JAZZA Historical Outline µ Louis Armstrong . man.What is Jazz? ´Man. you·ll never know. if you gotta ask. .Roots of JAZZ o West Africa contributed drumming improvisation and complex rhythms o Europe contributed folk tunes and hymns o America contributed a breeding ground for these things to mix. or were formed somewhere else. o Jazz=American Musical Art Form! .Roots of JAZZ o Jazz is the first genre of music to solely culminate in the United States. o All other forms prior to jazz came from (Western) Europe. µ o Jazz helped breech the race barrier o First integrated ensembles: 1930·s o AUDIENCES TOO!!! Benny Goodman first White Band Leader to hire Black Musicians .Roots of JAZZ o Early records are categorized as ´race records. streets. o Encompassed the ¶aleatoric· or improvisational nature of negro spirituals. o Three different components make this genre distinct: o Harmony o Rhythm o Improvisation .Characteristics of JAZZ o Born in New Orleans. speak easys« o Syncopated (off-beat) rhythms and swing (lilting) subdivision. Louisiana o Performed in brothels. river boats. clubs. Ragtime Blues Dixieland Sing/Big Band Bebop Cool Free Jazz Fusion (Jazz/Rock) Rock. Modern Jazz .Timeline of o o o o o o o o o 1890·s-1910·s 1910·s-1920·s 1920·s-1930·s 1930·s-1940·s 1940·s 1940·s-1950·s 1960·s 1960·s-1980·s 1980·s-Current JAZZ Jazz is born. Funk. R&B. .JAZZ Ragtime (late 1890·s-early 1900·s) o Grew out of African American dance styles o Formal structure o Generally performed on piano o Artist: Scott Joplin (Maple Leaf Rag.000 copies. The Entertainer) o Maple Leaf Rag was an instant hit. It sold 75. piano. trombone. banjo and drums o Variations were typical o Characteristic sound derived from o Combination of instruments (timbre) o Melody instruments improvising at the same time (polyphony) .JAZZ Dixieland (1920·s-1930·s) o Began in New Orleans o Typical (small) groups included: clarinet. tuba (bass). trumpet. o Louis Armstrong known for starting and using this style«story says he was recording and dropped his music. Boogie Woogie. could not remember the lyrics. Church Hymns. 12-bar blues.JAZZ Dixieland (1920·s-1930·s) o Marches. Negro Spirituals. ragtime. . all part of the ¶playlistµ o Scat singing-vocal style of improvisation using ¶nonsense· syllables. so he ¶improvised· by scatting. JAZZ Swing (Late 1930·s-1940·s) o AKA ´Big Bandµ or ´Dance Bandµ o Largest group so far. c. 15 members (hence ¶big· band) o Considered POPULAR MUSIC. o Sections now instead of individual instruments o Saxophone Section (clarinet often included) o Trumpet Section o Trombone Section o Rhythm Section (Piano. Drums) . Guitar. Bass. not dancing (more irregular time/style changes).JAZZ Bebop (1940·s) o More complex music for smaller groups o Basic instruments and format same as big band o Back to improvisation. o More sophisticated harmonies . less unison o Meant for listening. Erroll Garner. NC). Sonny Stitt. Max Roach . Miles Davis (early).JAZZ Bebop (1940·s) o Rhythm section responsible for keeping time AND as melody instruments o Artists: Charlie Parker. Thad Jones. Sonny Rollins. Art Pepper. Oscar Peterson. Bud Powell. Charles Mingus. Thelonius Monk (Rocky Mount. Dizzy Gillespie. JAZZ Cool (Late 1940·s-1950·s) o AKA ´West Coast Jazzµ o More calm and relaxed than bebop. hence ¶cool· o Longer compositions than bebop o More written arrangements. Miles Davis (middle). cello and horn often included o Very experimental o Artists: Lester Young. less improvisation o Flute. Chet Baker. Gerry Mulligan . Ornette Coleman. rather than a sit-and-listen. NC) .JAZZ Free (1960s) o Break from traditional jazz forms. harmonies and chords o Very reflective of times o Very irregular in form o Coincides with chance/aleatoric music of John Cage o Very much a recording music. melodies. John Coltrane (High Point. o Artists: Miles Davis (late). Earth. electric piano. Chicago. Weather Report. Tower of Power .JAZZ Fusion (late 1960·s-1980·s) o Became ´Funkµ o Combines jazz and the evolving Rock and Roll style (which came from jazz)«took over as ¶popular music· o Traditional instruments and synthesizers. guitar o Afro-Cuban and Latin Percussion o Artists: Miles Davis (late). Wind & Fire.