important figures as Martin Luther King and Malcolm X. and equality between marcher and suffering populace. during Nehru's interim Government. They had complete trust in him and obeyed his commands. he was a wonderful strategist. it would just not have made an impact and no one would have known about this incident. Gandhi made one of the most moving speeches of his life. He and thousands of others were arrested. he helped create the world’s largest democracy. and broke the law. He succeeded. and that did deliver some real successes under Nehru’s Leadership. he during the early days of the march. and ended with thousands. Leading from front In August. the global media and the world. his speech on the Salt March. It could be seen as a minor issue in the grand scheme of the fight for Independence. it is worth noting that his apparent fearlessness and disregard for himself was in itself a powerful energizing force and a great problem for his opponents. the Salt March caught the imagination of the Nation. who should have disliked his boycott on their products. as it had been a long-standing source of discontent. and galvanizing his Followers back onto the right course. 11 . How much one can apportion "blame" to Gandhi is moot. and there is no rioting.of Indian systems have held back that country over time. to write: "In the Punjab. From a "story telling" viewpoint. The only decoration on the walls of his room at the Ashram was a crucifixion. almost angrily denouncing the overzealous use of scarce rural resources for the benefit of the marchers was a classic case of his speaking from his values. In Bengal. and which would have the maximum chance of touching everyone. with no fear for his own safety. Gandhi started a "fast until his death" to stop the incredible Hindu versus Muslim violence in Calcutta.” . with two of his most powerful energizing tools. He took the philosophy he espoused and turned it into visual representations of his "story". as certainly those that followed him share the responsibility. Gandhi’s humility and obvious care for his opponents as equally as his followers. His success prompted Mountbatten. meant that virtually everyone Gandhi met had an emotional response to the man and his actions. In fact. struck a significant cord. Single handedly. the month of Independence. from the white dhoti ("cleanliness and humility") to only wearing sandals made of leather from cows that died naturally. and why he hoped the mill workers would not suffer. His obviously truthful and heart felt explanation. he stopped slaughter at partition in Bengal.Lord Mountbatten Energetic Gandhi had a knack of choosing causes which would have maximum impact. we have 55 thousand soldiers and large scale rioting on our hands. He fasted without fear. Witness the Lancashire mill workers in England. Many members of Congress were skeptical of overly focusing on the Salt tax issue. Yet. These symbols clearly provided a consistency to the energizing process he consciously used. Gandhi also chose his personal symbols well. and he met the "combatants" face to face. a firm supporter of Gandhi. both of why he was doing what he was doing. our forces consist of one man. He is the inspiration for many in today’s generation.K Gandhi the Farther of India. the Mahatma or Babuji as we loving call him revolionalized the people of his country and the world. well accepted all over the world. Even films which are based on his ideology are 12 .Conclusion M. They were found helpless before him. As a leader he is the greatest of this century. He won the war for country using the tool of non violence. He chooses to work and dedicate his life for the freedom of his country and nothing could stop him form doing so. The mighty British Empire didn’t have any counter weapon against the Satyagragh movement that he started. Sourav Ganguly . It wasn't as if no one expected this to happen. where we need to rise from the ashes again and again. A world which wants us to win. the entire nation stood in disbelief. a world which wants us to be more determined to achieve our goals in life. but when it did none could believe it had actually happened. Sourav Ganguly. a world in which we cannot survive if we do not possess the ‘never-say-die’ attitude. I salute 13 .An Astute Leader with his very own ‘DADAGIRI’!! Introduction: This is world which demands aggression. right from the beginning of his career demonstrated his never-to-die-down attitude as his 12 years of cricket was not at all smooth to say the least. where we need to stamp our authority in our respective fields. In short we need to possess all the attributes which Sourav Ganguly displayed as a true leader. When Sourav Ganguly announced his retirement bidding farewell to cricket after 12 glorious years. He did have patches in his own performances but what are deeply admirable are his unparalleled leadership skills. where several of his teammates complained against what they perceived to be his arrogance.000 runs to his credit. Following an innings of 171 in the 1995–96 Duleep Trophy. and he would often watch cricket videos. International Career The Beginning: Following a prolific Ranji season in 1990-91. and captain of the Indian national team. However. Despite his ODI success. but was omitted from the team for the first Test.the way he molded a once subdued and demotivated Indian team into a bunch of aggressive and in-the-face go-getters. an accomplished left-handed batsman for Bengal. He was a prolific One Day International batsman with over 11. An indoor multi-gym and concrete wicket was built at home for him and his brother. especially those of David Gower. after Navjot Sidhu left the touring party citing ill-treatment by the then captain Mohammed Azharuddin. He scored a century. he was inspired to do so by his brother Snehasish Ganguly. Ganguly announced that the Test series against Australia would be his last. scoring heavily in the 1993–94 and 1994–95 seasons. He toiled away in domestic cricket. he batted lefthanded so that he could use his brother's equipment. Though he was asked to concentrate on his studies and not to play cricket. Till date he is India’s most successful Test captain. Early Life The youngest son of Chandidas and Nirupa Ganguly. whom he admired. In the next Test match at 14 . winning 21 tests out of 49 tests he captained and leading India into the 2003 World Cup finals. made his Test debut at Lord's alongside Rahul Dravid. He had a luxurious childhood and was nicknamed the Maharaja. After he showed some promise as a batsman. He was dropped immediately since he was perceived to be "arrogant" and his attitude towards the game was openly questioned. Who is Sourav Ganguly? Sourav Ganguly. he was made captain of St Xavier's School's cricket team. He played in one ODI. His father ran a flourishing print business and was one of the richest men in Kolkata. becoming only the third cricketer to score a century on debut at Lord's. but his 131 still remains the highest by any batsman on his debut at Lord's. is a former Indian test cricketer. Though he was actually right-handed. he was enrolled in a cricket academy. born on 8th July 1972. he was recalled to the national side for the tour of England in 1996 amidst intense media scrutiny. Ganguly played his last first-class match on 21 December 2008. Ganguly made his One Day International debut for India against West Indies in 1992. his test place was often lost to younger players towards the later stages of his career. and scored three runs. After he scored a century against the Orissa U-15 side. On October 7 2008. 212 runs in tests with 22 and 16 centuries respectively. with India needing one wicket to secure a victory. Ganguly scored his maiden double century of his career while playing against Pakistan in the first innings of the third and final Test match of the series. Finally after India's poor batting display in the ICC Champions Trophy 2006 and the ODI series in South Africa. In April-May 2008. A total of 11. repaying the selectors faith in him by amassing 324 runs at an average of 54.00. After. the India captain. thus becoming only the 3rd batsman to make a century in each of his first two innings. Ganguly was selected to play against England in 1996. Ganguly played in every game of the four-Test series. On 12 December 2007. He remained active on the first-class cricket scene. The tough phase of his cricketing life started from then. Ganguly just said “I am here for cricket” which made the agitated manager realize that he was not just a young player making his debut but a legend in the making!! Though it could be he lost important 4 years of his life for that incident. Ganguly announced that the Test series against Australia starting in October 2008 would be his last and stated "to be honest. which was remembered by the manager forever. Mahendra Singh Dhoni. he was dismissed for duck off just one ball. He also has 100 and 32 wickets respectively An In-depth Insight When Ganguly made his debut in 1992 against West Indies in Australia. He never played for India for the next 4 years. India won the series 2-0. In his last innings. When the manager ordered Ganguly to bring him a lime tea. all the criticism from the then senior players. His own fight He was dropped from the team in October 2005 following indifferent form in 2004 and poor form in 2005. The rest is history. and in the final match. he left nothing in the fans’ hearts with his bat but gave a big blow to the manager of Indian cricket team in the pavilion.363 runs in ODIs and 7. He proved that he was the lord of the pitch with his maiden debut ton. in which they were whitewashed 4-0. I didn't expect to be picked for this series". Ganguly made his comeback to the Test team. 15 . With impressive performances thereafter Ganguly was also named in the squad for the 2007 Cricket World Cup. Ganguly led the Kolkata Knight Riders team owned by Shah Rukh Khan in the IPL. He was the leading scorer for India in their first round defeat against Bangladesh. allowed Ganguly to lead the side in the field one last time. He captained India during the period 2000-2005 for a record 49 test matches and 146 One Day Internationals. also had an English count stint in 2005.Trent Bridge he made 136. too. Retirement from International Cricket On 7 October 2008. There's one particular question which no one ever asked him but one which holds the key to several managerial lessons be it in sports or the corporate sector. Irfan Pathan. tough and an uncompromising leader at any moment against any team. "I saw in Sourav a committed individual who wanted to inject some toughness and combativeness into a side that had often tended in the past to roll over and expose a soft underbelly. Ganguly who was considered a very aggressive player soon instilled aggression in the team and the team started performing well. Yuvraj Singh. 8000. have also influenced many of us in the corporate world. 9000 ODI runs. Under Ganguly's leadership.B Muthuraman.What next? He was again brought into ODI squad and the rain of runs began. I know. Sourav has demonstrated motivating environment. "Ganguly's deft management skills. emerge serious player competitive . Ganguly's batting during his captaincy days was ordinary to say the least yet the team was performing at its peak. Harbhajan Singh. managing director. It’s often said that a successful leader is one who inspires by performance. be it making Steve Waugh wait at the toss or the Lords' balcony showdown. Yet in a way at the end of it all. were very loyal to the captain. Virender Sehwag. in 2004." The legendary former Australian captain Steve Waugh Sourav Ganguly has often been accused of rubbing oppositions the wrong way. Sourav has demonstrated how to build and manage a team. especially the young crop of players that Ganguly had helped groom. Tata Steel." . against all odds. them. So how exactly did he manage to inspire his team even when his performance was below par? The answer to this question might just solve the problems that loads of leaders all over the world face on a regular basis. Sure he did. he is still the fastest to score 5000. he managed to get the results. He was someone who could go to any extent in order to make sure his team won and so did it. 6000. 7000. When he took over the captaincy. Ganguly not just instilled a self-belief in his team mates but he also made sure that they knew he would always be there to back them no matter what the situation is. he proved that he is shrewd. how to succeed at home and to replicate that success overseas. 16 the importance and to of getting as a the best resources in a and talent. M S Dhoni are some of today's shining stars who were bred and brought up under Ganguly's regime. various cultural changes were brought about in the Indian team. His frequent clashes with opposing captains pretty much showed the amount of passion he had for his nation and its victory. Sourav has demonstrated very effectively all the qualities of a corporate leader. The team members. That was a best suited reply to the English team (Flintoff in particular) who did this in India after “equaling” the series. endeared him to the team. but couldn’t make it again. Under Ganguly. the team started winning away from home. As if this wasn't enough his attitude was again questioned during his final days of captaincy and thereafter. Ganguly even managed to get under the skin of the usually unflappable Waugh. The only Indian captain to hit 3 tons in a world cup. It’s quite obvious that Ganguly wouldn't have been such a huge name had it not been for his captaincy. it’s best to be quiet and wait for your turn. The ad wherein Sourav Ganguly was seen rooting for his comeback out of obvious pain made even his die-hard critics mellow down for a while. This act by Sourav shows that how much he was hurt by that defeat and how eager he was to give it back to them.The fact that Ganguly was considered the first Indian captain who was free from the ills of parochialism. 17 . He knew that when the entire world is against you. They won 9 out of 11 matches and lost only to Australia in that world cup. Experts credited Ganguly with bringing in an optimistic vision to Indian cricket. Some Hallmarks of Ganguly's Leadership Vision Ganguly was considered as a leader with a vision. No one would ever forget the Pepsi ad that was on air when he was out of the team. Ganguly felt that India could achieve better success in international cricket than it had been doing till then. who could set goals and inspire his team-mates. Ganguly was the 2nd top scorer in that series with 3 tons by his side. Assertiveness Who can forget that shirt take off incident at Lords by him after a great victory. For someone who was accused of having an attitude-problem when he debuted way back in 1992 to being mocked at as a zonal selection on his comeback trail in 1996. Eye-for-an-eye The rivalry between Ganguly and Waugh was a part of cricketing folklore. Experts felt that Ganguly had turned "antagonizing opponents into an art form". management and temperamental skills. That was something which an Indian can never forget and was surely a moment of pride for us being an Indian who have the guts to reply everything back to the opposition when it comes to the nation’s pride. and his courage to stand up to the powers-that-be in the interests of team members. Yet on all these occasions he answered his critics through performance. something at which it had never been very good. the man has seen it all. After 20 years India entered world cup finals. I won't say much on how good he's tactically because that depends on the quality of the opposition. 18 . I led against the West Indies which was the best team in the world. It is another matter he hardly had any talent worth backing in Bengal or even in the zone. Harbhajan Singh. A trend which was missing when Sunil Gavaskar and Kapil Dev led the team. "Sourav is very. rather than Delhi or Bengal. He firmly believes that a young player must be given at least 5 games to prove his worth. He knows how to groom his players and handles them very well. Mohammad Kaif. People come from different parts of such a large country and there is always this regional bias. Aggression sounds very fine but only if it is directed at the opposition. very honest. Country has to be put ahead of the rest. Zaheer Khan. there is every possibility of the bowlers losing their composure. It could be seen as part of the job. So how could anyone judge how good I was tactically? But Sourav has improved a lot. putting pressure on his bowlers to deliver. It is one trait which has remained the strongest point of his character and former skipper Dilip Vengsarkar confirms it.'' Team Player To be cricket captain of India can be extremely demanding. I've always found him a nice person to deal with. But he has remained above petty politics in backing players like Yuvraj Singh. Honesty What goes in favour of Ganguly is his honesty. which is quite natural. Fairness Ganguly always believed that fair chance should be given to everyone in a team. He might benefit if he accepts the limitations of his bowlers than keep them on their toes.'' Ganguly till date has done precisely that. A player in the team should know where he stands in the eyes of his captain and Sourav ensures that he gives the right message at the right time to his colleagues. When I was the captain. It's a big plus if the captain can remain transparent. Ashish Nehra. He did not want new players to face the same consequence. It is also true that commercial interests have also guided the backing and selection of certain players. Probably he has developed this thought because in 1992 he was sacked from the team only after providing a single opportunity in which he failed and thus his international career suffered a major blow. As Pataudi said "a captain has to be able to organize and he can do that by being accepted as a person who is playing for India and for the team. these hazards not really showing him in poor light but a minus point no doubt.Then there are stories of Ganguly being too demanding. He's very faithful to his colleagues and I know he's very forthright in his views too. To Ganguly's credit he has backed players from outside his state. In the process. But Ganguly cannot be faulted on this account. After his comeback. Be it the first test in the India-Australia series in 2003 where Ganguly hit an unexpected and incandescent hundred at Brisbane that set the tone for the series where India fought the world's best team to retain the Border-Gavaskar trophy. M. The love for whatever you do is your driving force.S. Rightly nicknamed as the God of offside. he also adapted well to the situation playing just as a player under the likes of Rahul Dravid. "You need to have your priorities clear. Surveys of viewers on TV news channels showed that Ganguly was the clear choice of the public to lead the side. You have to have a clear idea of what you want to do.A True Leader refuses to Quit In November 2006." 19 . as one or two bad innings would have meant an end to his international career. and what will make you happy. Snehashish. He has several match-winning performances under his belt where he has lived up to the situation and delivered beyond expectation. But he kept himself fit and in practice and returned to the circuit which many had considered to be impossible. Some cricket experts too subscribed to this view. including writing and bowling with his right hand. The People’s Leader As Ganguly's great comeback became the taking point of the nation. I wanted to play for India again. Sourav Ganguly had the ability to strike better than anyone else on his day. Though Sourav is a natural right hander. Sourav does everything else. but easily the best south paw that India has ever seen. Ganguly made a memorable comeback to the Indian team. This was considered significant as everyone had written him off after having being dropped from the Indian test squad in February 2006 and being out of international cricket for almost a year. what is good for you. His brother Snehashish was born five years before him and became an accomplished left handed batsman. in most occasions leading from the front.Dhoni as captain and Greg Chappel as coach. he showed great adaptability in sweating it out in the domestic circuit which isn’t so easy after having played in the international level for so many years. After he returned as just a player. Deliver under pressure Not only is he the most successful captain of Indian cricket but he is also one of the best performers who have delivered under tremendous pressure. Adaptability The prince of Kolkata has not only been India's best captain of all times. Convenience was one of the reasons for Sourav to become a lefthanded batsman as he could then use his brother's cricket gear. many cricket fans wanted Ganguly to don the captain's role for the 2007 World Cup. it was all about delivering underpressure. he learned to bat with his left hand from his brother. Even after he was left out of the Indian team. his contributions in the dressing room and the commentator's box would be of immense value. for once let us salute his spirit and wish him luck for all his future endeavors. be it as a coach or a commentator. be it on the field or off it. February 2007 Conclusion All said and done.- Sourav Ganguly. 20 . Sourav Ganguly would always be remembered as a leader who never gave up. As a final tribute to the man. For a man who has the power to motivate even a dead pan. Let’s just hope that retiring from the on-field activities doesn't take him away from the game for he is someone who could prove to be an immense contributor in other activities related to the game. irrespective of the number of enemies and critics he managed to create by his hard-nosed ways. She was admitted to Yale School of 21 . played cricket. and then formed an all-girl rock band . India. the daughter of an accountant and a stay-at-home mother. however. I am very caring because I want people to excel at what they are doing so that they can aspire to be me in the future. As a leader. She received a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Madras Christian College in 1974 and earned an MBA at the Indian Institute of Management in Calcutta. Though her family is Hindu. Nooyi held product manager positions at Johnson & Johnson and textile firm Mettur Beardsell. in 1955. I am tough on myself and I raise the standard for everybody. Nooyi attended a Catholic school.Indra Nooyi: The ‘Iron Woman’ of Business "Leadership is hard to define and good leadership even harder. She grew up in Chennai (formerly Madras)." -Indra Nooyi Introduction Background Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi was born in Madras. was an avid debater. But if you can get people to follow you to the ends of the earth.the first ever at the Holy Angels Convent. you are a great leader. Beginning her career in India. on the southeast coast of India. badgered her parents (and the nuns) until she was allowed to play the guitar. 2007. Today. 22 . Indra Nooyi believes that each of PepsiCo’s 18000 employees is a leader. but struggled to make ends meet over the next two years. She cares for PepsiCo’s consumers and credits a culture that recognizes hard work and encourages initiative. Fortune 500) and the engineering firm Asea Brown Boveri." Her sharp strategic mind. and 2008. she also had to work as an overnight receptionist to make ends meet. It's about sustainability on multiple levels: human. she did stints at Boston Consulting Group and then held strategicplanning positions at Motorola (MOT. Indra Nooyi is among the most successful women in the American Business and corporate world and shows great promise in directing the company to reach greater heights. She became the CEO of Pepsi on October 1. She has directed the company's global strategy for more than a decade and has led PepsiCo's restructuring. Nooyi then joined PepsiCo in 1994 as senior vice president (strategic planning) and was named President and CFO in 2001. Though she received financial aid from Yale. tremendous market insight and humanitarian contributions all combine to make her a rare executive among the global corporate giants. Even when she went for an interview at the prestigious business-consulting firms that hired business-school students. Graduating in 1980. 2007. talent and environment. she wore her sari. According to the ‘Time’ Magazine. Initial Struggle Nooyi quickly settled into her new life at Yale. Vision Her vision is “Performance with Purpose”.Management in 1978 and earned a master's degree in Public and Private Management. chairman and CEO of PepsiCo. since she could not afford a business suit. She was also listed among Time magazine's World's 100 Most Influential People in 2008." she told Murray. 2006 and assumed the role of Chairman on May 2. is "world class leader. "My whole summer job was done in a sari because I had no money to buy clothes. Awards and Accolades In Fortune Magazine's annual ranking of America's leading business women titled ‘50 Most Powerful Women in Business ’. the most appropriate way to describe Indra Nooyi. she was ranked No. including the various mergers and acquisitions.1 for three successive years in 2006. You can never over-invest in them." Leadership Qualities of Indra Nooyi Strategic vision Nooyi recommended selling off Taco Bell. PepsiCo's international business grew 22% in 2007. Take a Stand: You must be known for your courage and confidence to act and say what you believe is right. don't forget you're a mother. friends. and now contributes 40% of total revenue ($39 billion last year)." When your job is done." said the CEO of one of America's biggest enterprises. don't forget you're a wife. 23 . she was ranked Number 3. She could sense that the biggest opportunities were overseas. Indra Nooyi named five skills that she believes are the hallmarks of good leaders: Competence: You must be an expert in your function or area of expertise. Learn. triple the rate of domestic sales. "At the end of the day. KFC and Pizza Hut. Coaching: Surround yourself with good mentors. Your mentor is a major force. Nooyi also led the $3. in June 2008. Your moral compass must be your true north.In a poll conducted by Forbes Magazine for the World's 100 Most Powerful Women in 2008. Your Moral Compass: Have the strength and courage to do what’s morally right. Listen. and faith. She told the BBC in March that she calls her mother in India twice a day. arguing that PepsiCo couldn't bring enough value to the fast food industry with restaurant businesses as it required dedicated services industry management. Incredible Support from Family Nooyi remains profoundly personal. "what you're left is family.3 billion acquisition of Tropicana in 1998 and $14 billion acquisition of Quaker Oats Company in 2001. Values and Beliefs In an interview to CNBC. She proved herself both analytical and visionary. don't forget you're a daughter. "don't forget that you're a person. Communication Skills: Communication skills are critical. not what’s expedient. You will become known for that. 935 million in 2001 and net profit doubled from US $ 1.662 million in the same period.112 million in 2002 to US$ 35. One of the ex-CEO of Pepsi.149 million to US$ 2. and ‘better for you’ were undertaken under her leadership.Long term strategic vision Very early on she made the right calls on the green issue as well. product innovations in the Quaker Oats brand to come out with a range of consumer perceived healthy snacks. she tactically says “PepsiCo did not have a woman in the senior ranks. Russia. sales recorded a further growth from US$ 25.137 million in 2006 when she was promoted as the CEO. She so readily loosened the capital expenditure requirements for water. Roger Enrico commented that Indra Nooyi was the best negotiator that he had seen in his life.337 million in 1996 to US$ 26. ‘good for you’. Other measures under her leadership included aggressive expansion into the emerging markets of Brazil. China.and heat-related conservation projects in a Frito-Lay meeting eight years ago that executives remember being stunned by it. categorization of its snacks into three categories named ‘fun for you’. nor a foreign-born person who was willing to think differently”. After she became the CFO and President. Those kinds of projects now save Frito-Lay $55 million annually. Tremendous Market insight She implemented a number of measures to improve the sustainability of the company's operations and image by focusing on improvements in the health implications of PepsiCo's products. Confidence When Indra Nooyi was questioned “What did you offer that PepsiCo did not already have?”. This portrays the level of confidence she carries. To this she replied “I’m very honest – brutally 24 . She was also involved in anticipating consumers' desire for both healthier products and more sustainable business practices. The company's overall sales increased from US$ 20. Measures such as removing trans-fats from PepsiCo snacks. She expanded PepsiCo's business into developing markets worldwide and focused on increasing the composition of healthy foods in PepsiCo's product portfolio. "Was that a yes? Can we do that?" sustainability VP David Haft recalls asking his boss immediately after. and India and product and process simplification across the organization. then it becomes impossible to run a global business. "She gets help if she wants it. Indra seems to understand this instinctively. They call her on special occasions and sometimes show up for birthdays. At the 2008 World Economic Forum in Davos she told Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice it was critically important that "we use corporations as a productive player in addressing some of the big issues facing the world. Her predecessor. N.they're friends. Nooyi flew to Cape Cod to meet her competitor Mike White who was one of the contenders for the post. she pushed the group to tackle obesity. 86-year-old co-founder of the modern PepsiCo. She says she asked the board to increase White's compensation to nearly match hers." In a speech to the food industry in January. there was Mike White waiting for her at the airport with a card he'd written to congratulate her. Before she left. He stays in contact from his home in Dallas. Humanitarian approach: Social Responsibility "Companies today are bigger than many economies. As her plane landed on Cape Cod. And I know when to walk away”. as does his predecessor. Nooyi says Reinemund will e-mail her back in 30 seconds and offer to fly up to her office in Purchase. if she needs advice. he played the piano and she sang.honest. she had an unusually large council of elders to guide her: three former PepsiCo CEOs who keep in touch with one another almost daily." says Kissinger. That isn't the way a new CEO usually takes charge." says Reinemund. who is going to? Why not start making change now?" said Indra Nooyi. They took a long walk on the beach." she says. If companies don't do [responsible] things. We are little republics. has an office down the hall from Nooyi's and serves as a consultant. I always look at things from their point of view as well as mine. calls her a "larger-than-life leader. all on good terms with one another.to be relevant in their societies. Steven Reinemund. Don Kendall. 25 . We are engines of efficiency. who consults for Pepsi and other companies on international matters. Says Nooyi: "I treat Mike as my partner”. but not if she doesn't." She had a strong urge to give back to the society and the country and this was reflected in one of her future plans to work for Washington as part of the cabinet." Learning from her mentors When Nooyi stepped into her new job as CEO. weighed in to help Nooyi keep White onboard. They have no organizational ties . PepsiCo's three ex-CEOs.Y. a product of her native India as well as of PepsiCo's family-values approach. they went for ice cream. Roger Enrico. "They were my bosses and my best.. Back at his beach house. On very good terms with her Competitors After becoming the CEO. but Indra Nooyi is an entirely different kind of CEO. best friends. "If you look at the job entirely from the American perspective. "You have to relate your interests to the interests of other parts of the world . S.S.Tremendous Understanding of her business rivals Nooyi also gave a pivotal presentation to the board in 1998 . She helped shape a model that enabled PepsiCo to pump out new products. Pepsi gets about 40% of its $39 billion in sales of beverages. That may sound dramatic. food and snacks from beyond the U. which call for gradually shifting the percentage of "better for you" and "good for you" snacks to 50%. She insists that everybody's birthday is celebrated with a cake.just as the heat from Coke was becoming unbearable . who was convinced that "at that moment the PepsiCo board understood Coke's business model better than Coke's board did.that dissected the rival's business model and made a persuasive case that its double-digit growth was not sustainable. citizen.000 employees is a leader. up from 30%." says Enrico." She is also "a deeply caring person" who "can relate to people from the boardroom to the front line." she says. Commitment towards employee development She firmly believes that each one of PepsiCo’s 18. food companies are actually falling behind. U. Last year the company offered potato chips in 150 different flavors and 55 different variations on orange juice. Mehmood Khan from the top R&D job at Takeda Pharmaceuticals to be PepsiCo's first chief scientific officer." 26 . Four months after the presentation Coke stock peaked at $88 and began a long downward slide.". As Pepsi's strategist—she was a former management consultant—Nooyi helped position PepsiCo for growth in China.S. Innovation and Change Indra Nooyi was able to stick to her plans for change. and widening the product portfolio with grains. She credits a culture that recognizes hard work and encourages initiative. nuts. all because of Indra Nooyi’s indepth understanding and insight. and they can move mountains. says Morgan Stanley analyst Bill Pecoriello. but in the area of food research.) "I am a global thinker in everything I do. (She is now a U. And most of the company's growth is overseas. the Middle East and her native India. "It was a tour de force. and fruits. Belief in employees:” you give the team of people a set of objectives and goals and get them all to buy into it. She recruited Dr. A Global Perspective and Vision After all. Mahatma Gandhi. • • world. 27 . “Satyagrah”. • Mahatma Gandhi had the vision of a “Free and Independent India “. • Indra Nooyi has confidence in all the employees of Pepsi and firmly believes that all of them are potential leaders. we have tried to identify some of the common traits and characteristics that all of them possess irrespective of their diverse backgrounds and irrespective of their types of leadership. • this Sourav Ganguly had complete confidence in his team and the coach. Parameter 3: Innovation and Change Any leader. For the purpose of this analysis we have outlined certain parameters and have hence compared all the three leaders with respect to these parameters: Parameter 1: A concrete Vision This is the most important trait of a great leader that distinguishes him/her from an ordinary person. Parameter 2: Confidence • Mahatma Gandhi had confidence in his ideology of peace and non-violence with which he achieved the impossible. It was confidence that was the driving force behind his enthusiasm and determination. Sourav Ganguly and Indra Nooyi. be it from the past or the present or from business or sports or traditional or contemporary is known to believe in Change and Innovation which are very critical for success. • Mahatma Gandhi introduced the “Dandi March”. “Quit India Movement” etc. These are the innovations that brought about change and were instrumental in achieving freedom.Comparison of the three leaders: An Analysis Methodology Used: Upon carefully studying the three leaders viz. Sourav Ganguly had the vision of making the Indian team the best in the Indra Nooyi had the vision of “Performance with Purpose “for making Pepsi the most admired company of the world. • Sourav Ganguly experimented with various batting orders and various bowling and fielding combinations and hence achieved several milestones of success. • Mahatma Gandhi set an example of honesty right from his childhood when he stole some money from his father and later on owed up due to guilt. It is of utmost importance because Honesty infuses faith and trust in the followers. Parameter 6: Honesty Honesty is a very important trait that all great leaders possess. • Mahatma Gandhi was aware of the revolutions and struggles in other parts of the world and used some of those successful practices to achieve the goal of freedom. • Indra Nooyi portrayed immense commitment towards Pepsi and she even had to sacrifice her family life to ensure Pepsi moved forward in the right direction. He displayed great strength and zeal towards achieving this goal. • Sourav Ganguly also showed great commitment towards the country and his team. • Indra Nooyi was well aware of the opportunities in the overseas markets and had an intricate understanding of how to adapt to different business environments. From that 28 . This Innovation yielded great returns for Pepsi and its market share in snacks and drinks doubled under her leadership. • Sourav Ganguly was aware of the best international practices in terms of trainings and strategies around the world and made sure that the Indian team used them judiciously to improve their competency. Thus by expanding into developing markets and growing rapidly she made sure that Pepsi emerged as one of the leading brands internationally.• Indra Nooyi encouraged Pepsi to acquire “Tropicana” and “Quaker Oats” and worked on changing the product portfolio of Pepsi from colas to a range of healthier products. Parameter 5: Commitment A great leader portrays huge amount of commitment towards the ultimate goal and works hard to synergize all the energies in the right direction. Parameter 4: A Global Perspective A great leader needs to be competent not only in his/her local sphere but should also be aware of what is going on around the world and should be able to understand its implications on the current local situation. • Mahatma Gandhi’s commitment towards India’s freedom was unmatched and unparalleled. He worked very hard to make sure the team excelled in all its endeavors. In a match. • Indra Nooyi was the first Indian women to become the CEO and Chairman of an American Fortune 500 company. there was a public outrage and common people of India came out on the streets in his support. • Sourav Ganguly was one of the most honest cricketers of his time. Such was her charisma that she was able to excel in a primarily male dominated organization which had no women in its senior ranks. She had the ability to convince and influence the top management of Pepsi.day onwards he decided to be truthful and honest throughout his life. When he initiated movements like the “Satyagrah”. Even the other players of the Indian team backed him. • Mahatma Gandhi was perhaps the most charismatic leader India has ever seen. thousands of people followed him. It is this Charisma that actually attracts followers and inspires them to religiously follow the path shown to them by their leader. • Indra Nooyi joined PepsiCo in 1994. and “boycotting of British goods” the whole nation supported him. The umpire was unsure and so he did not give him out. This can be very well concluded from the fact that when he started the Dandi March. But Ganguly walked away and portrayed great honesty and true sportsmanship. He proved to others that honesty requires a great amount of courage. during one of the crucial innings. but after analyzing our findings we have come to the conclusion that the greatest of the leaders have this quality inherent in them. he knicked a ball which was caught by the wicketkeeper behind the stumps. Parameter 7: Charisma Charisma is a trait that is not common among all leaders. But she was honest enough to admit to the CEO of GE Electric that she was already working for PepsiCo and wished to continue working there. 29 .”Quit India Movement”. • Sourav Ganguly’s charisma was such that after he was removed from the Indian squad by the selectors. Such was his charisma that BCCI was compelled to revert their decision. At that time she was offered a job at GE Electric with a higher salary and better post. plans.Seek out diversity. • • Broad-mindedness . Some people are born leaders. Display empathy by being sensitive to the feelings. study. • • Straightforward .Read. • Inspiring . while some can be conditioned to acquire the requisite skills. Do not make decisions based on childlike emotional desires or feelings. • • Intelligence . we firmly believe that every person can rise to be an efficient leader by inculcating in himself certain traits which all great leaders proved to possess. Display a confident calmness when under stress. If worked upon. and well-being of others. The vision must be owned throughout the organization.Display confidence in all that you do. and candor in all your actions. and solutions to problems. Based on our study. Vision .Display sincerity. Be innovative! 30 . regardless of the seemingly insurmountable obstacles. Fair-mindedness . values. and spiritual stamina. interests. ideas. A very interesting observation that comes into light is that all the great leaders have some common personality traits among them. By showing endurance in mental. physical. we recommend organisations to develop on these characteristics to transform their employees into future leaders:• • • Honesty . Therefore. Competence . and methods. Show creativity by thinking of new and better goals.Discussions and Recommendations After studying and analyzing each of the three leaders from diverse backgrounds.Show fair treatment to all people. Deceptive behavior will not inspire trust. Imaginative . Take charge when necessary. integrity. Prejudice is the enemy of justice. Effective leaders envision what they want and how to get it.Make timely and appropriate changes in your thinking. and seek challenging assignments. the organizations can effectively develop techniques to foster the development of these skills and hence in turn prepare the leaders of tomorrow. They habitually pick priorities stemming from their basic values. Courageous .Have the perseverance to accomplish a goal.Use sound judgment to make a good decisions at the right time.Base your actions on reason and moral principles.Set goals and have a vision of the future. we can very well conclude that leadership is a skill that is both intrinsic and at the same time can be developed. you will inspire others to reach for new heights. Judge and Sanghi “Managing Behaviour in Organisations” by Jerald Greenberg “Organisational Behaviour and Analysis” by Derek Rollinson • • • 31 .References • Wikipedia: www.com “Organisational Behaviour” by Robbins.wikipedia.