Judo Kodokan

http://www.kodokan.org/e_basic/history.html the kodokan judo institute The History of Judo The Kodokan was founded in 1882 by the late Prof. Kano who himself had established Judo. Judo was derived from Jujitsu which had many names and schools. Jujitsu is an art for ither attacking others or defending oneself with nothing but one's own body. Prof. Kano adopted the superlative parts of all the Jujitsu schools, got rid of precarious parts, and established the new Kodokan Judo based on his own insight and arrangement. It started with only nine disciples and a twelve-mat dojo. The Kodokan Judo was recognized in a few years to be excellent since its students overwhelmed the Jujitsu athletes at the Police Bujitsu Contest. This really was the first step for its future rapid progress. 2 Prof. Kano promoted judo as a physical exercise from a wide national point of view. Proceeding with the organization of the Kodokan and enacting the regulations of Judo, he became the first Asian member of the International Olympic Committee in 1909 and worked for the spread of Judo world-wide. Judo became an official event in the Olympic Games of 1964, backed by Judo fans and sport promoters all over the world. It is now a very popular sport almost anywhere in the world. "Judo", which is now exercised in many countries of the world, is the very Kodokan Judo, created in 1882 by Prof. Jigoro Kano. It is clearly stated in the Article 1 of International Judo Federation (IJF) statutes, "IJF recognizes 'Judo' which was created by Jigoro Kano." What is Judo? Judo is loved by all generations. You can see people of all ages from six to over eighty years, and people of all professions, nationalities and sexes enjoying Judo at the Kodokan. They all have their own purposes. Some of them want to be strong, some want to be healthy, some want to strengthen their mind, some want to appreciate the pleasant feeling after perspiring, some want to be able to defend themselves, some want to become instructors of Judo, and some are already devoted to training others. Why is Judo attracting people of all ages and people with so many different purposes? Prof. Kano created Judo from Jujutsu as the means to learn the great principle of humanity, not only to learn Waza. He named the training institution "Kodokan". The word "Kodo" means to learn, prove and practice the principle. The fact that Prof. Kano named Judo "Kodokan Judo" shows us how he made much of the principle and made it a principal objective of life to learn. Prof. Kano himself said that the purpose of Judo is to strengthen body by practicing attack and defense, to complete the personality by training the mind, and finally to devote oneself to society. The photograph above is a calligraphy by Prof. Kano, which shows the principle and ideal of Judo : "Maximum-efficiency" and "Mutual welfare and benefit." 3 The Principles of Waza Waza is based on the fundamental principle of Judo, that is, "Maximum Efficient Use of Mind and Body". The theories of Tsukuri and Kake are expressing the principle from Waza's viewpoint. Tsukuri is made up of Kuzushi which means to destroy your opponent's posture or balance, and "holding yourself ready" to make your attack easier. To actually apply your contemplated technique, when his posture has already been broken by Tsukuri, is called Kake. Tsukuri and Kake can also be called technical principles of Judo. While you are practicing Tsukuri and Kake, both depend upon the fundamental principle of "Mutual welfare and benefit" and "Maximum efficiency," you can understand and master the principle which can be applied to all phases of human life. You proceed from Waza to Way by practicing Judo. KATA AND RANDORI There are two principal ways of practicing Judo : Kata and Randori. Kata, which literally means "form," is practiced following a formal system of prearranged exercise, while Randori, meaning "free exercise" is practiced freely. Kata of Judo is the best way of defense and attack in various cases, being theoretically systematized. In the Kodokan, the following are the eight main Katas adopted : 4 . 5 NAGE-NO-KATA (Forms of Throwing) Three representative techniques are chosen from each of five Nagewazas. THE KODOKAN GOSHIN-JUTSU (Forms of Self-Defense) The modern technique of Self-Defense consists of empty-handed techniques and techniques with weapons. SEIRYOKU-ZEN 'YO-KOKUMIN-TAIIKU-NO-KATA This is the form of National Physical Education. They consist of the techniques in a kneeling position and in a standing position. KIME-NO-KATA (Forms of Decision) This is to learn the most valuable techniques in an actual fight. KOSHIKI-NO-KATA (Antique forms) Prof. ITSUTSU-NO-KATA (Forms of "Five") These forms are incomplete though they should have been included in the parts of the great Judo system by Prof. . Kano. KATAME-NO-KATA (Forms of Grappling or Holding) Five model techniques are chosen from each of three Katamewazas. JU-NO-KATA (Forms of Gentleness) The ways of attack and defense are arranged in very gentle and expressive movements. Kano revised and adopted these forms so as to show the substance of Judo. $B!!(J .6 Kodokan Judo / Nage Waza Daigo Toshiro 9dan Kodokan 1 Seoi-nage (hand technique) 2 Ippon-seoi-nage (hand technique) 3 Seoi-otoshi (hand technique) 4 Tai-otoshi (hand technique) 5 Sukui-nage (hand technique) 6 Obi-otoshi (hand technique) 7 Morote-gari (hand technique) 8 Uchi-mata-sukashi (hand technique) 9 Uki-otoshi (hand technique) 10 Kata-guruma (hand technique) 11 Sumi-otoshi (hand technique) 12 Kuchiki-taoshi (hand technique) 13 Kibisu-gaeshi (hand technique) 14 Kouchi-gaeshi (hand technique) 15 Yama-arashi (hand technique) Nage Waza by Daigo sensei (Japanese only) are available at Kodokan Internet Shop. Technically tori grips with his two hands. The Tori then places his right foot in front of Uke's right foot. With Tori's right arm acting as a shaft. . while straightening both knees throws Uke over his right shoulder. then pick up your opponent's body on your back and throw over the shoulder. or a right or a left forward motion. starts to lift the Uke with both hands. Tori lifts Uke with both hands and bends his body forward. Generally Morote-Seoi-nage (two hands Seoi-nage or Eri-seoi) is called Seoi-nage. lifts Uke up (picture 1). then pulls the Uke's right arm down and locks it against Tori's body. Uke's body will spin and fall (picture 2). Techniques of Seoi-nage Tori & Uke hold each other in a natural right-handed posture. The Tori and Uke are now back to front. SEOI-NAGE (hand technique) Seoi-nage is accomplished by making your opponent off balance by pulling in a straight forward motion.7 1. The Tori bends both knees. The Tori bends his right elbow and places it in the Uke's right arm pit. Tori pulls the Uke straight forward while stepping back slightly to pull the Uke off balance. spins on his right foot while dropping his hip and placing his left foot in front of Uke's left foot. While keeping close contact to Uke's chest. As the Tori spins. While sliding in a lifting motion against Uke's right knee with the back of his right leg. This technique was once categorized as Yokosutemi-waza and named Seoi-makikomi but now considered as one of the Seoi-nage techniques.8 Techniques of practical applications. Tori takes a deep step along the outside of Uke's right leg with his right foot. Tori throws over the shoulder (picture 4). . When Tori picks up the Uke. He locks Uke's arm against his body. This is generally called Kataeri-seoi. *This is a practical application of Seoi-nage technique and not a Tai-otoshi technique. he slides his right arm up under the Uke's right armpit. then throw over the shoulder (picture 1).then throw over the shoulder (picture 3). Tori twists his body to the left and pulls his opponent into a roll to his right. IPPON-SEOI-NAGE (hand technique) Techniques of Ippon-seoi-nage Ippon-seoi-nage is similar to Morote-seoi-nage. 1. 2. To off-balance Uke. 2. Tori grips the Uke's right sleeve with the left hand and grips the right collar by inserting his fingers inside the collar-. Tori pulls straight forward. (3) Tori takes a deep step to the outside of Uke's right leg with his right foot and while sliding Uke's right knee up. (2) When Tori picks up Uke in a throwing position. throws Uke (picture 4). .9 There are some differences to Morote-seoi-nage in the usage of hands. he shifts his right arm to twist inside and places his hand on Uke's hip--then throw (picture 3). Techniques of practical applications (1) Tori uses his right hand to hold Uke's left arm and pushes it under Uke's right armpit creating a crossed arm motion thereby controlling the opponents arms (picture 2). Uke is lifted up in the Ippon-seoi-nage position . Then. 3. then place the same foot in front of Uke's right foot. then. SEOI-OTOSHI (hand technique) Seoi-otoshi is accomplished by making your opponent off balance by pulling in a straight forward motion or a right forward motion.10 (4) When Tori picks up Uke. pick up Uke's body on your back and continue pulling to throw over the shoulder as you drop your one knee or both knees on to the mat. pulls Uke's right arm and lock it against Uke's chest. He.Tori pulls Uke straight forward to make him off balance while stepping back slightly with the right foot. Tori drops his body and rolls his opponent in for a throw. then throw over the shoulder (Seoi-otoshi) Tori and Uke hold each other in right handed posture. (Type 1) Drop one knee on the mat.Tori stretches his right leg to the inside of Uke's right foot and gradually lowers his body and places his right knee on the mat. . Tori bends both knee and uses the tip of his right foot to spin left while he places his right arm under the Uke's right arm pit. *This technique is similar to Uchi-makikomi but the difference will be explained in the Uchi-makomi section. Then the throw is completed by pulling both hands straight down at once and throwing (picture 1). pull Uke straight down. Then. then. (Type 2) Drop both knees on the mat. from the Morote-seoi-nage position steps his right leg inside (or outside) of Uke's right leg. Tori drops his right knee on the mat and throws the Uke over the shoulder. Tori drops both knees on to the mat and throw straight over the shoulder (picture 5). At the same time. drops his right knee on the mat and throws (picture 3. He. pull Uke straight down.4). then. then throw over the shoulder (Seoi-otoshi) Tori pulls the Uke straight forward to make him off balance.11 In Koshiki-no-kata. Tori takes the Ippon-seoi-nage position. quickly steps into the Morote-seoi-nage position. drops his right knee and throws over the shoulder (picture 2). Techniques of practical application 1. . Tori. places his leg against the outside of Uke's right leg. He. then. When Uke tries to hold the Tori from behind. then. Ura Number 6 Yuki-ore is similar to this technique. TAI-OTOSHI (hand technique) Tai-otoshi is making Uke off balance in a right forward position (or left forward position). then. Tori spins his body to the left (or right) by stretching his right leg (or . the throw is considered to be Seoi-nage. the knee or knees are not touching. throws from the Ippon-seoi-nage positon (picture 6) (Type 3) Difference between Seoi-otoshi and Seoi-nage These two techniques are alike. Seoi-nage : lift up the opponent and throw Seoi-otoshi : pull down and throw (at this time. 4. the difference is in the throwing concept.12 Techniques of practical application Tori drops both knees on to the mat. It is very difficult to define these techniques in the split second of execution. It is necessary to segregate these techniques. However. Then. especially in the lifting position. one knee or both knees must touch on the mat) Although the knee or knees touch the mat at one time during the process of the throw. if at the actual execution of the throw. Uke tries to stop with his right foot. Tori will lower the pressure in both hands and push Uke with his left hand. hip and legs to execute the throw. Tori. while he pulls the left hand in a upward motion and pushes up with his right hand. then. . At this moment. Tori should open both legs widely and bend his left knee with the right leg stretched to lock into the throwing position (picture 1). pulls his left foot and twists his body half way to the left. (Type 1) When Uke steps back.13 left) in front of Uke's right (or left) foot. Tori steps forward to put Uke into a floating position. Uke reacts by bringing his right foot back and tries to return his body to a straight position. pulls down Uke's body forward over his stretched leg for a throw. Tori & Uke hold each other in a natural right-handed posture. then. Uke falls in a big circular motion with his right toe as the point of rotation . lowers his body and stretches his right leg in front of Uke's right ankle in a cross position. Tori. he ends up on his tiptoe in a floating position. Tori spins his body by stepping his left foot further back. down forward. At this time. and concentrates all his power into his hands. he pulls Uke forward and stops by pressing down on Uke's body. Since Uke cannot shift his weight on his right foot. he will try to pull his right foot back to his normal posture. Tori steps his right foot in between Uke's legs. At the moment when Uke's right foot steps back slightly more than his left foot. but since his body is off balance in a forward position. then executes a Tai-otoshi. then. This Tai-otoshi is the most commonly used. Tori lifts up Uke with right hand and pulls down his left hand. As Tori steps back. Two motion Tai-otoshi. Tori dodges Uke's left Uchi-mata by stepping back his right foot. it is called Uchi-mata-sukashi. . The purpose of Tori's right foot movement is to try to break Uke's balance to a right forward position. Tori uses his right foot to swing up Uke's left leg lightly outward to break his balance in a right forward position. 2.14 Techniques of practical applications. In the event Tori dodges Uke's Uchi-mata to throw Uke. Therefore. the throw is executed as previously explained (picture 2). Then. Tori steps his right foot forward in front of Uke's right foot in a cross position to throw down (picture 3). Tori grabs Uke's right collar with his right hand with four (or five) fingers placed inside. and the left hand grabs Uke's right sleeve (or right collar below the right hand) . The moment Uke loses his balance into a right forward position. 1. (Type 2) Tori grabs Uke's right collar and right sleeve to execute Tai-otoshi. it is not a combination technique from Ouchi-gari to Taiotoshi. Dodging Uke's Uchi-mata to change into Tai-otoshi. Tori quickly grabs the edge of Uke's left sleeve with the same hand. Resisting this position. Tori is in left handed position and Uke is in right handed position. By releasing his left hand grip. . (Type 3) Crossing Uke's both hand to execute Tai-otoshi. then. Kata-eri-seoi: Tori places his right elbow under Uke's armpit and picks up Uke and throws (picture 4).15 Tori steps back slightly with his left foot and turns his body half way and moves to Uke's left side to cause Uke to lose his balance to his right forward. This is a different way of using hands compared to (type 1). Uke steps left foot forward as he pushes Tori's left wrist to straightened up to return to the original posture. pulls down and throws. Tori steps back with his left foot while twisting his body to the left and by pulling both hands downward crosses Uke's arms. Tori grips the edge of Uke's right sleeve (Uke's left hand is free) and pulls downward with both hands to bend Uke's body forward. A second before Uke's resisting movement. Tori grips Uke's collar in the back with his left hand (Uke's right hand grips Tori's left front collar). Tori pulls the left foot back and steps his right foot forward to become a right handed posture. Tai-otoshi: Tori tucks right fingers between Uke's collar and chest and throws Uke without body contact. Tori steps in front of Uke's right foot to cross position and Tori grabs Uke's collar and pushes up against Uke's chest. This techniques is similar to Seoi-nage (type 2) (Kata-eri-seoi) but the usage of the right hand is different. Tori grabs the inside of Uke's left sleeve with his left hand. This technique is rarely used in a competition.16 At this time. Tori pulls his left hand across his hip and stretches his right hand straight forward and by twisting his body to the left pulls Uke down into a throw. Tori. then. Tori & Uke hold each other in normal position. This type of Tai-otoshi was created from grappling fight. twists his body to the left and places his right foot in front Uke. and pulls down to throw (picture 6). he crosses Uke's arm for control. As Tori pulls both of his hands. Uke tries to grip Tori's left sleeve with both hands to push away. SUKUI-NAGE (hand technique) . 5. Tori's right hand grabs Uke's right sleeve by reaching under his left arm. Techniques of practical applications. Then. The key point of this technique is how to cross Uke's arms during grappling fight. At this point. Tori puts his right shoulder under Uke's left armpit (or puts his right shoulder against Uke's left elbow) and stretches his foot across Uke's right foot (picture 5). left. using the right foot as a shaft. right. Uke tries to pull back to regain his posture.Releasing his right hand grip. right. At this time. (Type 1) Hold Uke's body from the side by using both hands to hold Uke's thighs and scoops up and drop (Sukui-nage) Tori and Uke hold each other in right natural posture. At this moment. Then. . pulls Uke's body with both hands to make Uke off balance backward. right. When Tori pulls. Tori turns his body to his right to place himself behind Uke's body. Tori raising his body. Tori holds Uke's right thigh and completes his hold on Uke's lower body. Tori drops his hip and holds Uke's left thigh with the left hand. Stepping his left foot behind Uke's heel. At this time. Uke steps forward left. Tori slides in his left hand along Uke's stomach. Tori steps back his foot. Tori drops his body and steps in with his right foot to the outside of Uke's right foot. left to keep his balance. A moment before Uke's move. Tori reduces his strength of pull and Uke steps his left foot back to straighten up.17 Sukui-nage is accomplished by making Uke off balance by grabbing Uke around his legs from the side with both hands and using a scooping motion to drop Uke backward or by Tori putting his one hand between Uke's legs and holding his hip to scoop up and drop. Tori takes a left defensive posture and pulls down Uke's body with both hands. Similar techniques to the above can also be used. then stops to make Uke off balance to forward by pulling. At the same time. To resist Tori's pull. Tori puts his left front hip against Uke's right buttock closely (place Uke's buttock onto Tori's left thigh) (picture 1). 18 Tori pushes his hip out and bends backward and scoops up Uke's legs with both hands, twists his body to the left and drops Uke down backward . This is the most commonly used basic Sukui-nage techniques from the old era. There is a similar technique to this Sukui-nage. Tori uses the same movement as Type 1. Going behind Uke's back, stepping in his left foot behind Uke's heel closely, holding Uke's body close (at this time Tori's left hand is stretched under Uke's armpit deeply and pushes up) and sacrifice his own body backward to throw Uke down. The concept of this technique (sacrificing your body backward) is the same as Yokosutemi waza. Therefore, this is not Sukui-nage but is known as Tani-otoshi. If Tori throw from standing position, it is called Suku-inage . Techniques of practical applications 1. Forestall Uke's Harai-goshi to execute Sukui-nage When Uke tries Haraigoshi, he steps his right foot in front of Tori's feet and turns his body half way to the left. At that moment, Tori moves (like Type 1) by going behind Uke's body and holding Uke's both thighs, then, scoops up and drops. When Uke steps in front of Tori as previously stated, it is the best opportunity to execute this technique. Tori needs keen perception to catch this chance. 2. When Tori and Uke tries for their grip, Tori pushes Uke's hands upward and executes Sukui-nage When Tori holds up Uke's wrists and waits for the chance to attack, Uke tries to push Tori back by stepping his right forward. At this moment, Tori pushes Uke's both hands upward causing Uke to float and lose his balance. Tori, then, steps his right foot behind Uke and holds his legs and (as in Type 1) scoops up and drops. (Type 2) Tori sticks his left hand behind Uke's leg and hold Uke's body and scoops up (Sukuinage). Both hold each other in natural posture. 19 Uke changes his grip to the collar behind Tori's head and steps right foot forward to become an extreme right handed posture to attempt a technique. Tori drops his hip, steps his left foot behind Uke's body, sticks his left hand behind Uke's legs and hold Uke's hip. As Tori pulls his right hand close to his body and pushes his hip forward to lean backward, he turns his body to his right and scoops up and drops (picture 2). If Uke resists too hard when Tori picks him up, Tori sometimes scoops up Uke and throws forward. Techniques of practical application 1 From Uke's Uchi-mata to Sukui-nage When Uke pulls down Tori's body with both hands, Tori tries to straighten up his body. Then, Uke tries to execute his Uchi-mata. When Uke swings up his right leg, Tori drops his hip to defend and sticks his left hand between Uke's leg from behind. He, then, holds his hip and pulls his right hand for close body-contact and control (picture 3). He scoops up Uke's lower body upward as he pulls his right hand down and throws Uke toward the direction of his head instead of backward. There is another Sukui-nage such as the following. 20 As Tori is scooping up Uke's body, he turns his body to his right and puts Uke on his left hip and throws. Since this technique is based on (scooping up) motions, Kodokan Waza Study Group Department segregated this as Sukui-nage. 2 From Uke's Harai-goshi to Sukui-nage When Uke tries Harai-goshi to sweep Tori's body, Tori drops his hip to defend, sticks his left hand between Uke's legs from behind, hold Uke's hip and scoop up with a large motion and throws down. Tori can change to Sukui-nage from Hane-goshi, Tsurikomi-goshi and other techniques (techniques which places Tori's back to opponent). 3 From Uke's Osoto-gari to Sukui-nage Uke tries right Osoto-gari when Tori is stepping back. The moment Uke attempts Osoto-gari, Tori steps his right foot way back to take a left defensive posture. Tori twists his body to his right and goes behind and sticks his left hand between Uke's legs to hold his hip. He, then, scoops up with a large motion and drops . 4 Dodge Uke's Uchi-mata to Sukui-nage The moment Uke's goes into a Uchi-mata, Tori steps back his left foot to dodge. Since Tori dodges Uke's leg, Uke's leg is left floating and loses his balance forward. At this moment, Tori sticks his left hand between Uke's legs from behind to hold. He, then, scoops up to throw down. In many cases, since Uke is already unbalanced to forward, Tori scoops up Uke onto his left hip and throws down (picture 4). (Type 3) Tori sticks his right hand between Uke's legs from the front to hold Uke's body and scoops up for Sukui-nage Hold each other in right natural posture. scoops up Uke's hip with his right hand and throws backward. At this moment. then. From Kata-guruma to Sukui-nage When Tori pulls Uke's body to execute right Kataguruma. Tori sticks his right hand between Uke's legs from the front and hold Uke's hip. He. Then. Tori steps his left foot to the outside of Uke's right foot and pulls his right foot close to the other foot to become left defensive posture. Uke leans his body backward to defend. Techniques of practical application 1. Tori pulls his left hand down and scoops up Uke's lower body with right hand and throws Uke down backward (picture 5). 2. With close body contact to Uke's right side. Sometimes. Tori faces Uke. then. Tori steps back his right foot deeply to take a left defensive posture. Uke steps his left foot forward to stop and tries to step back his left foot to regain original balanced position. . Tori drops his hip and steps in his left foot deeply and takes left defensive posture. He pulls down his left hand and scoops up and throws Uke backward.21 Tori steps back his right foot to bring Uke forward to unbalance. The moment Uke steps back his left foot. stick right hand between Uke's leg from the front and hold his hip. Tori sticks his head under Uke's right arm pit and raises his body to pick up and. scoops up with his right hand to throw backward (picture 6). Change from Uke's Osoto-gari to Sukui-nage The moment Uke tried right Osotogari. at this time. The techniques of (Type 1) are originally used in the old style of Jujitsu and Kodokan categorizes it as Sukui-nage. which is based on natural posture. Tori grabs Uke's right trouser around his knee with his left hand. But. in contrast to (Type 1). On October 1955. Before Kodokan Waza Study Group Department discussed and studied these techniques. it is called Uki-otoshi. Probably because of this.22 If Tori throws Uke's lifted body to his left. etc. Kodokan officially named this technique as Sukuinage. he sticks his right knee between Uke's legs. or backward. is introduced independently as Sukui-nage. techniques of (Type 2) and (Type 3) are widely used in randori practice even nowadays. scoops Uke up with his knee and twist his body to the right and throws Uke backward. but we hardly see these techniques used in randori practice these days. The reason for this is because the style has changed from the defensive Jujitsu posture to Kodokan Judo. This technique. then. it is difficult for Tori to go behind Uke and grab both legs. If Tori make Uke off balance toward the direction of Uke's left foot and throws by twisting. OBI-OTOSHI (hand techniques) . Tori grabs Uke's belt over Uke's body to pull closer. it is called Kataguruma. While he is pulling up Uke's body. instead of scooping up. (Type 4) Grabbing Tori's belt in the back and trouser to scoop up (Sukui-nage) When Uke bends his body forward for defense. He. 6. or forward. people called it Te-uchi-mata or Te-guruma or Butsudan-gaeshi or Kintsukami. Uke bends his body backward for defense . Tori holds Uke's hip from Uke's right side (or left side) and scoops up and drops. Uke resists Tori's pull by stretching his arms stiffly and bending his body backwards. At this time. his weight goes to his heels to lose his balance. Then Tori steps back his left foot and pulls his left hand to make Uke off balance to his right front forward and stop. Tori sticks his left hand under Uke's left armpit to hold Uke's hip (Obi-otoshi). Sweeps away Uke's right hand with his left hand (the hand gripping Tori's left collar). Since Uke bends his body backwards. Tori moves his left foot back as he places his right foot in front of Uke's right foot.23 Obi-otoshi is accomplished by grabbing Uke's belt in the front with Tori's right hand (or left hand) and as he continues to pull. He continues to resist by stepping the left foot. Tori slides his left hand over Uke's stomach and using his right foot as a shaft. Tori pulls Uke close to his body to place Uke in a floating position. (Type 1) Tori grabs Uke's belt in the front with his right hand and continues to pull. Tori steps behind Tori's right (or left). Tori steps back his right foot. Tori pulls Uke to his right side without loosening his right grip. . right foot forward. Hold each other in right natural posture. Since Uke's belt in the front is pulled by Tori. At the same time Tori grabs Uke's belt in the front with the right hand facing upward (with four finger inserted upward) (picture 1). All similar to this is considered Obi-otoshi. This right foot movement is very important because it is necessary to step his left foot in behind Uke. At this moment. he steps his left foot between Uke's legs Tori puts his left hand behind Uke's left hip to hold Uke's lower body to make him off balance backwards. Tori keeps pulling his right hand tight and controls Uke for close body contact. 2. 1. if Tori controls Uke's legs to prevent movement (lower body) and only allows Uke's upper body to bend backward. using his front hip. pushes Uke's hip upward while holding Uke and scoops upward with his left hand and by twisting his body to the left and throws down. Tori will miss his opportunity for Obi-otoshi. Uke's body falls to Tori's left backward (picture 4). control can be achieved. . So. Therefore. Tori places his left foot behind Uke's left heel and puts right foot near the outside of Uke's right heel.Gyaku-insert four fingers upward. However. The right hand grip has a great advantage because of the strength of the pull. When Tori grabs Uke's belt in the front. Uke will step his right foot back to make some distance from Tori and returns to a secure position. Tori. 3). Jun-insert four fingers downward. Bend both knees and drop his hip to take a well-balanced position. Therefore. there are two ways to insert his fingers. in some cases jun grip can also be efficient. If Tori loosens his right hand pull.24 At this time. it is more efficient to use gyaku grip. The key point of this technique is to pull Uke's belt in the front tight and make Uke bend his body backward to make him off balance. Tori puts left hip against Uke's right hip and pull hands tight for close body contact (picture 2. Tori slides his left-hand down over Uke's right chest to his hip to hold Uke's upper body. In order to pull Uke's body upward into floating position. Tori sacrifices his body backward to throw Uke. (2) Move left hand over Uke's left arm and wrap over the arm to hold Uke under his left arm pit (Obi-otoshi) . Tori steps his left foot behind Uke's right side. holds both of Uke's arms and pull Uke's body up to off balance him to the back. and steps his right foot between Tori's legs to turn his body half way to execute Haraigoshi. Because the control over his arms is not sufficient. 14). At this moment. stepping quickly behind Uke. A strong hold and control is extremely important. Tori grabs Uke's belt in the front with his right hand and pulls strongly to have tight body contact. Then. Tori controls Uke's body with his left arm over Uke's arms. Therefore. Tori's left hand grabs Uke's collar in the back over Uke's right arm and grab his left sleeve in the center with his right hand. Then. Tori grabs Uke's belt in the front with his right hand and pull him close to his body. If. pulling Uke's front belt quickly.25 However. This technique has some difference in the usage of his left hand. When Uke grabs Tori behind the neck with his right hand and pulls Tori close to this body. Scoops up Uke. and holds Uke's left hip. the left hand should be wrapped around Uke's elbows tightly and Uke is pushed off balance backward. like Type 1 and throws down. Then. drops his hip and stick his left hand over Uke's stomach. Tori takes left-handed position. Using this movement in sequence in split second is most important. grabs Uke's belt in the front with his right hand and pull close to control Uke's upper body (picture 13. Tori steps his left foot behind Uke's right back and pushes Uke's right arm at the elbow with his left arm. it is categorized as Yokosutemi. it is classified as Taniotoshi. Such as. Techniques of practical applications (1) Sticks left hand over Uke's both arms and hold Uke under Tori's left arm pit (Obiotoshi) When Uke is in right-handed position. In this case. At the same time. You can apply this technique to the following. He. he scoops up with Type 1 technique and throws down. Therefore. it can be easily detected and blocked by Uke. and holding Uke's body by one hand and using his hip to scoop up Uke's body. Tori must take some advantageous movement. then. At the same time. and Tori takes a defensive posture (picture 5). he pulls Tori two or three times strongly. you must not take any ugly posture more than six seconds. (3) In standing position. While Uke steps back. prohibited act #35. According to Kodokan tournament rules. (4) While you are competing in standing position. During the Meiji and Taisho Era. Such as. Tori holds Uke's body using Tori's left arm over Uke's left arm for control. So. .26 Tori grabs Uke's belt in the front with his right hand and the left hand grabs the trouser over his right knee. you must not grab your opponent's belt or edge of the sleeve more than six seconds. (Type 2) Difference between Obi-otoshi and Sukui-nage (Type 1) Obi-otoshi: Grabs Uke's belt in the front with one hand to pull and the other hand holds Uke on the hip in the back to scoop up (picture 6). Tori stands up and steps into Uke's right behind and pulls his right hand (which grips the belt) tight. Tori puts down his right (or left) knee on the mat and looks for an opportunity for a counter attack When Uke tries to pull Tori upward to a standing postion. holds Uke's left arm over the stomach and controls it (around the elbow) for tight body contact and scoop up and throws . it was widely used in those days. This technique also has some difference in usage of the left hand. the following rules apply for competition so this type of techniques can not be used nowadays. these techniques and technique of throwing from lying on one's back were allowed by regulations in competition. the rule was revised. takes a right defensive posture. because we can find this technique in Gokyonowaza #3-6. So.27 Sukui-nage: Use both hands to hold Uke behind the hip to scoop up. (Type 1) When grappling with each other. However. and Obi-otoshi was eliminated due to not being practical for Rondori practice. There is a difference of using the right or left hand in the above techniques. Obi-otoshi seemed to have been used in Rondori practice. then. Then. But. Tori. Therefore. When they grip each other. they look for the opportunity for a good grip. Tori puts his right shoulder against Uke's stomach and at the same time uses both arms to hold Uke around his thigh or knees. Tori takes a right defensive posture and grabs Uke's both wrist to push upward to stop his advance. Uke loses his balance forward to a floating position and becomes defenseless. 7. Also. techniques that are similar to this technique. At this opportunity. the concept of scooping up and dropping are the same. Tori drops his hip and body and swiftly places his right foot between Uke's legs. Tori throws Uke (picture 1. Obi-otoshi can be considered as "using the belt Sukui-nage". Uke pushes back and tries to shake off Tori's grips to become a stable posture. 2). Tori releases Uke's both hands. which was set in the 28th year of Meiji. the 9th year of Taisho. Using a scooping motion. During the Meiji Era. . At this moment. MOROTE-GARI (hand technique) Morote-gari is accomplished by Tori holding Uke's legs by wrapping both hands around them and by putting his shoulder against Uke's stomach to push him backward for a throw. Tori holds Uke's both legs and lifts and throw backward by Tori twisting his body to his right or left (Morote-gari) When Tori and Uke approach for grappling. When Tori comes close to Uke. Therefore. Also. There was a competitor who favored Morote-gari such as this. Therefore. Morote-gari is effective when Uke carelessly steps out or bends his body and attempts to regain normal posture. it is difficult to drop Uke down sharply. Tori spreads Uke's legs apart (to Tori's sides of the body) and bring Uke's body close and throws down. Tori places his right shoulder against Uke's chest while pulling both hands and pushes Uke down backward (picture 3). Tori claps hands in front of Uke's eyes (commonly called Nekodamashi). If Tori's holding position is too high. The key point of this technique is the judgement of distance between Tori and Uke. Also. When Tori executes Morote-gari by holding around Uke's hip or waist. Next techniques are all categorized as Morote-gari. At that precise moment. when Tori attacks Uke's eyes with upward motion of his fingers of both hands (or one hand) (commonly called Ryotegasumi or Katategasumi). catching Uke by surprise and causing him to lean backward.28 Or Tori uses his dashing power to break Uke's balance. requires sharp perception. Tori uses the power of his right shoulder and both hands to push Uke down. . it is practical and effective in competition. Tori attacks Uke with Morote-gari. Then. Tori rolls his body over to push Uke down. For judgement. When grabbing each other. holds Uke's legs with both hands. this type of techniques is not named clearly. into one motion is very important. this technique is widely used in Judo competition. . Tori dashes into Uke's abdomen. Tori takes a right defensive posture. holding Uke's legs. I. At this time. Once Tori holds up Uke's body with both hands and throws down forward. we should categorize the name of the throw by holding up or not (picture 4). putting right shoulder against Uke's chest to push him backward. Techniques of practical applications (1) When grabbing each other.29 Presently. swift steps. The technique of Morote-gari is basic throwing technique in wrestling and Sambo. combining all the movements. such as. it is not called Morote-gari. Sometimes. it is called Sukuinage. I believe it is necessary to train and study Morote-gari in the future. as the author categorize this as Morote-gari. throws down (picture 5). puts his shoulder against the right of Uke's abdomen and using a covering motion. Tori holds both of Uke's legs and covers with his body and pushes Uke down (Morote-gari). When Tori throws down in the following way. But. Therefore. Then. according to the concept of Morote-gari. Therefore. Then. turning the body half way to switch to Morote-gari. This technique is used when Uke blocks Tori's Seoinage. Tori releases his right hand and continues to pull his left hand while putting some distance between Uke and himself. Tori releases his left hand while continuing to hold Uke's left collar with his right hand. (3) Tori executes Tomoenage. At this moment. He lifts Tori with both hands to defense. Tori grips in the right handed position. Tori puts left shoulder against Uke's left chest to execute Morotegari. Tori let goes of both hands and turns his body half way to take a right defensive posture to face Uke. . sometimes the referee misjudges this throw even if you throw the opponent. you must be cautious when you execute this throw. Then. then. Tori raises his body and stands while holding Uke's legs and puts his right shoulder against Uke' abdomen and pushes him down (picture 6). then. He. So.30 Occasionally. Morote-gari is countered with Tawaragaeshi (Masutemiwaza) by Uke . Actually. then. stand to change to Morote-gari When Tori tries right Tomoenage. Then. Tori take a right defensive posture. then. When Tori executes the right Seoinage. he pretends to execute right Ippon seoinage and turns his body 360 degrees to execute Morote-gari. Tori pretends to execute right Ippon seoinage. turn his body 360 degrees to switch to (Morote-gari). turns his body 360 degrees to face opponent to become left defensive posture. At this moment. In the same way. Tori puts his right shoulder against Uke's right chest to push him down with Morote-gari. Uke blocks Tori's throw by leaning backward. (a) Getting into Seoinage. (b) Pretend to execute Seoinage. He. (2) Switch Seoinage to Morote-gari. puts right shoulder against Uke's abdomen to change to Morote-gari to push him down. Tori's objective is not to throw with Seoinage but to use it as a combination technique for Morote-gari. At this time. Uke drops his hip while stepping out his right foot over Tori's left outer thigh. . had demonstrated this technique in front of Professor Jigoro Kano and asked his opinion. According to present tournament rules. Professor Kano passed away in 1938 and this technique was not added to Kodokan's techniques. he holds Uke's right leg and puts right shoulder against Uke's abdomen. it was called Hizaori (by Mr. In Fusenryu. ninth degree. One day (date is not known). there was no regular name in the beginning. Generally.31 This technique enables Tori to throw Uke from a lying position to standing position. Many people used this technique. While grappling with each other. people used this technique in competition. Then. Raisuke Kudo). Mr. However. When Tori uses one hand to hook Uke's leg to throw him down backward. "Is it appropriate to call it Morote-gari? Professor Kano replied that it is a very effective technique and to name it to Kodokan's Morote-gari. there were some similar techniques like Morote-gari. it is categorized as a Kuchikidaoshi. this was an effective throw in a competition. In the old Jujitsu. (Type 2) Tori uses both hands to hold Uke's one leg to execute Morote-gari. then. This story was published in Kodokan Judo magazine "Sweat and Tear" in April 1969. This technique is not the regular Morote-gari. but Kodokan Waza Study Group Department recognizes as a Morote-gari. Kyutaro Kanda. drops his hip to take a right defensive posture. Since this was his favorite technique. He. Unfortunately. rolls over Uke's body and throws down. it is not recognized as a throw but during Meiji and Taisho Era. he asked Professor Kano. Tori dashes into Uke's abdomen. people called it Ashitorinage at that time. During Kodokan Era. stops to raise his body upward to the secured posture.32 In 1936. throw him in that direction in a split second by the twisting of hands. Then. when Mr. With this reaction. then steps back his right foot slightly behind his left foot line. he changes his supporting foot from right foot to left foot and swings his right leg powerfully between Tori's legs with Uchi-mata. At this moment. left backward to pull Tori's body forward. 8. Uke steps right. Tori steps left. In October 1982. stop his movement while pressuring Uke's body with both hands downward. Then. Uke reduces his pulling hands movement. he breaks Uke's balance in the direction of Uke's left foot. Tori steps his left foot back behind his right foot to turn his body left halfway. At that moment. Tori pulls down his right hand and pushes Uke's elbow with his left hand and throws down. right forward. Then. Kanda competed in the All Japan Judo Championship. then. Tori steps right foot forward and by dropping his hip and using Uke's swinging momentum. the name of the Morote-gari was already being used in describing the throws. (Type 1) Dodging Uke's right Uchi-mata by moving to the right to change Uchi-mata-kaeshi Tori and Uke takes a right natural posture. techniques similar to this technique. Uke steps in his right foot in between Tori's feet. then. Uke loses his balance due to missing Tori's body in the swing and his weight falls onto his supporting left foot (picture 4). Morote-gari was officially added to Kodokan techniques. . Also. Uke falls forward in a big circular motion with his left toe as the spinning point (picture 5). Tori raises his body upward. twists his body to the left halfway while pulling both hands to put Tori off-balance. UCHI-MATA-SUKASHI (hand technique) The technique of Uchi-mata-sukashi is dodging Uke's Uchi-mata to make him off balance. Then. he dodges Uke's right leg swing. then. he. it is difficult to dodge. Therefore. At this time. I take my right foot one step forward. I bring my knees together to side step my opponent's swinging his right leg (picture 8). If Uke tries Osotogari or other throws. Uke swings his right leg in slow motion. December 1966) "When my opponent swings his Uchi-mata. Tori may respond as follows: Keiki Osawa. Tori should turn his hip slightly instead of moving the body to the left to dodge. steps in his left foot to a left handed posture and throws him down. After dodging. The stepping back and re-stepping his left foot forward happens when Tori barely escapes the Uchi-mata or when there is a distance between Uke and Tori (picture 7). it is not a good defensive posture. Sometimes. It is to late to dodge when Uke's right leg is between Tori's legs. Tori will likely be thrown due to his insecure position. when Tori dodges Uke's Uchi-mata by stepping back his left foot. then. Then. explained his unique body movement as follows. Then. In the case of Kenken Uchi-mata.33 The key points of the techniques are as follows: When Tori pulls back his left foot. parallel to the opponent. 9th dan. who was a specialist in Uchi-mata-sukashi.published by Kodokan. steps his right foot forward to take a right defensive posture and twist him down. (Judo. . It is important for Tori to train his instinct to forestall in case of Uke's Uchi-mata. Tori pulls his left foot close to his right foot. then." Next case is not Uchi-mata-sukashi. I change to Taiotoshi and throw him down. his weight goes onto his supporting leg and loses his balance. then. (Type 2) Dodge Uke's Uchi-mata in between Tori's legs-Uchi-mata-sukashi Uke takes right defensive posture to pull down Tori's upper body. then. At this opportunity. If my opponent's left foot is still touching the mat. 14). . then. I step my right foot forward and bringing my knees together to prohibit my opponent from inserting his leg between my legs. attempts to raise upper body to return to a secured position. At the moment Tori raises his upper body to keep his balance. raises his left foot high to dodge Uke's swinging leg causing it to loose it's objective. He. Uke. The key point of dodging: Like two trains passing each other at full speed.34 Since my opponent misses his swing. steps his right foot slightly forward to support his body. Tori opens both legs and takes a defensive posture. He. spins by himself and falls sharply (picture 13. Uke breaks Tori's balance by pulling forward and swings his right leg between Tori's legs to throw by Uchi-mata. Uke slightly reduces his pulling motion and as Tori attempt to raise his body. I use my body to put my opponent further off balance and complete the throw. he. and by throwing with both hand pulling. it is called Taiotoshi. Tori is in a crossed position. After dodging Uke's Uchi-mata and by placing his left foot in front of Uke's left foot. then his right foot in deeply. The technique. 1989. Tori turns his body to his right and moves behind Uke to dodge.35 The key point is when Uke swings his right leg. If Tori receives Uke's swing directly in front of his body. it is called Sumiotoshi. it was called Ukiotoshi. Next technique is not Uchi-mata-sukashi. In this technique. Tori turns his body to the left to dodge. but in the case where the dodging is done by moving behind Uke. This technique was confirmed by Kodokan Waza Study Group Department in March 14. Type 2. Although there are these three methods to dodge. the dodging is done between the legs. Because of the dodging of the Uchi-mata. Type 1. Before being named Uchi-mata-sukashi. as his dodges the swing. steps his left foot. it should be changed to Uchi-mata-sukashi. Ukiotoshi: Float Uke's body forward to put off balance and pull (twist) down to throw. (Type 3) Difference between Uchi-mata-sukashi and Ukiotoshi Uchi-mata-sukashi: Dodge Uke's Uchi-mata to off balance and throw in that direction. When Uke swings his leg for Uchi-mata. Tori steps slightly forward to decrease the distance between himself and Uke. Tori. it is difficult to dodge and Uke's Uchi-mata will succeed. The technique. Tori pushes Uke down with both hands in the direction of Uke's left foot. Uke's dodged right leg floats and his weight go to his left supporting foot and proceeds to lose his balance. many opinions were expressed that to clearly define the difference. turn his body slightly left and raises his left foot high to dodge. . Therefore. 5th Dan. in this case. if A's throw is not effective and B is in standing position. in the case of sukasu. one might think that A has lost. However. According to the rule (section 7). 5th Dan (later 9th Dan) loss to Yoshiaki Kuroda. won the AllJapan Judo Championship in 1941. All Judo techniques are expressed in the Kanji (Chinese characters). it was decided to use the hiragana instead of the Kanji. lost by Uchi-mata-sukashi There is an episode in reference to the dodging technique. the referees had (a) foremost in their mind to define this concept. 5th Dan. However.falling by being thrown or falling by dodging (b) Normally fall on his back (c) Fall must have some speed and bounce The above three points are still used in the present rules. Iwao Hirose. 9th Dan. the throw is described or decided by the last throwing technique. and Tsurikomigoshi. is used only for Uchimata. sukashi. there are so many meaning related to that word. Hirose. the term of throwing techniques resulting in ippon are described as follows: (a) Falling must not be intentional . A falls intentionally in order to throw B. it is not an a legitimate throw. But. who witnessed Iwao Hirose. and Yoshiaki Kuroda. I'm not sure . Condition of Sukashi (competition rule) The first Kodokan Judo rule was established in 1900. sukasu. If sukashi is used in other techniques. Iwao Hirose." Before World War II. He won many prestigious tournaments and is a record holder and had a brilliant judo career. Haraigoshi. there is no doubt A will win. "Either during 1937 or 1938. 5th Dan. 9th Dan. competed in Kyoto. if A slips and falls while trying to throw B. If A throws B efficiently. Also.36 (Type 4) How Uchi-mata-sukashi has been named after many studies and discussion When Kodokan Waza Study Group Department discussed the new names of the throwing techniques. they also studied the meaning of the Kanji (Chinese character). Professor Jigoro Kano explained (a) in the judo magazine published in July 1916 as follows: "A tries to execute Tomoenage or Yokogake to B by sacrificing his body. According to Shinichi Oimatsu. and is not thrown or dodged by B. His favorite techniques were Ipponseoinage. 5th Dan (later 8th Dan) by Uchi-mata-sukashi. which are generally called Kukinage. Uke. Tori kneels his left knee with the tip of his toes placed on the mat (at this time. trying to keep his balance. But referee. So. Uke tries to step his right foot forward to hold Tori in the right natural posture. announced Ippon. one must throw the opponent or dodge opponent's technique to throw him down. . Therefore. but he wanted to teach a lesson to his favorite student. pulls Uke forward. takes his right foot backward in Tsugiashi to further put Uke off balance. the angle of the left leg in relation to the right leg is 30 to 40 degree). At this time. unfortunately. Hirose pulled Kuroda to his back and swung his leg up to throw Kuroda. therefore. But. my opponent didn't do anything and I fell by myself accidentally. Then. Tori steps his left foot way back to put Uke further off balance. again. in this case.37 whether it was with Haraigoshi or Uchi-mata.' Perhaps Professor Isogae knew the definition of dodging. follows Tori's Tsugiashi and takes one step forward with his right foot. therefore. After the tournament. Uke takes another step forward in Tsugiashi to maintain his balance. then. we must consider these problems and study the true meaning of judo techniques. but. again. 10th Dan. Tori. you can not allow any mistake. Both players were stunned a little while with this call. Hirose asked his teacher as follows: 'For Ippon call. Hajime Isogai. Kuroda did not do anything. with both hands Tori pulls down strongly to the left and throws or uses a similar technique to throw. even dodging. Hirose missed his swing and fell by himself in a big spinning motion. UKIOTOSHI (hand technique) The technique of Ukiotoshi is making Uke's body into a right (left) forward floating position. who was Hirose's judo teacher. Professor Isogae lectured Hirose as follows: 'You are 5th degree black belt in Judo. many referees are neglecting or not understanding the meaning of dodge. Ukiotoshi and Sumiotoshi are identical techniques. I do not understand your call. Kuroda wasn't there. and give points for any kind of falls. when Ukeresponds to this pull by putting his right foot forward." Now a days Judo has been developed as a competitive sport. (Type 1) Nage-no-kata techniques (per Kodokan Nage-no-kata) Tori & Uke face each other in a right natural posture. Tori. Tori uses Uke's movement to step his left foot back in a Tsugiashi to keep pace while pulling Uke's body forward in a right natural posture. Therefore.' In replying to this question. 9. Then. throws in one motion. These Nagenokata techniques are illustrations of how to put Uke off balance by taking a step back. At the same time. rather than twisting his ﾁ @hands. At this time. Tori grips Uke's right trouser over his knee with his left hand in a pulling motion to make Uke off balance to his left front forward. with each step larger. Themoment that Uke steps his right foot forward. they all agreed to segregate as Ukiotoshi. Tori. Tori pulls his left foot way back and immediately pulls his right foot back. he should concentrate his whole strength in pulling toward his hip. By twisting his body to the right. and on the third step. Tori throws down. Tori drops his body and places his left knee on to the mat and pulls down and throws. Tori grabs Uke's belt over his back and pulls. twice. (2) Tori grabs Uke's belt over his back with the right hand and grip Uke's trouser over his knee and throws by twisting (Ukiotoshi) When Uke bends his body in a defensive position. Tori pulls both hands strongly toward himself and throws. The following are similar techniques. it is called Sukuinage. Then Tori places his right leg between Uke's legs and scoops Uke's body up and twists his body to the right and throws down. The logic of this technique is not too good but we see many cases during the competition. In this case. . Techniques of practical applications. When Tori pulls both hands. while pulling Uke toward the right front forward into a floating ﾁ @position. once. Ukiotoshi is not only executed with a dropped knee but is used extensively from a standing position in randori practice. The moment Uke loses his balance to his right forward. Uke falls forward in a big circular motion with his right toe as the point of rotation. (1) Throwing the Uke in standing position (Ukiotoshi) Tori tries to make Uke off balance toward his right front forward. thereby putting somedistance between each other. Tori widen his stance and drops his hip to take a right defensive posture to secure his balance. Tori lifts his right hand in a upward motion and pulls his left hand down and puts Uke off balance to his right front forward into a floating position. Then. After Kodokan Waza Study Group Department studied this technique. Purpose of Nagenokata is to try to learn the logic of these movements.38 Then. while in a standing position (without completely dropping his left knee on the mat) changes his pulling direction from upward to downward toward his left foot. Tori grabs Uke's belt over his back with his right hand and grips Uke's trouser with his left hand. Uke falls in a large circular motion with his right toe as a pivot point. Tori and Uke hold each other in a natural right-handed posture. To match this movement. tries to step back his left foot and return to normal posture. With all his weight on his right toe. While Tori pushes his right hip forward. Techniques of practical applications. Tori shifts his body 180 degree to the left using both of his toes as the shaft. Tori will sufficiently cause Uke to lose his balance. (2) Twist both hands (without twisting his body) and throws down (Ukiotoshi). Tori grabs Uke's right sleeve (or right collar) with his left hand and grabs the lower part of the left sleeve with his right hand. At this moment. In response to the push. As mentioned previously. While in a floating position. At the moment Uke's body is completely off balance Tori pushes his right hand and pulls his left hand down and throws. While controlling Uke's body. but his body is already off-balance so Uke. Tori tries to step his right foot back and pulls Uke forward to put him off-balance. Tori releases his pull and pushes his right hand. coordinate both hand movements (push and pull) and the twisting of the hip. Tori and Uke hold each other in right-handed natural posture. the moment that Uke steps his left foot back Tori steps his right foot forward while pushing Uke's left elbow with his right hand and pulls his left hand upward. Tori takes a deep step forward with his right foot to take a right defensive posture. Tori pushes Uke up and down to throw. Tori chases Uke by stepping his right foot in . again. By pushing Uke's left elbow up. (1) Push Uke's left elbow with Tori's right hand and throws (Ukiotoshi). Uke tries to step his left foot back. Tori chases Uke's movement to put him in a floating right forward position and then pushes him down for a throw (Ukiotoshi). Uke is unable to touch the mat with his left foot creating a floating position and thereby losing his balance. Uke steps his left foot forward to stop. This causes Uke's body to further float in the direction of his right front forward (Uke's right foot direction). At this time. Uke pulls his left foot back and raises his body upright.39 (Type 2) When Uke steps his left foot back. he pushes his right hand up while his left hand pulls up and out to Uke's right front for a floating postion. To make this technique efficient. Tori bends both knees and drops his hip in a secure position facing straight against Uke. As his turns his body to change the direction. When Uke tries to step back with his left foot (same as Type 2). (Type 3) Dodge Uke's throws and change to Ukiotoshi (combination techniques from dodging). leans back without twisting his body and throws to the left by twisting his arms. (4) Dodge opponent's right Kouchigari to change to Ukiotoshi. Tori pulls his left hand and pushes his right hand and twists Uke down and throws. He. Tori pulls his right hand and pushes his left hand and twists Uke's body down for a throw. At this moment. At this time. his body will float to the left front forward. Tori pushes his left hand up and pulls his right hand down and throws. then. Tori steps back his left foot the moment before Uke executes a right Osotogari by bending his body forward and swinging his right leg forward. Tori brings his lifted leg back to become a left-handed position. At this moment. Tori throws Uke toward the direction he is floating by twisting down. In these dodging movements to change to Ukiotoshi. (2) Dodge opponent's right Osotogari by Tori swinging his right leg high to change to Ukiotoshi. Tori must anticipate Uke's sweep and step his foot back quickly to dodge Uke's sweep. his right foot is in a floating position and his whole weight is on his left heel causing his off-balance. Uke will automatically turns his body and throws himself. Uke loses his balance to his left front forward. When the timing is perfect against Uke's sharp sweep. As Uke's right leg drift backward with momentum. (3) Dodge Uke's right Ouchigari to change to Ukiotoshi. high to dodge. Tori dodges Uke's sweep by stepping back his right foot causing Uke's body to float to his left front corner. In the . At this moment. Then.40 and puts Uke off-balance to his right front forward. The moment before Uke's Ouchigari. (1) Dodge opponent's Osotogari to change to Ukiotoshi. When Uke misses his sweep. In addition to these. The moment before Uke sweeps for right Kouchigari. Tori can throw Uke's body to his right (outside of Uke's right foot). Tori steps his right foot back to take a left-handed posture for dodging. The moment before Uke sweeps his right leg for Osotogari. At this moment. Tori steps his left foot back to take a righthanded position for dodging. the dodging of Uke's Hanegoshi is also known as Ukiotoshi. Tori puts the back of his head to Uke's right side of hip (center of Uke's body or around his belt). Tori puts his right hand between Uke's legs and holds Uke's lower body. This causes Uke to put his weight on his right toe. (Type 1) Pull Uke forward to execute Kataguruma. Tori steps his right foot in between Uke's legs and bends both knees. Then. Tori twists his body to the left as he pulls his hand upward and pushes his right hand upward. without stopping his move. it is called Uchimatasukashi instead of Ukiotoshi. he picks up Uke's body in the third step and throws as explained previously. Tori pulls Uke's body straight toward him as he steps back. then. In Nagenokata Tori changes his left grip from the outside to the inside of Uke's right sleeve in the second step. Tori & Uke hold each other in a right handed natural posture. Tori pulls his left hand down toward his left hip. At this time. To break Uke's balance. When Tori dodges Uke's Ouchigari and Kouchigari to change to Ukiotoshi. Tori. neck and chest simultaneously and picks up Uke's body from right shoulder to left shoulder. Uke resist this movement and stretches his body backward. it is similar to Ouchigaeshi and Kouchigaeshi. left shoulder (or right shoulder). breaking his balance. takes a big step back with his left foot forcing Uke to put his right foot forward. Techniques similar to this are also called Kataguruma. then. Tori.41 case of dodging the Uchimata by pulling down. This technique is the same concept as Nagenokata. back of the head. Kataguruma (hand technique) Kataguruma is accomplished by making Uke off balance by pulling in a straight forward motion or right front forward (or left front forward) motion. drops his hip to become right defensive posture. Tori picks up Uke's body onto Tori's right shoulder (or left shoulder). The difference will be explained later in the relative throws. pulls his left hand down and pushes Uke up with his right hand and uses his neck as a shaft to throw from his left shoulder to left forward direction (direction of pointed left toe). 10. and straightened his head. then Uke is thrown down to complete the wheel motion. . there by. Pull Uke's off balanced body forward and put his right shoulder to Uke's right front hip. Uke falls in a circular motion to Tori's left forward. brings his left foot close to his right foot. While Tori picks up Uke. When Uke tries to grab Tori's right sleeve with his left hand. Uke tries to defense against Tori's throw by grabbing Tori's upper body. (2) Tori kneels his left knee and picks up and throws down (Kataguruma) (change from Uchimata). Uke grips Tori's left collar with his right hand. (Type 2) Tori drops one knee onto mat. stands the right knee).(3) Bend Tori's body backward to throw. he pulls his left foot back to change his body direction to the left. . Tori places his head outside of Uke's right hip and pulls his left hand toward Uke's right front forward. Tori drops his hip and slides in his right foot between Uke's legs and kneel his right knee (stands his left knee). (1) Tori drops his right knee onto mat. stands up to throw down (Kataguruma). Tori uses opposite foot (kneel the left knee. Tori picks up Uke and bends his body forward and throws down straight forward. as he stands up and throws down to left forward . Generally. Tori picks up Uke's body on his both shoulders and places right hand between Uke's legs and holds Uke's right leg. Tori bends his body backward to change to a sacrifice throw by throwing himself and Uke together backward. picks up Uke to throw (Kataguruma). it was very popular during the Meiji Era. Tori pulls his right hand toward himself and lifts Uke's body. As he steps back with his left foot and pulls Uke's body to right front forward into a floating position with his left hand. the direction of throwing is toTori's left (or right) forward but sometimes there are exceptions such as the following. (2) Tori bends his body forward and throws. At the same time. Tori's right hand grips Uke's right sleeve and moves both hands closer together and pulls straight down to throw forward. Sometimes. The completed throw resembles the Ipponseoinage. (1) Tori twists his body to the left and throws Uke straight forward. then. As Tori picks up Uke. Tori grips Uke's right sleeve with his left hand.42 Techniques of practical applications. Because of the efficiency of this technique. These Kataguruma techniques are efficient throws in competition. Tori holds down that hand to keep some distance. sometimes. Uke makes a big circular motion in the air and falls. puts his head under Uke's left hip and places his left hand between Uke's legs and hold the left knee. Tori lifts Uke's body onto both shoulders. Uke will lose his balance at this time and go into a floating position. holds Uke's legs from the outside. Tori pulls both hands close to his body and bends his body backward to throw Uke over in close body contact. Tori executes right Uchimata by swinging up his right foot outward against Uke's left foot to float Uke's body. pulls his right hand to unbalance Uke. Tori & Uke face each other in defensive posture. throws Uke down in the direction of his right foot. If this technique is executed with perfect timing. places it behind left foot and twists his body to the right. At this time. This technique is a feint motion from Uchimata to Kataguruma. Tori lifts Uke up and carries him on his right shoulder and bends backward and throws. then. Tori releases the grip and pushes Uke's hand upward. (Type 4) Pick up Uke's body straight up unto Tori's right shoulder and bend backward to throw (Kataguruma). stands his right knee. Kataguruma (Type 1) (3) throws the opponent in standing position but this technique pulls the opponent close to both shoulders and bends the body backward for a throw without standing. Tori grabs Uke's both wrist to push up. Tori places his left knee on the mat between Uke's legs. Other technique: When Tori executes Morotegari. Then. Uke tries to defense by bending his body .43 Tori & Uke hold each other in right handed position. Tori does not release Uke's body in the throw. (Type 3) Bend Tori's body backward to throw (Kataguruma) Same as Type 1. Tori needs good timing and quick body movement. Tori puts his right shoulder against Uke's right front hip to pick him up. Tori keeps his left knee on the mat without standing. Tori steps in his right foot between Uke's legs while lowering his body. Tori pulls his left hand down toward his body and using his back of the head as a shaft. At this moment. Uke tries to break the hold by pushing back. At this time. Tori pulls back his sweeping leg. To use this technique. shifting his weight backward (facing each other). Uke will fall in a big circular motion with Tori slightly touching both shoulder to Uke's body. Tori puts his head under Uke's right armpit with right shoulder under Uke's stomach. Tori drops his body and rushes the center of Uke's body and steps in with his right foot between Uke's leg to take a defensive posture. Then. Tori brings his left foot close to Uke's right foot. Tori. He. Tori's second step. Tori brings back his right foot close behind his left foot to take a left defensive posture. left foot and stops. As Tori pushes. Tori and Uke hold each other in the right handed natural posture. stops. 11. Tori takes a big step with his left foot to the outside of Uke's right foot (at the same time as Uke's left step forward). Then. At this time. He. pushes Uke up and throws down (Sumiotoshi). Tori pulls Uke's right hand to bring Uke's left foot forward. then. Uke's left foot goes forward to put him off balance to his right backward. Tori decreases the pressure of his right hand causing Uke's left foot to step forward to push. This technique is very similar to Uranage. A moment before Uke places his foot on the mat. At this time. Since these techniques are recognized in regular competition as ippon and are similar to old Jujitsu techniques. right steps forward. Tori changes his right hand grip from Uke's left collar to the middle of his left sleeve. which would be his right foot. loses his balance to his right backward. causing his weight to lean heavily on his right heel. Tori takes a right defensive posture and presses Uke down with both hands. Kodokan Waza Study Group Department segregated and named them as Kataguruma. Uke is unable to put his weight on his left foot. is placed in front of Uke's right foot (this position enables Tori to step in quickly and faster). then. we consider it as Masutemi waza's Uranage. When Uke pushes Tori back. Along with Uke's push. Uke steps back his right. it is a great opportunity to execute Kataguruma. At these times. Tori should advance a few steps in lowered position to lift on his right shoulder. Then. pushes to try to regain his orginal position. With Tori's right hand pushing up and the left hand pulling down. Tori puts Uke off balance to his left backward. Tori should experience less resistance from Uke. (Type 1) While Tori is pulling. Sumiotoshi (hand technique) Sumiotoshi is accomplished by Tori stepping his left foot (or right foot) beside Uke's right foot (or left foot). Tori pulls his right hand in a circular motion to push Uke's elbow up. Tori pushes Uke up and throws down or similar to this type of techniques.44 forward or Uke tries to hold Tori's upper body to change to Tawaragaeshi to throw straight backward. In doing this. By taking left. Using his body movement and both hands Tori puts Uke off balance to his right backward (or left backward). When Tori pick up Uke's body to throw backward in sacrifice position. then. then. When Tori executes these techniques. Tori puts . The moment Tori steps his right foot forward. Tori lifts his right hand (while gripping Uke's left collar) and pulls his left hand down to put Uke off balance to his right backward. To accomplish this. pushes up his right hand and pulls his left hand straight down. such as Uke's execution of Sasaetsurikomiashi (standing on right foot and left foot is off of the ground). push Uke down (Sumiotoshi). Uke executes left Sasaetsurikomiashi.. Uke falls backward in a big circular motion with his heel as the pivot point. it is less effective in breaking Uke's balance to his right backward but Tori using his right hand in a pull and push movement in good timing is able to push Uke down sharply. Tori throw down Uke as explained in type 1. . Tori needs well coordinated body movement and work of both hands. Haraitsurikomiashi (foot technique). causing him to lose his balance. Tori grips Uke's left front collar with his right hand to make Uke off balance (Sumiotoshi). The key point of this technique is Uke's inability to put his weight on his left foot and his weight shifting heavily to his right foot. Therefore. Then. bends his upper body. and throws Uke's body to his right backward in one motion. Dodging Uke's Uchimata (foot technique) by stepping behind Uke's body and executing Sumiotoshi. Tori make Uke off balance to his right backward while gripping Uke's left front collar with Tori's right hand. The key point of this technique is Tori must perceive Uke's move. such as Hizaguruma (foot technique). timing is very important. Techniques of practical applications. The following can be similarly changed to Sumiotoshi: All throw that start with Uke standing on one leg. Uke steps back to pull Tori. 2. Tori perceiving Uke's attempt as Uke stands on his right leg. (Type 2) By using Uke's attempted throw to push Uke down (Sumiotoshi) 1. To compare this technique to type 1. but the difference is. At the time of Uke's execution of left Sasaetsurikomiashi. moves his right foot close to his left foot to support his body firmly as he steps in his left foot close to the outside of Uke's right leg to become a defensive posture. Tori & Uke hold each other in right natural posture. The timing of the execution of the technique. the work of both hands and body movement (Tsukuri) and (Kake) are same as type 1.45 his weight to his left foot. left. While Uke's body is off balance. Uke executes right Uchimata by swinging up his right leg. it is called Uchimatagaeshi. Haraigoshi (hip technique). right to force Uke to step forward. Tori jumps in with his left foot far behind Uke's supporting left leg and he twists his body to the right and steps back his right foot toward his left heel to dodge. techniques similar to this technique. Tori can throw Uke down backwards. Then. Both uses only hands to throw down. This is still considered as Sumiotoshi. (Type 3) Difference between Sumiotoshi & Ukiotoshi These two techniques are mentioned in Ukiotoshi section as Kukinage. left. Sometimes. Then. 12. They are similar but we will compare the slight differences. Tori is able to dodge and execute Sumiotoshi. as Tori pulls up Uke's leg. Also. Uke's right leg floats in the air and loses his balance since his weight moved to the outside of his left foot. but loses his balance for some reason. (Type 1) Tori uses right hand to grab Uke's right leg from the inside and throws down (Kuchiki-taoshi) Tori and Uke grab each other in the right natural posture. Seoinage (hand technique) Tsurikomigoshi (hip technique). he pushes him back to throws him down. Hanegoshi (hip technique).46 When Tori steps back his right foot. Tori covers Uke with his body to throw down. Sumiotoshi: Make Uke's body off balance to his right backward (Uke's right heel) and throw down in the direction of Uke's right heel. Tori takes left defensive posture and press Uke down with both hands and stops. When Tori twists his body to his right (opposite movement of Sumiotoshi) and dodge Uke's right Uchimata to throw. Tori steps back right. Tori throws Uke straight down with both hand. it is called Uchimatasukashi. It is easy to understand the difference between these two techniques since the direction of putting off balance and throwing is opposite. Uke takes left defensive . right. Kuchiki-taoshi (hand technique) Kuchiki-taoshi is accomplished by Tori grabbing Uke's leg from the outside or inside with one hand in a split second. When Uke tries to execute any technique. When Uke uses the following techniques. When Tori quickly twist his body and uses his left foot (or leg) to sweep (or hook) Uke's left supporting leg. Ukiotoshi: Make Uke's body off balance to his right forward (Uke's right toe) and pull down or push down to throw in the direction of Uke's right toe. At this time. it is called (Kosotogake). Pull left hand down and push Uke backward. sometimes. Tori turns his body to face Uke. he changes his left foot position to the outside of Uke's right foot. grabs Uke right leg with his right hand and pulls up as he pulls his left hand straight down. Uke leans his upper body backward for defense. If (Tsukuri) is not enough. Tori. He. He. Tori turns his body half way to face Uke. Then. pushes Uke backward by covering Uke's body to throw. then turns his body to the left 360 degrees. then. Tori pulls Uke's right leg with his right hand. grabs Uke's right leg from the inside and pulls up as his left hand pulls down to throw Uke backward. left in order to grab Uke's right leg with his right hand. pulls his right hand up (which has grabbed Uke's right leg). he holds Uke's right leg from the inside around behind his knee with his right hand. it is called Taniotoshi (Yokosutemiwaza). twists his body 360 degrees to change to Kuchikitaoshi. then. Tori pretends to execute right Ipponseoinage. When Tori tries to throw with right Ipponseionage. Tori pretends to execute Seionage. Uke steps his left foot backward and tries to raise his upper body to become a secured position. he then steps in deeply behind Uke's legs and sacrifice his body to throw Uke down. Tori loosens up both pulling hands and push Uke with his right hand. . He. Then. A moment before Uke's move. When Tori grabs Uke's right leg by holding from the inside with his right hand. steps his left foot to the outside of Uke's right leg to become a right defensive posture. Then. In this instance. gets closer to Uke's body to become left defensive posture. When Tori grabs Uke's right leg with his right hand and sweeps Uke's left foot (supporting leg) with his left foot. Uke leans his upper body backward for defense. Tori steps close to Uke's right side to take a left defensive posture. Tori steps his right foot close to his own left foot. He. right.47 posture and stops. then. using his right foot as a spinning point. steps in his left foot beside the outer side of Uke's right foot. Then. (1) Combination of your technique to become Kuchiki-taoshi (a) Execute Seionage. (b) From Kataguruma turn the body halfway to change to Kuchiki-taoshi When Tori tries to lift upUke by right Kataguruma. Next throwing is not Kuchiki-taoshi. twist body 180 degrees to change to Kuchiki-taoshi. then steps his right foot in front of Uke's right foot. then. Tori needs to follow quickly in conjunction with Uke's steps. then. as he pulls his left hand straight down and pushes him backward. then. Techniques of practical applications. then.48 (2) From Uke's execution of technique to change to Kuchiki-taoshi The change from Uke's right Oshotogari to Kuchiki-taoshi The moment Uke executes right Osotogari. Tori holds Uke's right leg from the outside with his left hand to scoop up Uke behind the knee. pulls down his right hand as he pushes Uke right backward. pushes Uke's upper body with his right hand. Tori is able to throw down at once like Type 1. Tori must have good coordination of both hand-work and strong dashing power. then. (Type 2) Tori uses his left hand to hold Uke's right leg from the outside to throw Kuchiki-taoshi Tori & Uke hold each other in right natural posture. Uke loses his balance since all his weight goes on his left heel. At this moment. (Type 1)-Tori is able to throw Uke at once because he can pull up Uke's right leg with his right hand as his pulls his left hand straight down. then. take a right defensive posture. Tori grabs Uke's right leg from the inside with his right hand and pulls up as his pulls his left hand down to throw Uke backward. Techniques of practical applications (1) Change from your own throwing techniques to Kuchiki-taoshi (a) Change from Ouchigari to Kuchiki-taoshi When Tori executes right Ouchigari. When Uke steps back his left foot. (Type 1)-Tori grabs Uke's leg from inside. Uke is able to defense by stepping back his left foot. (Type 2)-Tori pulls Uke's right leg with his left hand from the outside as he pushes his right hand backward. Tori keeps pushing Uke as his left hand continues to pull up to throw backward. Tori switches his grip from Uke's left collar to the right collar (stick four fingers inside). Tori steps back his right foot and take a left defensive posture. He. At the same time. Tori grabs Uke's left leg from the outside with his right . He. At this moment. Since. Uke responds by swinging up his left foot up in the air for defense. Since Uke's weight is on his right leg. He. This technique is different from Type 1 in grabbing Uke's leg. Tori steps his right foot in deeply between Uke's legs and brings his body close to Uke. This technique is also applicable when Uke tries Haraigoshi or Tsurikomigoshi which shows Uke's back to Tori. A moment before Tori grabs Uke's right leg from the outside with his left hand. (Type 2)-Tori grabs Uke's leg from outside. the same technique can also be used. (c) The change from Seoinage to Kuchiki-taoshi When Tori executes right Ipponseoinage. Tori grabs Uke's right leg with his left hand from the outside. He. Uke defense by leaning his body backward.49 hand and pulls up with his left hand to throw Uke to his left backward. (2) The change from Uke's throwing to Kuchiki-taoshi When Uke executes right Hizaguruma. the use of the right hand is different. then. sweeps Uke's right foot from the inside with his right foot. pushes Uke's upper body with his right hand and throws down. The difference of grabbing . then. When Uke executes Sasaetsurikomiashi. hooks his right arm against the right side of Uke's right leg (like Sotomuso in Sumo). it is called Kosotogake. pushes Uke down. pulls down his left hand and puts his weight on Uke's body to throw down. Tori steps his left foot deeply into Uke's right side to become a left defensive posture. Tori turns his body half way to face Uke. then. Since Tori's right hand is not strong enough to pull up. This is called Ouchigari. At this moment. then. He. He. Tori steps in his right foot between Uke's legs and becomes a right defensive posture. he. he hooks his right foot against the outside of Uke's left leg and sweeps down. Next technique is not Kuchiki-taoshi. Then. When Tori grabs Uke's left leg with his right hand. In this technique. (b) Change from Kouchigari to Kuchiki-taoshi When Tori executes right Kouchigari. (Type 3) The difference between Kuchiki-taoshi (Type1) and Sukuinage (Type 3) Kuchiki-taoshi (Type 1) . Uke responds by swinging up his right foot in the air for defense. Sukuinage (Type 3) .Tori inserts one hand between the legs to grab the thigh deep enough to be able to scoop Uke's lower body and throw. In this case. Tori grabs Uke's right leg from the outside with his left hand and pulls up. Tori keeps hooking his right arm against Uke's right leg and puts his upper body against Uke to push his down. Tori grabs Uke's leg as previously stated and sweeps Uke's left leg from the inside with his right leg. When Tori grabs Uke's right leg with his left hand. At this moment. Next technique is not Kuchiki-taoshi. pulls up the leg and pushes him down. then. He.Tori grabs Uke's leg from the inside with one hand. then. It is called Kouchigari. when the leg is grabbed shallowly. Therefore. he wrote that he fought Mr. techniques that are similar to this technique. He. Yuji Hirooka. and if grabbed deeply. they use not only throwing techniques but striking techniques to control the opponent. If you want to study the original Kuchiki-taoshi. The difference is classified by whether one leg remains on the mat or whether both legs are in the air when thrown. Kodokan judo magazine (May 1957) mentions Mr. 13.Rival to Kodokan Judo at that time)". In a letter to his father about this tournament. it was named Kuchiki-taoshi. who is a certificate holder of Sekiguchiryu and whose favorite technique was Kuchiki-taoshi. there are some differences between present randori techniques. Uke steps back right. In Jujitsu. Generally. Since this throw reminds us of a rotten giant tree falling from the roots. it is highly believable that Kuchikitaoshi existed in both Totsukayoshinryu and Sekiguchiryu at that time. (died in Japan vs. According to the above references. it becomes Sukuinage. right. Shodan. Uke strikes Tori. Then. Also. There were differences among the Jujitsu style in this technique but they are not known. Shodan. then. you should refer to this book. left. Takeo Hirose. but Tori steps in just before Uke's attack and strikes Uke chest with his right hand and sweeps Uke's right leg (behind Uke's knee) from the outside with his left hand to throw down. Tori and Uke comes close to each other. Tori steps forward left.50 between the two techniques does not necessarily classify between Kuchiki-taoshi and Sukuinage. left. Russia war at Ryojun Harbor) competed in Kodokan fall Red/White tournament (1891) and was promoted to Nidan due to outstanding performance. "I was taught Kuchiki-taoshi by Professor Kinsaku Yamamoto (Totsukayoshinryu . to make Uke off balance backward. a new illustration of Jujitsu techniques) a techniques similar to Kuchiki-taoshi is mentioned. According to the illustration of this book. ninth dan. Kibisu-gaeshi. Kibisu-gaeshi (hand technique) In the technique. In the book (Tenshinshinyoryu. mentions in relation to this technique (in Study of techniques against larger opponents). Kuchiki-taoshi again appears. Tori lowers his body and grabs Uke's heel from the inside or outside with one hand and sweeps Uke down backward in a split second. Kuchiki-taoshi is one of the throwing techniques in the old Jujitsu. (Type 1) Tori grabs Uke's right heel from the inside with his right hand and sweeps down (Kibisu-gaeshi) Tori and Uke hold each other in right natural posture. take . Professor Kyutaro Kanda. it becomes Kuchiki-taoshi. right. In the second technique in Nagesute. Tori lowers his body and closes into Uke's right foot. Tori pulls his right hand toward himself to sweep down backward as he pulls his left hand straight down. The purpose of this technique is to deceive Uke into thinking Ipponseoinage is going to be executed where as Kibisu-gaeshi is the primary objective. Uke is able to support his body with his left foot by just lifting his right foot to escape from Tori's sweep. Techniques of practical applications. turns his body 360 degrees to the left. he evades the throw by stepping his right foot forward. He. grabs Uke's right heel from the inside with his right hand and sweeps him down. pushes Tori by stepping right foot forward. Usage of Tori's right hand is not to pull upward but to pull outward to widen the space between Uke's leg and cause him to lose his balance backwards. Change from your own throwing techniques to Kibisu-gaeshi (1) Tori pretends to execute right Ipponseoinage. Tori. 1. in turn.51 a left defensive posture to push Tori back and tries to go back to a secured posture. then steps his right foot to the outside of Uke's right foot. But to hook Uke's right heel quickly. Tori turns his body slightly to the right. To succeed with this throw. Therefore. It is not necessary for Tori to put his knee down on the mat. he needs to lowers his body to get closer. (2) When Uke evades Tori's Ipponseoinage by stepping forward. Then. Tori grabs Uke's right heel from the inside with his right hand and sweeps down. Tori reduces the pressure of both pushing hands and pulls his left hand. to use as spinning point. Tori lowers his body by stepping back his left foot. Uke. As Uke's body floats upward. then change to Kibisu-gaeshi Tori pretends to execute right Ipponseoinage. At this moment. Tori takes that opportunity to execute Kibisu-gaeshi Tori picks up Uke with Ipponseoinage. then. then. Then. Tori should have some distance between Uke and himself to be able to spin his body to pick him up. pulling of the left hand straight down the precise time Uke shifts his weight is most important. It is too late to sweep Uke's right foot after Uke's shifts his weight onto his right foot. The key point of this technique is as follows. right foot and places his right knee on the mat. At this point. Tori's left foot is placed on the outside of Uke's right foot. At this moment. Tori . The timing of the sweeping of the heel with right hand. Tori uses his right hand to hook Uke's heel. The only difference is the use of the hand instead of the foot when Tori sweeps Uke's foot. The concept of this technique is the same as Kouchigari. If Tori misses this timing. Tori steps his left foot to the outside of Uke's right foot. The moment Uke shifts his weight on his right foot. then. Tori grabs Uke's right heel from the inside with his right hand. At this moment. Uke evades this sweep by lifting his leg for defense. steps his right foot back and places the knee on the mat. it is difficult to scoop . Tori raises his body. these types of techniques were valid in competition. 2. (5) From Tomoenage to Kibisu-gaeshi When Tori executes Tomoenage. The technique of Oguruma is normally the sweeping of Tori's lower part of the stomach which allows Tori to easily grab Uke's heel. steps his left foot behind Uke and pushes him down. according to the present rule. (4) From Deashi-harai to Kibisu-gaeshi Tori tries to make Uke step his right foot forward so he can sweep with Deashiharai. Uke is able to defense by just lifting his right foot. scoops up and sweeps down in a split second. it is called Kuchiki-taoshi. It is important that Tori must catch the right moment when Uke leans his body backward. raises his left knee and grabs Uke's right heel from the inside with his right hand and sweeps him down. But. Tori turns his body to face Uke. The change from Uke's throwing techniques to Kibisu-gaeshi From Oguruma to Kibisu-gaeshi When Uke executes Oguruma. Tori must push Uke down in a split second. Therefore. Then. then. He. When Uke steps his right foot forward for defense. During the Meiji or Taisho Era. Tori must execute the technique the instance Uke loses his balance. At this moment. Uke drops his hip and steps his right foot forward for defense. then. it is not a valid throw if Tori throws Uke from a lying position. Then. It is easy to change from Kataguruma to Kibisu-gaeshi since Tori's right hand is already holding Uke's leg. Tori grabs Uke's right heel from the inside with the right hand and scoops up. Uke leans his upper body backward for defense. Seoinage to Kibisu-gaeshi can be used. However. This technique is applicable when you are defending against your opponent's attack or when you are applying a offensive technique while you are in the position of kneeling in front of Uke's feet. When Tori throws Uke by holding his leg. Also.52 must execute a powerful Ipponseoinage. (3) The change from Kataguruma to Kibisu-gaeshi When Tori tries to pick up Uke with Kataguruma. In this situation. However. Tori steps back his right foot and turns his body to the right for defense by dropping his hip. he steps his left foot beside the outside of Uke's right foot and lowers his body to grab Uke's right heel from the inside with his right hand and sweeps down. He. 53 up the heel since Uke's leg is already in a higher position. left. Tori must be able to push Uke down backward quickly. At this time. Tori grabs Uke's right heel from the outside with his left hand and sweeps up and pushes Uke down . right to pull Uke left. It is very important that Tori have the right timing to grab Uke's heel which is a second before Uke steps back his right foot. Tori steps back. Tori must dash swiftly forward. Tori changes his right grip to the inside of Uke's right collar and pulls Uke toward himself with both hands. Tori must push Uke backward to complete a throw. When Uke responded by lifting his right foot for defense. So. Techniques of practical applications 1. Then. (Type 2) Tori grabs Uke's right heel from the outside with his left hand to throw Kibisu-gaeshi Tori and Uke hold each other in a right natural posture. The concept of this technique is the same as Kouchigari. he hooks his left hand behind the outside of Uke's right heel. Uke responds by stopping and takes a left defensive posture. (2) The change from Ouchigari to Kibisu-gaeshi When Tori tries to executes Ouchigari but Uke steps back his right foot to support his body and lifts his left foot for defense. Tori immediately grabs Uke's left heel from the . The reason for changing his right grip on the collar is to prohibit Uke's response of lifting his right leg and to concentrate all the strength into pushing Uke to his right back. At the same time. Uke steps his left foot back to take a secured posture. left. The only difference is sweeping with the hand or foot. Tori lowers his body by stepping his right foot between Uke's leg to take a right defensive posture. Then. right. At this moment. right. Tori reduces pressure in both hands and pushes his right hand. Therefore. The moment Uke tries to step back his right foot. Sometimes. Change from your own throwing technique to Kibisu-gaeshi (1) The change from Kouchigari to Kibisu-gaeshi When Tori tries to execute Kouchigari but Uke lifts his right foot for defense by supporting his body with his left foot. he pushes his right hand. Tori takes left defensive posture by pushing down both hands. Uke responses by stepping back his left foot and lifting his right foot to put some distance between himself and Tori to regain his balance and posture. Tori pulls his left hand to sweep. At which moment. He. As Tori pushes Uke's left shoulder with his right hand. Uke leans right forward for defense. Tori steps his right foot in between Uke's legs and grabs Uke's right heel from the outside with his left hand and scoops up and pushes him down. The change from Uke's throwing techniques to Kibisu-gaeshi (1) The change from Hizaguruma to Kibisu-gaeshi The moment Uke executes Hizaguruma. Tori will grab Uke's right ankle from the front with his left hand and push out his right hand and throw him down. Although this is a kata techniques. (Type 3) Use both hands to grab Uke's right heel to execute Kibisu-gaeshi The technique of Maegeri in self defense Uke attempts to kick Tori's groin when they approach each other. Tori grabs Uke's right ankle with his left hand and sweeps down. the possibility is there to use in randori practice. 2. in kata performance. Tori grabs Uke's right ankle from the front with his left hand and sweeps him down. Tori pushes Uke down backward. It is important that Tori pushes Uke in a split second. his right foot carrying his weight will falter. grabs Uke's right instep with his right hand. Generally Kibisugaeshi is understood as a technique using only one hand to grab the heel but the use of both hands can also be considered Kibisu-gaeshi. Tori evades Uke's kick by stepping back his right foot and turns his body to his right and grabs Uke's ankle from the bottom with his left hand. Uke will fall onto the back of his head sharply. When Uke steps his right foot forward for defense. He. (4) The change from Uchimata to Kibisu-gaeshi When Tori executes Uchimata to flip up Uke's body. At this moment. he also scoops up Uke's heel with his left hand and pushes down. using both hands scoops Uke's right foot to flip him over onto his back.54 outside with his right hand and scoops up and pushes him down. If the timing of execution is perfect. . At this moment. then. However. then. (3) The change from Seioinage to Kibisu-gaeshi Tori executes Seioinage to pick up Uke into the air but Uke steps his right foot forward for defense. It is important that the change is made smoothly from Uchimata. What kind of technique can this be? No one seems to be able to imagine. 8th Dan The above technique was described by Kodokan Judo magazine. Judo practice was performed in natural posture and based on standing techniques. Therefore. The concept of this technique is similar to Kouchigari or Deashi-harai. 1984. There upon. However. December 1934 by Mr. At this tournament Professor Kyuzo Mifune." "Even though this Kibisu-gaeshi was created by Professor Mifune. Therefore. the mat work techniques have improved in Judo where lying down. these days. 8th Dan. Because this technique is unfamiliar to many people." Professor Mifune. (Type 5) The Kibisu-gaeshi created by Professor Kyuzo Mifune. further study is necessary. it is called Kuchigaeshi. 8th Dan by Kibisugaeshi In May 1934. Therefore. Kouchigari and Deashi-harai are executed from a standing position. there is no technique such as Kibisu-gaeshi in Judo. Normally. standing. we must commend his effort and creation of this technique. there were few opportunities to execute this technique. some people may consider it to be a dirty technique but in actuality it is an interesting technique. the difference between these two techniques is where Tori grabs. separating. (later 10th Dan) (a top ranking judoist in the . placing the head on the opponents is allowed in competition making techniques such as this more applicable. In those days. Nevertheless. (later 10th Dan) and Professor Shotaro Tabata. if in the case where Tori grabs Uke's heel and pushes and throws instead of throwing immediately. 8th Dan's sneak attack on Professor Tabata. Basically. Daido Matsuoka as follows: "Currently. It is because this technique was recently studied and created by Mifune. 8th Dan. the referee will make the decision. in Kibisu-gaeshi. the real effect is unknown. Kuchiki-taoshi: Tori holds Uke's one leg and pulls up and pushes him down in splitsecond. 8th Dan. This was confirmed by Kodokan Waza Study Group on November 29. Kibisu-gaeshi can be executed from a bending position or from kneeling position. However.55 (Type 4) Difference between Kibisu-gaeshi & Kuchiki-taoshi Kibisu-gaeshi: Tori grabs Uke's one heel and scoops up and throws down in splitsecond. heel or leg. 8th Dan. Uke must be thrown in a split-second. Celebration of newly born Prince Judo Tournament was held in Saineikan Dojo. the combination of Kataguruma and Kibisu-gaeshi was his favorite techniques. then. Tabata executed sharp Deashi-harai and Kouchigari. 5th Dan. whether it fast or slow. Kanda. fell straight on his back The only thing in question was the falling speed. Then. At this moment. This Kibisu-gaeshi seems to be very effective for ippon or wazaari. Then. Tabata with Kibisu-gaeshi caught everyone's attention. Professor Eisaku Iiyama. Professor Kyutaro Kanda. 6th Dan's Kibisu-gaeshi In the All Japan Judo History's section of Kibisu-gaeshi. Prof. 5th Dan (later 8th Dan) describes his match with Professor Kyutaro Kanda. also. stepped back his left foot for his defense. (later 9th Dan) as follows: In 1934. grabbed Iiyama's right middle sleeve with his left hand and lightly moved without using his right hand. Kouchi-gaeshi (hand technique) The technique of Kouchigaeshi (a counter throw) is dodging Uke's Kouchigari to make him off balance. Mifune lost his balance and bent his body for defense. In the book the part of Kibisugaeshi was described as follows: Both players fought very well. According to Ippon rules it could have been call an ippon since it was a good bounce and. Then. 6th Dan. throwing Uke to the left or right in split second by twisting his hands. Kanda grabs Iiyama's right heel with his right hand and pulls toward his right backward and at the same time pulls his left hand straight down. Iiyama's body fell straight backward like a ball and Iiyama's legs stuck straight up in the air like electric poles. The result of this match. 14. On October 1987. 6th Dan. Kanda is well known for his Kataguruma and. Iiyama. This decision rests with the referee. Kibisu-gaeshi was officially named and recognized as a throwing technique by Kodokan. In this match Tabata exhibited good offense and Mifune demonstrated excellent defense. Mifune's sneak attack on Prof. It ended in a draw but it was an excellent match.56 western part of Japan) fought each other. . According to All Japan Judo History (published in 1938) this tournament was described. 9th Dan. (later 10th Dan) did not call anything. Concept and Practical Application. such as Manchuria) was held. Mifune grabbed Tabata's right heel with his right hand and Tabata falls on his bottom abruptly. also. Referee Yamashita. the red and white tournament between Naichi (mainland of Japan) and Gaichi (outside of Japan. suddenly. However. Kanda lost to Iiyama by Uchimata. he tried his favorite Kataguruma. twists Uke's body down to his right. Tori lifts his right foot (standing on left foot) and. At this moment. left. then. steps back his dodged right foot. sometimes. Tori twists down Uke as follows: The moment Uke executes Kouchigari. using Uke's drifting foot movement. Uke's sweeping right foot drifts to his left because he lost his sweeping object and all of his weight goes on his left foot. then. taking this opportunity. it is important for Tori to forestall Uke's Kouchigari. Next technique is not a Kouchigaeshi. Tori is in an insecure position with his one leg up. Therefore. Tori steps back to follow Uke's pushing. Sometimes. Those movements must be done in split seconds. a added twist to Uke's dodged spinning body makes an effective throw. Before Uke's sweep. counter throw Uke to the right (Kouchigaeshi) Tori and Uke hold each other in the right natural posture. when Tori dodges Uke's Kouchigari but steps back his right foot to support his body and sweeps with his left foot the sweeping feet of Uke. He. . right. A moment before Tori steps his right foot forward.57 (Type 1) Dodging Uke's Kouchigari to counter throw to the left side. and puts some distance between Uke and himself. then. Although. The key point of this technique is as follows: It is too difficult to dodge after Uke's Kouchigari touches Tori's right heel because Uke's sweep unbalances Tori. twists down with both hands. (Type 2) Evade Uke's Kouchigari. In the case where Tori dodges Uke's right Kouchigari. Then. Tori. turns his body by pushing up his right hand and pulling down with his left. it is called Hizakuruma (foot technique). left forward to keep pushing Tori's body backward. then his left foot. and if his lifted right foot touches Uke's left knee to throw. Then. Therefore. Tori turns his body toward Uke's drifting body and throws down by twisting. lifts his right foot and takes a step back to a left-handed position. then. Uke executes Kouchigari. Tori will follow this move and take a right step forward. Before Uke's sweep. In the same way. Uke's dodged body is felled by his own spin and the twisting action of Tori's hands. it is called Deashi-harai. Uke steps left. pulls his left hand. stops to push Uke and returns to his original posture. Tori steps right. Uke steps forward to make Tori off balance. At this moment. Tori. He. stops to take a left defensive posture. Tori and Uke takes the right natural posture. Uke tries to throw Tori with Kouchigari. Uke reduces his pushing pressure. right backward. it is not necessary for Tori to step back his left foot and turn his body to left like Type I. Uke loses his balance and his body leans forward . using both hands twists Uke down. When Uke's body is completely off balance. The moment Tori steps back his left foot and right foot. Tori puts his weight on his left foot and floats his right foot in the air to dodge. Uke tries to hook his right foot to Tori's right foot. such as. the Kodokan Waza Study Group Department decided to add kaeshi or sukashi to wazas. At this moment. However. then. in order not to lose his balance like (Type 1). The common point to these techniques is that both ends up as Ukiotoshi. twist (or pull) his body to the left or right to throw down. (Type 3) Difference between Kouchigaeshi and Ukiotoshi Kouchigaeshi . the Kodokan Waza Study Group Department agreed to determine the name by the last ending throw. There are two types of techniques from Uke's Kouchigari. To define these techniques. it is not called Osotogari. Uke misses his sweep. The determining factor is who initiates the first move. therefore. Tori twists Uke down. are categorized as Ukiotoshi instead of Kouchigaeshi. It is called Osotogaeshi. In such case. Regarding this problem. Kaeshiwaza. Sometimes. to throw him down. Hizaguruma and Deashi-harai. then. (1) When Tori dodges or evades Uke's Kouchigari and throws with Ukiotoshi. Therefore. then.58 Tori steps back his left foot to take some distance from Uke and while keeping his balance. and Uchimatasukashi. pull (or twist) him to throw. twist down Uke to his right forward. then. Ouchigaeshi. Ukiotoshi .Dodge or evade Uke's Kouchigari to make him off balance. he tries to push Tori backward. (Type 2) . and Sukashiwaza. push forward to throw Tori down. To avoid some contradiction in naming the technique. he lightly lifts his right foot to evade Uke's Kouchigari. The same applies to Kaeshiwaza. (2) When Tori forestalls Uke's Kouchigari and throws Uke by stepping back to twist Uke down. Tori must take a big step backward to make Uke off balance forward. Uke falls in a circular motion with his left toe as the spinning point. some contradictions exists. Then. Tori steps back his evaded right foot to take more distance from Uke. For example. He. Haraigoshigaeshi. he pushes his left hand and turns his body to the right and throws down Uke in the direction of his left foot forward. Therefore. Tori also twists his body to his left. it is called Kouchigaeshi. . there are the following problems. drops his hip and using both hands to pull Uke forward to make him off balance. While pulling down his right hand. techniques such as.Make Uke's body off balance to his forward. Uranage. if Tori counter throws Uke's Osotogari. without turning his body. Tori twists down Uke with just hands. I used the word dodge for (Type 1) and evade for (Type 2). then. it is called Ukiotoshi. There are seven techniques initiated by Uke. accomplished by dodging and evading Uke's Kouchigari to throw him off balance and using both hands to twist and throw down. since this word is widely used in techniques. Ouchigaeshi. which includes Kouchigaeshi. -Dodge or evade Uke's throwing techniques to change to a counter throw. it would be better to call it Kouchisukashi. Tawaragaeshi.) When we study the concept of kaeshi techniques. sukashiwaza. Osotogaeshi. It is very difficult to analyze the meaning of kaeshi. one would imagine Kouchigari to be reversed with Kouchigari. it is very difficult to define these two techniques. In October of 1982. such as. such as Kouchigaeshi. In general. Hikkomigaeshi bringing the total to eleven. -By countering Uke's attack. Sumigaeshi. the change is made to Ouchigaeshi. duplicating the movement received from others. (Reverse position from top to bottom or overturn. The technique of Kouchigaeshi is a hand technique. -There are kaeshiwazas where the strength of Uke is countered by Tori in the opposite way. published by Iwanami Book Store. In considering the kaeshi of Kouchigaeshi. . they analyzed the meaning of the word. topple over. kaeshiwaza. are initiated by Tori and continue on to overturn Uke. (Type 4) The study and discussion of the name of Kouchigaeshi When the Kodokan Waza Study Group Department studied the new throwing techniques. three kaeshis. the Kodokan Waza Study Group Department decided to leave it as it is.59 Therefore. Haraigoshigaeshi. Of those seventeen. Sumigaeshi. such as Kibisugaeshi. kaeshi. Uchimatagaeshi. In order to avoid this misconception. Kibisugaeshi. there are many movements among them which are different. existing forty-eight Tawaragaeshi. Hikkomigaeshi. eight included the word kaeshi. It depends on the observer. In as the such Hanegoshigaeshi. In the dictionary. the meaning of kaeshi is widely used in techniques initiated by Uke. there are Osotogaeshi. seventeen new techniques were named. uranage. (Gokyonowaza). There are many throwing techniques that are named with kaeshi. Tsubamegaeshi. Wazas. Since these eight kaeshi techniques were used previously for many years and were vividly expressed. Kojien. such as. the meaning of kaeshi is defined as follows. At which. Sometimes. losing his balance toward his right front corner. While sustaining his weight on his left foot. Tori steps his right foot in front of Uke's right foot and turns his body to the left by placing his left foot in front of Uke's left foot. tries to raise his body to regain his normal posture. (Type 1) Tori puts right hand against Uke's right chest (Yamaarashi). Then. Tori pulls Uke's body tightly toward Uke's extended right foot. When Uke tries to raise his body half way. similar to haraigoshi. Tori reduces his push and changes his right hand grip on the left collar to the right collar by inserting his thumb under the collar. While bending his body lower. The key points of this technique are as follows: Normally. Tori steps back his left foot and steps his right foot in between Uke's legs and turns his body to his left. Uke takes a right defensive posture for defense. Then. The outside of Tori's right forearm is placed on Uke's right chest and together with his left arm pulls upward to further put Uke off balance. Tori and Uke hold each in right natural posture. then. Tori reduces his pulling motion and Uke reacts by raising his body. YAMAARASHI (hand technique) Yamaarashi: Tori uses both hands to grip Uke's right (or left) collar and right (or left) sleeve to push up Uke's body off balance to right (or left) front forward.60 15. then stops in left defensive posture. At this moment. Tori places his right foot in front of Uke's right foot. right foot one after another in a right handed position. he jerks Uke's body up and down. As Tori steps back to pull Uke forward. with his toes at Uke's ankle to grip Uke's right foot and places his body flush to Uke's body back to front. Uke raises his upper body. Tori pushes Uke's body backward. thereby. At this moment. Tori grips Uke's right collar by inserting his thumb under the collar with the four fingers outside facing upward (little finger on top).Tori pulls Uke forward again as he backs his left foot. again. . At the same time. At which moment Tori changes the direction of his pull by pulling upward causing Uke's weight to move onto his right foot and. As Tori continues to push up with his right hand and pull out with his left hand simultaneously. When Tori reduces his pulling downward motion. Tori grips Uke's right collar by inserting the four fingers under the collar with the thumb outside. he sweeps his right leg against Uke's right leg to throw with a lifting motion. Tori changes the direction of his pulling to Uke's right front forward to pull him off balance. Uke steps back from Tori's push to stop and tries to go back to the secured position. sweep up Uke's right (or left) leg to throw down or apply techniques similar to this technique. puts his right elbow under Uke's right arm pit like a Seoinage. Tori. Next technique is not Yamaarashi. Shiro Saigo studied and developed this old technique to use in Judo practice by himself and became very famous in the Judo world. pushes his right hand up and attaches his right hip against Uke's lower abdomen. puts his right arm against Uke's right chest to pick him up and steps his right foot in front of Uke's right foot by pulling both hands to throw Uke down. (Type 3) Shiro Saigo's (6th dan) Yamaarashi The technique of Yamaarashi can be found as Yamaotoshi in Sekiguchi-ryu (which is the old style of Jujitsu)." To understand the technique of . Then. Then. Tori pulls up both hands while stretching his left knee and hip to throw Uke down forward. Tori's right leg sweep does not necessarily have to attach like Type 1. to pick up Uke. Kodokan Waza Development Group Department agreed to categorize it as Yamaarashi (confirmed on May 13. sweep Uke's right leg to sweep him down. like Type 1. At this moment. At this point. This technique's concept is a little different from Yamaarashi but after the study and discussion of this technique.61 It is important that Tori must use Uke's rising reactions to make him off balance. Sometimes. use hands as Seoinage by picking up and sweep right leg as a Haraigoshi to throw down. Uke tries to keep his balance by putting his head through Uke's right arm to gain his correct posture. This technique is different from Type 1 in the usage of the right arm. The people said: "There is no Yamaarashi before Saigo and after Saigo. This technique is a mixture of Seoinage and Haraigoshi. Then. Tori drops his hip. Tori grips Uke's right collar by inserting his right thumb (or four fingers) under Uke's collar. puts his right arm under Uke's right arm pit. It is called Taiotoshi. Tori attaches his right calf to Uke's right shin and wraps his right toe around Uke's right ankle and sweep up for a throw. then. like Type 2. by spinning his body in front of Uke in a big motion. It is called Seoinage. 1991). When Tori grips Uke behind the neck deeply to pull Uke down to bend his body forward. Like Type 1. Therefore. This sweep is different from Haraigoshi. step in his right foot deeply beside Uke's leg with his foot touching the floor to throw him down. Tori. (Type 2) Stick Tori's right elbow under Uke's right arm pit to execute Yamaarashi. Tori already has his grip of Uke's right collar and right sleeve. which enables him to make (Tsukuri and Kake) like Type 1. sometime. The technique of Yamaarashi is not depended upon powerful arms or body. nobody tries this unique technique and many black belts do not know the technique of Yamaarashi. he did not need to lower his hip to pick up an opponent who was pushing back. Therefore. such as. in reality. Therefore. In response to Tori's controlling movement. I explain the technique of Yamaarashi on behalf of the late Saigo. he was a very short person. It depends upon a strong mind. The author of this book uses his fathers articles as follows: "When Kodokan Judo fought against many other old Jujitsu schools. when he sweeps his legs like Haraigoshi against the opponent's ankle. he always aimed for only one shot and he never failed to throw the . It can be considered a combination technique of Haraigoshi and Seoinage (the thumb of the hand grabbing the collar can be inside or outside of the collar). In the book. it is important to know the technique of Saigo. Tori picks up Uke's body on his shoulder in full speed and sweeps Uke's right ankle like a Haraigoshi (a gust of wind). Furthermore. He was a very small man. Before I explain this technique. Saigo used both ways. This technique seems easy enough for anyone. But. Tori moves his body up and down to pressure Uke backward. His toes always stuck to his opponent's leg like an octopus. He saved time because he did not need to lower his body and did not need to worry about being squashed down. Japan. he wanted to be an army general. When Uke tries to come forward.62 Yamaarashi. Tori grabs Uke's right collar deeply with the right hand and grip Uke's right sleeve with the left hand to take an extremely right handed position. written by Tsuneo Tomita. But. 8th dan) was the first Judo student of Jigoro Kano and was known as one of the famous four. All the toes were pointed downward like a rake. Why did Saigo use this technique as his favorite technique? Saigo had two distinctive physical characteristics. nowadays. Another characteristic was that his toes were different from others. According to the dynamics. When he was a lad. the author's father (Tsunejiro Tomita. It is the most dynamic and skillful of all other techniques. However. Sugata Sanshiro. If we hold each other in right handed position (Saigo was left handed). Shiro Saigo successfully used his unique Yamaarashi to defeat others and left many outstanding winning records. As you know. published by Shunpo-do in 1950. Uke tries to push forward to regain his position. First of all. Therefore. the author describes Saigo's Yamaarashi. According to my memory. he had a giant heart and was a brave man. the spirit of go for broke. he never missed the aimed spot. He left many articles about development of Judo techniques. He was born in Aizu. the logic of Yamaarashi is based on the breaking of the opponent's balance within a short distance and attacking with full speed. I would like to tell you about Saigo's personality. when he executes his throwing techniques. it is a very difficult technique. At this moment. Saigo's left hand grabbed Terushima's high left collar deeply like lightning (thumb under the collar). also. is in the Kodokan Hall of Fame for his great achievement. Terushima raised and waved both hands in weird angles. I think this is the best way to explainYamaarashi. also. he did not give Terushima a chance to grab him. On May 5. Saigo turned his body to the right and pulled the middle of Terushima's left sleeve strongly. On the other hand. Saigo was a young but unknown fighter from Kano Dojo. Shiro fought against Taro Terushima. mountain storm (Yamaarashi) swept through this match. In the book (Yamaarashi and Saigo. both failed. 6th Dan. a match was held at Marunouchi Police Academy. Saigo tried to pull and push the opponent all around the contest area. But. Saigo. sponsored by Tokyo Police Academy. When Saigo tried to pick up Terushima. a famous fighter. Then. Then. Saigo posed in the left natural posture. At that time. Terushima was a good fighter. published by Kodokan Bunka Kaikan. 1885. Terushima was well known in the Jujitsu world and. Saigo stood straight and pushed his left arm up very hard while still grabbing Terushima's left sleeve." Shiro Saigo. After taking a bow to each other. he went behind Saigo to hold his body to execute Uranage and Ogoshi. was not recognized by the Jujitsu world. In this way. When Terushima pushed back. Kano Dojo. author Tsunejiro Tomita described Saigo's match as follows: "I would like to tell you and describe Saigo's Yamaarashi through out the matches which were fought against other schools. But. This was Saigo's most favorite and strategic grabbing technique. Therefore. Shiro Saigo vs Taro Terushima In the exhibition matches between Kodokan Judo and all other Jujitsu School. Saigo picked up Terushima's body deeply by attaching his hip close underneath Terushima's abdomen like a torpedo. At this time.63 opponent. he swept opponent's left leg as though trying to break it. At the same time. tried to grab Saigo in one snatch. Terushima was too eager to grab Saigo's left sleeve. . June 1931). Terushima was over confidence because Saigo was so small. the height of Saigo was 153 cm and weight was 53 kg. By picking up his left hand. professor of Yoshinryu School (Hikokuro Totsuka's most favorite student). This technique is more effective for a short person rather than a tall person. He tried one step forward in full speed. itself. Saigo had a strategy. usually fought in the left natural posture." According to the record. Terushima flew over Saigo's head and lay on the mat like an honorable dead soldier. Shiro Saigo's outstanding performance with Yamaarashi was spot lighted and greatly helped Kodokan Judo development. Revised in 1920. (42 techniques) • • Go Kyo no waza . stipulated in 1920). Katame-waza (29 techniques) Notes • • • Osaekomi-waza (7 techniques) Shime-waza (12 techniques) Kansetsu-waza (10 techniques) • Notice Nage-waza (67 techniques) Notes Numbers indicate the position inside the Go Kyo no waza (Shin-Go Kyo.64 Kodokan Judo / Classification of Waza Nage-Waza (67 techniques) Notes • • • • • • Te-waza (15 techniques) Koshi-waza (11 techniques) Ashi-waza (21 techniques) Masutemi-waza (5 techniques) Yokosutemi-waza (15 techniques) Kyu (Former) Go Kyo no waza . (40 techniques) Common waza names apt to be used incorrectly.Stipulated in 1895. (example: "1-1" is the 1st of Dai-ikkyo (the first kyo))  indicates that it was included in the Kyu Go Kyo (stipulated in 1895) but was excluded when it . Sode-tsurikomi-goshi Ashi-waza (21 techniques) 1-1 1-2 Deashi-harai Hiza-guruma .  indicates the newly-named wazas 2 (stipulated on Apr.65 was revised in 1920. 01. (8 techniques)  indicates the newly-named wazas 1(stipulated on Oct. 1997). 1982). Te-waza (15 techniques) 1-8 2-6 3-8 4-4 4-8 5-7          Seoi-nage Tai-otoshi Kata-guruma Sukui-nage Uki-otoshi Sumi-otoshi Obi-otoshi Seoi-otoshi Yama-arashi Morote-gari Kuchiki-taoshi Kibisu-gaeshi Uchi-mata-sukashi Kouchi-gaeshi Ippon-seoi-nage Koshi-waza (11 techniques) 1-4 1-6 2-3 2-4 2-7 3-2 3-5 4-5 5-5   Uki-goshi O-goshi Koshi-guruma Tsurikomi-goshi Harai-goshi Tsuri-goshi Hane-goshi Utsuri-goshi Ushiro-goshi Daki-age * not regarded as a Yuko waza in games. 05. 66 1-3 1-5 1-7 2-1 2-2 2-5 2-8 3-1 3-4 3-6 4-6 5-1        Sasae-tsurikomi-ashi Osoto-gari Ouchi-gari Kosoto-gari Kouchi-gari Okuri-ashi-harai Uchi-mata Kosoto-gake Ashi-guruma Harai-tsurikomi-ashi O-guruma Osoto-guruma Osoto-otoshi Tsubame-gaeshi Osoto-gaeshi Ouchi-gaeshi Hane-goshi-gaeshi Harai-goshi-gaeshi Uchi-mata-gaeshi Masutemi-waza (5 techniques) 3-7 4-1 5-6   Tomoe-nage Sumi-gaeshi Ura-nage Hikikomi-gaeshi Tawara-gaeshi Yokosutemi-waza (15 techniques) 3-3 4-2 4-3 4-7 5-2 5-3 5-4 5-8       Yoko-otoshi Tani-otoshi Hane-makikomi Soto-makikomi Uki-waza Yoko-wakare Yoko-guruma Yoko-gake Daki-wakare Uchi-makikomi Kani-basami Osoto-makikomi Uchi-mata-makikomi Harai-makikomi . Ushiro-goshi. Harai-goshi. Yoko-otoshi. Uki-otoshi (8 techniques) Osoto-guruma. Soto-makikomi. Harai-goshi. Obi-otoshi. Osoto-otoshi. Seoi-nage (8 techniques) Kosoto-gari. 01. Tsuri-goshi. 1985). Sumi-otoshi. Tani-otoshi. Koshi-guruma. Yoko-gake. 1997). Tsuri-goshi. Uki-waza. Seoi-nage. around 1911. Sukui-nage. Deashi-harai. Uchi-mata (8 techniques) Kosoto-gake. Yoko-gake (8 techniques) Katame-Waza (29 techniques) Notes  Newly-named wazas 1 (stipulated on Feb. Tomoe-nage. Ashi-guruma. Tai-otoshi. Hikikomi-gaeshi. Uchi-mata. Osoto-guruma.01. 01. Kata-guruma (8 techniques) Sumi-gaeshi. Yoko-otoshi (7 techniques) Sumi-gaeshi. Tani-otoshi (7 techniques) Okuri-ashi-harai. Uki-goshi. Sasae-tsurikomi-ashi. Okuri-ashi-harai. Sasae-turikomi-ashi. Osoto-gari. Yoko-wakare.Tomoe-nage. Hane-goshi (7 techniques) Uki-otoshi. Utsuri-goshi. Tawara-gaeshi (10 techniques) Yoko-guruma. Tsurikomi-goshi. Daki-wakare. Tsurikomi-goshi (11 techniques) * "Tsurikomi-goshi" was not included in the Go Kyo no waza at the time of stipulation in 1895. Hiza-guruma. Harai-tsurikomi-ashi. Yama-arashi.  Newly-named wazas 2 (stipulated on Apr. Soto-makikomi. O-goshi. Uki-waza.Tai-otoshi. Yoko-guruma. Utsuri-goshi. Ushiro-goshi. Ura-nage. Hane-goshi. Kouchi-gari. Ouchi-gari. x Omitted waza name (Apr. Kosoto-gari. Hane-makikomi. O-guruma. Yoko-wakare. Harai-tsurikomi-ashi.1997) Osaekomi-waza (7 techniques) Kuzure-kesa-gatame . Koshi-guruma.67  Kawazu-gake *a prohibited waza Kyu (Former) Go Kyo no waza Stipulated in 1895. (42 techniques) Dai-ikkyo (group1) Dai-nikyo (group 2) Dai-sankyo (group 3) Dai-yonkyo (group 4) Dai-gokyo (group 5) Hiza-guruma. Uchi-makikomi. Kouchi-gari. Go Kyo no waza Revised in 1920 (40 techniques) Dai-ikkyo (group1) Dai-nikyo (group 2) Dai-sankyo (group 3) Dai-yonkyo (group 4) Dai-gokyo (group 5) De-ashi-harai. Ura-nage. Ashi-guruma. Seoi-otoshi. Osoto-gari. O-goshi. Uki-goshi. Kata-guruma. It seems to be included in at the end of Meiji era. commonly used "Makura-kesa-gatame" and "Ushiro-kesa-gatame". 2. Kodokan uses the formal name "Kuzure-kesa-gatame" instead of "Kesa" and "Kami-shiho" are the only wazas which has "Kuzure". There are no "Kuzure" in "Yoko-shiho-gatame". "Tate-shiho-gatame" nor in "Kata-gatame". 3. Kodokan uses the formal name "Ude-hishigi-juji-gatame" or "Ude-hishigi-ude-gatame" instead of abbreviating the names such as .68 Kata-gatame Kami-shiho-gatame Kuzure-kami-shiho-gatame Yoko-shiho-gatame Tate-shiho-gatame  x Kesa-gatame Hon-kesa-gatame Shime-waza (12 techniques) Nami-juji-jime Gyaku-juji-jime Kata-juji-jime Hadaka-jime Okuri-eri-jime Kata-ha-jime Do-jime* a prohibited waza      Sode-guruma-jime Kata-te-jime Ryo-te-jime Tsukkomi-jime Sankaku-jime Kansetsu-waza (10 techniques) Ude-garami Ude-hishigi-juji-gatame Ude-hishigi-ude-gatame Ude-hishigi-hiza-gatame Ude-hishigi-waki-gatame Ude-hishigi-hara-gatame Ashi-garami* a prohibited waza    Ude-hishigi-ashi-gatame Ude-hishigi-te-gatame Ude-hishigi-sankaku-gatame Notice 1. .69 "Juji-gatame" or "Ude-gatame". Conference Rooms 7F The Main Dojo 6F 2 Dojos . Dojo / Lodging rooms are open to any Judo players. It functions as the mecca of international Judo. Parking.Library. Click each text-link for more information. Bank B1 Cafeteria. Conference Rooms 1F Shop.70 International Judo Center 8F Spectator seating The building of the Kodokan International Judo Center was dedicated in 1984 to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Kodokan. The eight floor building is equipped with things necessary for Judo shugyo and research. 5F 3 Dojos 4F 7 Dressing rooms 3F Lodging rooms 2F Research center.