The Name Jeanne d'Arc In her own words, taken from the trail of condemnation: "In my own country theycall me Jeannette; since I came into France I have been called Jeanne. Of my surname I know nothing. Jeanne's name is also known as: English version is Joan of Arc, or St. Joan of Arc the Maid of Orléans Jeannette - Jeanne La pucelle - La Petite Pucelle - Saint Jeanne d'Arc - Maid of Orléans - Jungfrau von Orleans - Jehanne d'Arc - Johanna d'Arc - Giovanna d'Arco - Zhanna d'Ark - Juana de Arco - Santa Joana D'Arc - and Joanie on a Pony [from first world war] - Johanka z'Arku - Johanna van Arkel - Chuana d'Arco - Xuana d'Arcu - Janna d'Ark - Ivana Orleanska - Joana d'Arc - Johanka z Arku - Johana de Arko - Xoana de Arco - Ivana Orleanska - Jóhanna af Örk - Janna d’Arka - Joanna d'Arc - Joana d'Arc - Ioanna de Arc Ioana d'Arc - Giuvanna d'Arcu - Jovanka Orleanka - Jana z Arku - Ivana Orleanska - Jan Dark In French Jeanne d'Arc; by her contemporaries commonly known as "Jehanne La Pucelle" (Jeanne The Virgin) Jeanne, or Jehanne, is a name which belongs like the English John, Johanna etc Words Jeanne encouraging her troops: "In God's name, we must fight them! Even if the English hang from the clouds, yet we shall have them! For God sends us to punish them. Today the gentle Dauphin will have the greatest victory he has won for a long time! My Voices have told me that the enemy will be ours." At Vaucoleurs Asked about her mission she replied: "...I was born for this.", "Nevertheless, before mid-Lent, I must be with the Dauphin, even if I have to wear my legs down to my knees!" Asked who her Lord was, she replied: "He is the King of Heaven!", "For even if I had had a hundred fathers and mothers and were a king's daughter, still would I go!" Asked when she would like to leave: "Today rather than tomorrow and tomorrow rather than later." Asked if she was afraid: "I fear nothing for God is with me!" At Chinon Jeanne's greeting to Charles at Chinon: "Gentle Dauphin, my name is Jeanne la pucelle. The King of Heaven has sent me to bring you and your kingdom help." for the help I bring comes from the King of Heaven!" "Bastard! Bastard! In God's name! I command you that as soon as you learn of Falstaff's arrival that you will inform me. you bloody boy. Watch! When the wind blows my banner against the bulwark. you shall take it" Jeanne's reprimand to Dunois. As well as he is now. You have thought to deceive me but it is you who are deceived. Madame." . I would rather die than do a thing which I know to be a sin. in a little the place will be yours.At Poitiers Asked by the priests why God needed soldiers: "In the name of God! The soldiers will fight and God will give the victory!""In the name of God! I have not come to Poitiers to give signs but take me to Orleans and I shall show you signs for which I have been sent!" Asked what language her Voices spoke: "They speak better French than you!" Asked if she believe in God: "Indeed. Whether you will or no. I bring you better help than has ever come to any general or town." Jeanne encouraging her troops: "Be not afraid! The English will have no more power over you. better than you do!" Jeanne reassured the Duke d' Alençon's wife. that her husband would not be killed or injured if he returned to the fight. they shall go out and will succeed just as well as they did the other day!" Jeanne's reply to the Captain's request not to fight the next day: "Go back to that council and tell them this! You have been to your council and I have been to mine. I promise you that I shall have your head cut off!" Jeanne's reprimand to her page: "Ah. For if he passes by without my knowledge. Thérèse. "I give you my solemn word that no harm will come to your beloved husband. you did not tell me that the blood of France was being shed!""Ha! Never did I see French blood flow but my hair did not stand on end!""Gaucourt. have no fear! He shall indeed return to you." Jeanne request for surrender to the English commander Glasdale: "Classidas! Classidas! Yield. the Bastard of Orléans: "In God's name! The counsel of our Lord is wiser and safer than yours. you are indeed a wicked man to prevent these people from departing. yes. but I have great pity on your soul and for the souls of your men. yield to the King of Heaven! You called me harlot. I cannot. Now. or perhaps even better!" At Orleans In the assault on the English fortress of the Augustines: "In god's name! Let us go bravely!" In the assault on the bridge at Orleans: "Courage! Do not fall back. believe me when I say that the Counsel of God will be accomplished and succeed and that yours will fail!" Jeanne's refusal to use a charm to heal her wound: "No friend. " "Daughter of God.At Loches "I shall last a year and a little more. Count. Go on!' When I hear this voice. go on. go on." Before the walls of Saint Pirre-Les-Moutiers Jeanne addressing to her squire: "I am not alone! I have fifty thousand of my own company to fight with me!" Compiegne "By my staff! We are enough! I shall go to see my good friends in Compiegne!" Reply to the Count of Luxembourg The Count tried to tempt Jeanne with an offer of freedom. But even if there were hundred thousand more Godons than there are now. because they think that after I'm dead. You have neither the will nor the power to do so! " "I know well that these English will put me to death. "In God's name." At the town of Chalons Jeanne speaking to a friend from Domremy: "I fear nothing. you mock me! Ransom? How you jest. they will win the Kingdom of France." At the town of Bourges Jeanne speaking to Madame Touroulde: "You touch them!" (meaning the religious items that some people brought for Jeanne to bless by her touch) "Your touch will do them as much good as mine. I feel such great joy that I wish I could always hear it!" Before the battle of Patay Jeanne encouraging her troops: "In God's name. we must fight them! Even if the English hang from the clouds. go on! I will be your help." . yet we shall have them! For God sends us to punish them. still they will never have the Kingdom!" Reply to the ecclesiastical judges of Rouen "It is true that I have wished to escape and I still do! It is lawful for any prisoner to try to escape if he can." At the town of Troyes Jeanne addresses Brother Richard: "Take heart and come on! I will not fly away. except treason. Today the gentle Dauphin will have the greatest victory he has won for a long time! My Voices have told me that the enemy will be ours. ' and I went among them. for I did them no unkindness." Asked why she refused to do woman's work: "There are plenty of other women to do it. In this. I fully understand the order by which I accepted them. but helped them as much as I could." Asked how she summoned her voices: "Most sweet Lord. from Whom I came!" Asked if she was in God's grace: "If I am not. it was only right that it should have the honor. to instruct me in what I am to say to these churchmen." "Ha! You take great care to put down in your trial everything that is against me. yet I would say nothing else and I would maintain unto death what I have said in this trial!" "Through His Saints. if You love me. God informed me of His great sorrow for the treason that I had committed by signing the abjuration. afterwards I would always declare that you made me say it by force!" "And if I were condemned and brought to the place of judgment and I saw the torch lit and the faggots ready. I warn you. If I did say anything. may God so keep me! I should be the saddest creature in the world if I knew I was not in His grace.. I implore You. I do not know if you are! But I tell you that you must take good care not to judge me wrongly. because you will put yourself in great danger. too!" "The poor folk gladly came to me." Jeanne's warning to Bishop Cauchon: "You say that you are my judge. but I know well that they will all be driven out of France. may God put me there.") . "fatal answer."I came from God." "Everything I have said or done is in the hands of God. and the executioner ready to kindle the fire. There is nothing more for me to do here! Send me back to God. properly baptized and I will die. As regards to my clothes. but I do not know how I am to set them aside. I commit myself to Him! I certify to you that I would do or say nothing against the Christian faith. and if I am. To save my life I betrayed Him and in so doing I damned myself!"( In the margin of his paper the court notary wrote: "Responsio Mortifera" which means. so that if God punishes you for it. she replied: "What I said was: 'Go boldly among the English. but you will not write down anything that is for me!" "I am a good Christian. if you were to tear me limb from limb and separate my soul from my body." Jeanne's reply to the threat of torture: "Truly. a good Christian. in honor of Your Holy Passion. may it please You to teach me. I would have done my duty by telling you!" Asked why her standard had a place of honor at the coronation: "It had borne the burden. I would not say anything more.. except those who will die here. and if I were within the fire." Asked if God hated the English: "Of the love or hate God may have for the English I know nothing." Asked if she told her troops that copies of her pennant would be luck. .." "Jesus. Jesus!" The exclamation of the English soldier: "God forgive us: we have burned a saint. I fear you even less. for the great injuries done to me!" "Bishop. should this day be consumed and burned to ashes! Ah! I would far rather have my head chopped off seven times over. Jesus. Rouen. Jeanne was always reluctant to speak of her voices. I thank you for comforting me. She said nothing about them to her confessor. if you come from the Devil. as well as I see you. than to be burned!" "Alas! Had I been in the Church prison. That is why I appeal to God for justice against you!" Last words "Rouen! Rouen! Must I die here? Ah. and constantly refused." The constable de Richemont reportedly greeted Jeanne with these realistic warrior-wise words: "Jehanne. this misfortune would not have come to me! Ah! I appeal to God. but you must leave this place. I fear you will have to suffer for my death!" "I ask you priests of God. .. at her trial.. None the less. this would not have happened. now. I did for fear of the fire!" Is informed of her inpending death "Alas! Am I to be so horribly and cruelly treated? Alas! That my body." "My Voices did come from God and everything that I have done was by God's order." He went on to serve at her side in the victory at Patay (18 June 1429). to be inveigled into descriptions of the appearance of the saints and to explain how she recognized them." As soon as Jeanne noticed that the fire had been lit she urgently warned Brother Martin: "Good Brother Martin. she told her judges: "I saw them with these very eyes. which has never been corrupted. to which I submitted myself.. to please say a Mass for my soul's salvation." . the Great Judge. as I was promised. I beg all of you standing here to forgive me the harm that I may have done you. and been guarded by the Clergy instead of my enemies. I do not fear you . If you come from God.."My Voices have since told me that I did a great evil in declaring that what I had done was wrong. Please pray for me. All that I said and revoked that Thursday.) Jeanne replied: "If you had placed me in the Church's prison and gave me into the hands of competent and suitable Church guardians. clean and whole." "Hold the crucifix up before my eyes so I may see it until I die. I die because of you!" (Bishop Cauchon strongly protested his guilt. She testified at her trial that she never used those arms personally. 1428). and by the close of the year complete defeat seemed imminent. 1428." Yielding at last. I do not know how to ride or fight. whither we were now to come. Eighty swords were found together in two casks associated with a sunken barge in the Dordogne River. It had no sheath and was very rusty. book II) This sword is one of the best preserved from a find of 15th century swords from the Bordeaux region of France in the mid-1970's. she left Domremy in January.May. This journey she eventually accomplished a month later. Pierre. and even threatening. The letters were saved but Jeanne's sword was lost during the chaos of the revolutionary period." (Joan of Arc Chapter 10. she no longer doubted that she was bidden to go to the help of the king. treated her and her mission with scant respect. It was in vain that she resisted. had in their possession three of her letters and a sword that she had worn. They also had a sheath of crimson velvet made for it. I wanted to sharpen that old blade. It was generally believed that his sword had belonged to Charlemagne. The priests knew of no such sword. urging her to present herself to Robert Baudricourt. as she should never kill anybody. The descendants of Jeanne's brother. The blade was so covered in rust it would have been impossible for her to describe it without having seen it before. Jeanne's voices became urgent." Orléans was invested (12 October. and the people of Tours equipped it with another. so she laid the showy sheaths away and got one made of leather. and she sent De Metz to get it. she begged that search might be made for an ancient sword buried. But Jeanne meant to carry this sword always in battle." The voices only reiterated: "It is God who commands it. 1429. and should carry it only as a symbol of authority. buried a little way under the ground. Sword + poze Instead of the sword the king offered her. 1453. but she said it was not necessary. Catherine's at Fierbois. It was found in the very spot her voices indicated. but a search was made. and again visited Vaucouleurs. who commanded for Charles VII in the neighboring town of Vaucouleurs. and the voices became insistent. and sure enough it was found in that place. [The Battle of Castillon] . saying to the cousin who accompanied her: "Take her home to her father and give her a good whipping. "Jeanne's Voices had told her that there was an ancient sword hidden somewhere behind the altar of St. a rude and dissolute soldier. but that was only a matter of opinion. as she averred. behind the altar in the chapel of Ste-Catherine-de-Fierbois. but Baudricourt. saying to them: "I am a poor girl. but the priests polished it up and sent it to Tours. only displaying her famous banner. and about half-way from that town to the site of the last battle of the Hundred Years' War which took place on July 18. made of cloth-of-gold. upstream from Castillon-la-Battaille. In this famous illustration Jeanne using the flat of the sword to beat a prostitute following the army. broke it on the back of one of them. She was not at all gentle on these occasions. Jeanne claimed that it was not the Sword of Fierbois. The king told her . The sword.This group of swords most likely represents spoils collected from the battlefield just after that battle and lost in shipment. one of a host of such professionals driven out of the camp. But rumors began between the soldiers. course no could repairer it again. that Jeanne had broken a holly sword made in heaven. is a hole hit by an arrowhead. A helm like this weighs over 5 pounds. “She was equipped. of this holly relic heaven had send her. Jeanne was equipped in the same fashion as the men-of-arms of her era.” With this harness.” Moreover. Guy and André de Laval saw her on horseback near Romorantin “armed entirely in white. that she should have used a stick instead. a little ax in her hand. seated on a great black courser. The registra of the city hall of Albi. This is a typical fighting helmet of that period. A piece of a close-helmet that may well have belonged to Jeanne is the bassinet shallow helmet [1] now displayed in the Metropolitan Museum in New York. testified that “Jeanne went armed in white iron. like knights of a certain rank: 100 livres tournois was a significant sum. moreover.later on. entirely from head to foot. Helmet Jeanne made use also of a capeline. frequently used when scaling fortifications. Many started believing that she had lost her power from that on. But her contemporaries remaked that she often went about with her head bare. which was hardly surprising since military commanders of high rank often wore a simple hood or a hat rather than a helmet. It comes from the Dino-Talleyrand-Périgord collection and was formerly kept as a votive object in the church of Saint- . Jean Chartier reported that she was “armed as quickly as possible with a complete harness such as would have suited a knight who was part of the arm and born in the king’s court. a steel hat equipped with a wide brim. who saw her.” The accounts of the treasurer Hémon Reguier refer to the purchase of that suit of armor in April 1429: “100 livres tournois were paid and delivered by the afforesaid treasure to the master armorer for a complete harness for the aforesaid Maid. 1370-1430. Charles VII commissioned a suit of armor for Jeanne at the samme time that he set up a military household for her. Armor + poze Jeanne's armor After the inquest at Poitiers. exept. for the head. Under the bolt where the visor has been attached to the helm. The visor is missing. made of rectangular metal plates (usually of steel)-the jaseran." Every piece was independent. by contrast. so that a sword or lance could be wielded more freely. We know that the first suit of mail-the blanc harnoys made for her in Tours-had been left be her in the Abbey church of Saint-Denis after the failure of her attack on Paris. a crest that stood out from the rest of the helmet. a gaunlet. an arm harness. Jeanne also wore a military garment of Oriental origin. an armed vest made of a great number of small plates of metal joined by rivets. and. was the most common item of armament. and its subsequent history is unknown. It was fitted with a small movable visor. Harness The term "harness" designated the diverse garments of war. the heads of which formed a kind of geometric design. a slightly accentuated neck cover. It took 8 weeks for the Jeanne's armor to be made and 600 years later it still takes 8 week . as attested in the accont books of the armores. Bassinets at that time were considered “defenses”-that is. to be more precise. The sallet. another head protection. The right arm was protected in a lighter fashion than the left. The armor of the left arm. which was widely used in fourteenth century. It has been estimated that the purchase of a complete set of military equiment corresponded to two years’ wages for a man-at-arms. She also wore a brigandine. We are ignorant of what happen to her second suit of armour. on the top. from whom pieces were ordered separately: a leg harness. and so on. one spoke about "of the head" or "of the arm.Pierre-du-Martroi at Orléans. was folded back to assist in holding the horse’s reins. protections independent of the rest of a suit of armor. the figure of Our Lord in Glory.F. She carried it personally and did not actually fight. 1998 Jeanne was not canonised until 1920. which Jeanne is said to have adopted as her own private pennon. in the "Comptes" of the Treasurer of War. on the one side. sprinkled with fleur-de-lys. A Scotch painter named James Power made it. It was made at Poitiers. There was also a third banner round which the priests assembled daily for service. . holding in its beak a scroll. . "A white banner." The banner of Jeanne d'Arc by T." The description of this banner varies in different authors. . and giving His benediction to a lily. on the other side the figure of Our Lady and a shield with the arms of France supported by two Angels" (de Cagny). The account for payment.at least not officially. holding the world. so there is no question of her flag being associated with sainthood -. The following account is compiled from them. The white cross and fleur de lis of France are attributed to her and Charles VII. Mills. and thereafter led her troops in battle with a personal heraldic standard. before her march to the relief of Orleans. sep. 25 livres tournois. and represented on a blue ground a white dove. with the words. demourant à Tours.Banner + poze The banner was painted at Tours. gives: "A Hauvres Poulnoir. and on this was depicted the Crucifixion Another banner is mentioned by the Greffier de la Rochelle. This banner was blessed at the Church of Saint-Sauveur at Tours (Chronique de la Pucelle and de Cagny). while Jeanne was staying there. pour avoir paint et baillé estoffes pour une grand estandart et ung petit pour la Pucelle . The small banner or pennon had a representation of the Annunciation. " De par le Roy du Ciel. She approached the King with her vision and plan for liberating France from the English. held by one of two Angels who are kneeling on each side: the words 'Jhesus Maria' at the side. paintre. there was written above it. "Mrs. so it is pretty much up to artistic interpretation. I believe.After relieving the siege of Orléans in May 1429 . and her banner in the other. At her trial in 1431. but what purported to be her banner was burned during the French Revolution. which shows a waist-up figure of Jeanne on the helm with a sword in one hand. 62). Maria" and fleurs de lis." (p. is to be seen now at Tours. Mary Milbank Brown in The Secret History of Jeanne d'Arc (1962) depicts the crest from the coat of arms of Charles du Lys (1612). 'JHESUS MARIA. which must have been copied from age to age. She was apparently carrying it when she was wounded at the St. Oliphant" in Jeanne d'Arc (1926) interestingly writes: "A repetition of this banner. Honoré gate of Paris in September 1429. the world was painted there. meaning that England was subject to France and not vice versa.) It allegedly contained the words "Jesus." I don't think any other reliable evidence of the banner survives. and others that contained a lot of colour. I am not sure how much of this is legend. or if anybody really knows what the standard looked like. I have found no more recent corroboration that such a banner existed. with an angel at each side. nor a description of it as it allegedly existed in 1926.' it was fringed with silk. Jeanne described the banner in her own words: "I had a banner of which the field was sprinkled with lilies. she carried her standard at the coronation of King Charles at Reims. and the multiple fleurs de lis represented the unity of the disparate parts of France. and perhaps other religious motifs like angels. (I have seen representations that were almost all white. it was white of the white cloth called boccassin. . The white cross (whether or not it was included on her standard) was intended to be a contradiction of the English red cross. Some of her relics were allegedly preserved. represent the kingdom of the Ile-de-France. The three fleur-de-lis in the lower half of the standard. primitively the ideograph for breast was merely the sign of the Greek cross as tetrardic footprint of the dove or pigeon. there does not seem to be a reliable reconstruction of Jeanne's banner even though her judges at her trial were obsessed with its possible heretical nature and alleged powers of witchcraft. holding in her left hand the vesicular representation of her organ of generation. He claimed that he bore the cadet branch's arms. Brown claims that the King granted arms to Jeanne's brothers and ennobled them with the name "du Lys". birds in human winged form.The banner is very different from other depictions in that it is a true vexillum . but with both the ecclesial and thronal halves as one kingdom politically. and Jesus alone holding in his hands the world. the two fleur-de-lis are preserved in their ornithic significance as 'angels'. This is the first mention anywhere of any such armorial bearings." Marina Warner in Joan of Arc (1981) implies that all this is nonsense.with at the top a seated Virgin Mary flanked by two angels. In this vexillum the figure of the Great Matriarch. is important because on it is preserved what may be regarded as the authentic standard of the Maid. writing: "In 1612.." In other descriptions of the banner. omitted in the other du Lysian coats-of-arms. She writes about the 1612 crest: "This armorial design . a certain Jean du Lys petitioned the king. In short. placed over each mammary protuberance. set with three arrows. The two sections of the banner symbolize the Church of Gaul of Virgin Mary-worship in superior position to the Kingdom of the Ile-de-France in subservient station. and three fleurs de lys in the field below this scene. since no descendants of Jeanne d'Arcs brothers have ever been traced by genealogists. a shield azure with a golden bow. the lilies of France. that is. and in her right hand the symbol of the fleurde-lis which in ancient times was ever the bird. Isis-Maria. it is said to include Jesus and Mary together.. he authenticated in retrospect a coat of arms that was entirely spurious. all others having been legendized to misrepresent her true matriarchical convictions. . The two fleur-de-lis at the top of her standard represent figuratively the two breasts. and when Louis allowed Jean du Lys to quarter them with lilies. then Louis XIII. The later legendized standards of her proselytizing show God the Father seated upon the throne supported by two masculine saints replacing Goddess the Mother and her two angels. that as the principal branch of the family of Jeanne d'Arc had died out. Immediately below. kneeling in adoration to the Queen of Heaven. two fleurs de lys above the angels. But then the claim itself was hollow. he might take over their coat of arms. sits supremely alone on the throne. in perpetuity. two had issue: the descendants of Jean adopted the name of Du Lys and used the arms. seigneur du Féron. holding a sword surmounted by a crown or in one hand and her banner in the other. Of her three brothers. Thus. but resumed the arms of Arc. Jean and Pierre. and the war-cry La Pucelle!. with war-cry: Les Lys!. The special privilege of female transmission of nobility was a fiscal danger: since nobles were exempted from certain taxes. the privilege was curtailed. petitioned for the right to quarter du Lys and d'Arc. thereon three arrows crossed . Those who were not "living nobly" could not claim the privilege anymore. knight.. and it must have taken place in (Dec 1429). namely: Azure a bow or in fess. She testified at her trial that she never used those arms personally. The family was also authorized to adopt the name of Du Lys. He returned to France and kept the name of Du Lys. which was granted by Letters Patent of November 25. both descended from a daughter of Pierre du Lys. who left only a daughter. the number of tax exemptions could unduly increase.Coat of Arms + poza de sus – granted letter Because of her remarkable actions. and their descendants male and female. It was made in favor of her parents. baron de Tournebeu. Luc received a crest of a fleur-de-lys or issuant between two banners as before. . The symbolism of the arms is fairly obvious. had two sons: Jean. her three brothers Jacquemin. who became a knight. only displaying her banner. As a result. in her family. The arms were: Azure a sword per pale argent hilted or between a crown in chief and two fleurs-de-lys of the last. The Arc family seemed to have arms prior to these events. as part of a reform of the taille in June 1614. Those descendants who had already claimed and were enjoying nobility could retain it and transmit it to their posterity in male line. nobility was transmitted by females.. The arms were also granted to her family. His great-grandsons Charles and Luc du Lys. Charles VII granted her family arms and nobility. Pierre. on a chief argent a lion passant gules. on petition of Robert Le Fournier.. notably the taille. It was confirmed in October 1550. Women ceased to transmit nobility. seigneur de Reinemoulin. The same letters granted to Charles a crest representing Jeanne d'Arc proper. and Jean the younger. and his nephew Lucas du Chemin. 1612. who was briefly Échevin of Arras in the 1480s.