Kakatiya dynasty1 Kakatiya dynasty The Kakatiya dynasty (Telugu: కాకతీయ సామ్రాజ్యము) was an Indian dynasty that ruled most parts of what is now Andhra Pradesh, India from 1083 CE to 1323 CE[1] ,with Orugallu (Telugu: ఓరుగల్లు) ( now Warangal Telugu: వరంగల్) as its capital. Orugallu is also called 'Eka Sila Nagaram'(Telugu: ఏక శిలా నగరం). Shaivite Hindu in nature, it was one of the great Telugu kingdoms that lasted for centuries. Early history Gundaya (950 CE) was the first known historical figure among the Kakatiyas.[2] He sacrificed his life in the service of the Rashtrakuta ruler Krishna II while fighting against the Eastern Chalukyas. The grateful Krishna II placed Gundaya's son Eriya in charge of Kurravadi near Warangal. This kingdom was created as a check on the Mudigonda Chalukyas on the eastern borders of the Rashtrakuta Empire.[3] Eriya made Kakatipura his capital. Eriya's grandson Kakartya Gundyana rendered help on behalf of his master Krishna III to Danarnava in setting aside his brother Amma II and occupying the throne of Vengi, as a result of which he got Natavadi as a token of gratitude. Gundyana's son and successor Betaraja I took advantage of the Chalukya-Chola conflict and carved out for himself a small principality. His son and successor Prola I obtained by way of grant, Hanamkonda from Somesvara I. Beta II, son and successor of Prola, ruled between 1076 CE and 1108 CE. During his period, orugallu became the capital of the Kakatiyas. Prola II the younger brother of Beta II was the most famous among the early Kakatiya rulers. When the Chalukyan power began to decline, Prola II took advantage of the confused situation and proclaimed independence. He also defeated and killed Gunda, the ruler of Mantrakuta (Nuzividu taluk of Krishna district) and annexed it to his kingdom. However, in his attempts to occupy the Velanati kingdom he lost his life at the hands of Rajendra Choda, the prince of the Velanati Telugu Chodas of Chandolu. This was the emergence of the Kakatiya dynasty in its own right. Rudra Deva Prola II was succeeded by Rudradeva (1158–1195). Rudradeva, also known as Prataparudra I, was the eldest son of Prola II. By the year 1162 CE, Rudradeva vanquished a number of his enemies and transformed his petty principality into an extensive kingdom. Rudradeva devoted the later part of his reign to the conquest of the coastal region. He consolidated and pushed the kingdom to the east up to the Godavari delta. Thousand Pillar Temple was built by King Rudra Deva in 1163 AD at Hanumakonda. During the years 1176-82 CE the battle of Palanadu was fought. Rudradeva rendered military assistance to Nalagama's faction. In this battle, the military strength of Velanadu had got weakened. Exploiting the situation, Rudradeva led his forces into coastal Andhra and conquered up to Srisailam and Tripurantakam in the south. In the last year of his reign (1195 CE), he came into conflict with the Seunas (Yadavas) of Devagiri. Rudra suffered defeat and death in his encounter with Jaitrapala I. After Rudradeva's death and the imprisonment of his nephew Ganapati in the hands of the Yadavs, his younger brother Mahadeva ascended the throne and ruled the kingdom for a short span of about three years (1196-1198 CE). He led an expedition against the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri to avenge Rudra's death and also to release his son Ganapati. He lost his life in the battle. saved the kingdom from crumbling. Ramappa Temple in Andhra pradesh. He put an end to the rule of the Telugu Cholas in the year 1216 who accepted his suzerainty. Though Ganapatideva was alive until 1269 CE he handed over the threads of administration to his daughter Rudramadevi in 1262 A.D. It is around this period that the Golconda . India. from Karimnagar and Anakapalle in the north to Ongole in the south .Kakatiya dynasty 2 Part of a series on History of Andhra Pradesh A great architectural marvel. It is one of the most brilliant epochs in the history. Recherla Rudra. Ganapatideva was known as the greatest of the Kakatiyas and the first after the Satavahanas to bring the entire Telugu area under one rule. Ganapatideva was set free by Jaitrapala due to political considerations like his desire to secure himself against an attack from Warangal in the event of a conflict with the aggressive Hoysalas in the south. itself and retired from active politics. the commander-in-chief of the Kakatiya ruler. Ganapati during his long reign brought under his sway almost the whole land inhabited by the Telugu speaking people. Chronology of Telugu/Andhra history Ancient Andhra Kingdom Sources Geography · Political history Satavahanas Ikshvaku dynasty Salankayanas Vishnukundinas Eastern Chalukyas Kakatiya dynasty Musunuri Nayaks Vijayanagara Empire Madurai Nayaks Tanjore Nayaks Ganapati Deva Following the death of Mahadeva disorder broke out in the kingdom. He established order in his vast dominion and encouraged trade. Ganapatideva's reign lasted for 2000 years. The glory and wealth of the Kakatiya kingdom attracted the attention of Khilji. fighting battle against the rebel Kayastha chief Ambadeva. On the death of Rudrama. ascended the throne at the beginning of the year 1290 CE.[8] [9] The Demise of the Dynasty The conquest of South India (Deccan) by the Delhi Sultanate started in 1296 CE when Alauddin Khilji. She was formally designated as a son through the ancient Putrika ceremony and given the male name of Rudradeva and declared the Queen. 1289 CE. she suppressed the internal rebellions and external incursions. whilst introducing many administrative reforms. The Khilji dynasty ended and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ascended the Delhi throne. Warangal fort was taken after a prolonged seize[12] . Despite initial misgivings by some of her generals who resented a female ruler. the son-in-Law and commander of the Sultan Jalaluddin raided and plundered Devagiri (Maharashtra)[10] . It was a disaster because of the valiant resistance of the Kakatiya army in the battle at Upparapalli (Karimnagar District)[11] . Ulugh Khan’s (Muhammad bin Tughluq) raid was .[5] Ganapatideva's first daughter Rudramadevi was married to Veerabhadra.. She remains one of the few female powers of the South India for all time. Ganapati Deva's sister Melambika was married to the second son of Chagi Buddaraju. Malik Kafur indulged in murder and mayhem around the fort which prompted King Prataparudra to make a pact and offer an enormous amount of tribute. some of which were also later adopted in the Vijayanagar empire. Prataparudra Rudramadevi died in the month of November. Kakatiyas started claiming Kshatriya status as evidenced by an inscription found in Guntur District. Ganapati Deva married Naramamba and Peramamba.[6] [7] After this marital alliance with the three Kshatriya clans of Chagis. earning their respect. subsequently Kakatiya rulers mentioned themselves as Kshatriyas of Kashyapa Gotra in their inscriptions. Parichedas. as well as beautiful temples in the Kakatiya art form such as Ramappa Temple at the tiny village of Palampet outside of Warangal. Rudramadevi was married to Veerabhadra. An able fighter and ruler Rudramba defended the kingdom from the Cholas and the Yadavs. 3 Rudramadevi The most prominent ruler in this dynasty was Rani Rudrama Devi 1262-1289 CE. one of the few queens in Indian history. Social Status and Marital Alliances During the reign of Ganapati Deva small Andhra kingdoms like Chagi. Prataparudra asserted his independence in 1320 CE when there was a change of power in Delhi. She was born as Rudramba to Ganapathideva who had no sons. Chagi. Prataparudra had to fight battles throughout his reign against either the internal rebels or the external foes. Tughlaq sent his son Ulugh Khan in 1323 CE to defeat the defiant Kakatiya king. The second attempt was made in 1309 CE by Malik Kafur who managed to capture Siripur and Hanumakonda forts. Eastern Chalukyas and Kota Vamsa. From the period of Ganapati Deva Kakatiyas started having marital alliances with Eastern Chalukyas. Kota Vamsa and Bhanj dynasty of Orissa. who was adopted by her as son and as heir apparent on the advice of her father Ganapatideva. her grandson Prataparudra. Eastern Chalukyan prince of Nidadavolu[4] and his second daughter Ganapamba was married to Kota Betaraja. The first foray into the Telugu kingdom was made in 1303 CE by the Sultan’s armies led by Malik Fakruddin. Prataparudra expanded borders towards the west till Raichur. who was ruling Natavadi region. Khilji subsequently murdered the Sultan and took over the reins of the Sultanate. Jayapa Senani. Kota Vamsa and Velanati Chodas became vassals of Kakatiyas. Eastern Chalukyan prince of Nidadavolu[4] . sisters of the commander of the Kakatiya elephant corps.Kakatiya dynasty fort was constructed.[8] [9] As Rudramma Devi's husband Veerabhadra was from Eastern Chalukya family of Kashyapa gotra. The Royal family of Bastar[15] state that Kakatiya King Pratap Rudra's brother. The Thousand-pillar Temple in Hanumakonda (now merged with Warangal) stands as testimony to this. who belonged to the royal family of Mayurbhanj[17] .Kakatiya dynasty repulsed but he returned in a month with a larger and determined army. Hyderabad Kakatiya dynasty rulers * * * * * * * * * Beta I (1000-1030) Prola I (1030-1075) Beta II (1075-1110) Prola II (1110-1158) Rudradeva I (1158-1195) Mahadeva (1195-1198): brother of King Rudradeva Ganapathi deva (1199-1261) Rudrama devi (1262-1296) Prataparudra/ Rudradeva II (1296-1323): Son of Queen Rudramba . Ramappa Temple. He committed suicide by drowning himself in the river Narmada. was among the booty carried to Delhi after the dynasty's fall. located 77 km from Warangal and still intact today is an example of brilliant Kakatiya art and sculpture. A daughter of a later descendant named Raja Rudra Pratap Deo. and King Prataparudra was taken prisoner. art and architecture. she was married to Praphul Kumar Bhanj Deo. while being taken to Delhi. 4 The Legacy The Kakatiya dynasty is regarded as one of the golden ages in Telugu history.[16] Chhattisgarh around the late 14th century. The current descendant of this dynasty is Komal Chandra Bhanj Deo. Praphul Kumari Devi died in 1936 in London and her elder son Maharaja Pravir Chandra Bhanj Deo Kakatiya ascended the throne in 1936 at a minor age. The famous Kohinoor diamond which was unearthed in Kollur on the banks of Krishna river during their reign. Later Musunuri Nayaks who served as army chiefs for Kakatiya kingdom united the Telugu people and recovered Warangal from the Delhi Sultanate and ruled for half a century[13] [14] . Kakatiya mandapam at AP state museum. The unprepared and battle-weary army of Warangal was finally defeated. Later in 1927. The demise of Kakatiya dynasty resulted in confusion and anarchy under alien rulers for sometime. Praphul Kumari Devi ascended the throne in 1922. The kingdom was ruled by Telugu speaking rulers who encouraged literature. left Warangal and established his kingdom at Bastar. Annam Deo. Praphul Kumari Devi is believed to be the last link to the Kakatiyas. Kakatiya dynasty 5 Notes [1] [2] [3] [4] Gribble. com/ books?id=y2UBAAAAQAAJ& pg=PA241& dq=kakatiya+ chalukya+ prince#PPA242.M1) [10] Ventakaramanayya. 1998. A Forgotten Chapter of Andhra History 1945. The Early Muslim Expansion in South India. M. net. Andhra University. Krishna Kumari (http:/ / books. 16-20. A. John Hubert Marshall (http:/ / books. in/ ] [16] (http:/ / www. pp. 1942 [11] A History of India. p. Oriental Book Agency. Cambridge University Press. html) . 1934 History of the Minor Chāḷukya Families in Medieval Āndhradēśa By Kolluru Suryanarayana (http:/ / books. 2001. ISBN 0195136616 [15] [Bastar Royal Family http:/ / bastar. uq. London Sastry. chief of Natavadi consecrated the image of Mailambikesvara in the temple of Tripurantaka [6] Annual Report By Archaeological Survey of India..V. Luzac and Co. google. com/ books?id=qhwTAAAAIAAJ& q=kota+ kakatiya& dq=kota+ kakatiya& pgis=1) [7] Social and Cultural Life in Medieval Andhra By M.D. 1896. Rothermund. J.S. Parabrahma. google. google. google.160. au/ ~zzhsoszy/ ips/ m/ mayurbhanj. au/ ~zzhsoszy/ ips/ b/ bastar. P. net. ISBN 0521254841 [13] Sarma. Waltair [14] Pre-colonial India in Practice. History of the Deccan. google. Somasekhara. Vaidehi Krishnamoorthy (http:/ / books. 254(AR No. Oxford University Press. 1000 to A. 1978. Kulke and D. html) [17] (http:/ / www.D. 204 of 1905) Melambika. R. Hyderabad Altekar. son of Buddaraja. Eaton. pp. sister of Kakatiya Ganapatideva and wife of Rudra. 2005.D. uq. The Rashtrakutas and Their Times. com/ books?id=YekEAAAAMAAJ& q=kakatiya+ chalukya+ prince+ marriage& dq=kakatiya+ chalukya+ prince+ marriage& pgis=1) [9] The history of India By Mountstuart Elphinstone (http:/ / books. com/ books?id=WKtAAAAAMAAJ& q=kota+ kakatiya& dq=kota+ kakatiya& pgis=1) [8] Social and Economic Conditions in Eastern Deccan from $A. Poona. Oriental series No. Cynthia Talbot.. H. Government of Andhra Pradesh. ISBN 0415154820 [12] A Social History of the Deccan: 1300-1761.177-182. nic. 36.B. com/ books?id=f6seAAAAMAAJ& q=kakatiya+ chalukya+ prince+ marriage& dq=kakatiya+ chalukya+ prince+ marriage& pgis=1) [5] No. Routledge. N. 1250 By A. M. The Kakatiyas of Warangal. 0 Unported http:/ / creativecommons. Lykantrop. Rockingrio.Article Sources and Contributors 6 Article Sources and Contributors Kakatiya dynasty Source: http://en. Gnanapiti. NekoDaemon. Venkatsajja7. Drm 1976. 86 anonymous edits Image Sources. org/ licenses/ by-sa/ 3. 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Vamsheekreddy.jpg Source: http://en. Vyzasatya. Dbachmann. Tobias Conradi. Cooldude001. Altruism. Go4ash. PeterHeins. Rajasekhar1961. Dineshkannambadi. Pinecar. Dewan357.0 Contributors: User:Ravichandrae Image:kakatiyamandapammuseum. Shyamsunder.wikipedia.B. Rich Farmbrough. Ramswiki99. Dev. Tejas.jpg Source: http://en.