CHEM1100 Experiment 5 Laboratory ReportCLEAN CHEMISTRY- Determination of sodium percarbonate concentration by permanganate analysis Name Partner Group Emma Whittle Emily Lay P01 Student Number Demonstrator Date lab completed 43584794 Chris Read 13/10/14 Introduction: State the purpose of the experiment and background. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key ingredient in laundry detergents, removes stains by acting as an oxidiser and breaking up molecules. When sodium percarbonate is added to water, hydrogen peroxide is released. In this experiment, we will be investigating the pairing of sodium percarbonate with potassium permanganate solution to effectively remove stains. The purpose of the experiment was to explore the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and permanganate. The reaction unbalanced that yields this reaction is; H+(aq) + H2O2(aq) + MnO4- (aq) O2 (g)+ H2O(l) + Mn2+(aq) Using a UV- vis spectroscopy, which indicates the presence of a particular species in a solution through absorbance, the molar ratio for the reaction and the concentration of H2O2 present in a sample of laundry powder will be determined. Experimental Section: Include a short general description of the experiment. Remember to use the past tense. Safety precautions taken; Gloves, closed in shoes, lab coat, safety glasses. Part A and B were completed and the results were recorded, needed for part C. Firstly to neutralise the base, the solutions were prepared. Around 0.3-0.4g of bleach powder was first measured and 1M sulfuric acid solution was added until the fizzing had come to a stop. This solution was then added to a 100mL volumetric flask and diluted with distilled water. To create a second dilution, 1mL of the solution was added using an automatic pipette into a 25mL volumetric flask and filling with distilled water. Three 10mL plastic tubes were prepared with 2.5mL of 1M H2SO4 (aq) and 2.5mL of of 4x10-4 M MKnO4 (aq). Bleach powder solution of 1mL was added to each of the tubes with an automatic pipette and filled to the 10mL mark with distilled water. The absorbance value on the calorimeter was rezeroed to distilled water which had been done in part B. The absorbance values were then measured for all three tubes, as done before on the calorimeter connected to LabQuest. The average was taken from the three absorbance values and calculations were completed to calculate the stoichiometry of the solution; 1. The number of moles of Hydrogen Peroxide in solution that reacted. 2. The Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide in the two solutions. 3. The number of moles of Hydrogen Peroxide in the active oxygen laundry powder. 4. Percentage by mass of Na2CO3.1.5H2O2 in the laundry powder. A report was written up. 43x10-3 m= 2.1032 When y=0.365 x 0.1 =0.001L C=1. Number of moles of H2O2 in the 100 mL bleach solution f. Number of moles of H2O2 in solution (use equation from line of best fit) c.1032 ∴ x= 1. y= -2409.068 0. k.5H2O2 % by mass of Na2CO3·1.24/0.24g Percentage= (1.0365 M Same as the 100mL bleach solution.38 Percentage = (0.461x10-5 / 0.01)+(15.001) C2= 0.1x + 0.5) =157 g n= (3.0146 )(0. Average absorbance from the triplicate analysis b.0365 M MW= (2xH) + (2xO) = (2x1.999x3)+(34x1.1x +0.001 =0. Remember to include appropriate working and units. j. =0.5)= 2.025) = C2(0.0146 mol/L C1V1=C2V2 (0.069+ 0. [H2O2] in the diluted bleach solution d.063 3 ∴ =0.0365 x 34.0147g/mol M= n x MM M= 0.319)x100 =119. a. Use the flowchart on page 4 as a guide.008) + (2x 15.5((2xH)+(2xO)) MW= (22.365 mol/L n=CV n= 0. h.989x2)+(12.999) = 34. i.068= -2409.65 x 10-3 M)/(1.71% MW= (2xNa)+(C)+(Ox3)+1.0147 =1.Results Section: Show the steps in your calculations in each part. Molar mass of H2O2 Weight of H2O2 in bleach powder added Percentage of H2O2 in bleach powder Molar mass of Na2CO3·1.319) x100 = 388.12 % .38/0.5H2O2 in bleach powder Average= 0.072+ 0. [H2O2] in the 100 mL bleach soltion before dilution e. Number of moles of H2O2 in bleach powder added g.43x10-3 x 157= 0.068 Best fit Equation .461x10-5 M C=n/V 1mL= 0. This error affected the accuracy of our stoichiometry and as a result our calculations and percentage mass for the experiment. Rivas.71% and also the percent yield by mass of Na2CO3. the inaccuracy was more evident since the result should be a much lower percentage around 30-40%. Another reason the percentage was very high could be due to the low absorbance average from the triplicate analysis. This would further affect the spectrometer and wavelength if the measurements were incorrect. To improve this error. However. The UV-vis spectrometer may of needed a more often calibration with the distilled water to get a more accurate absorption value. an automatic pipette and volumetric pump was used. Follow the Harvard referencing style to provide a full reference for the article for which Javier Rivas is a co-author. In the Search box. this means there is high inaccuracy in our results. RG. ‘Percarbonate as a Hydrogen Peroxide Carrier in Soil Remediation Processes’. Calle. The outcome of the experiment was to determine the concentration and stoichiometry of sodium percarbonate by permanganate analysis. type “Percarbonate as a hydrogen peroxide carrier”. vol. O.12%. pp. References: Go to the UQ Library website. Gimeno.5H2O2 in the unknown bleach powder was 119. Environmental engineering science. It has been calculated that the hydrogen peroxide present in the bleach power was 388. 29. When this was compared to other groups.1. 2012. Despite this error. Include an evaluation of any sources of error and take into account how these might have affected your final results. Multiple trials may also improve accuracy and reduce the effects of random error. These percentage mass could not correct as it is over 100%. 951-956. an accurate trendline and concentration gradient was able to be developed for absorption and the molar ratio between hydrogen peroxide and permanganate was able to be calculated. . J. This is the product of the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and permaganate. 6H+(aq) + 5H2O2(aq) + 2MnO4-(aq) → 5O2(g) + 6H2O(l) + 2Mn2+(aq) There were many sources of error that could have affected the final result. errors were introduced during the dilution and transfer of bleach powder into the solutions. An impacting inaccuracy was the preciseness of measurements to create each solution.Discussion Section: You must state the overall (main) outcome of the experiment.