Pengemasan PanganSouvia Rahimah 2 Maret 2011 Jurusan Teknologi Industri Pangan FTIP – Univesitas Padjadjaran Paper for Food Kira-kira 10 % kertas digunakan untuk bahan pengemas dan 50 %nya digunakan untuk industri makanan. Paten pertama untuk kertas sbg pengemas makanan : Charles Hildeyerd on 16th February 1665 for ‘The way and art of making blew paper used by sugar-bakers and others’ Uses can be found in packaging all the main categories of food such as: dry food products – cereals, biscuits, bread and baked products, tea, coffee, sugar, flour, dry food mixes etc. frozen foods, chilled foods and ice cream liquid foods and beverages – juice drinks, milk and milk derived products chocolate and sugar confectionery fast foods fresh produce – fruit, vegetables, meat and fish. Pengemasan Pangan Latar Belakang Bahasa Yunani : Papyrus 3000 SM Tahun 105 : pembuatan kertas pertama di Cina (Dinasti Han) Tahun 1799 : pembuatan mesin kertas pertama secara modern Abad 19 : kertas sebagai pengemas (kertas dan kardus), penemuan karton beralur/bergelombang Abad 20 : penggunaan karton secara masal Bahan baku : - kayu lunak (pohon berdaun jarum) - kayu keras Proses Pembuatan Pulp Paper Recycling available choice of functional coating. in terms of fibre type. printing etc. decoration.Kelebihan Pengemas Kertas range of surfaces. lamination. Pengemasan Pangan . creasing. gluing. folding. thickness and method of manufacture. innovative machinery for conversion and packing. locking. heat sealing etc. in terms of colour and finish. available range of strength properties. ease of conversion into packages in terms of cutting. dipucatkan. dihancurkan. dibentuk lapisan dan akhirnya dikeringkan Dua jenis kertas yang utama digunakan sekarang yaitu kertas kasar dan halus .Karakteristik Umum Kertas Dibuat dari selulosa kayu atau merang padi Diberi perlakuan kimia. Jenis Kertas Wet strength paper Microcreping Greaseproof Glassine Vegetable parchment Tissues Paper labels Bag papers Sack kraft Impregnated papers Laminating papers Solid bleached board (SBB) Solid unbleached board (SUB) Folding boxboard (FBB) White lined chipboard (WLC) Pengemasan Pangan . builds an almost invisible crimp into paper during drying enabling paper to stretch up to 7% in the MD compared to a more normal 2%. Pengemasan Pangan . e.Wet strength paper Paper sacks used in wet conditions need to retain at least 30% of their dry strength when saturated with water. When used in paper sacks this feature improves the ability of the paper to withstand dynamic stresses. To achieve wet strength. such as occur when sacksare dropped. These chemicals cross link during drying and are deposited on the surface of the cellulose fibres makingthem resistant to water absorption. urea formaldehyde and melamine formaldehyde are added to the stock. Microcreping Microcreping.g. as achieved by the Clupak process. can be laminated to board and can be silicone coated to facilitateproduct release. already described. It is non-porous. It is carried out as a batch process and is known as beating. The calendering produces a very dense sheet with a high (smooth and glossy) finish. greaseproof. The fibres are treated (hydrated) so that they become almost gelatinous. is taken much further than normal.Greaseproof The hydration (refining) of fibres at the stock preparation stage. Glassine is also available in several colours. Pengemasan Pangan . Glassine This is a supercalendered (SC) greaseproof paper. It incorporates long fibres. Pengemasan Pangan . such as those derived from manilla hemp which give a strong permeable sheet at the low grammages used. Some of the surface cellulose is gelatinised on passing into water and redeposited between the surface fibres forming an impervious layer. or as a non-heat sealable product. Tea and coffee bag tissue is a special light weight tissue available either as a heat sealable product (containing a proportion of Polypropylene fibres). This paper has high grease resistance and wet strength. Tissues Neutral pH grades with low chloride and sulphate residues are laminated to aluminium foil. The grammages range from 17– 30 g/m2.Vegetable parchment Bleached chemical pulp is made into paper conventionally and then passed through a bath of sulphuric acid. in grammages from 12–17 g/m2. Paper labels These may be MG (machine glazed). Imitation kraft is a term on which there is no universally agreed definition. Pengemasan Pangan . Thinner grades may be used for lamination with aluminium foil and PE for use on form/fill/seal machines. The paper may be coated onmachine or cast coated for the highest gloss in an off-machine or secondary process. MF (machine finished) or calendered kraft papers (100% sulphate chemical pulp) in the grammage range 70–90g/m2. Bag papers For sugar or flour. It is usually dyed brown. It has many uses for wrapping and for bags where it may have an MG and a ribbed finish. it can be either a blend of kraft with recycled fibre or it can be 100% recycled. coated or uncoated bleached kraft in the range 90–100 g/m2 is used. Laminating papers These are coated and uncoated papers (40–80 g/m ) based on both kraft (sulphate) and sulphite pulps. These papers can be laminated to aluminium foil and extrusion coated with PE. Impregnated papers Wax impregnated paper and fluorocarbon treatment for grease/fat resistance is produced on-machine. The grammage range is 70–100 g/m2.Sack kraft Usually this is unbleached kraft (100% sulphate chemical) pulp. The heavier weights can be PE laminated to plastic films and wax or glue laminated to unlined chipboard. though there is some use of bleached kraft. 2 Pengemasan Pangan . Pengemasan Pangan . This product is also known as solid unbleached sulphate. It usually has a mineral pigment coated top surface and some grades are also coated on the back. is sometimes used to describe this product. To achieve a white surface it can be coated with a white mineral pigment coating.Solid bleached board (SBB) Solid bleached board is made exclusively from bleached chemical pulp. derived from the method of pulp production. Solid unbleached board (SUB) Solid unbleached board is made exclusively from unbleached chemical pulp The base board is brown in colour. The term SBS (solid bleached sulphate). sometimes in combination with a layer of bleached white fibres under the coating. Jenis-jenis Kertas Kertas Kraft Kertas Glasin dan Kertas Tahan Minyak Kertas Perkamen Daluang (Containerboard) Kertas berlapis (laminated) Kertas tissue Karton (paperboard) . kantung. pembungkus. Untuk mengemas bahan-bahan dengan BJ yang besar Kertas Kraft . berlapis-lapis dan bergelombang (corrugated) Ketebalan kertas 10 – 180 gr/m2 Dibuat melalui proses sulfat dan pemucatan (bleaching) Bentuk kemasan sak. kaleng komposit. tabung.Sangat kuat Warna kecoklatan Harga relatif murah Diproduksi sebagai lembaran satu lapis. Kraft Paper . dll . keju. Untuk kemasan yang mengandung minyak dan lemak : mentega.Kertas Tahan Minyak (waxed Paper) dan Glassin (Glassine Paper) Berbagai warna dan sedikit tembus pandang Dibuat dengan proses sulfat dan calendering sehingga permukaannya licin Ketebalan 20 – 40 g/m2 Tahan terhadap minyak dan lemak. Kertas perkamen (parchment)/baking paper Dibuat dengan proses sulfat Tahan terhadap lemak dan cukup kuat dalam keadaan basah Lebih keras dan kasar dibandingkan kertas minyak Digunakan untuk mengemas mentega. keju. . Sering digunakan sebagai kertas label. 3 mm) BJ 150 – 200 kg/m2 Menggunakan filler tanah liat Untuk box dalam berbagai bentuk Tipe : CCN (Clay Coated News) CKB (Coated Kraft Back) CNB (Coated News Back) CWTK (Coated White Top Kraft) FBB (Folding Boxboard) SBB (Solid Bleached Board) SBS (Solid Bleached Sulphate) SUB (Solid Unbleached Board) SUS (Solid Unbleached Sulphate) WLC (White Lined Chipboard) Pengemasan Pangan .Karton (paperboard) Kertas yang paling tebal (lebih dari 0. Pengemasan Pangan . alumunium foil.Kertas berlapis (laminated paper) Dilaminasi bahan lain seperti plastik. karton alufo dan polietilen . Dibuat dalam berbagai bentuk Contoh Tetrapack yang terdiri dari lilin. Bahan Laminasi Polyethylene (PE) heat sealable moisture barrier. One and two side coatings are available. It can withstand temperatures up to 140°C and is used for packing foods to be reheated in ovens up to this temperature. moisture and fat barrier. Polypropylene (PP) heat sealable. It can withstand temperatures up to 200°C and is dual ovenable (microwave and conventional ovens). Low density polyethylene (LDPE) Easier heat sealing results when PE is modified with EVA (Ethylene vinyl acetate). better abrasion resistance and higher barrier properties than LDPE. Medium and high density PE has a higher temperature limit. It is coated only on the non-printing side. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) heat sealable. moisture and fat barrier. Pengemasan Pangan . It is coated only on the non-printing side. deep drawn trays and trays with mechanically locked corners. It is therefore used as flat sheets. fat. including essential oils in citrus fruit. Pengemasan Pangan . oxygen and light barrier. Ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide (PA) heat sealable. is used as a tie layer on aluminium foil when applying PE to foil.Polymethylpentene (PMP) moisture and fat barrier and not heat sealable. and moisture with very good sealing properties. a polyolefin with high resistance to fat. Ionomer resin (Surlyn™). Proses Laminasi . Corrugated board Terdiri dari bagian bergelombang yang di kedua sisinya ditutup dengan lembaran karton yang direkatkan (linier) Konstruksi kelombang bertujuan untuk meredam getaran transport . Kotak Karton Bergelombang (KKG) Harga per unit yang rendah Bobot yang ringan dengan kekuatan yang tinggi Menghemat ruangan Mudah diangkut Melindungi benda-benda yang dikemas dengan aman Memiliki nilai promosi Dapat didaur ulang (recycle) Proses pembuatan cepat . . . 0 .0 mm 3.2 .1.8 mm .0 .4.6.3.5 mm 1.5 mm 2.9 mm Medium flute (C flute) 6.0 mm Fine flute (B flute) Microflute (E flute) 5.0 .Tipe Ukuran Karton Bergelombang Flute shape Coarse flute (A flute) Flute pitch Flute height 8.4.5 .0 .8 .5 mm 4.3.2 .8.9.0 mm 3. DIAGRAM PROSES PEMBUATAN KERTAS BAHAN DASAR PENGECILAN UKURAN PEMBUBURAN DALAM DIGESTER Proses : soda/sulfit/sulfat P = 5 kg/cm2 t = 1400C • PENCETAKAN • PENGERINGAN • CALENDERING BUBUR KERTAS Air : 96 % Padat : 4 % BAHAN TAMBAHAN PENCAMPURAN Pengemasan Pangan . Paper Making Pengemasan Pangan . forest products companies and private landowners in Wisconsin plant millions of new seedlings every year.Step 1: Forestry Typically. trees used for papermaking are specifically grown and harvested like a crop for that purpose. Pengemasan Pangan . To meet tomorrow's demand. logs are passed through a debarker. where spinning blades cut the wood into 1" pieces. and through chippers.Step 2: Debarking. Chipping and/or Recycling To begin the process. Those wood chips are then pressure-cooked with a mixture of water and chemicals in a digester. Pengemasan Pangan . where the bark is removed. cleaned and sometimes bleached. and the pulp slush is pumped onto a moving wire screen. refined. Color dyes. then turned to slush in the beater. coatings and other additives are mixed in.Step 3: Pulp Preparation The pulp is washed. Pengemasan Pangan . water resistance. Fiber particles and chemicals are filtered out and burned to provide additional power for the mill. Pengemasan Pangan .Step 4: Paper Formation As the pulp travels down the screen. The semidry web is then run through heated dryer rollers to remove the remaining water. Waste water is carefully cleaned and purified before its release or reuse. or web. and ink holding ability. is squeezed between large rollers to remove most of the remaining water and ensure smoothness and uniform thickness. The resulting crude paper sheet. water is drained away and recycled. Papermakers carefully test for such things as uniformity of color and surface. Pengemasan Pangan . Jenis Kemasan Kertas Tea and coffee bags Paper bags and wrapping paper Sachets/pouches/overwraps Multiwall paper sacks Folding cartons iquid packaging cartons Rigid cartons or boxes Pengemasan Pangan . Paper based tubes. tubs and composite containers Tubes Tubs Composite containers Fibre drums Corrugated fibreboard packaging Moulded pulp containers Labels Sealing tapes Cushioning materials Cap liners (wads) and diaphragms Pengemasan Pangan . Contoh Jenis Kertas A A. Kertas Glasin B. Daluang (Container Board B C . Kertas Perkamen C. Bentuk kemasan Pengemasan Pangan . . Bentuk kemasan . . Model perekat ujung (seal end) .Model pesawat terbang (airplane style) .Model perkakas dasar (hardware bottom).Lipatan terbalik (reverse tuck) .Dasar menutup sendiri (auto-lock bottom) .Lipatan lurus . Pengemasan Pangan .Bentuk dan Jenis Kemasan Amplop dan Kantung Karton Lipat dan Kardus : . Standar Karton Pengemasan Pangan . Pengemasan Pangan . Pengemasan Pangan . Pengemasan Pangan . Model Perkakas Dasar PolaPola-pola dasar untuk membuat kemasan daluang lipat . Model Perekatan Ujung F. Model Pesawat Terbang D. Pola Dasar B.A. Lipatan Putus E. Lipatan Terbalik C. Berbagai model kotak karton lipat .