G IJU TS U K E N S H Ū N O T A M E N ON IH O N G O (R E V IS E D E D ITIO N ) JAPANESE AN NTEGRATED I CONVERSATIONAL APPROACH SHOKYŪ Elementary JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY TA JR 95-23 G IJU TS U K E N S H Ū N O T A M E N O N IH O N G O (R E V IS E D E D ITIO N ) JAPANESE AN NTEGRATED I CONVERSATIONAL APPROACH SHOKYŪ Elementary JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY MOKUJI HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THIS BOOK..................................... X HIRAGANA................................................................................................... XI KATAKANA ............................................................................................... XII RŌMA-JI ....................................................................................................... XIII USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS ............................................................... XIV CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS ................................................................. XVII OMO NA TŌJŌ JINBUTSU ..................................................................... XVIII 1 . HAJIMEMASHITE......................................................................................... (1) Hajimemashite. (2) Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. (3) Sarimu-san wa sensei ja arimasen. (4) Tanaka-san mo enjinia desu ka. 2 . KORE WA NAN DESU KA. ....................................................................... (1) (2) (3) (4) Kore wa nan desu ka. Nan no ryOri desu ka. Toriniku no ryori wa dore desu ka. Kore wa dare no kasa desu ka. 21 11 1 3. SAKURA DEPĀTO WA DOKO DESU KA. ............................................... (1) Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka. (2) Kippu-uriba wa asoko desu. (3) Jimusho wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. (4) Ginza made ikura desu ka. TABLE OF CONTENTS HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THIS BOOK..................................... X HIRAGAXA CHART.................................................................................... X I KATAKANA CHART ................................................................................. X II ROMA-JI CHART .................'...................................................................... X III USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS ............................................................... X IV CLASSROOM EXPRESSIONS ................................................................. X V II MAIN CHARACTERS ................................................................................ X V III 1 . HOW DO YOU DO? ..................................................................................... (1) How do you do? (2) Mr. Salim is an engineer. (3) Mr. Salim is not a teacher. (4) Is Mr. Tanaka also an engineer? 2. WHAT IS THIS? ........................................................................................... (1) What is this7 (2) What kind of dish is this7 1 11 (3) Which are chicken dishes? (4) Whose umbrella is this? 3 . WHERE IS THE SAKURA DEPARTMENT STORE? .............................. (1) (2) (3) (4) Where is the Sakura Department Store? The ticket office is over there. What are the office hours? How much is it to Ginza? 21 4 . HANBĀGĀ O KUDASAI. ............................................……………………… (1) Hanbāgā o kudasai. 31 (2) Ikutsu desu ka. (3) Kōhii o hitotsu onegai- shimasu. (4) Kamera wa nan-gai desu ka. (5) Ano kamera o misete kudasai. (6) Motto yasui no wa arimasu ka. 5 . ITSU NIHON E KIMASHITA KA. (1) Itsu Ninon e kimashita ka. (2) 12-gatsu 21-nichi ni kuni e kaerimasu. (3) Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. (4) Kenshū wa itsu kara desu ka. 6. NANI O SHIMASU KA. ……………………………………………………….… (1) Nani o shimasu ka. (2) Asa shinbun o yomimasu. (3) Nichi-yōbi ni kyōkai e ikimasu. (4) Tokidoki Shinjuku de kaimono o shimasu. (5) Kazoku to issho ni terebi o mimasu. 7 . YOKOHAMA E IKIMASEN KA. ……………………………………………… (1) Yokohama e ikimasen ka. (2) Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. (3) 9-ji wa dō desu ka. (4) Doko de aimashō ka. (5) Sentā no denwa - bangō wa nan - ban desu ka. 8 . BYOIN WA DOKO NI ARIMASU KA. (1) Byōin wa doko ni arimasu ka. (2) Byōin ni kangofu san ga nan-nin imasu ka. (3) Hana ya ki ga takusan arimasu. (4) Watashi wa kodomo ga imasu. …………………………………….… 67 59 51 …………………………………………… 41 4 . PLEASE GIVE ME SOME HAMBURGERS. ……………………………. 31 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Please give me some hamburgers. How many? One coffee, please. Where can I find cameras? Please show me that camera over there. (6) Do you have anything cheaper? 5 . WHEN DID YOU COME TO JAPAN' ...................................................... (1) When did you come to Japan? (2) I'm going home on the 21st of December. (3) Where are you going tomorrow? (4) When does your training begin? 6. WHAT DO YOU DO? .................................................................................. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) What do you do? I read newspapers in the morning. I go to church on Sundays. Sometimes I go shopping in Shinjuku. I watch television with my family. 41 51 7 . WON'T YOU GO TO YOKOHAMA WITH ME?......................................... 59 (1) Won't you go to Yokohama with me' (2) Because a friend of mine will be coming. (3) How about 9 o'clock? (4) Where shall we meet9 (5) What is the telephone number of your centre' 8 . WHERE IS THE HOSPITAL? .................................................................... (1) Where is your hospital? (2) How many nurses are there in your hospital' (3) There are many flowers and trees. (4) I have a child. 67 9 . ONGAKU GA SUKI DESU. ................................................................................ 77 (1) Watashi wa ongaku ga suki desu. (2) Donna ongaku ga suki desu ka. (3) Maria-san wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu ka. (4) Nihon no ryōri ga tsukuritai desu. 10. DONNA TOKORO DESU KA. ........................................................................... 85 (1) Bandon wa amari atsuku nai desu. (2) Indoneshia wa atsui kuni desu. (3) Donna tokoro desu ka. (4) Shizuka na tokoro desu. (5) Tōkyō wa do desu ka. (6) Tōkyō wa hito ya kuruma ga ōi desu. 11. KYŌTO WA DŌ DESHITA KA. ........................................................................ 95 (1) Kyōto wa dō deshita ka. (2) Totemo kirei deshita. (3) Ii tenki deshita. (4) Tanoshikatta desu. (5) Asa wa ame ga furimashita ga, gogo wa ii tenki deshita. 12. OSHIETE KUDASAI. ......................................................................................... 103 (1) Chotto oshiete kudasai. (2) Dobutsuen made dō yatte ikimasu ka. (3) Shinjuku kara Ueno made dono gurai desu ka. (4) Soko o massugu itte kudasai. 13. DOKO NI TOMATTE IMASU KA. ..................................................................... 113 (1) Doko ni tomatte imasu ka. (2) Daigaku de jisshū o shite imasu. (3) Bandon ni sunde imasu. (4) Ima terebi o mite imasu. 9. I LIKE MUSIC. ........................................................................................... (1) (2) (3) (4) I like music. What kind of music do you like? Maria, can you use chopsticks? I want to make Japanese food. 77 10. WHAT KIND OF PLACE IS IT? ................................................................. (1) It's not so hot in Bandung. (2) Indonesia is a hot country. (3) What kind of place is i t? (4) It's a quiet place. (5) How do you like Tokyo? (6) Tokyo is full of people and cars. 85 11. HOW DID YOU LIKE KYOTO? ............................................................... 95 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) How did you like Kyoto? It was very beautiful. The weather was fine. I enjoyed it very much. It rained in the morning but it was fine in the afternoon. ................................................................................. 103 12. PLEASE TELL ME. (1) Could you tell me, please? (2) How can I get to the zoo9 (3) How far is it from Shinjuku to Ueno? (4) Please go straight ahead there. 13. WHERE ARE YOU STAYING?................................................................... 113 (1) (2) (3) (4) Where are you staying? I'm having practice at the university. They live in Bandung. Now I'm watching television. 14. DŌ SHITA N DESU KA. ......................................................................... 121 (1) Jisshū o yasundemo ii desu ka. (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Dō shita n desu ka. Atama 'ga itai n desu. lie, mada desu. Mō daijōbu desu. Dō shitara ii desu ka. 15. SHASHIN WA TORANAIDE KUDASAI. .............................................. 129 (1) Shashin wa toranaide kudasai. (2) Ikkagetsu ni nan-dai kuruma o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu ka. (3) Dono gurai Ninon ni imasu ka. (4) Enpitsu o 3-bon kudasai. APPENDICES . PLAIN STYLE SPEECH ................................................................. 141 2 . LIST OF NUMBERS, TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS ....... 143 3 . USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS........................................... 147 4 . CONJUGATION TABLES OF VERBS .......................................... 156 5. KEIYŌSHI [LIST OF ADJECTIVES] ................................................. 158 6. JOSHI [LIST OF PARTICLES] .....................................…................ 160 7. OMO NA GAKUSHŪ KŌMOKU [LIST OF STUDY POINTS] ........ 161 1 8. SAKUIN [INDEX] ................................................................................. 162 14. WHAT'S THE MATTER? ........................................................................... 121 (1) May I be absent from the practice? (2) What's the matter? (3) I have a headache. (4) No, not yet. (5) I'm all right now. (6) What should I do? 15. PLEASE DO NOT TAKE PICTURES. ..................................................... 129 (1) (2) (3) (4) Please do not take pictures. How many cars can you produce a month? How long are you going to stay in Japan? Please give me three pencils. APPENDICES 1 . PLAIN STYLE SPEECH ................................................................... 141 2 . LIST OF NUMBERS. TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS .......... 143 3 . USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS ........................................ 147 4. CONJUGATION TABLES OF VERBS ............................................ 156 5. LIST OF ADJECTIVES ...................................................................... 158 6. LIST OF PARTICLES .......................................................................... 160 7. LIST OF STUDY POINTS ............................................................... 161 8. INDEX .................................................................................................. 162 HOW TO GET THE MOST OUT OF THIS BOOK This textbook is intended to teach beginners words and expression- they are most likely to come across in daily life. When using this book, please bear in mind the following guidelines: . 2. 3. 4. 1 Listen carefully to the teacher's correct pronunciation in class. Practice speaking aloud in class under the teacher's guidance. During lessons, try to rely as little as possible on looking at the textbook. When reviewing the material on your own, practice speaking aloud. It's important to repeat things over and over again. It's not enough simply to look at the book and work out the meaning of the sentence. Each lesson is made up of the following: 1 . Dialogues. 2 . English translation of the dialogue, and illustrations of the dialogues help you understand the context. 3 . New Words and Expressions. 4 . Grammatical notes. 5 . Exercise. The exercise in each lesson contains the following elements: Substitution drills: Replace the underlined word(s) with other expressions provided. (2) After the drills, imagine situations you will come across and practice by making use of those sentences and expressions. (3) At the end of each lesson, you will be able to express yourself in a short composition by using the sentence patterns and words you have learned in the lesson. (1) HIRAGANA あ か が さ ざ た い き ぎ し じ ち う く ぐ す ず つ え け げ せ ぜ て お こ ご そ ぞ と ど の ほ ぼ ぽ も よ れ ろ を * The letters in ( seldom used. ) are きゃ ぎゃ しゃ じゃ ちゃ きゅ きょ ぎゅ ぎょ しゅ しょ じゅ じょ ちゅ ちょ だ (ぢ) (づ) で な は ば ぱ ま や ら わ ん り に ひ び ぴ み ぬ ふ ぶ ぷ む ゆ る ね へ べ ぺ め にゃ ひゃ びゃ ぴゃ みゃ にゅ にょ ひゅ ひょ びゅ びょ ぴゅ ぴょ みゅ みょ りゃ りゅ りょ KATAKANA ｱ ｶ ｶﾞ ｻ ｻﾞ ﾀ ｲ ｷ ｷﾞ ｼ ｼﾞ ﾁ ｳ ｸ ｸﾞ ｽ ｽﾞ ﾂ ｴ ｹ ｹﾞ ｾ ｾﾞ ﾃ ｵ ｺ ｺﾞ ｿ ｿﾞ ﾄ ﾄﾞ ﾉ ﾎ ﾎﾞ ﾎﾟ ﾓ ﾖ ﾚ ﾛ (ｦ) * The letters in ( seldom used. ) are ｷｬ ｷﾞｬ ｼｬ ｼﾞｬ ﾁｬ ｷｭ ｷﾞｭ ｼｭ ｼﾞｭ ﾁｭ ｷｮ ｷﾞｮ ｼｮ ｼﾞｮ ﾁｮ ﾀﾞ (ﾁﾞ) (ﾂﾞ) ﾃﾞ ﾅ ﾊ ﾊﾞ ﾊﾟ ﾏ ﾔ ﾗ ﾜ ﾝ ﾘ ﾆ ﾋ ﾋﾞ ﾋﾟ ﾐ ﾇ ﾌ ﾌﾞ ﾌﾟ ﾑ ﾕ ﾙ ﾈ ﾍ ﾍﾞ ﾍﾟ ﾒ ﾆｬ ﾋｬ ﾋﾞｬ ﾋﾟｬ ﾐｬ ﾆｭ ﾋｭ ﾋﾞｭ ﾋﾟｭ ﾐｭ ﾆｮ ﾋｮ ﾋﾞｮ ﾋﾟｮ ﾐｮ ﾘｬ ﾘｭ ﾘｮ RŌMA-JI a ka ga sa za ta da na ha ba pa ma ya ra wa n ri i ki gi shi ji chi (ji) ni hi bi pi mi u ku gu su zu tsu (zu) nu fu bu pu mu yu ru re e ke ge se ze te de ne he be pe me o ko go so zo to do no ho bo po mo yo ro o rya ryu ryo nya hya bya pya mya nyu hyu byu pyu myu nyo hyo byo pyo myo kya gya sha ja cha kyu gyu shu ju chu kyo gyo sho jo cho [USEFUL DAILY EXPRESSIONS] 1 . Ohayo gozaimasu. Good morning. Can be used up to about 10 a.m. 2 . Konnichiwa. Hello. /Good afternoon. Use this expression after 10 a.m. and during the afternoon. Like many expressions in Japanese, only part of a full sentence is used, the rest being implied by the situation. For instance, "It's nice today, isn't it?" or "It's cold today." In fact, commenting on the weather often substitutes for a more formal greeting, particularly among friends. 3 . Konbanwa. Good evening. Use after around 5 p.m. This expression evolved in the same way as “Konnichiwa". 4 . Sayōnara. Good - bye. This expression is used mainly among close friends or colleagues, or by older people to their juniors. It's never used between members of the same family. 5 . Oyasuminasai. Good night. This is an appropriate expression to use when saying good-bye late at night, either in person or on the telephone. 6 . Dewa, mata. (Ja, mata.) See you. This is often used by close friends or colleagues when parting. It can also be used to say good-bye on the telephone. 7 . Itte rasshai. Good-bye. This is used to say good-bye to someone who is going away and coming back to the same place. For instance, a mother will say it to her children as she sends them off to school. 8 . Itte kimasu. Good-bye. This is what the person going out says to whoever is staying at home. It can also be used when leaving your place of work on a short business trip. 9. Tadaima. I'm back. This is what a member of a family calls out to the rest of the family as soon as getting back home from school, work, shopping, etc. As often happens in Japanese, the verb is left out because the meaning is obvious: "I've come home right now." 10. Okaerinasai. Welcome home. This is the standard way of replying to "Tadaima". 11. Omedeto gozaimasu. Congratulations. 12. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Thank you very much. This is a very polite way of thanking someone. It can be shortened and made more casual by saying "Arigatō gozaimasu" or "Arigatō". An even more casual way of saying "thank you", particularly among friends, is to say simply "Dōmo". 13. Dō itashimashite. You're welcome./Don't mention it. This is a polite way of replying to someone who has either thanked you or apologized for something. A less formal reply is simply "lie". 14. Sumimasen. Excuse me. This expression is used to get someone's attention, to apologize for a minor mistake, or to express appreciation for receiving someone's kindness. 15. Onegai-shimasu. Please./Could you do me a favor? This expression is used when you ask for something to be served or done for you. 16. (O) ki o tsukete. Take care. This is a friendly way of telling someone to take care (not to catch cold, have an accident, etc.). When somebody already has caught a cold or has some other minor illness, the expression to use is "Odaiji ni". 17. Itadakimasu. Thank you. Use this whenever about to start a meal. If you are a guest, it should be addressed directly to your host as a way of thanks. Even in a group where everyone has paid for his own meal, most people will say "Itadakimasu" before starting to eat. It's also a polite way of thanking someone for a small gift. 18. Gochisosama deshita. Thank you./It was delicious. This is the way to thank your host for a meal after eating. In a coffee shop, if someone insists on paying for your drink, you should say "Gochisōsama deshita" as you leave. You can also use it to thank the waiter in a restaurant. 19. Ogenki de. Look after yourself. This is a friendly way of saying good-bye to someone you don't see very often or who's going away on a trip. It can also be used at the end of a letter to sign off. 20. Ganbatte kudasai. Good luck. Keep up the good work. This expression is used by older people to encourage their junior colleagues in their efforts. 21. Shitsurei-shimasu. Excuse me. This is an extremely useful expression that can be used in a wide variety of situations —when entering a room, when leaving, or when asking someone to move aside. "O-saki ni shitsurei-shimasu" is used when leaving a group of people before everybody else. So in Japanese, this one expression can be used to replace a variety of phrases, such as "May I come in?", "I must be going", and "May I come through7" In the past tense, "Shitsurei-shimashita" is a straightforward apology. 22. O-genki desu ka. How are you? This is not like the greeting in English "How are you?", but rather is used only among people who haven't met for a long time. 23. Daijobu desu. No problems./O.K./All right. Use this when mentioning the condition of one's work, health, etc. 24. Osewa ni narimashita. Thank you for your kindness. This expression is used when a great favor has been granted to you. [CLASSROOM EXPRESIONS] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. Hajimemashō. Kiite kudasai. Kurikaeshite kudasai. Itte kudasai. Mō ichi-do. Yukkuri itte kudasai. Issho ni dōzo. Kokuban o mite kudasai. Kaite kudasai. Oboete kudasai. Yonde kudasai. Kotaete kudasai. Wakarimashita ka. Hai, wakarimashita. Iie, wakarimasen. Hon o akete kudasai. Hon o tojite kudasai. A-san ni kiite kudasai. Renshū-shite kudasai. Chotto matte kudasai. Yasumimashō. Kore de owarimasu. li desu. Chigaimasu. Shitsumon ga arimasu. Let's begin. Please listen. Please repeat (after me). Please say. Once more. Please say it slowly, All together. Please look at the blackboard. Write it down, please, Please memorize it. Please read it. Please answer me. Do you understand? Yes, I do. No, I don't, Open your books, please. Close your books, please. Ask Mr. A, please. Please practice this. Just a moment, please. Let's have a break. Let's stop there, That's fine. That's incorrect. I have a question. OMO NA TŌJŌ JINBUTSU I . Kenshūin Sarimu Mari a Wan Indoneshia Enjinia Mekishiko Kangofu Chūgoku Kenkyuin II . Nihon-jin Tanak a Satō Enjinia Isha GIJUTSUKENSHŪ NO TAMN IH O N G O E NO 1 Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka HAJIMEMASHITE. Tanaka : Tanaka Sarimu : Salim KAIWA : : : : : : : : : : : : : Konnichiwa. Konnichiwa. Hajimemashite. Tanaka desu. Hajimemashite. Sarimu dcsu. JICA no kenshūin desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. Dōzo yoroshiku. Sarimu-san, o-kuni wa? Indoneshia desu. Jakaruta desu ka. Iie, Jakaruta ja arimasen. Bandon desu. Sō desu ka. O-shigoto wa? Enjinia desu. Watashi mo enjinia desu. Kenshū kōsu wa? Konpyūta desu. Sō desu ka. 1 Tanaka HOW DO YOU DO? DIALOGUE : Hello. Salim Tanaka Salim Tanaka Salim Tanaka Salim Tanaka Salim Tanaka Salim Tanaka : : : : : : : : : : : : Hello. How do you do? I'm Tanaka. How do you do? I'm Salim. I'm a JICA participant. It's nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. Mr. Salim, where are you from? Indonesia. Jakarta? No, not Jakarta. I'm from Bandung. I see. What is your occupation? I'm an engineer. I'm an engineer, too. What is your training course? Computer. I see. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa Hajimemashite. Tanaka Sarimu. Konnichiwa New Words and Expressions Dialogue How do you do? Tanaka Salim Hello. / Good Afternoon. -- desu JICA no kenshuin Dōzo yoroshiku -- san (Tanaka-san) o -(o) kuni -- wa Indoneshia Jakaruta -- ka. lie -- ja arimasen Bandon Sō desu ka. (o) shigoto enjinia watashi -- mo kenshū-kōsu konpyūta be (am / are / is) JICA participant Nice to meet you. Mr. / Mrs. / Miss (Mr. Tanaka) honorific prefix (your) country a particle indicating that the preceding noun is the topic Indonesia Jakarta [a place name in Indonesia] a particle indicating a question No (am / is / are) not Bandung [a place name in Indonesia] I see. (your) occupation engineer I too; also training course computer (In the engineering( field, the form 'konpyūta' is used, but 'konpyūtā' is the form that is generally used.) Atarashii kotoba Renshu Ohayō gozaimasu. Konbanwa. Oyasuminasai. Sayōnara. Dewa, mata. Wan Maria Chūgoku New Words and Expressions Exercise Good morning. Good evening. Good night. Good - bye. See you. (The colloquial form of this is 'Ja, mata'.) Wang Maria China Tai (o) namae isha kyōshi bideo nōgyō kangofu kōmuin sensei kenkyūin Satō Hai, sō desu. Pekin Ejiputo Kairo Bankoku jikoshōkai (Bandon) kara kimashita. Thailand (your) name medical doctor teacher (when you talk about your own job, 'kyōshi' is used.) video agriculture nurse public official teacher (when you talk about someone else's job, 'sensei' is used.) researcher Sato Yes, I am/you are/he is/etc. Beijing [a place name in China] Egypt Cairo [a place name in Egypt] Bangkok [a place name in Thailand) self introduction I'm from (Bandung). Kazu [Numbers] 0 1 2 3 4 5 zero, rei ichi ni san yon, shi go 6 7 8 9 10 roku shichi, nana hachi kyū, ku jū Kaisetsu Notes 1. N1 wa N2 desu. Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. [Mr. Salim is an engineer.] 'wa functions to indicate that the preceding noun is the topic of the sentence, 'desu' is close to the English verb "to be" and can be translated as "am/are/is" depending on the context. 2. N1 wa N2 desu ja arimasen. Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. [Mr. Salim is an engineer.] 'ja arimasen' is the negative form of 'desu’, showing that the statement is the negative present tense. 3. N1 wa N2 desu ka. Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu. [Mr. Salim is an engineer.] 'ka' added at the end of the sentence makes it into a question. 4. 'Hai' 'Iie’ Q A : N1 wa N2 desu ka. : (1) Hai, N2 desu. / Hai, sō desu. (2) Iie, N2 ja arimasen. 'Hai, sō desu' is an expression used to show agreement, and it can mean "Yes, it is", "Yes, I am", "Yes, that's right", depending on the context. Positive answers Q : Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu ka. A : (1) Hai, enjinia desu. (2) Hai, sō desu. Negative answers Q : Sarimu-san wa sensei desu ka. A : Iie, sensei ja arimasen. [Is Mr. Salim an engineer?] [Yes, he is an engineer.] [Yes, he is.] [Is Mr. Salim a teacher?] [No, he isn't a teacher.] RENSHŪ <1> (1 ) A: Ohayō gozaimasu. B: Ohayō gozaimasu. (1) Konnichiwa. (3) Oyasuminasai. (5) Dewa, mata. <2> (1 ) A: Hajimemashite. Tanaka desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. B: Hajimemashite. Sarimu desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. (1) Wan (2) Maria A: O-kuni wa? B: Indoneshia desu (1) Chōgoku (2) Tai (2) Konbanwa (4) Sayōnara. (2 ) (3 ) A: O-namae wa? B: Sarimu desu. (1) Maria (2) Wan (4 ) A: O-shigoto wa? B: Enjinia desu. (1) isha A: Kenshū-kōsu wa? B: Konpyūta desu. (1) bideo (2) nōgyō (2) kyōshi (5 ) <3> (1 ) Watashi wa enjinia desu. (1) kangofu (2 ) (3 ) <4> (2) kōmuin Sarimu-san wa sensei ja arimasen. (1) isha (2) kenkyūin Sarimu-san wa kenshūin desu. Watashi mo kenshūin desu. (1) Maria-san (2) Wan-san (1 ) A: Sarimu-san wa enjinia desu ka. B: Hai, enjinia desu. (1) Maria-san / kangofu (3) Satō-san / isha A: Maria-san wa kangofu desu ka. B: Hai, sō desu. (1) Sarimu-san / enjinia (3) Satō-san / isha (2) Wan-san / kenkyūin (2) Wan-san / kenkyūin (2 ) (3 ) A: Maria-san wa isha desu ka. B: Iie, isha ja arimasen. (1) Tanaka-san / kenkyūin (3) Wan-san / enjinia A: Maria-san wa enjinia desu ka. (2) Satō-san / kangofu (4 ) <5> (1 ) B: Iie, enjinia ja arimasen. Kangofu desu. (1) Wan-san / kenkyūin (2) Satō-san / isha Indoneshia no Jakaruta kara kimashita. (1) Chūgoku / Pekin (3) Tai / Bankoku (2) Ejiputo / Kairo <6> Jikoshōkai Hajimemashite. Sarimu desu. Indoneshia no Bandon kara kimashita. Shigoto wa enjinia desu. Kenshū-kōsu wa konpyūta desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. 2 KORE WA NAN DESU KA. Ueitoresu : Waitress Sarimu Irasshaimase. Menyū desu. Dōzo. Kore wa nan desu ka. : Salim KAIWA [1] Ueitoresu Sarimu : : Ueitoresu Sarimu Ueitoresu Sarimu Ueitoresu Sarimu [2] Ueitoresu Sarimu Ueitoresu : : : : : : Tonkatsu desu. Nan no ryōri desu ka. Butaniku no ryōri desu. Toriniku no ryōri wa dore desu ka. Kore to kore desu. Kore wa oishii desu yo. Ja, kore, onegai-shimasu. : : : A, kore wa · · · Watashi no desu. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Dō itashimashite. 2 [1] Waitress Salim Waitress Salim Waitress Salim Waitress Salim [2] Waitress WHAT IS THIS? DIALOGUE : : : : : : : : Oh, is this ••• Hello. Here's a menu for you. What is this? It's tonkatsu. What kind of dish is it? It's a pork dish. Which are chicken dishes? This and this. This one is very good. O.K. Then I'll take this. Salim Waitress : It's mine. Thank you very much. You're welcome. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa kore nan ueitoresu Irasshaimase. menyū Dōzo. tonkatsu (nan) no ryōri nan no ryōri butaniku toriniku dore A to B oishii New Words and Expressions Dialogue this what waitress Welcome. menu Here you are. pork cutlet of (what) Cooking; dish; cuisine what sort of cooking / dish pork chicken which A and B delicious (--desu) yo. ja onegai-shimasu A! —no (watashi no) Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Dō itashimashite. a particle for emphasis / suggestion well please; I'll take -Oh! possessive particle (my; mine) Thank you very much. You’re welcome. Atarashii kotoba Renshū gyūniku tamago sore sukiyaki tenpura sushi sashimi sakana yasai kōhii mizu kasa kamera kagi hon jisho are dare dare no anata New Words and Expressions Exercise beef egg that one sukiyaki ; beef and vegetable dish tempura; deep fried fish and vegetables sushi; rice dish with raw fish sashimi; sliced raw fish fish vegetable coffee water umbrella camera key book dictionary that one over there who whose you (When addressing superiors, 'anata' is avoided. Instead, the person's surname, title or occupation is used.) No, it is not. Excuse me. Japanese language Iie, chigaimasu. Sumimasen. Nihon-go (Nihon-go) de denwa tokei Sā, wakarimasen. in (Japanese language) telephone watch; clock I'm sorry I don't know. Kazu [Numbers] 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 jū-ichi jū-ni jū-san jū-yon / jū-shi jū-go jū-roku jū-shichi jū-nana jū-hachi jū-kyū / jū-ku ni-jū 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 jū ni-jū san-jū yon-jū / shi-jū go-jū roku-jū shichi-jū nana-jū hachi-jū kyū-jū hyaku Kaisetsu Notes 1. kore / sore /are kore this (one) sore are that (one) that (one) over there a thing or things near the speaker a thing or things nearer to the listener than to the speaker a thing or things located at some distance from both the speaker and the listener (an interrogative pronoun) dore which (one) kore sore wa N desu. are kore sore wa nan desu ka. (1) Kore wa butaniku desu. are [This is pork.] 2. N wa N wa kore sore are dore desu. desu ka. (1) Kore wa butaniku desu. [This is pork.] (2) Toriniku wa dore desu ka. [Which one is the chicken?] 3. 'na (person) no N n' is an interrogative and corresponds to "what" in English. The original form of 'nan' is 'nani'. 4. (1) modifies the second noun. Nihon-go no hon [a Japanese book] 'no' is a particle that functions to connect two nouns. N1 wa dare no N2 desu ka. The first noun N wa (person) no desu. (2) 'no' in this case indicates that the person is the possessor of the noun. N (o) onegai-shimasu. (3) 'dare' is an interrogative pronoun to ask "who", and 'dare no' means "whose". Kore wa dare no kagi desu ka. [Whose key is this?] (4) Sarimu-san no kasa umbrella] [Mr. Salim's N1 no N2 The thing that the person possesses is not mentioned when it is already known and clear. Kore wa Sarimu-san no desu. [This is Mr. Salim's.] 5. This expression is used when you want to obtain some service or things you need. ‘o’ is a particle indicating that the noun is the object you want. ‘o’ is sometimes omitted. (1) (2) (3) Sandoitchi (o) onegai-shimasu. [Sandwiches, please.] Kagi, onegai-shimasu. [Key, please.] Sarimu-san, onegai-shimasu. [Mr. Salim. please.] RENSHŪ <1> (1) A: Kore wa butaniku desu ka. B: Hai, so desu. gyuniku toriniku tamago (2) A: Kore wa nan desu ka. B: Sore wa sukiyaki desu. tenpura sushi sashimi (3) A: Kore wa nan no ryōri desu ka. B: Butaniku no ryōri desu. sakana toriniku gyuniku to yasai (4) A: Toriniku no ryōri wa dore desu ka. B: Kore desu. sakana tamago yasai (5) Menyū, onegai-shimasu. kohii mizu kore to kore <2> (1) Kore wa Maria-san no kasa desu. Sarimu-san / kamera Wan-san / kagi Tanaka-san / hon Sato-san / jisho A: Are wa dare no kasa desu ka. B: Watashi no desu. kagi / Wan san kamera / Sarimu-san hon / Tanaka-san A: Kore wa anata no kagi desu ka. B: Iie, watashi no ja arimasen. kamera hon jisho (2) (3) (4) A: Kore wa Maria-san no kamera desu ka. B: Iie, chigaimasu. Sarimu-san no desu. hon / Tanaka-san jisho / Sato san kagi / Wan-san <3> A: Sumimasen. (1) B: Denwa desu. A: Arigatō gozaimasu. Kore wa Nihon-go de nan desu ka. <4> A: Kore wa nan desu ka. B: Sukiyaki desu. (1) A: Nan no ryōri desu ka. B: Gyūniku to yasai no ryōri desu. A: Oishii desu ka. B: Hai, oishii desu yo. A: Sumimasen. (2) Kore wa dare no desu ka. B: Sā, wakarimasen. C: A! Watashi no desu. 3 [1] Sarimu Furonto Sarimu Furonto Sarimu [2] SAKURA DEPĀTO WA DOKO DESU KA. Sarimu Furonto Nihon-jin Eki'in Sumimasen. Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka Ginza desu. Depāto wa nan-ji made desu ka. 7-ji made desu. Arigatō gozaimasu. : Salim : Front desk : A Japanese person : Station attendant KAIWA : : : : : Sarimu Nihon-jin Sarimu Sarimu Nihon-jin Sarimu Nihon-jin Sarimu [3] Sarimu Eki'in Sarimu : : : : : : : : : : : Sumimasen. Kippu-uriba wa doko desu ka. Asoko desu. Arigatō gozaimasu. Ginza made ikura desu ka. 180-en desu. Ginza wa nan-bansen desu ka. 1-bansen desu. Dōmo arigatō. Sumimasen. Kore wa Ginza e ikimasu ka. Hai, ikimasu. Dōmo. 3 Salim Front Salim Front WHERE IS THE SAKURA DEPARTMENT STORE? DIALOGUE : : : : Excuse me. Where is the Sakura Department Store? It's in Ginza. Until what time is the store open? 7 o'clock. Salim Salim Japanese Salim Salim Japanese Salim Japanese Salim Salim S. A. Salim : : : : : : : : : : : : Thank you. Excuse me. Where is the ticket office? It's over there. Thank you. How much does it cost to go to Ginza? 180 yen. What is the platform number for Ginza? No. 1. Thank you. Excuse me. Does this train go to Ginza? Yes, it does. Thanks. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa Sakura depāto doko furonto New Words and Expressions Dialogue Sakura [a Japanese name; its original meaning is 'cherry blossoms.'] department store where front desk Nihon-jin eki'in Ginza nan-ji --made 7-ji kippu kippu-uriba asoko ikura --en --bansen --e ikimasu (iku)* Dōmo. a Japanese person station attendant Ginza [a place name in Tokyo] what time until; to 7 o'clock ticket ticket office over there how much yen platform number to (a particle indicating direction) to go Thanks. [ * The word shown here in ( ) is the dictionary form of the verb. Lesson 9] Atarashii kotoba Renshū ima (9-ji) han --fun / pun jimusho --kara (desu) gozen gogo ginkō byōin kurasu koko shokudō robii toire soko New Words and Expressions Exercise now half past (nine) minute office (is) from a.m. p.m. bank hospital class here dining hall lobby toilet there eki Shinjuku Fuji-san Shizuoka Tōkyō Akihabara Kyōto Ōsaka Nagoya ikimasen tsugi station Shinjuku [a place name in Tokyo] Mt. Fuji Shizuoka [a place name in Japan] Tokyo Akihabara [a place name in Tokyo] Kyoto [a place name in Japan] Osaka [a place name in Japan] Xagoya [a place name in Japan] don't / doesn't go next Nan-ji [What time--?] 1-ji 2-ji 3-ji 4-ji 5-ji 6-ji 7-ji 8-ji 9-ji 10-ji 11-ji 12-ji ichi-ji ni-ji san-ji yo-ji go-ji roku-ji shichi-ji hachi-ji ku-ji jū-ji jūichi-ji jūni-ji Nan-pun [How many minutes--?] 1-pun 2-fun 3-pun 4-pun 5-fun ippun ni-fun san-pun yon-pun go-fun 6-pun roppun 7-fun nana-fun 8-pun happun / hachi-fun 9-fun kyū-fun 10-pun jippun / juppun 20-pun ni-jippun / ni-juppun 30-pun san-jippun / san-juppun 40-pun yon-jippun / yon-juppun 50-pun go-jippun / go-juppun Kazu [Numbers] 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 hyaku ni-hyaku san-byaku yon-hyaku go-hyaku roppyaku nana-hyaku happyaku kyū-hyaku sen Kaisetsu Notes 1. koko / soko / asoko koko soko here there the location of the object is close to the speaker the location of the object is closer to the listener than to the speaker asoko over there the location of the object is distant from both the speaker and the listener doko where (an interrogative to ask location) N wa koko soko asoko desu. Jimusho wa koko desu. [The office is here.] Jimusho wa doko desu ka. [Where is the office?] N wa doko desu ka. 2. 'N wa koko desu' indicates that N is located at a place being pointed to. 3. koko soko asoko wa N desu. ‘Koko wa N desu' is used to describe what the place being pointed to is. fun pun han ~ji 8-ji 5-fun 5-ji 10-pun 4-ji han [ 5 minutes past eight] [10 minutes past five] [half past four] 4. 'ji' is a time classifier of hours, meaning "o'clock". Note that '4-ji' is pronounced ' yo-ji' and '9-ji= ku-ji.' 'fun / pun’ are the classifiers for minutes. (time) kara (time) made 5. 9-ji kara 5-ji made [from 9 until 5 o'clock! 'kara' indicates the starting point and 'made indicates the final or ultimate point in time. Ikura desu ka. (place) kara (place) made 6. 'kara’ ("from") used after a place name indicates that the place is the starting point, 'made' ("to" or "as far as") added after a place name indicates the destination. 7. Kore wa ikura desu ka. [How much is this?] Ginza made ikura desu ka. [How much is the fare to Ginza?] 'ikura' is an interrogative pronoun to ask cost and price.. Kore wa Ginza e ikimasu. [This train goes to Ginza.] Narita kara Ginza made [from Narita to Ginza] (place) e ikimasu 8. ‘e’ is the particle that indicates the direction or destination of movement with verbs of coming and going. [ Lesson 5]. RENSHŪ <1> (1) A: Ima nan-ji desu ka. B: 4-ji desu. 9-ji han <2> (1) Jimusho wa 9-ji kara desu. A: Jimusho wa nan-ji kara desu ka. B: 9-ji kara desu. Jimusho wa 5-ji made desu. A: Jimusho wa nan-ji made desu ka. B: 5-ji made desu. A: Sumimasen. Jimusho wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. B: 9-ji kara 5-ji made desu. depāto 7-ji 15-fun 1-ji 40-pun (2) (3) 9 : 00 ~ 5 : 00 (4) (5) ginkō gozen 10 : 00 ~ gogo 7 : 00 byōin 9 : 00 ~ 3 : 00 Nihon-go no kurasu 9 : 00 ~ 6 : 30 <3> (1) Koko wa jimusho desu. shokudō (2) Toire wa koko desu. soko asoko robii 9 : 30 ~ 4 : 00 furonto (3) A: Jimusho wa doko desu ka. B: Asoko desu. denwa / soko toire / koko eki / asoko (4) A: Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka. B: Ginza desu. JICA / Shinjuku Fuji-san / Shizuoka <4> (1) Ginza made 180 en desu. Tōkyō Shinjuku (2) A: Ginza made ikura desu ka. B: 180-en desu. Akihabara / 190 Shinjuku / 130 (3) A: Ginza wa nan-bansen desu ka. B: 1-bansen desu. Shinjuku / 4 Akihabara / 2 (4) A: Kore wa Kyōto e ikimasu ka. B: Hai, ikimasu. Ōsaka Nagoya <5> A: Sumimasen. B: Iie, ikimasen. (1) A: Ginza wa nan-bansen desu ka. B: 1-bansen desu. A: Arigatō gozaimasu. Kore wa Ginza e ikimasu ka. A: Sumimasen. (2) A: Sō desu ka. Shinjuku wa tsugi desu ka. Shinjuku wa tsugi no tsugi desu. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. B: Iie, chigaimasu. 4 [1] Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in [2] Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in Sarimu Ten'in HANBĀGĀ O KUDASAI. Ten'in Sarimu Irasshaimase. Hanbāgā o kudasai. Ikutsu desu ka. Futatsu kudasai. Sorekara kōhii o hitotsu onegai-shimasu. Hai, wakarimashita. : Clerk : Salim KAIWA : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Sumimasen. Kamera wa nan-gai desu ka. 2-kai desu. 2-kai desu ne. Hai, sō desu. Sumimasen. Ano kamera o misete kudasai. Hai, dōzo. Ikura desu ka. 40,000-en desu. E? 40,000-en desu ka. Motto yasui no wa arimasu ka. Kore wa dō desu ka. 28,000-en desu. Ja, kore o kudasai. Arigatō gozaimasu. 4 PLEASE GIVE ME SOME HAMBURGERS. DIALOGUE [1] Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk [2] Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk Salim Clerk : : : : Can I help you? Please give me some hamburgers. How many? Two, please. And one coffee, please. : All right. : : : : : : : : : Excuse me. On what floor are the cameras? On the second floor. The second floor, is it? Yes, it is. Excuse me. Please show me that camera. Here you are. How much is this? 40,000 yen. What? 40,000 yen? Do you have anything cheaper? : How do you like this one? It's 28,000 yen. : Well, I'll take this one. : Thank you, sir. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa hanbāgā New Words and Expressions Dialogue hamburger -- o kudasai ten'in ikutsu futatsu sorekara hitotsu wakarimashita. nan-gai/nan-kai 2-kai (--desu) ne. ano misete kudasai E? motto yasui motto yasui no --wa arimasu ka. --wa dō desu ka. a particle indicating an object give me clerk how many two and then; in addition one All right. what floor 2nd floor a particle for confirmation that (noun) over there please show me an utterance of surprise more cheap cheaper one Do you have --? How about --?/How do you like --? Atarashii kotoba Renshū kyōshitsu heya kutsu nōto zubon rajio terebi enpitsu sukāto sētā shatsu New Words and Expressions Exercise classroom room shoes notebook trousers radio television pencil skirt sweater shirt kudamono mittsu yottsu itsutsu ringo sekken denchi kono sono chotto ōkii chiisai takai nagai mijikai orenji zenbu de Ii desu. fruit three four five apple soap battery this (noun) that (noun) a little big small expensive long short orange altogether It's good. Ikutsu [How many--?] 1 2 3 4 5 hitotsu futatsu mittsu yottsu 6 7 8 9 muttsu nanatsu yattsu kokonotsu tō itsutsu 10 Kazu [Numbers] 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 sen ni-sen san-zen yon-sen go-sen roku-sen nana-sen 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 ichi-man ni-man san-man yon-man go-man roku-man nana-man 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000 100,000,000 jū-man hyaku-man issen-man ichi-oku 8,000 9,000 hassen kyū-sen 80,000 90,000 hachi-man kyū-man Nan-gai / Nan-kai [What floor--?] R 10F 9F 8F 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F B1 okujō jikkai / jukkai kyū-kai hachi-kai / hakkai nana-kai rokkai go-kai yon-kai san-gai ni-kai ikkai chika ikkai B: basement R: roof Kaisetsu Notes ~wa nan-gai desu ka. 1. Jimusho wa nan-gai desu ka. [What floor is the office?] '--gai/kai' is a classifier for floors and is added after numerals. '1-kai' means the ground/first floor. Pronunciation changes to '-gai' after 'nan’ and '3'. These days, '-kai' is often heard in place of '-gai'. (S) ne. 2. 'ne’ added at the end of a sentence with the rising intonation is used to seek the listener's confirmation. 2-kai desu ne. [It's on the 2nd floor. Am I right?] N o kudasai. 3. Ringo o kudasai. [Please give me some apples.] ‘o’ is a particle that indicates that the preceding noun is the object you want. 'kudasai' literally means "Please give me." This expression is used when you want to buy something at a store, and also can be used when you order food in a restaurant. ikutsu hitotsu, jutatsu -How many? one, two.... 4. There are two kinds of counting numerals in Japanese. 'ichi, ni, san--' is the way of counting that is of Chinese origin. Here we learn the kind of Japanese origin, 'hitotsu, jutatsu, miitsu---'. This way of counting goes only up to ten. 'ikutsu’ is used to ask how many. A: Ringo o kudasai. B: Ikutsu desu ka. A: Mittsu kudasai. [Please give me some apples.] [How many?] [Give me three, please.] 5 . kono/sono/ano kono sono ano dono this (noun) that (noun) that (noun) over there which (noun) [ kore + ringo are + ringo kono ringo ano ringo [this apple] [that apple] Lesson 2] 'kono/sono/ano/dono' are demonstrative pronouns (like 'kore/sore/are/dore’) but are always followed by nouns. The relationships among the speaker, listener, and object involved in the conversation are the same as in the explanation of ' kore/sore/are’. okii no large one 6. 'okii' is an adjective, 'no’ after an adjective is used in place of the name of a thing, and corresponds to "one" in English. Motto ōkii no wa arimasu ka. [Do you have any larger ones?] Motto yasui no wa arimasu ka. [Do you have any cheaper ones?]. N wa do desu ka. 7. A shop clerk often recommends or suggests a product by saying 'kore wa dō desu ka.' If you agree, you can say 'Ii desu ne.' If you don't want to buy, you can say 'Sumimasen, chotto---'. Ja 8. 'ja' is uttered when the topic or the situation changes, or at the moment you make your own decision. Ja, kore o kudasai. [Well, I'll have this one.] RENSHŪ <1> (1) A: Sumimasen. Robii wa nan-gai desu ka. B: 1-kai desu. furonto / 2-kai kyōshitsu / 4-kai <2> jimusho / 3-gai Sarimu-san no heya / 6-kai A: Sumimasen. Tokei wa nan-gai desu ka. (1) B: 6-kai desu. A: 6-kai desu ne. B: Hai, sō desu. A: Arigatō gozaimasu. kutsu Depāto 7F 6F 5F 4F 3F 2F 1F B1 shokudō tokei, kamera rajio, terebi nōto, enpitsu sukāto, sētā shatsu, zubor kasa, kutsu kudamono nōto zubon <3> (1) Hanbāgā o kudasai. kōhii kore kore to kore (2) A: Ikutsu desu ka. B: Hitotsu kudasai. futatsu yottsu mittsu itsutsu (3) A: Hanbāgā o hitotsu kudasai. B: Hai, dōzo. futatsu yottsu mittsu itsutsu <4> (1) Kono kutsu wa ikura desu ka. kasa shatsu zubon (2) A: Sono sētā wa ikura desu ka. B: 3,000-en desu. sukāto / 5,000 kamera / 12,000 A: Kore wa do desu ka. tokei / 8,000 terebi / 69,000 (3) B: Chotto ōkii desu. Motto chiisai no wa arimasu ka. takai / yasui nagai / mijikai <5> A: Irasshaimase. B: Ringo o mittsu kudasai. (1) A: Hai. B: Sorekara orenji o futatsu kudasai. A: Hai. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Zenbu de 500-en desu. A: Sumimasen. B: Hai, dōzo. (2) A: Kore wa chotto chiisai desu. Motto ōkii no wa arimasu ka. B: Kore wa dō desu ka. A: Ii desu. Ja, kore o kudasai. Sore o misete kudasai. 5 ITSU NIHON E KIMASHITA KA. Tanaka Maria : Tanaka : Maria KAIWA Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka : : : : : : : : : : : : : Maria-san, konnichiwa. O-genki desu ka. Hai, genki desu. Maria-san wa itsu Nihon e kimashita ka. 5-gatsu 22-nichi ni kimashita. Maria-san no kenshū wa itsu kara desu ka. 7-gatsu tsuitachi kara desu. Itsu made desu ka. 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu. Sō desu ka. Nihon-go no kurasu wa? 5-gatsu 28-nichi kara 6-gatsu 29-nichi made desu. Sorekara 6-gatsu 30-nichi ni Hiroshima e ikimasu. Itsu kuni e kaerimasu ka. 12-gatsu 21-nichi ni kaerimasu. Sō desu ka. 5 Tanaka WHEN DID YOU COME TO JAPAN?. DIALOGUE : Hi, Maria. How are you? Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria : Fine, thank you. : Maria, when did you come to Japan? : I came here on the 22nd of May. When will your training course start? : It will start on the 1st of July. : Until when? : Until the 18th of December. : I see. How about the Japanese language class? : It will be from the 28th of May until the 29th of June. : Then I will go to Hiroshima on the 30th of June. : When will you go home? : I'm going home on the 21st of December. : I see. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa itsu Nihon kimashita (kimasu -* kuru) (0) genki desu ka. New Words and Expressions Dialogue when Japan came How are you? /Are you fine? Genki desu. --gatsu --nichi (22-nichi) ni kenshū Hiroshima kaerimasu (kaeru) I'm fine. month [classifier for months] day [classifier for days] on (the 22nd) training Hiroshima [a place name in Japan] to return; to go home Atarashii kotoba Renshū yūbinkyoku kōen hoteru sentā kinō kyō sūpā hon-ya taishikan kamera-ya New Words and Expressions Exercise post office park hotel centre yesterday today supermarket bookstore embassy camera shop ikimasen deshita ashita eiga hajimarimasu (hajimaru) owarimasu (owaru) Ogenki de. yotei Mekishiko didn't go tomorrow movie; film to begin to end Look after yourself plan; schedule Mexico Nan-gatsu [What month--?] 1 2 3 4 5 6 ichi-gatsu ni-gatsu san-gatsu 7 8 9 shichi-gatsu hachi-gatsu ku-gatsu jū-gatsu jūichi-gatsu jūni-gatsu shi-gatsu 10 go-gatsu 11 roku-gatsu 12 Nan-nichi [Which day--?] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 tsuitachi futsuka mikka yokka itsuka muika nanoka 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 jūichi-nichi jūni-nichi jūsan-nichi jūyokka jūgo-nichi jūroku-nichi jūshichi-nichi 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 nijū-ichi-nichi nijū-ni-nichi nijū-san-nichi nijū-yokka nijū-go-nichi nijū-roku-nichi nijū-shichi-nichi 8 9 10 yōka kokonoka tōka 18 19 20 jūhachi-nichi jūku-nichi hatsuka 28 29 30 31 nijū-hachi-nichi nijū-ku-nichi sanjū-nichi sanjū-ichi-nichi Kaisetsu Notes Verb masu-form Affirmative Negative 1. Non-past V-masu V-masen Past V-mashita V-masen deshita ikimasu [to go] 'V-masu’ shows that the verb is in the non-past, affirmative tense. This form is used when you express present action future action or habitual action. ikimasen [don't/doesn't go] ‘V-masen’ is the negative form of 'V-masu’ . ikimashita [went] 'V-mashita’ is the past, affirmative form of 'V-masu’ . ikimasen deshita [didn't go] 'V-masen deshita' is the past, negative form of 'V-masu’ . A question can be made by adding 'ka' at the end of the sentence. Ikimasu ka. [Are you going?/Does it go?] Ikimashita ka. [Did you go?/Did it go?] (place) e ikimasu 2. ‘e’ functions to indicate direction and roughly corresponds to the English "to". This particle is always used with verbs which imply movement from one place to another, such as 'ikimasu (to go)' 'kimasu (to come)', and 'kaerimasu (to return)'. Nihon e kimashita. [I came to Japan.] Kuni e kaerimasu. [I'll go back to my country.] (time) ni 3. The particle 'ni' has several functions. The particle 'ni' added after words of time, day and month, and also after the days of the week corresponds to English "at" or "on". Note that the words 'asa (morning)/hiru (noon)/yoru (evening)/kino/kyo/ashita’ do not take 'ni'. 9-ji ni hajimarimasu. [It begins at 9 o'clock.] 7gatsu ni kimashita. [I came here in July.] Ginko e ikimasu . [ I go to the bank.] RENSHŪ <1> (1) (2) (3) Ginkō e ikimasu. yūbinkyoku kōen Kuni e kaerimasu. heya hoteru Kinō Nihon e kimashita. koko sentā byōin sentā <2> (1)a A: Kyō ginkō e ikimasu ka. B: Hai, ikimasu. yūbinkyoku sūpā A: Kyō ginkō e ikimasu ka. B: Iie, ikimasen. yūbinkyoku sūpā A: Kinō sūpā e ikimashita ka. B: Hai, ikimashita. taishikan kamera-ya A: Kinō sūpā e ikimashita ka. B: Iie, ikimasen deshita. taishikan kamera-ya A: Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. B: Ginkō e ikimasu. hon-ya byōin hon-ya b hon-ya (2)a yūbinkyoku b yūbinkyoku (3) taishikan (4) A: Itsu Nihon e kimashita ka. B: 9-gatsu ni kimashita. 6-gatsu tsuitachi ni 4-gatsu 11-nichi ni (1) (2) (3) (4) kinō (5) <3> (1) (2) (3) Maria-san wa 5-gatsu 22-nichi ni Nihon e kimashita. Nihon-go no kurasu wa 5-gatsu 28-nichi kara 6-gatsu 29-nichi made desu. 6-gatsu 30-nichi ni Hiroshima e ikimasu. (4) (5) <4> (1) (2) Kenshū wa 7-gatsu tsuitachi kara 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu. 12-gatsu 21-nichi ni kuni e kaerimasu. Eiga wa 7-ji ni hajimarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 9-ji han Eiga wa 9-ji ni owarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 4-ji shigoto / 9-ji shigoto / 5-ji (3) A: Eiga wa nan-ji ni hajimarimasu ka. B: 7-ji ni hajimarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 9-ji han shigoto / 9-ji A: Eiga wa nan-ji ni owarimasu ka. B: 7-ji ni owarimasu. Nihon-go no kurasu / 4-ji (3) shigoto / 5-ji <3> A: Ashita doko e ikimasu ka. (1) B: Taishikan e ikimasu. A: Sō desu ka. Nan-ji ni kaerimasu ka. B: 5-ji ni kaerimasu. A: Tanaka-san, watashi wa ashita kuni e kaerimasu. B: A, sō desu ka. (2) Ogenki de. A: Hai, arigatō gozaimasu. Tanaka-san mo ogenki de <6> Maria-san no yotei Ashita desu ka. Watas hi w a 5-gats u 22-nichi ni N ihon e kimas hita. N ihon-go no kuras u w a 5-gats u 28-nichi kara 6-gats u 29n ichi made des u. 6 -gats u 30-nichi ni H iros hima e ikimas u. K ens hū w a 7-gats u ts uitachi kara 12-gats u 18-nichi made d es u. 1 2-gats u 21-nichi ni M ekis hiko e kaerimas u. 6 NANI O SHIMASU KA. Maria : Tanaka : Maria Tanaka KAIWA Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Tanaka : : : : : : : : : Tanaka-san wa nan-ji ni okimasu ka. 6-ji ni okimasu. Hayai desu ne. Nan-ji goro asa-gohan o tabemasu ka. 7-ji goro tabemasu. Maria-san wa nani o tabemasu ka. Watashi wa itsumo pan to tamago o tabemasu. Tanaka-san no o-shigoto wa nan-ji kara nan-ji made desu ka. 9-ji kara 5-ji made desu. Nichi-yōbi wa nani o shimasu ka. Maria : Tanaka Maria : : Asa wa sanpo o shimasu. Gogo wa tegami o kakimasu. Tokidoki Shinjuku de kaimono o shimasu. Yoru wa robii de tomodachi to hanashimasu. Tanaka-san wa yoru nani o shimasu ka. Kazoku to issho ni terebi o mimasu. Sorekara hon o yomimasu. Tokidoki ongaku o kikimasu. Maria-san wa nan-ji goro nemasu ka. Sō desu ne. 11-ji han goro nemasu. 6 Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Tanaka Maria WHAT DO YOU DO?. DIALOGUE : : : : : : : : : What time do you get up, Mr. Tanaka? I get up at six. It's early, isn't it? What time do you have breakfast? About 7 o'clock. What do you have for breakfast", Maria9 I always have bread and eggs. What are your office hours, Mr. Tanaka? From 9 to 5. What do you do on Sundays? I take a walk in the morning. In the afternoon, I write letters Sometimes I go shopping in Shinjuku. In the evening, I talk with my friends in the lobby. What do you do at night, Mr. Tanaka? I watch television with my family. And then I read books Sometimes I listen to music. What time do you go to bed, Maria? Well, I go to bed around half past 11. Tanaka Maria : : Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa nani shimasu (suru) okimasu (okiru) hayai -- goro asa-gohan tabemasu (taberu) itsumo pan nichi-yObi asa sanpo o shimasu (suru) tegami kakimasu (kaku) tokidoki (Shinjuku) de kaimono o shimasu (suru) yoru New Words and Expressions Dialogue what to do to get up early about (time) breakfast to eat always bread Sunday morning to take a walk letter to write sometimes at / in (Shinjuku) to do shopping night tomodachi (tomodachi) to hanashimasu (hanasu) kazoku issho ni mimasu (miru) yomimasu (yomu) ongaku kikimasu (kiku) nemasu (neru) Sō desu ne. friend with (friend) to speak; to talk family together with to see; to watch to read music to hear; to listen to go to bed Well, let me see. Atarashii kotoba Renshū nomimasu (nomu) shinbun hiru-gohan sentaku o shimasu (suru) benkyō o shimasu (suru) toshoshitsu hiru kin-yōbi do-yōbi Dizuniirando tenisu o shimasu (suru) uchi kyōkai pinpon kaimasu (kau) ban-gohan ichinichi shawā shawā o abimasu (abiru) New Words and Expressions Exercise to drink newspaper lunch to do washing to study library daytime Friday Saturday Disneyland to play tennis home; house church pingpong to buy dinner; supper a day shower to take a shower Nan-yōbi [What day of the week-- ?] nichi-yōbi getsu-yōbi ka-yōbi sui-yōbi moku-yōbi kin-yōbi do-yōbi Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Kaisetsu Notes N o V-masu Terebi o mimasu. [I watch television.] 1. The function of 'o' indicates that the preceding noun is the direct object of the verb. Heya de tegami o kakimasu . [ I write a letter in my room .] (place) de (N o) V-masu 2. The function of 'de’ indicates that the preceding noun is the place where an action occurs, 'de’ corresponds to English "at" or "in". (person) to issho ni V-masu. (person) to V-masu. 3. 'to' indicates that the preceding person is someone with whom the subject does something together. Wan-san to issho ni Ginza e ikimashita. [I went to Ginza with Mr. Wang.] 'issho ni' is often unmentioned when the situation is clear. Dare to Ginza e ikimashita ka. [With whom did you go to Ginza?] Wan-san to ikimashita. [I went there with Mr. Wang.] (S) ne Hayai desu ne. [Early, isn't it?] 4. 'ne' at the end of the sentence with a falling intonation implies a mild degree of surprise or admiration. Sō desu ne 5. 'Sō desu ne’ pronounced with slow speed implies that the speaker is seeking the right words to use. It corresponds to English "Well, let me see." RENSHŪ <1> (1) Terebi o mimasu. kōhii / nomimasu shinbun / yomimasu Nihon-go / hanashimasu A: Nani o shimasu ka. B: Tegami o kakimasu. hiru-gohan o tabemasu sentaku o shimasu ongaku o kikimasu (2) (3) Heya de benkyō o shimasu. kyōshitsu toshoshitsu sentā (4) A: Doko de terebi o mimasu ka. B: Heya de mimasu. hon / yomimasu tegami / kakimasu rajio / kikimasu (5) Kazoku to issho ni kaimono o shimasu. Satō-san / ongaku o kikimasu Wan-san / sanpo o shimasu tomodachi / bideo o mimasu <2> (1) Asa shinbun o yomimasu. hiru / sūpā e ikimasu yoru / tegami o kakimasu Kin-yōbi ni ginkō e ikimasu. do-yōbi / sentaku o shimasu nichi-yōbi / bideo o mimasu A: Itsu Dizuniirando e ikimasu ka. B: Do-yōbi ni ikimasu. nichi-yōbi ni ashita (2) (3) <3> (1) A: Ashita nani o shimasu ka. B: Ongaku o kikimasu. tegami / kakimasu tenisu / shimasu kaimono / shimasu (2) A: Nichi-yōbi ni nani o shimasu ka. B: Kōen e ikimasu. Akihabara kyōkai tomodachi no uchi (3) A: Ashita wa nichi-yōbi desu ne. Nani o shimasu ka B: Sentā de pinpon o shimasu. Shinjuku / eiga / mimasu Akihabara / kamera / kaimasu heya / hon / yomimasu <4> A: Nan-ji goro ban-gohan o tabemasu ka. (1) B: 7-ji goro tabemasu. A: Doko de tabemasu ka. B: Itsumo sentā no shokudō de tabemasu. A: Nichi-yōbi wa nani o shimasu ka. (2) B: Tenisu o shimasu. A: Dare to issho ni shimasu ka. B: Tomodachi to issho ni shimasu. <5> Tanaka-san no ichinichi Watashi wa itsumo 7-ji ni okimasu. Sorekara shinbun o yomimasu. Shigoto wa 9-ji kara 5-ji made desu. 6-ji han goro uchi e kaerimasu. Yoru wa kazoku to issho ni terebi o mimasu. Tokidoki hon o yomimasu. Sorekara shawā o abimasu. 11-ji goro nemasu. 5:00 6:30 kaerimasu shigoto 9:00 7:00 okimasu (shinbun) (terebi / hon) (shawā) 11:00 nemasu 7 YOKOHAMA E IKIMASEN KA. Satō Sentā : Sato : Centre KAIWA [1] Satō Sentā Satō Sentā Maria Satō Maria [2] Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Maria : Maria Moshimoshi. Kokusai Sentā desu. Mekishiko no Maria-san, onegai-shimasu. Hai, chotto omachi kudasai. Moshimoshi, Maria desu. Satō desu. Konnichiwa. Ā, Satō-san desu ka. Konnichiwa. Maria-san, ashita Yokohama e ikimasen ka. Ā, ii desu ne. Nan-ji desu ka. 9-ji wa dō desu ka. Sumimasen. 9-ji wa chotto··· Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. Ā, sō desu ka. Ja, 1-ji wa dō desu ka. Ii desu ne. Doko de aimashō ka. Sentā no robii wa dō desu ka. Hai, wakarimashita. Ja, 1-ji ni Sentā no robii de aimashō Ē. Ja, mata ashita. 7 [1] Sato Centre Sato Centre WONT YOU GO TO YOKOHAMA WITH ME? DIALOGUE Hello. Kokusai Centre. Ms. Maria from Mexico, please. Just a moment, please. : : : : Maria Sato Maria [2] Sato Maria Sato Maria Sato Maria Sato Maria Sato : : : Maria speaking. Hello. This is Ms. Sato. Hi. Oh, Ms. Sato. Hi. : : : : : : : : : Maria, won't you go to Yokohama tomorrow? Oh, that's nice! What time? How about 9 o'clock? No, I'm sorry--- A friend of mine will be coming at 9 o'clock. Oh, is that so? How about 1 o'clock?. That's good. Where shall we meet? How about the lobby of the Centre? All right. Well, let's meet in the lobby of the Centre at 1 o'clock. O.K. See you tomorrow. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa Yokohama ikimasen ka. Moshimoshi. Kokusai Sentā Chotto omachi kudasai machimasu (matsu) Ā Ā, ii desu ne. ii Sumimasen. -- wa chotto -- kara aimashō ka. (aimasu au) aimashō. Ē mata mata ashita. New Words and Expressions Dialogue Yokohama [a place name in Japan] Won't you go? Hello. International Centre Wait a moment, please. to wait oh; ah Oh, that's nice! nice; good I'm sorry. No, I'd rather not --because; as Shall we meet? Let's meet. Yes [colloquial] again See you tomorrow. Atarashii kotoba Renshū pātii dōshite isogashii repōto denwa-bangō nan-ban mō ichi-do yukkuri (o) denwa desu. Akiko mada pitii denwa-shimasu (denwa-suru) New Words and Expressions Exercise party why busy report telephone number what number once more slowly There is a telephone call for you. Akiko [a Japanese feminine name] not yet party to telephone Kaisetsu Notes V-masen ka 1. Kōhii o nomimasen ka. [Won't you have some coffee?] ‘V-masen ka’ is used when the speaker invites someone to do something together. It corresponds to English "Won't you--?" V-mashō. 2. ‘V-mashō’ is used when colleagues agree to do something together, and it corresponds to "Let's --" in English. V-mashō ka. 3. ‘V-mashō ka’ with an interrogative pronoun is used to discuss what to do together/where to meet/etc. (S) kara. 4. ‘kara’ added after the sentence indicates that the preceding sentence is the reason. Reason Tomodachi ga kimasu kara . [Because a friend of mine will be coming.] Doko de aimashō ka. [Where shall we meet?] Ikimashō. [Let's go.] {Tomodachi ga kimasu} kara. a friend of mine will be coming N wa dō desu ka. 5. 'dō desu ka’ is used when you suggest, for instance, when or where to meet, what to do. etc. If you agree with the suggestion, you say 'Ā, ii desu ne.' Sumimasen. Chotto··· 6. This is a mild expression of refusal that the suggestion or invitation doesn't suit the speaker's taste or convenience. RENSHŪ <1> (1)a A: Kōhii o nomimasen ka. B: Ii desu ne. pinpon o shimasu bideo o mimasu A: Kōhii o nomimasen ka. B: Sumimasen. Chotto ··· pinpon o shimasu bideo o mimasu kōen e ikimasu because 9-ji wa dō desu ka. [How about 9 o'clock?] b kōen e ikimasu <2> A: Itsu aimashō ka. (1) B: Kin-yōbi wa dō desu ka. A: Ii desu ne. ashita 11-nichi nichi-yōbi A: Doko de aimashō ka. (2) B: Hoteru no robii wa dō desu ka. A: Ii desu ne. furonto eki A: Nan-ji ni aimashō ka. (3) B: 10-ji wa dō desu ka. A: Sumimasen. 10-ji wa chotto ··· 4-ji 9-ji 12-ji han sentā <3> (1) A: Sarimu-san, kōhii o nomimasen ka. B: Ā, ii desu ne. Nomimashō. bideo o mimasu sanpo o shimasu ban-gohan o tabemasu <4> A: Kyō pātii e ikimasu ka. (1) B: Iie, ikimasen. A: Dōshite desu ka. B: Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. taishikan e ikimasu repōto o kakimasu <5> (1) Sentā no denwa-bangō wa 3 4 8 5 no 7 0 5 1 desu. 078-734-5176 098-876-6000 (2) Hoteru no denwa-bangō wa nan-ban desu ka. sentā jimusho taishikan <6> chotto isogashii desu A: Sumimasen. (1) Hoteru no denwa wa nan-ban desu ka. B: 974 no 3 9 0 7 desu. A: Sumimasen. Mō ichi-do yukkuri onegai-shimasu. B: 9•7•4 no 3 • 9 • 0 • 7 desu. A: Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita. A: Moshimoshi, Tanaka-san desu ka. (2) B: Hai, Tanaka desu. A: Maria desu. A: Moshimoshi, (3) Konnichiwa. Kokusai Hoteru desu ka. B: Iie, chigaimasu. A: Dōmo sumimasen. O*: Kenshu Senta desu. onegai shimasu. *O=operator A: Moshimoshi, Mekishiko no Maria Rohasu-san, O: Hai, chotto omachi kudasai. • • • (4) O: Moshimoshi, Maria-san, o-denwa desu. B: Hai, arigatō gozaimasu. ••• Moshimoshi, Maria desu. A: Moshimoshi, Satō desu. B: Moshimoshi, Mekishiko no Maria Rohasu desu. (5) Akiko-san, onegai-shimasu. A: Sumimasen. B: Sō desu ka. Akiko wa mada kaerimasen. Ja, mata denwa-shimasu. 7-ji goro kaerimasu. <6> A: Maria-san, do-yōbi ni tenisu o shimasen ka. B: Sumimasen. Do-yōbi wa chotto••• (1) Tomodachi no uchi e ikimasu kara. A: Ja, nichi-yōbi wa dō desu ka. B: Ii desu ne. 8 BYŌIN WA DOKO NI ARIMASU KA. Wan : Wang Maria : Maria KAIWA Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan Maria Wan : : : : : : : : : : : : : Maria-san, o-shigoto wa? Kangofu desu. Byōin wa doko ni arimasu ka. Mekishiko-shiti ni arimasu. Byōin ni kangofu-san ga nan-nin imasu ka. 300-nin gurai imasu. Ōkii byōin desu ne. Hai. Byōin no shashin ga arimasu. Kore desu. A, kirei desu ne. Atarashii byōin desu ka. Ē, atarashii desu. Koko wa kōen desu ka. Ē, sō desu. Totemo kirei desu. Hana ya ki ga takusan arimasu. Tori mo takusan imasu. Sō desu ka. Ii desu ne. 8 WHERE IS THE HOSPITAL? DIALOGUE Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang Maria Wang : : : : : : : : : : : : : Maria, what is your occupation? I'm a nurse. Where is your hospital? It's in Mexico City. How many nurses are there in your hospital? About 300. It's a big hospital, isn't it? Yes. I have a picture of the hospital. Here it is. Oh, it's beautiful. Is it a new hospital? Yes, it is. Is this a park? Yes. It's very beautiful. There are many flowers and Many birds, too. I see. How nice! Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa arimasu (aru) Mekishiko-shiti kangofu-san — ga nan-nin imasu (iru) New Words and Expressions Dialogue it is Mexico City nurse (polite form for referring to nurses) a particle indicating the preceding noun is the subject how many people there is/are 300 people about photo; picture beautiful! pretty', clean new very flower A and B and so on tree many 300-nin gurai shashin kirei (na) atarashii totemo hana A ya B ki takusan tori bird Nan-nin [How many people --?] 1 2 3 4 5 hitori futari san-nin yo-nin go-nin 6 7 8 9 10 roku-nin shichi-nin/nana-nin hachi-nin kyū-nin/ku-nin jū-nin Atarashii kotoba Renshū tsukue kōdinētā inu eakon Perū Kenia onna no hito otoko no hito -- dake ue kaban naka soba erebētā mae neko shita taipuraitā kodomo ushiro biru pasupōto medikaru kādo meishi setsumeisho mai -mainichi New Words and Expressions Exercise desk coordinator dog air conditioner Peru Kenya a woman . a man only on lover;above bag; briefcase inside near; beside elevator; lift before; in front of cat under typewriter child behind;back of building passport medical card name card instructions every -everyday Kaisetsu Notes Denwa ga arimasu. [There is a telephone.] Wan-san ga imasu. [There is Mr. Wang.] N ga arimasu imasu 1. (1) 'arimasu’ and 'imasu’ are verbs that express the existence of objects. meaning "there is/are". In the case of inanimate (insentient) things, 'arimasu’ is used, while living (sentient) things take 'imasu'. (2) 'ga’ is a particle that indicates that the preceding noun is the subject of the sentence. arimasu (place) ni N ga imasu 2. Asoko ni denwa ga arimasu. [There's a telephone there.] Robii ni Wan-san ga imasu. [There's Mr. Wang in the lobby.] 'ni' is a particle that indicates the location of an object. This sentence pattern states the fact that there is something/ someone (subject) at the mentioned place, and the subject has more significance than its location. arimasu N wa (place) ni imasu 3. Denwa wa asoko ni arimasu. [The telephone is there.] Wan-san wa robii ni imasu. [Mr. Wang is in the lobby.] This sentence pattern indicates that the location of the topic is more important than the topic itself. (person) wa N ga arimasu/imasu. 4. Watashi wa kuruma ga arimasu. [I have a car.] Watashi wa kodomo ga imasu/arimasu. [I have a child/children.] This sentence pattern is used to express the possession of a thing/things or family members. In the case of family members, both 'arimasu’ and 'imasu’ are used. (place) de (activity) ga arimasu. 5. Sentā de pātii ga arimasu. [There's going to be a party at the Centre.] ‘arimasu’ in this sentence means that activities such as parties, meetings, concerts and other gatherings are held. RENSHŪ <1> (1) Asoko ni denwa ga arimasu. jimusho (2) terebi tsukue Asoko ni kenshūin ga imasu. kodineta sensei inu <2> (1) A: Heya ni denwa ga arimasu ka. B: Hai, arimasu. terebi eakon tokei (2) A: Sentā ni Perū no kenshūin ga imasu ka. B: Hai, arimasu. Indoneshia Kenia Mekishiko (3) A: Kyōshitsu ni onna no hito ga imasu ka. B: Iie, imasen. Otoko no hito dake desu. otoko no hito / onna no hito sensei / kenshūin A: Ginza ni depāto ga ikutsu arimasu ka. B: Itsutsu arimasu. mittsu yottsu takusan <3> (1) (2) A: Sentā ni Mekishiko no kenshūin ga nan-nin imasu ka. B: 6-nin imasu. Ejiputo / 4-nin Tai / 10-nin gurai Chūgoku / futari <4> (1) (2) Shinbun wa asoko ni arimasu. robii heya tsukue no ue denwa no soba kaban no naka erebētā no mae Sarimu-san wa robii ni imasu. <5> (1) A: Sentā ni nani ga arimasu ka. B: Toshoshitsu ya shokudō ga arimasu. heya / tsukue ya terebi (2) tsukue no ue / hon ya nōto A: Denwa wa doko ni arimasu ka. B: Asoko ni arimasu. shinbun / robii kagi / tsukue no naka (3) A: Sarimu-san wa doko ni imasu ka. B: Heya ni imasu. Tanaka-san / jimusho neko / tsukue no shita <6> (1) A: Tsukue no shita ni nani ga arimasu ka. B: Kaban ga arimasu. tsukue no ue / taipuraitā to denwa kodomo no ushiro / terebi (2) A: Depāto wa doko ni arimasu ka. B: Eki no mae ni arimasu. kōen / byōin no soba hon-ya / biru no naka <7> (1) Watashi wa kodomo ga hitori imasu. (2) A: Sumimasen. B: Hai, arimasu. medikaru kādo Pasupōto wa arimasu ka. meishi setsumeisho <8> Watashi wa kangofu desu. Watashi no byōin wa Mekishiko-shiti ni arimasu. Byōin ni kangofu ga 300-nin gurai imasu. Atarashii byōin desu. Byōin no soba ni kōen ga arimasu. Koen ni ki ya hana ga takusan arimasu. Tori mo takusan imasu. Watashi wa mainichi kōen de sanpo o shimasu. 9 ONGAKU GA SUKI DESU. Maria : Maria Satō : Sato KAIWA Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Konnichiwa. Ā, Maria-san. Konnichiwa. Tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu. Kore, purezento desu. Dōzo. Dōmo arigatō gozaimasu. Ongaku no tēpu ga takusan arimasu ne. Hai. Donna ongaku ga suki desu ka. Kurashikku ga suki desu. Sō desu ka. Watashi mo kurashikku ga suki desu. Onaka ga sukimashita ne. Sō desu ne. Kyō wa tenpura o tsukurimasu. Watashi mo issho ni tsukuritai desu. Ja, issho ni tsukurimashō. Sā, dōzo. Itadakimasu. Maria san wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu ka. Hai, dekimasu. Totemo oishii desu ne. Motto ikaga desu ka. Iie, mō kekkō desu. Gochisōsama deshita. 9 WONT YOU GO TO YOKOHAMA WITH ME? DIALOGUE Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō : : : : : : : : : : : : Hello. Oh. Maria. Hi. Happy birthday. This is a present for you. Oh, thank you very much You have lots of music tapes, don't you? Yes. What kind of music do you like? I like classical music. Do you? I like classical music, too. I'm hungry. Aren't you? Yes, I am. I will make tempura today. Maria Satō Satō Maria Satō Maria Satō Maria : : : : : : : : I'd like to join you. Would you? Then let's cook together. Please help yourself. Thank you. Can you use chopsticks, Maria? Yes, I can. This is so good. Won't you have some more? No more, thank you. Thank you very much for the good meal. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa suki (na) tanjōbi omedetō gozaimasu purezento tēpu donna kurashikku Onaka ga sukimashita. tsukurimasu (tsukuru) tsukuritai desu (tsukurimasu tsukuru) Sā, dōzo. Itadakimasu. hashi tsukaimasu (tsukau) New Words and Expressions Dialogue favorite ; liked birthday congratulations present;gift tape what kind of classical music I'm hungry. to make want to make Please start./Please help yourself. set expression used before having a meal. chopsticks to use tsukau koto ga dekimasu (dekiru) dekimasu (dekiru) motto ikaga desu ka. Iie, mō kekkō desu. Gochisōsama deshita. be able to/can use can How about some more? No more, thank you. Thank you (for the good food). Atarashii kotoba Renshū supōtsu dansu uta sakkā jōzu (na) Ei-go taipu Supein-go Furansu-go kuruma unten katakana hiragana kanji naraimasu (narau) oboemasu (oboeru) agemasu (ageru) moraimasu (morau) (o) miyage soshite New Words and Expressions Exercise sports dance song soccer be good at English language typing;typewriter Spanish language French language car driving katakana hiragana kanji;Chinese characters to learn to memorized to learn to give to be given; to receive souvenir and Kaisetsu Notes (Person) wa N ga jōzu/suki desu. 1. Wan-san wa uta ga jōzu/suki desu. [Mr. Wang is good at singing./ — likes to sing.] Note that 'suki' is not a verb as in English but rather belongs to the category of the na-adjective in Japanese. Negative sentences are made by changing 'desu’ into' ja arimasen.' Watashi wa uta ga jōzu ja arimasen. [I am not good at singing.] V-mashō. 2. Hiroshima e ikitai desu. [I'd like to go to Hiroshima.] The tai-form of a verb is used to express desire, and it is made by replacing 'masu’ of 'V-masu' with 'tai'. tabemasu Conjugation Affirmative Negative N o V-masu tabe + tai tabetai Past V-takatta desu V-taku nakatta desu Ikimashō. [Let's go.] Non-past V-tai desu V-taku nai desu N ga V-tai desu Grammatically speaking, the 'o’ after the noun has to be changed into 'ga’ , but these days, the particle 'o’ is often kept without change. Bideo o mitai desu. [I'd like to watch the video.] 3 . The "dictionary form" of verbs: (1) The verbs in a dictionary are given not in the masu-form, but in the dictionary form. (2) The dictionary forms are often used in 'plain style' conversation. For instance, 'Terebi, miru?' instead of saying 'Terebi o mimasu ka.' Remember that the masu-form is polite enough for almost any occasions while the 'plain style' conversation is used only among close friends. (3) Verbs are classified into three groups : godan-verbs, ichidan-verbs, and irregular verbs. ☆Godan-verbs (drop 'imasu'+u) arimasu --a + u kakimasu --kak + u ☆lchidan-verbs (drop 'masu and mimasu --mi + ru ☆lrregular verbs : au kaku add 'ru’ .) miru (to meet) (to write) (to see/watch) (to come) (to do) kimasu ki ku + ru kuru shimasu shi su + ru suru Godan-verbs kaimasu ikimasu kikimasu isogimasu hanashimasu machimasu nomimasu yomimasu kaerimasu owarimasu kau iku kiku isogu hanasu matsu nomu yomu kaeru owaru buy go listen hurry talk wait drink read return finish Ichidan-verbs imasu iru be okimasu okiru get up mimasu miru watch dekimasu dekiru can abimasu abiru take a shower nemasu neru sleep tabemasu taberu eat misemasu miseru show oboemasu oboeru memorize N (person) wa ~V (diet, f.) koto 4. 'dekimasu' is used to express ability or possibility. Watashi wa taipu ga dekimasu. [I can type.] Watashi wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu. [I can use chopsticks.] ga dekimasu. 'koto’ functions to change the preceding phrase into a noun phrase. RENSHŪ <1> (1) Watashi wa supōtsu ga suki desu. kōhii (2)a kudamono eiga A: Wan-san wa dansu ga suki desu ka. B: Hai, suki desu. ongaku uta supōtsu A: Wan-san wa dansu ga suki desu ka. B: Iie, suki ja arimasen. ongaku uta supōtsu A: Sarimu-san wa supōtsu ga suki desu ka. b (3) B: Hai, suki desu. A: Donna supōtsu ga suki desu ka. B: Sakkā ga suki desu. ongaku / kurashikku kudamono / ringo <2> (1) A: Maria-san wa uta ga jōzu desu ne. B: Iie, jōzu ja arimasen. tenisu dansu ryōri <3> (1) A: Satō-san wa Ei-go ga dekimasu ka. B: Hai, dekimasu. taipu tenisu Supein-go (2) A: Maria-san wa Furansu-go ga dekimasu ka. B: Iie, dekimasen. taipu tenisu kuruma no unten (3) A: Maria-san wa hashi o tsukau koto ga dekimasu ka. B: Hai, dekimasu. katakana/yomimasu Nihon-go/hanashimasu hiragana/kakimasu <4> (1) Fuji-san e ikitai desu. kazoku ni aimasu tomodachi to hanashimasu kuni e kaerimasu (2) A: Nihon de nani ga shitai desu ka. B: Kanji ga naraitai desu. Nihon no uta o oboemasu Kyōto e ikimasu Nihon-go no benkyō o shimasu Maria-san wa Satō-san ni purezento o agemashita. Satō-san wa Maria-san ni purezento o moraimashita omiyage hana <5> (1) (2) <6> Kyō wa Satō-san no tanjōbi desu. Watashi wa Satō-san no uchi e ikimashita. Satō-san wa kurashikku ga suki desu. Soshite ryōri ga jōzu desu. Watashi wa Nihon no ryōri ga naraitai desu. 10 DONNA TOKORO DESU KA. Tanaka Sarimu : Tanaka : Salim KAIWA Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu : : : : Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka Sarimu Tanaka : : : : : Sarimu-san wa Bandon desu ne. Bandon wa atsui desu ka. lie, amari atsuku nai desu. Bandon wa donna tokoro desu ka. Shizuka na tokoro desu yo. Soshite totemo kirei na machi desu. Ki ga takusan arimasu. Yūmei na daigaku mo arimasu. Sō desu ka. Tōkyō wa dō desu ka. Omoshiroi desu ne. Takai biru ya kirei na mise ga takusan arimasu. Soshite hito ya kuruma ga totemo ōi desu ne. Demo bukka ga takai desu ne. Sō desu ne. Bandon wa dō desu ka. Tabemono ya yōfuku ga totemo yasui desu. Ā, sō desu ka. 10 Tanaka : WHAT KIND OF PLACE IS IT? DIALOGUE You are from Bandung, aren't you? Is it hot in Bandung? Salim Tanaka Salim : : : No, it's not so hot. What is Bandung like? It's a quiet place. It's a very beautiful town. There are many trees. There are some famous universities, too. Tanaka Salim Tanaka Salim Tanaka : : : : : Is that so? What do you think of Tokyo? It's interesting. There are many tall buildings and beautiful shops. And there are so many people and so much traffic. But prices are high, aren't they? Yes, that's right. What about Bandung? Oh, food and clothing are very cheap there. I see. Bandon Tōkyō Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa tokoro atsui amari --nai desu shizuka (na) machi yūmei (na) daigaku --wa dō desu ka. omoshiroi takai mise hito ōi demo bukka Sō desu ne. New Words and Expressions Dialogue place hot not so -quiet town ; community famous college; university How/What do you think of--? interesting high ; tall shop ; store a person much ; many but prices ; cost of living I agree./ I think so, too. tabemono yōfuku food clothing Atarashii kotoba Renshū yasashii muzukashii shinsetsu (na) hansamu (na) benri (na) setsubi sutaffu nigiyaka (na) Okinawa uml kami gaikoku-jin iroiro (na) New Words and Expressions Exercise easy difficult kind handsome convenient facilities staff lively; busy Okinawa [a place name in Japan] sea hair foreigner various i-keiyōshi [i-adjectives] na-keiyōshi [na-adjectives] atsui i samui tsumetai ōkii chiisai takai yasui ōi sukunai yasashii muzukashii atarashii furui shiroi kuroi akai aoi ii warui oishii mazui omoshiroi tsumaranai urusai takai hikui nagai mijikai isogashii hot cold cold big small expensive cheap much/many a little/a few easy difficult new old white black red blue good bad tasty not tasty interesting/funny boring noisy high/tall low/short long short busy genki kirei hansamu suki kirai jōzu heta shizuka nigiyaka shinsetsu yūmei benri fuben iroiro good health beautiful/clean handsome favorite/liked disliked be good at be bad at quiet lively kind famous convenient inconvenient various Kaisetsu Notes i-adj. N wa na-adj. 1. desu. Kono kamera wa yasui desu. [This camera is cheap.] Maria-san wa shinsetsu desu. [Maria is kind.] There are two kinds of adjectives, the ‘i-adjectives' and the 'na-adjectives'. In most cases, those that end with the V sound are t-adjectives, although there are some exceptions like ‘kirei' which belong to the rca-adjective category. Both adjectives are used as the predicates of sentences and as the modifiers of following nouns. i-adj. N na-adj. na 2. oishii ringo [a delicious apple] shinsetsu na hito [a kind person] In Japanese, both kinds of adjectives always come before their modifying nouns. The difference between the i-adj. and the na-adj. is that the i-adj. uses the same form to modify a noun, while the na-adj. takes 'na’ between the adjective and the noun. yasui sētā. Kore wa yasui sētā desu. [a cheap sweater] [This is a cheap sweater.] kirei na sētā Kore wa kirei na sētā desu. [a pretty sweater] [This is a pretty sweater.] nai desu. i-adj.ku arimasen. 3. Kono kamera wa yasui desu. [This camera is cheap.] Maria-san wa shinsetsu desu. [Maria is kind.] There are two negative forms. The nai-form is widely used in informal 'plain style' speech. The negative forms are made as follows : (Drop ‘i’ and add 'ku + nai desu/arimasen') takai takai taka + taka + ku + ku + nai desu arimasen takaku nai desu takaku arimasen The i-adjective 'ii' ("good") has a more formal form 'yoi' which is always used to make the negative, as follows: yoi yo + ku + nai desu yoku nai desu nai desu. i-adj.ja yoi 4. arimasen. yo + ku + Kore wa kirei ja nai desu. [This is not clean/pretty.] Kore wa kirei ja arimasen. arimasen yoku arimasen [This is not clean/pretty.] The negative form of the na-adjective is made by replacing 'desu’ with its negative form 'ja arimasen’ or 'ja nai desu.'. N wa dō desu ka. 5. 'dō’ in this case is an interrogative pronoun to ask for someone's impression. Q: Hoteru wa dō desu ka. A: Totemo ii desu. Donna N desu ka. 6. 'donna’ is an interrogative pronoun to ask the state of an object. For example, the answer to the question 'Donna hon desu ka' could be "a detective story" or "a small, thin book". [What do you think of the hotel?] Nihon-go no kurasu wa dō desu ka. [How do you like the Japanese language class?] [It's very good.] Bandon wa donna tokoro desu ka. [What kind of place is Bandung?] Q: Donna hana desu ka. [What kind of flower is it?] A: Chiisai hana desu. [It's a small flower.] Q: Donna hito desu ka. [What kind of person is he?] A: Shinsetsu na hito desu. [He's a kind person.] Ni wa N2 ga adj. desu. 7. This sentence pattern is used to give an idea about N1 by describing the state of N2 (a subsidiary of the subject). Ginza wa hito ga ōi desu. [Ginza is crowded with people.] RENSHŪ <1> (1) Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu. yasashii (2) muzukashii takai Furonto no hito wa shinsetsu desu. hansamu kirei genki (3)a A: Hoteru wa ōkii desu ka. B: Hai, ōkii desu. atarashii yasui A: Hoteru wa ōkii desu ka. B: Iie, ōkiku nai desu. atarashii yasui A: Hoteru wa benri desu ka. B: Hai, benri desu. kirei shizuka A: Hoteru wa benri desu ka. B: Iie, benri ja arimasen. kirei shizuka A: Kenshū wa dō desu ka. B: Omoshiroi desu. ii muzukashii isogashii yumei yumei ii ii b (4)a b (5) (6) A: Heya wa dō desu ka. B: Kirei desu. ryōri / oishii setsubi / ii sutaffu / shinsetsu <2> (1) Kore wa atarashii kuruma desu. ii takai ōkii (2) Tōkyō wa kirei na tokoro desu. nigiyaka yumei benri (3) A: Bandon wa donna machi desu. B: Shizuka na machi desu. kirei ii omoshiroi <3> (1) Tōkyō wa hito ga ōi desu. Nihon / bukka / takai Okinawa / umi / kirei Satō-san / kami / nagai <4> A: Sarimu-san, Nihon-go no benkyō wa do desu ka. (1) B: Omoshiroi desu. A: Sō desu ka. Demo chotto muzukashii desu ne. A: Maria-san, sentā wa dō desu ka. (2) B: Totemo kirei desu. A: Sore wa ii desu ne. <5> Bandon wa shizuka na tokoro desu. Ki ga takusan arimasu. Soshite totemo kirei desu. Gaikoku jin ga Hoteru ya iroiro na mise ga arimasu. takusan imasu. Soshite benri desu. Nihon no resutoran mo arimasu. Bandon wa tabemono ya yōfuku ga totemo yasui desu. Indoneshia wa totemo atsui kuni desu. amari atsuku nai desu. Demo Bandon wa 11 KYŌTO WA DŌ DESHITA KA. Tanaka Maria : Tanaka : Maria KAIWA Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria : : : : : : : : : : : : Maria-san, senshū no nichi-yōbi wa nani o shimashita ka. Tomodachi to issho ni Kyōto e ikimashita. Kyōto desu ka. Kyōto wa dō deshita ka. Totemo kirei deshita. Furui o-tera o takusan mimashita. Shashin o torimashita ka. Ē, takusan torimashita. Ehagaki mo kaimashita. Sō desu ka. Tenki wa dō deshita ka. Asa wa sukoshi ame ga furimashita ga, gogo wa totemo ii tenki deshita. Sore wa yokatta desu ne. Tsukaremashita ka. Ē, ichinichi-jū arukimashita kara sukoshi tsukaremashita. Demo totemo tanoshikatta desu. Sō desu ka. Yokatta desu ne. Ē. Mō ichi do ikitai desu. 11 Tanaka Sentā Tanaka Sentā Tanaka Satō Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria Tanaka Maria HOW DID YOU LIKE KYOTO? DIALOGUE : : : : : : : : : : : : Maria, what did you do last Sunday? I went to Kyoto with my friend. Oh, you went to Kyoto! How did you like Kyoto7 Very beautiful. We visited many old temples. Did you take pictures? Yes, I took many pictures. I bought picture postcards, too. I see. How was the weather? It rained a little in the morning, but it was very fine in the afternoon. That's good. Did you get tired? Yes. We walked all day long and we became a little tired. But we enjoyed the trip very much. Really? How nice! I'd like to go there once more. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa --deshita senshū furui (o) tera shashin o torimasu (toru) ehagaki tenki sukoshi ame furimasu (furu) (--deshita) ga, yokatta (ii) tsukaremasu (tsukareru) ichinichi-jū arukimasu (aruku) tanoshikatta (tanoshii) New Words and Expressions Dialogue was/were last week old Buddhist temples to take pictures picture postcard weather a little ; a few rain to rain ; to snow but was good to get tired all day long to walk was fun/enjoyable Atarashii kotoba Renshū yuki kumori ryokō New Words and Expressions Exercise snow cloudy trip kengaku jisshū kikai hima (na) jūsu biiru watashitachi observation practical experience on a job/site machine not busy ; free juice beer we Hi day kinō yesterday kyō today ashita tomorrow Shū week senshū last week konshū this week raishū next week Tsuki month sengetsu last month kongetsu this month raigetsu next month Toshi year kyonen last year kotoshi this year rainen next year Kaisetsu 1. Noun & na-adjectives Affirmative Negative Non-past - -desu --ja arimasen --ja nai desu Notes Past --deshita --ja arimasen deshita --ja nakatta desu ame = Noun non-past affirmative kyō wa ame desu. [It's raining today.] [It isn't raining today.] non-past negative Kyō wa ame ja arimasen. (Kyō wa ame ja nai desu.) (1) past affirmative Kinō wa ame deshita. [It was raining yesterday.] past negative Kinō wa ame ja arimasen deshita. [It wasn't raining yesterday.] (Kinō wa ame ja nakatta desu.) shizuka = na-adj. non-past affirmative Sentā wa shizuka desu. [The centre is quiet.] [The centre is not quiet.] non-past negative Sentā wa shizuka ja arimasen. (Sentā wa shizuka ja nai desu.) (2) past affirmative Sentā wa shizuka deshita. [The centre was quiet.] past negative Sentā wa shizuka ja arimasen desita. [The centre wasn't quiet.] (Sentā wa shizuka ja nakatta desu.) 2 . i-adjectives Non-past Affirmative Negative --i desu --ku arimasen --ku nai desu yasashii + katta desu yasashiku nai + katta desu Past --katta desu --ku arimasen deshita --ku nakatta desu The past tense of the z-adjectives is made as follows. yasashikatta desu yasashiku nakatta desu yasashiku arimasen deshita yasashiku arimasen + deshita (Conjugation table of i-adjectives) Non-past Affirmative Negative atsui desu samui desu takai desu yasui desu furui desu ii desu atsuku nai desu samuku nai desu takaku nai desu yasuku nai desu furuku nai desu yoku nai desu Past Affirmative atsukatta desu samukatta desu takakatta desu yasukatta desu furukatta desu yokatta desu Negative atsuku nakatta desu samuku nakatta desu takaku nakatta desu yasuku nakatta desu furuku nakatta desu yoku nakatta desu S1 ga, S2 3. (S = sentence) Hoteru wa kirei desu ga, chiisai desu. [The hotel is clean but small.] 'ga’ added after a sentence is a conjunction meaning "but". Note that the conjunction comes after the first sentence, not at the head of the following phrase/sentence as in English. Ei-go wa wakarimasu ga, Supein-go wa wakarimasen. [I can understand English, but I can't understand Spanish.] RENSHŪ <1> (1) Kinō wa ii tenki deshita. ame (2)a yuki kumori A: Do-yōbi wa ame deshita ka. B: Hai, ame deshita. yuki ii tenki kumori b A: Do-yōbi wa ame deshita ka. B: Iie, ame ja arimasen deshita. yuki ii tenki (3)a kumori A: Ryōri wa oishikatta desu ka. B: Hai, oishikatta desu. ryokō / omoshirokatta jisshū / yokatta A: Ryōri wa oishikatta desu ka. B: Iie, oishiku nakatta desu. ryokō / omoshirokatta jisshū / yokatta A: Machi wa kirei deshita ka. B: Hai, kirei deshita. nigiyaka shizuka A: Machi wa kirei deshita ka. B: Iie, kirei ja arimasen deshita. nigiyaka shizuka A: Kyōto wa dō deshita ka. B: Omoshirokatta desu. ii kirei shizuka kengaku / tanoshikatta kengaku / tanoshikatta b (4)a b (5) <2> (1) Kono heya wa kirei desu ga, chiisai desu. Kono kikai wa benri desu / takai desu Nihon-go wa omoshiroi desu / chotto muzukashii desu Kono ryōri wa takai desu / oishii desu (2) Do-yōbi wa isogashii desu ga, nichi-yōbi wa hima desu. Ei-go wa wakarimasu / Supein-go wa wakarimasen Jūsu wa arimasu / biiru wa arimasen Kudamono wa suki desu / yasai wa suki ja arimasen <3> Senshū watashi wa tomodachi to Kyōto e ikimashita. Kyōto wa totemo kirei deshita. Furui o-tera e ikimashita. O-tera wa shizuka deshita. Ehagaki mo kaimashita. tabemashita. Shashin o takusan torimashita. Sorekara Kyōto no ryōri mo Asa wa sukoshi ame ga furimashita ga, gogo wa totemo ii tenki deshita. Watashitachi wa ichinichi-jū arukimashita kara sukoshi tsukaremashita. ikitai desu. Demo totemo tanoshikatta desu. Watashi wa mō ichi-do Kyōto e 12 OSHIETE KUDASAI. Sarimu Furonto Eki'in : Salim : Front desk : Station attendant KAIWA [1] Sarimu Furonto Sarimu Furonto Sarimu Furonto Sarimu [2] Sarimu Eki'in Sarimu Eki'in Sarimu : : : : : : : : : : : : Sumimasen. Chotto oshiete kudasai. Ueno Dōbutsuen made dō yatte ikimasu ka. Chikatetsu de Shinjuku e ikimasu. Sorekara Shinjuku de JR ni norikaemasu. Soshite Ueno de orimasu. Hai, wakarimashita. Shinjuku kara Ueno made. dono gurai desu ka. 20-pun gurai desu. Eki kara Dōbutsuen made chikai desu ka. Ē, chikai desu yo. Aruite 10-pun gurai desu. Ueno-eki de kiite kudasai. Hai, wakarimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita. Anō, sumimasen. Hai, nan desu ka. Dōbutsuen wa doko desu ka. Soko o massugu itte kudasai. Koko kara 10-pun gurai desu. Hai. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita. 12 [1] Salim Front Salim Front Salim Front Salim [2] Salim S.A. Salim S.A. Salim PLEASE TELL ME. DIALOGUE : : : : : : : : : : : : Excuse me. Could you tell me how to go to the Ueno Zoo? Please go to Shinjuku by subway. Then transfer to the JR at Shinjuku and then get off at Ueno. All right. How long will it take to go to Ueno from Shinjuku? About 20 minutes. Is the zoo close to the station? Yes. it is. It's about 10 minutes on foot. Please ask the way at the station. All right. Thank you very much. Uh. excuse me. Yes. What can I do for you? How can I get to the zoo? Please go straight ahead there. It will take about 10 minutes. O.K. Thank you very much. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa oshiete kudasai (oshiemasu oshieru) Ueno dōbutsuen dō yatte chikatetsu (chikatetsu) de JR — ni (norikaemasu) norikaemasu (norikaeru) orimasu (oriru) dono gurai chikai aruite (arukimasu aruku) kiite kudasai (kikimasu kiku) -- o massugu New Words and Expressions Dialogue please teach ; please tell Ueno [a place name in Tokyo) zoo how subway by (subway) Japan Railways (to change trains) to to change trains to get off how long near ; close to on foot please ask a particle indicating location along which motion takes place straight ahead Atarashii kotoba Renshū jūsho chizu New Words and Expressions Exercise address map kashimasu (kasu) airon motte kimasu (motte kuru) mado shimemasu (shimeru) akemasu (akeru) denki tsukemasu (tsukeru) michi hidari (hidarj) ni magarimasu (magaru) basu norimasu (noru) shinkansen Narita hikōki densha takushii kūkō --jikan tori migi kantan (na) oshimasu (osu) shingō to lend iron to bring ; to fetch window to close to open electricity; light to turn on road left to (the left) to turn bus to get on bullet train Narita [a place name in Japan] airplane train taxi airport hours street right simple ; easy to push traffic light Nan-jikan [How many hours 1 2 3 4 5 ichi-jikan ni-jikan san-jikan yo-jikan go-jikan 6 7 8 9 10 ?] roku-jikan shichi-jikan/nana-jikan hachi-jikan ku-jikan jū-jikan Kaisetsu Notes V-te kudasai. 1. Mado o akete kudasai. [ Please open the window.] Te-form of verbs : the three groups of verbs were introduced in Lesson 9, where the dictionary form was introduced. The te-form is used in many ways with supplementary words, for instance. ‘Verb-te kudasai' is used to express a request ; 'Verb-te imasu’ ( Lesson 13) is used to express conditions or states. 2 . The te-form of verbs are made as follows : ☆Godan-verbs : kaimasu machimasu norimasu kakimasu isogimasu yobimasu shinimasu/ nomimasu kashimasu ikimasu mimasu okimasu tabemasu akemasu ka ma no ka iso yo shi no kash i i mi oki tabe ake ki shi + tte + tte + tte + ite + ide + nde + nde + nde + te katte matte notte kaite isoide yonde shinde nonde kashite itte add 'te’ .) mite okite tabete akete kite shite (to buy) (to wait) (to get on) (to write) (to hurry) (to call) (to die) (to drink) (to lend) (to go) (to see) (to get up) (to eat) (to open) (to come) (to do) + tte + + + + te te te te ☆lchidan-verbs (drop 'masu’ and ☆lrregular verbs : kimasu shimasu + te + te N de V-masu. 3. Densha de ikimasu. [I'll go by train.] The particle 'de’ has a function to indicate that the preceding noun is the tool or method used in performing the action indicated by the verb in a sentence. (Note that another function of 'de' is to indicate the place where an action takes place) Enpitsu de kaite kudasai. [Please write with a pencil.] Ei-go de hanashite kudasai. [Please speak in English.] Kūkō made dō yatte ikimasu ka. [How do I go to the airport?] dō yatte 4. This is an interrogative to ask "how". Dō yatte tsukaimasu ka. [How do I use this?] Dō yatte tabemasu ka. [How do I eat it?] dono gurai 5. 'dono gurai' is an interrogative to ask "How long", "How far". Tōkyō kara Yokohama made dono gurai desu ka. [How far is it from Tokyo to Yokohama?] Kūkō made dono gurai desu ka. [ How long will it take to get to the airport ?] RENSHŪ <1> (1) Namae o kaite kudasai. jūsho (2) chizu denwa-bangō Jisho o kashite kudasai. enpitsu bideo airon (3) Koko e kite kudasai. jimusho furonto robii (4) Pasupōto o motte kite kudasai. chizu kamera medikaru kādo <2> (1) Sumimasen. Denwa-bangō o oshiete kudasai. mado o shimemasu Tanaka-san ni kikimasu furonto e kimasu chizu o kakimasu (2) A: Sumimasen. Mado o akete kudasai. B: Hai. denki o tsukemasu jimusho e ikimasu A: Sumimasen. kono kanji o yomimasu chotto machimasu (3) Dōbutsuen made dō yatte ikimasu ka. B: Kono michi o massugu itte kudasai. Asoko o hidari ni magarimasu 4-ban no basu ni norimasu Shinjuku de JR ni norikaemasu <3> (1) Tōkyō-eki de orimasu. norimasu (2) norikaemasu Tokyō-eki de shinkansen ni norimasu. Shinjuku / JR Narita / hikōki koko / basu (3) Jimusho made densha de ikimasu. chikatetsu de takushii de basu de aruite (4) A: Kūkō made nan de ikimasu ka. B: Basu de ikimasu. densha takushii densha to basu (5) A: Koko kara kūkō made dono gurai desu ka. B: Densha de 30-pun desu. 45-fun 1 –jikan 1 –jikan han <4> A: Sumimasen. Sakura Depāto wa doko desu ka. B: Kono tōri o massugu itte kudasai. (1) Koko kara 3-pun gurai desu. Depāto wa migi ni arimasu. A: Wakarimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita. A: Sumimasen. B: Ē, ii desu yo. (2) Kore wa dō yatte tsukaimasu ka. Kantan desu. Oshiete kudasai. Koko o oshite kudasai. Sorekara koko o oshite kudasai. A: A, wakarimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita. <5> Kyō wa Kokusai Hoteru e ikimashita. Michi ga wakarimasen deshita kara Nihon-jin ni kikimashita. A: Kokusai Hoteru wa doko desu ka. B: Kono tōri o massugu itte kudasai. Asoko ni shingō ga arimasu ne. A: Sumimasen. · · · · · · Asoko o migi ni magatte kudasai. Wakarimasu ka. Chizu o kaite kudasai. Hoteru wa hidari desu. B: Hai, ii desu yo. Kokusai Hoteru Sono hito wa totemo shinsetsu deshita. 13 DOKO NI TOMATTE IMASU KA. Maria Satō : Maria : Sato KAIWA Sarimu : Salim Maria Satō Sarimu Satō Sarimu : : : : : Satō-san, kochira wa Sarimu-san desu. Hajimemashite. Satō desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. Sarimu desu. Dōzo yoroshiku. Sarimu-san, kenshū-kōsu wa nan desu ka. Konpyūta desu. Daigaku de jisshū o shite imasu. Tokidoki kengaku mo arimasu. Satō Sarimu Satō Sarimu Satō : : : : : Sō desu ka. Sarimu-san wa ima doko ni tomatte imasu ka. Kokusai Hoteru ni tomatte imasu. Sō desu ka. Go-kazoku mo Nihon ni imasu ka. Iie, Indoneshia ni imasu. Bandon ni sunde imasu. Kanai wa ginkō de hataraite imasu. Satō-san wa Bandon o shitte imasu ka. Hai, shitte imasu. Ichi-do ikimashita. Ii tokoro desu ne. 13 Maria Sato Salim Sato Salim Sato Salim Sato Salim Sato : : : : : : : : : : WHERE ARE YOU STAYING? DIALOGUE Ms. Sato, this is Mr. Salim. How do you do. I'm Sato. Nice to meet you. I'm Salim. Nice to meet you, too. Mr. Salim, what is your training course? Computer. I'm gaining practical experience at a university. Sometimes we have observation tours. I see. Where are you staying now? I'm staying at the Kokusai Hotel. Are you? Is your family in Japan? No, they are in Indonesia. They live in Bandung. My wife is working for a bank. Do you know Bandung, Ms. Sato? Yes, I do. I went there once. It's a nice place, isn't it? Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa V-te imasu (--te iru) tomatte imasu (tomarimasu->tomaru) kochira go-(go) kazoku sunde imasu (sumimasu sumu) kanai hataraite imasu (hatarakimasuhataraku) shitte imasu (shirimasushiru) ichi-do New Words and Expressions Dialogue be V-ing to be staying this (polite form of 'kore') honorific prefix (your) family to live my wife to be working to know once ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Renshū kaisha shujin gakkō kōgi kōgi o ukemasu (ukeru) mochimasu (motsu) kekkon-shimasu (kekkon-suru) okusan (go) shujin otōsan chichi musuko musume (10) -sai kodomotachi kawaii Exercise company ; office my husband school lecture to have lectures to have ; to hold to get married (your/his) wife (your/her) husband (your) father my father my son my daughter (10) years old children cute ; sweet watashi no kazoku kazoku [family] --san no go-kazoku shujin/otto kanai/tsuma kodomo musuko musume sofu sobo chichi haha kyōdai ani ane otōto imōto akanbō oji oba itoko oi mei husband wife child (ren) son daughter grandfather grandmother father mother brothers and sisters older brother older sister younger brother younger sister baby uncle aunt cousin nephew niece (Maria-san no) go-shujin (Sarimu-san no) okusan kodomo-san musuko-san musume-san ojiisan obāsan otōsan okāsan go-kyōdai oniisan onesan otōto-san imōto-san akachan ojisan obasan oitokosan oigosan meigosan Kaisetsu Notes V-te imasu. 1. Ima tegami o kaite imasu. [Now I am writing a letter.] This pattern is made by adding 'imasu’ to the te-form of a verb. It describes in a broad sense a state, what people are doing, or how things are going. It indicates actions in progress, one's habitual activities, etc., roughly corresponding to English "be V-ing". (1) Action in progress : Ima tegami o kaite imasu. [Now I'm writing a letter.] (2) Present state/situation : Ginkō de hataraite imasu. [I am working for a bank.] Kazoku wa Bandon ni sunde imasu. [My family lives in Bandung.] There are several very useful verbs which are normally used in the ‘V-te imasu' pattern. (1) (2) (3) Pasupoto o motte imasu ka. A: Hai, motte imasu. A: Iie, motte imasen. Tai-go o shitte imasu ka. A: Hai, shitte imasu. A: lie, shirimasen. Shinbun o utte imasu. (urimasuuru ; to sell) [Do you have your passport?] [Yes, I do.] [No, I don't.] [Do you know Thai language?] [Yes, I do.] [No, I don't.] [They sell newspapers.] RENSHŪ <1> (1) Wan-san wa ima terebi o mite imasu. shinbun / yomimasu tegami / kakimasu benkyo / shimasu (2) A: Maria-san wa ima nani o shite imasu ka. B: Maria-san wa ima ongaku o kiite imasu. shashin o torimasu tomodachi to hanashimasu heya de nemasu Ima ame ga futte imasu. yuki <2> (1) Kokusai Hoteru ni tomatte imasu. sentā (2) tomodachi no uchi (3) Kazoku wa Bandon ni sunde imasu. Kairo Pekin (3) Kanai wa depāto de hataraite imasu. ginkō kaisha (4) Shujin wa daigaku de oshiete imasu. gakkō sentā <3> (1) A: Maria-san wa doko ni tomatte imasu ka. B: Sentā ni tomatte imasu. Sarimu-san / Kokusai Hoteru A: Sentā de nani o shite imasu ka. B: Nihon-go no benkyō o shite imasu. jisshū o shimasu kōgi o ukemasu A: Kamera o motte imasu ka. (2) (3) B: Hai, motte imasu. kazoku no shashin kuruma (4) A: Sarimu-san wa kekkon-shite imasu ka. B: Hai, kekkon-shite imasu. Wan-san Tanaka-san A: Hoteru no denwa-bangō o shitte imasu ka. B: Iie, shirimasen. sentā no jūsho Nihon no uta A: Okusan wa nani o shite imasu ka. B: Kanai wa yūbinkyoku de hataraite imasu. go-shujin / shujin otōsan / chichi (5) (6) <4> A: Ima nan no kenshū o shite imasu ka. B: Konpyūta no jisshu o shite imasu. (1) Totemo omoshiroi desu. A: Sō desu ka. Doko ni tomatte imasu ka. B: Kokusai Hoteru ni tomatte imasu. A: Sentā no jūsho o shitte imasu ka. (2) B: Sumimasen. Denwa-bangō wa shitte imasu ga, jūsho wa shirimasen. A: Ā, sō desu ka. <5> Watashi no kazoku Watashi no kazoku wa Bandon ni sunde imasu. Kazoku wa kanai to kodomo ga futari desu. hataraite imasu. Kanai wa ginkō de Kodomo wa musuko to musume desu. Musuko wa 10-sai, musume wa 8-sai desu. Kodomotachi wa totemo genki desu. Watashi wa kazoku no shashin o itsumo motte imasu. Kodomotachi wa totemo kawaii desu. 14 DO SHITA N DESU KA. Sarimu Shokuin : Salim : Staff KAIWA [1] Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin : : : : : : : : : : : : : Sumimasen. Jisshū o yasundemo ii desu ka. E? Dō shita n desu ka. Atama ga itai n desu. Netsu wa arimasu ka. Hai, 38-do gurai desu. Kusuri o nomimashita ka. lie, mada desu. Ato de nomimasu. Sō desu ka. Ja, odaiji ni. Arigatō gozaimasu. Konnichiwa. Ā, Sarimu-san, dō desu ka. Mō daijōbu desu. Yokatta desu ne. Sarimu [2] Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin : : : : : Arigatō gozaimasu. Anō, kōra ga demasen. E? O-kane o iremashita ga demasen. Dō shitara ii desu ka. Sō desu ka. Chotto matte kudasai. 14 [1] Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu [2] Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin WHAT'S THE MATTER ? DIALOGUE : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : Excuse me. May I be absent from the practice' What? What's the matter' I have a headache. Do you have a fever ? Yes, I do. It's about 38°C. Have you taken any medicine? No, not yet. I'll take some later. All right. Please take care of yourself. Thank you. Hello. Oh, Mr. Salim, how are you? I'm all right, thank you. I'm glad to hear that. Thank you very much. Say, the cola machine doesn't work. What? I put in some coins, but the drink didn't come out. What should I do? All right. Please wait a moment. Atarashii kotoba Kaiwa Dō shita n desu ka. shokuin yasundemo ii desu ka (yasumimasuyasumu) atama itai Atama ga itai n desu. netsu (38)-do kusuri ato de odaiji ni mō daijōbu desu anō kōra demasu (deru) (o) kane iremasu (ireru) Dō shitara ii desu ka. New Words and Expressions Dialogue What's the matter? staff May I be absent from -- ? head ache I have a headache. fever ; temperature (38) degree medicine later Take care of yourself. already I'm all right. Excuse me. /welliuh cola to come out money to put in What should I do? Atarashii kotoba Renshū suwarimasu (suwaru) dōzo panfuretto tabako o suimasu (suu) kōjō New Words and Expressions Exercise to sit please pamphlet to smoke cigarettes factory dame (na) Sore wa ikemasen ne. onaka kibun kibun ga warui kaze kega (heya de) yasumimasu (yasumu) no good ; not allowed That's too bad. stomach feeling feel bad cold ; influenza injury to have a rest (in the room) Kaisetsu Notes V- temo ii desu ka. 1. Shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. [May I take some pictures?] This sentence pattern is used to ask for permission. In daily communication, the answers are as follows: Positive response: Q: Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka. [May I sit here?] A: Hai, dōzo. [Yes, please.] Negative response: 'Sumimasen, chotto•••' is a very useful expression when you want to turn down the request or offer. [ Lesson 7] Q: Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka. [May I sit here?] A: Sumimasen, chotto••• Tomodachi ga kimasu kara. [Sorry -A friend of mine is coming here.] Suppose that you visit a factory and wonder if you could take some pictures there. If there's a rule in the factory that doesn't allow you to take pictures, 'dame desu’ is often used. Please remember that it is rather a strong expression of prohibition and it is better to refrain from using it. Q: Kōjō de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. [May I take some pictures in the factory?]. A: Hai, dōzo. / Ē, ii desu yo. [Yes, please/Yes, you may.] Iie, dame desu. / Sumimasen, chotto··· [No, it isn't allowed./Sorry···] Sarimu-san, dō shita n desu ka. [What's the matter, Mr. Salim?] Dō shita n desu ka. 2. This expression is used to ask the reason when someone is in trouble or is in an unusual state. It has the connotation that the speaker wants to know the reason for the situation. --n desu. 3. Atama ga itai n desu. [I have a headache.] One of the functions of 'n’ is to ask/give the reasons for a situation. The preceding phrase indicates the reason for the situation. Q: Sarimu-san, dō shita n desu ka. [Mr. Salim, what's the matter with you?] A: Onaka ga itai n desu. [I have a stomachache.] Mō V-mashita 4. 'mō' means "already". This pattern is used to indicate that a certain expected action has already been taken. mada desu. 5. The positive answer to the question 'mō V-mashita ka' is 'Hai, Vmashita / Hai, mo V-mashita.' The negative answer to the same question is ‘Iie, mada desu.' Q: Mō asa-gohan o tabemashita ka. Have you already eaten your breakfast?]. Iie, mada desu. [No, not yet.] Mō kusuri o nomirnashita ka. [Have you already taken some medicine?] [ A: Hai, (mō) tabemashita. [Yes, please/Yes, you may.] Iie, mada desu. [No, not yet.] Dō shitara ii desu ka 6. [What should I do?] This expression is used when you are in trouble and you want to know what you should do. For instance, this expression is useful when you lost valuables such as passport, money, camera, etc.. Pasupōto o nakushimashita. Dō shitara ii desu ka. [I've lost my passport. What should I do'] RENSHŪ <1> (1)a A: Sumimasen. Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka. panfuretto o moraimasu B: Hai, dōzo. eakon o tsukemasu b A: Sumimasen. Koko ni suwattemo ii desu ka. B: Sumimasen. Chotto··· tabako o suimasu mado o akemasu A: Kōjō de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. B: Hai, ii desu. enpitsu de kakimasu ashita yasumimasu (2)a b A: Kōjō de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. B: Iie, dame desu. kyōshitsu de tabako o suimasu heya de ryōri o shimasu <2> A: Dō shita n desu ka. (1) B: Atama ga itai n desu. A: Sore wa ikemasen ne. onaka ga itai kibun ga warui (2)a A: Mō kusuri o nomimashita ka. B: Hai, nomimashita. byōin e ikimasu medikaru kādo o moraimasu b A: Mō kusuri o nomimashita ka. B: Iie, mada desu. byōin e ikimasu A: Kaze wa dō desu ka. B: Hai, mō daijōbu desu. medikaru kādo o moraimasu (3) A: Sō desu ka. Yokatta desu ne. B: Arigatō gozaimasu. onaka kega kibun A: Kaze wa dō desu ka. (4) B: Mada chotto··· A: Sō desu ka. Odaiji ni. onaka kega kibun <3> A: Sumimasen. (1) Kippu ga demasen. Dō shitara ii desu ka. B: Chotto matte kudasai. okane <5> Kino wa jisshu o yasumimashita. itakatta desu. Gogo wa heya de yasumimashita. Kyo wa netsu ga arimasen. Mo daijobu desu. Atama mo itaku nai desu. Asa wa atama ga kōra tabako Netsu ga arimashita kara byoin e ikimashita. 15 KUDASAI. KAIWA SHASHIN WA TORANAIDE Shokuin Sarimu : Staff : Salim Shokuin Sarimu Furonto Shokuin Sarimu Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu Shokuin Sarimu : : : : : : : : : : : : : Minasan konnichiwa. Imakara kōjō o goannai-shimasu. Yoroshiku onegai-shimasu. Anō, shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. Sumimasen. Shashin wa toranaide kudasai. Hai, wakarimashita. Koko wa hito ga sukunai desu ne. Hai. Robotto o tsukatte imasu kara. Robotto wa nan-dai arimasu ka. 280-dai gurai arimasu. Sō desu ka. Ikkagetsu ni nan-dai kuruma o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu ka. 20,000-dai desu. 20,000-dai desu ka. Sugoi desu ne. Kengaku wa kore de owarimasu. Otsukaresama deshita. Kyō wa iroiro osewa ni narimashita. Dōmo arigatō gozaimashita. 15 Staff Salim Staff Salim Salim Staff Salim Staff Salim Staff Salim Staff Salim PLEASE DO NOT TAKE PICTURES. DIALOGUE : : : : : : : : : : : : : Hello, everybody. I'll show you around the factory. Thank you very much. And, may I take some pictures? I'm sorry but please do not take pictures here. All right. There are not so many people here. Yes, because we are using robots. How many robots do you have? About 280. I see. How many cars can you produce a month? About 20.000 cars. 20,000! That's impressive! The observation tour is over now. Thank you for your cooperation. Thank you very much for your kindness. Atarashii kotoba New Words and Expressions Kaiwa V-naide kudasai toranaide kudasai minasan imakara (go) annai-shimasu (annai-suru) Yoroshiku onegai-shimasu. sukunai robotto nan-dai ikkagetsu (ikkagetsu) ni sugoi kore de owarimasu Otsukaresama deshita. Osewa ni narimashita. Dialogue please don't -please don't take -everybody from now on to show you around (lit : I thank you in advance.) a little ; a few robot how many units one month per (month) impressive ; great to be over now Thank you for your cooperation. (lit : You must be tired.) Thank you for yo'ur kindness. Nan-kagetsu [How many months?] 1 2 3 4 5 6 ikkagetsu ni-kagetsu san-kagetsu yon-kagetsu go-kagetsu *rokkagetsu 7 8 9 10 11 12 nana-kagetsu hachi-kagetsu / hakkagetsu kyū-kagetsu jikkagetsu / jukkagetsu jūikkagetsu jūni-kagetsu *han-toshi (half a year) Atarashii kotoba Renshū New Words and Expressions Exercise beddo wasuremasu (wasureru) kowaremasu (kowareru) hanbaiki sentakuki fakkusu sawarimasu (sawaru) abunai hairimasu (hairu) --kagetsu --nen --shūkan --kai --nichi oinori-shimasu (oinori-suru) firumu -- hon hagaki -- mai kitte kin'en furasshu shumi nan-kai shiryō bed to forget to be broken vending machine washing machine facsimile machine to touch dangerous to enter --month(s) --year(s) --week(s) --time(s) --day(s) to pray film [classifier for long objects such as pencils, bottles, etc.] postcard --sheet(s) of stamp no smoking flash (for camera) hobby how often;how many times printed material;data Nan-nichi [How many days?] Nan-shukan [How many weeks?] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 ichi-nichi futsuka mikka yokka itsuka muika nanoka yōka kokonoka tōka jūichi-nichi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 isshūkan ni-shūkan san-shūkan yon-shūkan go-shūkan roku-shūkan nana-shūkan hasshūkan kyū-shūkan jisshūkan/ jusshūkan 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 nan-dai ichi-dai ni-dai san-dai yon-dai go-dai roku-dai nana-dai hachi-dai kyū-dai jū-dai nan-mai ichi-mai ni-mai san-mai yon-mai go-mai roku-mai nana-mai hachi-mai kyū-mai jū-mai nan-bon ippon ni-hon san-bon yon-hon go-hon roppon nana-hon happon kyū-hon jippon/ juppon Nan-kai [How often?] ikkai ni-kai san-kai yon-kai go-kai rokkai nana-kai hakkai kyū-kai jikkai/ jukkai —dai : How many units--?[classifier for counting vehicles and machines] —mai : How many sheets--? [classifier for counting flat things such as paper.] —hon : [classifier for counting long things such as pencils, bottles and strips of film.] Kaisetsu Notes V- naide kudasai 1. [Please do not--] The V-nai forms are used as follows: (1) The V-nai form is used in negative requests. Kowarete imasu kara tsukawanaide kudasai. [As it is out of order, please do not use this.] Note that 'kudasai' attached after the te-form is very often unmentioned in informal conversations. (2) The V-nai form is very often used in informal 'plain style' speech, such as 'Kōhii, nomanai? (Kōhii o nomimasen ka.)' 2 . The following shows the way to make the rim-form of verbs. ☆Godan-verbs : kakimasu -isogimasu -machimasu -kaimasu -kak isog mat kaw + + + + anai anai anai anai kakanai isoganai matanai kawanai (do not write) (do not hurry) (do not wait) (do not buy) ☆lchidan-verbs (drop 'masu’ and mimasu -mi + nai ☆lrregular verbs : kimasu -ki ko shimasu -shi add 'te’ .) minai (do not see) + + nai nai konai shinai (do not come) (do not do) Godan-verbs aimasu kaimasu kikimasu arukimasu isogimasu hanashimasu nakushimasu machimasu mochimasu shinimasu yobimasu nomimasu aw anai kawanai kikanai arukanai isoganai hanasanai nakusanai matanai motanai shinanai yobanai nomanai meet buy listen walk hurry talk lose wait hold die call drink mimasu imasu okimasii dekimasu orimasu misemasu tabemasu nemasu demasu agemasu akemasu shimemasu lchidan-verbs minai inai okinai dekinai orinai misenai tabenai nenai denai agenai akenai shimenai watch be get up can get off show eat sleep come out give open close yomimasu yasumimasu magarimasu owarimas u yomanai yasumanai magaranai owaranai read rest turn finish oboemasu tsukaremasu oshiemasu kowaremasu oboenai tsukarenai oshienai kowarenai memorize be tired teach break Irregular verbs kimasu motte kimasu shimasu benkyō-shimasu konai motte konai shinai benkyō-shinai come bring do study (span of time) ni (frequency/amount) 3. 1-jikan ni 2-kai [2 times per 1 hour] This use of 'ni' expresses a span of time. The idea of "frequency" can be replaced by "amount" when talking about production. l-kagetsu ni nan-dai kuruma o tsukuru koto ga dekimasu ka. [How many cars per month can you make here?] RENSHŪ <1> (1) Beddo de tabako o suwanaide kudasai. koko de shashin o torimasu kurasu o yasumimasu repōto o wasuremasu (2) Kono kikai wa kowarete imasu kara tsukawanaide kudasai. hanbaiki fakkusu sentakuki (3) A: Sawattemo ii desu ka. B: Iie, abunai desu kara sawaranaide kudasai. hairimasu akemasu oshimasu <2> A: Itsu Nihon e kimashita ka. (1) B: 7-gatsu ni kimashita. A: Sō desu ka. Dono gurai Nihon ni imasu ka. B: 6-kagetsu imasu. 8-kagetsu 1-nen (2) 5-shūkan Watashi wa 1-kagetsu ni 2-kai tegami o kakimasu. 1-shūkan / 1-kai / ginkō e ikimasu 1-nichi / 5-kai / oinori-shimasu 1-nen / 1-kai / kazoku to ryokō o shimasu (3) Firumu o 2-hon kudasai. (4) Hagaki o 2-mai kaimasu. (5) Konpyūta ga 1-dai arimasu. <3> A: Koko wa kin'en desu kara tabako o (1) suwanaide kudasai. B: Hai, wakarimashita. A: Koko de shashin o tottemo ii desu ka. (2) B: Hai, ii desu yo. Demo furasshu o tsukawanaide kudasai. A: Sarimu-san, shumi wa nan desu ka. B: Supōtsu desu. A: Donna supōtsu ga suki desu ka. (3) B: Pinpon desu. A: Sō desu ka. Isshūkan ni nan-kai gurai shimasu ka. B: Isshūkan ni ikkai shimasu. A: Sō desu ka. <4> Watashi wa kuruma no kōjō o kengaku-shimashita. Sono kōjō wa okii desu ga, hito wa amari imasen. Robotto o 280-dai gurai tsukatte imasu. Kuruma o ikkagetsu ni 20,000 dai tsukuru koto ga dekimasu. Kōjō no naka de shashin o toru koto wa dekimasen deshita ga, shiryō o takusan moraimashita. Kengaku wa omoshirokatta desu. [APPENDICES] 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. PLAIN STYLE SPEECH LIST OF NUMBERS, TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS CONJUGATION TABLES OF VERBS KEIYŌSHI [LIST OF ADJECTIVES] JOSHI [LIST OF PARTICLES] OMO NA GAKUSHŪ KŌMOKU [LIST OF STUDY POINTS] SAKUIN [INDEX] 141 143 147 156 158 160 161 162 1. PLAIN STYLE SPEECH PLAIN STYLE SPEECH: the following sentences are samples of very informal conversations between close friends. Please remember that plain style speech is allowed only among close friends and within families. Also, a person of higher rank can use these forms when addressing a person of lesser rank, but the latter should always answer with polite expressions. PLAIN STYLE A: Kore, nani? 1. B: Tonkatsu. A: Butaniku? B: Sō. 2. A: Supōtsu, suki? B: Uun, amari suki ja nai. A: Kono hon, omoshiroi? B: Un, omoshiroi yo. A: Biiru, nomu? 4. B: Uun, nomanai. A: Ja, nani nomu? B: Jūsu. A: Akihabara e iku? B: Un, ikitai. 5. Itsu? A: Ashita, dō? B: Un, ii yo. 6. A: Asakusa, shitteru? B: Uun, shiranai. POLITE A: Kore wa nan desu ka. B: Tonkatsu desu. A: Butaniku desu ka. B: Sō desu. A: Supōtsu ga suki desu ka. B: Iie, amari suki ja arimasen. A: Kono hon wa omoshiroi desu ka. B: Hai, omoshiroi desu. A: Biiru o nomimasu ka. B: Iie, nomimasen. A: Dewa, nani o nomimasu ka. B: Jūsu o nomimasu. A: Akihabara e ikimasu ka? B: Hai, ikitai desu. Itsu desu ka. A: Ashita wa dō desu ka. B: Hai, ii desu. A: Asakusa o shitte imasu ka. B: Iie, shirimasen. 3. 7. A: Mō asa-gohan, tabeta? B: Uun, mada. A: Mō asa-gohan o tabemashita ka. B: Iie, mada desu. A: Kinō pātii e itta? 8. B: Uun, ikanakatta. Tomodachi ga kita kara. A: Sō. 9. A: Eiga wa omoshirokatta? B: Un, omoshirokatta. A: Kyōto wa samukatta? B: Uun, amari samuku nakatta. A: Kyōto, dō datta? B: Kirei datta yo. A: Kinō pātii e ikimashita ka? B: Iie, ikimasen deshita. Tomodachi ga kimashita kara. A: Sō desu ka. A: Eiga wa omoshirokatta desu ka. B: Hai, omoshirokatta desu. A: Kyōto wa samukatta desu ka. B: Iie, amari samuku nakatta desu. A: Kyōto wa dō deshita ka. B: Kirei deshita. 10. 11. A sample of the mixture of plain style speech and polite speech. Person 'A' has a higher position than 'B'. In other cases, person 'A' may be speaking this way to express a friendly attitude. In response to this, it is a good practice to use the polite style, in order to avoid impoliteness to anyone. A: Konnichiwa. Genki? B: Hai, genki desu. A: Kenshū wa itsu made? 1. B: 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu. A: Sō. Itsu kuni e kaeru no? B: 12-gatsu 21 -nichi ni kaerimasu. A: Konnichiwa. Ogenki desu ka. B: Hai, genki desu. A: Kenshū wa itsu made desu ka. B: 12-gatsu 18-nichi made desu. A: Sō desu ka. Itsu kuni e kaerimasu ka. B: 12-gatsu 21 -nichi ni kaerimasu. 2. LIST OF NUMBERS, TIMES & COUNTING EXPRESSIONS I . NUMBERS 0 ~ 10 11 ~ 100 ~ 1000 ~ 10000 ~ 100000000 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000 100000000 zero / rei ichi ni san yon / shi go roku shichi / nana hachi kyū / ku jū jū-ichi jū-ni jū-san jū-shi / jū-yon jū-go jū-roku jū-shichi / jū-nana jū-hachi jū-kyū / jū-ku ni- jū hyaku ni-hyaku san-byaku yon-hyaku go-hyaku sen ni-sen san-zen yon-sen go-sen ichi-man jū-man hyaku-man issen-man ichi-oku 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 san-jū yon-jū go-jū roku-jū shichi-jū / nana-jū hachi-jū kyū-jū 600 700 800 900 6000 7000 8000 9000 roppyaku nana-hyaku happyaku kyū-hyaku roku-sen nana-sen hassen kyū-sen II . TIMES a ) Names of the time Nan-gatsu What month--? 1 2 3 4 5 6 ichi-gatsu ni-gatsu san-gatsu shi-gatsu go-gatsu roku-gatsu 7 shichi-gatsu 8 hachi-gatsu 9 ku-gatsu 10 jū-gatsu 11 jūichi-gatsu 12 jūni-gatsu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 tsuitachi futsuka mikka yokka itsuka muika nanoka yōka kokonoka tōka 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Nan-nichi What day--? jūichi-nichi jūni-nichi jūsan-nichi jūyokka jūgo-nichi jūroku-nichi jūshichi-nichi jūhachi-nichi jūku-nichi hatsuka 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 nijū-ichi-nichi nijū-ni-nichi nijū-san-nichi nijū-yokka nijū-go-nichi nijū-roku-nichi nijū-shichi-nichi nijū-hachi-nichi nijū-ku-nichi sanjū-nichi sanjū-ichi-nichi Nan-ji What time--? 1 ichi-ji 2 ni-ji 3 san-ji 4 yo-ji 5 go-ji 6 roku-ji 7 shichi-ji 8 hachi-ji 9 ku-ji 10 jū-ji 11 jūichi-ji 12 jūni-ji Nan-pun How many minutes—? 1 ippun 2 ni-fun 3 san-pun 4 yon-pun 5 go-fun 6 roppun 7 nana-fun 8 happun / hachi-fun 9 kyū-fun 10 jippun / juppun 20 ni-jippun / ni-juppun 30 40 50 san-jippun / yon-jippun / go-jippun / san-juppun yon-juppun go-juppun Nan-yōbi What day of the week--? nichi-yōbi Sunday getsu-yōbi Monday ka-yōbi Tuesday sui-yōbi Wednesday moku-yōbi Thursday kin-yōbi Friday do-yōbi Saturday b) Period of time Nan-nen Nan-kagetsu Nan-shūkan Nan-nichi Nan-jikan How many years?How many months?How many weeks? How many days?How many hours? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ichi-nen ni-nen san-nen yo-nen go-nen roku-nen shichi-nen / ikkagetsu ni-kagetsu san-kagetsu yon-kagetsu go-kagetsu rokkagetsu nana-kagetsu isshūkan ni-shūkan san-shūkan yon-shūkan go-shūkan roku-shūkan nana-shūkan ichinichi futsuka mikka yokka itsuka muika nanoka ichi-jikan ni-jikan san-jikan yo-jikan go-jikan roku-jikan shichi-jikan / nana-nen 8 hachi-nen hachi-kagetsu / hakkagetsu 9 kyū-nen / ku-nen 10 jū-nen jikkagetsu / jukkagetsu 11 jisshūkan / jusshūkan jūichi-nichi tōka kyū-kagetsu kyū-shūkan kokonoka hasshūkan yōka nana-jikan hachi-jikan ku-jikan jū-jikan III. COUNTING EXPRESSIONS How many--? Nan-dai 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ichi-dai ni-dai san-dai yon-dai go-dai roku-dai nana-dai Nan-mai ichi-mai ni-mai san-mai yon-mai go-mai roku-mai nana-mai Nan-bon ippon ni-hon san-bon yon-hon go-hon roppon nana-hon Ikutsu hitotsu futatsu mittsu yottsu itsutsu muttsu nanatsu Nan-nin hitori futari san-nin yo-nin go-nin roku-nin shichi-nin / nana-nin 8 9 hachi-dai kyū-dai hachi-mai kyū-mai happon kyū-hon yattsu kokonotsu hachi-nin kyū-nin / ku-nin jū-dai 10 jū-mai jippon / juppon tō jū-nin 3. USEFUL WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS 1 ka (1) shokugyō shigoto profession occupation kenshūin enjinia kenkyūin isha kangofu kōmuin kyōshi/sensei keisatsukan kaishain (2) sekai Ajia Chūkintō Afurika Kita-Amerika Chūō-Amerika Minami-Amerika Oseania Yōroppa Sekai chizu World map participant (JICA's) engineer researcher medical doctor nurse public official teacher policeman ; police officer company employee world Asia Middle East Africa North America Central America South America Oceania Europe Nihon chizu Map of Japan 2ka (1) tabemono niku toriniku butaniku gyūniku sakana yasai tamago food meat chicken pork beef fish vegetable egg (2) kudamono ringo mikan ichigo suika momo nashi budō banana fruit apple mandarin orange strawberry watermelon peach pear grape banana (3) mono kagi thing key hon kyōkasho book textbook tokei kamera kaban saifu (o) kane kasa megane 3ka (1) sentā shochōshitsu furonto jimusho shokudō robii toire seminā rūmu kyōshitsu kōdō 4ka (1) nomimono kōhii aisu kōhii kōcha miruku jūsu kokoa kōra (2) menyū hanbāgā sandoitchi supagetti piza karē sūpu sutēki furaido chikin furaido poteto sarada (3) Chūgoku ryōri rāmen yakisoba chāhan (4) Nihon ryōri watch; clock camera bag purse money umbrella glasses Centre Director's office front desk office dining hall lobby toilet seminar room classroom auditorium beverages coffee iced coffee tea milk juice cocoa cola menu hamburger sandwich spaghetti pizza curry soup (beef) steak fried chicken fried potatoes salad Chinese food ramen: noodles in soup fried noodles fried rice Japanese food zasshi jisho chizu nōto enpitsu bōrupen magazine dictionary map notebook pencil ball-point pen tai'ikukan toshoshitsu baiten pūru tenisu kōto rōka kaidan genkan erebētā niwa biiru wain uisukii (o) sake (o) cha (o) mizu (o) yu gym library shop swimming pool tennis court corridor stairs front entrance elevator garden beer wine whiskey rice wine Japanese tea water hot water pan gohan dezāto aisu kuriimu kēki yōguruto shio satō shōyu koshō bread rice dessert ice cream cake yogurt salt sugar soy sauce pepper udon/soba sushi tenpura sukiyaki sashimi gohan Japanese noodles vinegared rice with raw fish on top deep fried fish and vegetable dish beef and vegetable dish raw fish cooked rice (2) sētā shatsu zubon sukāto burausu bōshi keshōhin kamisori hamigaki 5 ka ginkō yūbinkyoku byōin 6 ka (1) kōen dōbutsuen hakubutsukan (2) depāto sūpā mise yaoya niku-ya sakana-ya pan-ya kamera-ya kusuri-ya denki-ya hana-ya sweater shirt trousers skirt blouse hat cosmetics razor toothpaste bank post office hospital park zoo museum department store supermarket shop', store greengrocery meat shop fish shop bakery camera shop drug store electric appliance shop flower shop nekutai hadagi kutsushita sutokkingu kutsu hankachi haburashi sekken senzai taishikan hoteru necktie underwear socks stockings shoes handkerchief toothbrush soap detergent embassy hotel bijutsukan eigakan gakkō bunbōgu-ya hon-ya tokoya biyōin kuriiningu-ya res'utoran kissaten shinbun hon zasshi art museum movie theater school stationery shop bookstore barber beauty parlor laundry restaurant coffee shop newspaper book magazine 7 ka (1) denwa kōshū denwa denwa bokkusu denwachō kokusai denwa denwa-bangō 8 ka (1) (o) matsuri natsu-matsuri aki-matsuri hina-matsuri (2) heya tsukue isu hondana denwa eakon denki sutando terebi telephone pay phone telephone booth telephone directory international call telephone number festival summer festival harvest festival Doll's Festival room desk chair bookshelf telephone air conditioner lights reading lamp television shigai kyokuban kyokuban naisen korekuto kōru terehon kādo ryōkin waribiki area code exchange number extension collect call telephone card charge discount tango no sekku tanabata matsuri (o) tsukimi (o) shōgatsu beddo mōfu makura shiitsu kabe tenjō yuka kāten denki Boys' Festival Star Festival Moon Festival New Year's Day bed blanket pillow bed sheet wall ceiling floor curtain watashi no heya tenjō kāten sutando kabe makura shiitsu mōfu isu yuka beddo hondana 9 ka (1) shumi ongaku kurashikku jazu enka min'yō piano gitā baiorin (2) supōtsu sakkā barēbōru badominton tenisu pinpon suiei 10 ka iro aka ao shiro kuro 11 ka kisetsu haru natsu aki fuyu atsui samui atatakai suzushii mushiatsui hobby music classical music jazz Japanese popular song Japanese folk songs piano guitar violin sports soccer volleyball badminton tennis pingpong swimming color red blue white black season spring summer autumn winter hot cold warm cool muggy shibai eiga ryokō dokusho ryōri myūjikaru drama ; theaters movies travelling reading cooking musical jogingu tozan tsuri sukii jogging mountain climbing fishing skiing ki'iro chairo midori'iro murasaki yellow brown green purple hare kumori ame yuki kaze taifū tsuyu kanki uki kaminari niji jishin shinkansen tokkyū kyūkō kaisoku futsū kūkō clear sky cloudy rain snow wind typhoon rainy season dry season wet season thunder rainbow earthquake bullet trains limited express express semi express local airport 12 ka (1) norimono densha basu takushii hikōki fune chikatetsu vehicles train bus taxi airplane ship ; boat subway basu-tei basu-tāminaru eki kaisatsu-guchi hōmu --bansen --iki kippu-uriba hanbaiki (2) kōsoku dōro dōro michi shadō ōdan hodō hodō hodōkyō shingō kōsaten bus stop bus terminal station wicket platform track number (bound) for ticket office vending machine highway street road driveway pedestrian crossing pedestrian walk pedestrian bridge traffic lights intersection kippu teiki iriguchi deguchi higashi-guchi nishi-guchi minami-guchi kita-guchi tsukiatari migi(gawa) hidari(gawa) mukō (gawa) tetsudō fumikiri saka yama hashi kawa ticket commuting pass entrance exit east exit west exit south exit north exit dead end right side left side the other side railway railroad crossing hill ; uphill mountain bridge river