Jane's Electro-optic Systems 2006-2007

Jane'sElectro-Optic Systems . ' IRBORNE, MARITIME, ONENDPRODUC * * - " . # . , . * - - + I WORLDWIDE SAI FS AND SUPPOm USA: 1.800.727.3547 INTE www.flir.com L; 444 (0) 1732 22 0011 Intell~get~c and e It-)sightYOLA C d n Trust Jane's Electro-Optic Systems Edited by Michael J Gething AMRAeS Twelfth Edition Bookmark jeos.janes.com today! Jane's Electro-Optic Systems online site gives you details of the additional information that is unique t o online subscribers and the many benefits of upgrading t o an online subscription. Don't delay, visit jeos.janes.com today and view the list of the latest updates t o this online service. ISBN-10 0 7106 2751 3 ISBN-13 978 0 7106 2751 3 "Jane's" is a registered trademark Copyright O 2006 by Jane's Information Group Limited, Sentinel House, 163 Brighton Road, Coulsdon, Surrey, CR5 2YH. 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Land Systems - Section Summary Electro-optic countermeasures Electronic countermeasures Laser warners Air defence missiles Vehicles Vehicle sights Static and towed Static and towed sights Portable Portable sights Air defence guns Vehicles Vehicle sights Static and towed Static and towed sights Anti-amour missiles and munitions Vehicles Armoured fighting vehicles Vehicle turrets Fire control = --Gunner's sights Commander's sights Driver's sights - Infantry weapon sights Illuminating Passive - crew-served weapons P a s se iv .. ~personal ~ weapons . -- * = L ? -. Fixed-wing Integrated systems .Observation and surveillance Air defence sensors Forward observation Laser range-finders Image intensifier binoculars Image intensifier cameras Image intensifier goggles Image intensifier monoculars Area surveillance Infrared imagers AIRBORNE SYSTEMS Airborne Systems .Section Summary Inka-red detectors and coolers Thermal imager modules Video trackers for military applications Antidetection devices Contractors Alphabetical index Manufacturers' index Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 .Helicopter Targeting sights Laser range-finders Flight aids Laser systems Communications and beacons Pilot's thermal imagers Pilot's goggles and integrated helmets Observation and surveillance Air interception Turret sensors Maritime sensors Unmanned aircraft sensors Reconnaissance systems Thermal imagers KEY TECHNOLOGIES FOR ELECTRO-OPTIC SYSTEMS Key technologies for Electro-optic Systems .Section Summary Air-launched missiles Air-to-air missiles Air-to-air guns Air-to-surface missiles and munitions Electro-optic countermeasures Electronic countermeasures Missile warners Laser warners Ground attack Integrated systems . 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Umkhonto is also now operation on South Africa's Valour-class patrol corvettes. a highdefinition TV and thermal sensors plus an eye-safe laser rangefinder (and omni-directional ESM antenna). now in its twelfth edition. the more there is to learn. is producing both its SERO 400 periscope and OMS 100 optronic mast for Type 209 SSKs of the Indian and South African navies. in service with the US Navy's Los Angeles-class SSNs and Egypt's Improved Romeo-class SSKs. it has been adopted for the four De Zeven Provincien-class LCF frigates. Radamec Defence Systems (part of Ultra Electronics) will provide its System 2500 for the UK Royal Navy's Type 45 Daring-class destroyers as part of the Electro-Optical Gunfue Control System (EOGCS). On the weapons side.0 pm waveband. indication. slipping silently below the surface.both acronyms apply) on Armowed Fighting Vehicles (AFVs). It seems the more knowledge and information I absorb on the wide-ranging subjects covered. mirroring the trend for Remotely-Controlled Weapon Stations (RCWS or just RWS . all-weather visual and electronic search. with other customers including Bangladesh (on the frigate BNS Bangabandhu). for example. So. Carl Zeiss Optronics.on submarine periscopes and optronic masts. plus the Radamec Series 206-004 colour TV camera. Germany (for its K130 corvettes) and Greece (for three types of vessel). I realise that the various technologies covered under this title. To further exploit the sensors. It is but one step from fire-control directors to integrated sensors on weapons platforms and. The optronic mast is a dedicated surveillance sensor with. A further evolution .Overv Introduction As I settle down to review the fouah year of my tenure as Editor of Jane's Electro-Optic Systems. we can record the first firing of the IR-guided Denel Umkhonto surface-to-air missile from the FNS Hanko. the engagement was also the fust ballistic missile shootdown using SM-2. warning and platform architecture interface capabilities. have advanced by leaps-and-bounds. a TV channel and a thermal channel (using either MWIR or LWIR sensors). such systems are now coming into naval service. The Series 2500 sensor payload is a 3 to 5 pn high-resolution thermal camera from BAE Systems Australia and the same company's Series 600 eye-safe laser range-finder. surveillance. one of the Finnish Navy's four Hamina-class fast-attack craft. This will bring together mission-critical. The US manufacturer.the Photonic Mast Program produced the ANIBVS-1 non-penetrating mast for the US Navy's Virginia-class SSNs and the Photonics Mast Variant for the four former Ohio-class SSBNs converted to SSGN configuration.2 to 14. As well as being the first endo-atmospheric engagement. on 26May 2006. the subtle difference between periscopes and optronic masts is that the periscope can accommodate one or two TV channels (usually daylight and low-light) together with a laser rangefinder alongside the more traditional functionalities. either with new systems or the upgrading of IR detectors to the latest standard in existing systems. Kollmorgen is working on an Integrated Submarine Imaging System for the US Navy's Los Angeles-class and Virginia-class SSNs plus the SSGNs. tracking and fue-control system applications cover the 0.use of Electro-OpticallInfra-Red (EOIIR) systems in naval systems is in surveillance. but otherwise the missile was standard. generally. This area has been steadily growing. one must not forget the IR detectors in some missiles and the steady growth in sub-surface applications . However. Known in the Royal Netherlands Navy as the Trainable Electro-Optical Observation System (TEOOS). The following sections. on 24 May 2006. Typical of the genre is Thales Nederland's Mirador multisensor director equipped with a colour daylight and low-light TVs for daylnight surveillance. In the field of naval EOIIR. and their practical application. A Raytheon spokesperson described the modifications related to enhancements of the seeker head as being able to help the missile better deal with the very high speeds involved in the target's terminal phase. This information and the accompanying photo were not available in time to further update the entry in the main body of the book. mirroring the main categories within the product. Kollmorgen has developed its non-penetrating periscope concept into the model 86 optronic mast. Both types of mast are usually considered complementary and are to be found in most modern submarines. but until this point all of the engagements had occurred with the BMD-dedicated SM-3 in the exo-atmospheric ballistic phases. Another missile-seeker event was the successful interception of a ballistic missile target in its terminal descent phase by a Raytheon RIM-156A Standard Missile 2 (SM-2) Block IV. seven ballistic missile intercepts from eight f i g s . and the Type 214 SSKs for Greece and South Korea. a fxed-focus monochrome TV camera for tracking. tracking and fire-control system applications. equipped with a modified IR seeker. ok at elements of interest more specifically. The South African Navy (SAN) has ordered an initial Rogue remotely operated gun system from Reutech Defence Logistics (RDL) I NAVAL SYSTEMS By far the largest . digital image management. They are fitted with channels for a colour TV. a dual field-of-view Albatross 3 to 5 pm thermal camera (with the option of an 8 to 12 pm and an eye-safe laser rangefinder. and power means batteries. Known as the STAbilised Machine gun Platform (STAMP). based on its Horizontal Technology Integration (HTI) second-generation products used in sighting systems for the US Army and Marine Corps. Most of these were offering devices tailored to using proprietary image intensification (II or 12) tubes procured from the nine main suppliers worldwide. weapons and ammunition . Turkey's Aselsan launched a naval RCWS at the IDEF'O5 in Ankara in late September 2005. SAS MaRhanda. was using tubes produced in Russia.ber ZW5 (Saab AB) in . The feedback from the bottom upwards is bein1 addressed and the innovations are filtering down to the front line. be it through I1 or Thermal Imaging (TI) sensors. Depending on the effective range of the weapon selected for a particular application. The word in the bazaars at Eurosatory is that this is a problem more than one national programme is encountering. A prototype has been evaluated by Sweden's FMV (Defence Materiel Administration) on a Swedish Army Strv 122 (Leopard 2A5) MBTs. new systems with the very latest technology. the libiquitous computer. it is a modular system capable of mounting a 0. As well as offering a direct power source for the various electronic systems carried by the soldier. Delaware) under the FY06 Defense Acquisition Program. These currently comprise a TV camera with continuous zoom lens (allowing good target recognition and identification) and a thermal imager can be incorporated for night use. The company's immediate target customer is the Turkish Navy and it can also be adapted for AFV use. lightweight. They wil all be contacted during the course of the year. The more batteries required to operate such systems means more weight for the new land warrior to carry. as fifted to SAS Makhanda jor trials (RDL) 1132703 station on display at 1123738 The PSLL combined commander's sight and remote weapon stdon installed in pkxe of the original commander's sight on Swedish Army Stw 122 MBTat Skovde. One of the contract's requirements.the US has such programmes in place for the M1 Abrams Main Battle Tank (MBTs) and the MUM3 Bradley familiy of AFVs. The problem for the soldier is.Soldier Warrior (Fort Beivoir. septen. the low-radar profde turret's integral fuecontrol sensors feature a thermal camera (in this case an Aselsan 8 to 12 p. this fuel cell also includes smart circuitry to recharge batteries. It is intended to provide the tank commander with improved situational awareness and increased ~rotection. This is a sensor/weapon platform mounted on a telescopic mast whieh is fitted on the tank turret in place of the commander's sight. No-one will admit it outright but it is there. aboard the Warrior-class missile fast attack craft. Typical of the genre but with an ingenious configuration is the Panoramic Low-Signature Sight (PLSS) RWS from Saab Systems. of course. Moving to Armoured Fighting Vehicle (AFV) systems. high-power. Similar in configuration to the OTO Melara 12. for use by the US Navy on the Raytheon Mk 15 Phalanx CIWS Block 1B upgrade. there is more night-vision capability in the front line now than twc years ago.5-in (as displayed) or 7. protection (gas mask. displacing the existing Thales UK product (the HDTI 5-2F thermal imager). The US Army's Program Manager . A laser range-finder can also be mounted. Apart from the mainstream of defence contractors in this particular niche. Once qualified. of course. Some. Of course the reality is that there will never be quite enough to satisfy the soldier but in truth. the thermal imager could be an uncooled or a cooled unit. weight . there were about a dozen companies. It is claimed to have demonstrated very good accuracy against small targets and also showed potential as an additional observation channel using the mount's sensors. More countries an adopting equivalent projects which are aimed to bring the infantryman i n t ~ the Network Centric world.dual field-of-view cooled thermal camera) and Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) TV camera (of customer choice) plus an optional laser range-finder. new to Jane's.7 mm remote turret. agents for the primes but others appeared to be bringing new designs into the market.the soldier is now being tasked with carrying individual communications. L m SYSTEMS The week before completing this overview. the intention is to fit each of the SAWS four Valourclass patrol corvettes with four Rogues for close-in protection in asymmetric warfare conditions. The addition of RCWS (or RWS) also moves forward. the naval version has been successfulIy trialled.62 mm heavy machine gun or 40 mm automatic grenade launcher. The system may also be later fitted to other SAN ships for the same purpose. In another May 2006 announcement. Originally developed as an overhead mounting for AFVs. night-visionlvidw sensors (which brings the subject into this tome) and. Sweden. Looking at the front line soldier brings the various projects for what i! referred to as 'Soldier Modemisation' into focus. with TI an integral part of the the sensor suite. of course. Apart from the pamphernalia of 'soldiering' durable clothing and boots. The announcement (on 20 June 2006) that the UK's QinetiQ and ABSL Power Solutions LM have received a contract to mature technology for the next generatiort of portable power systems from the UK Ministry of Defence (MOD) Dismounted Close-Combat Integrated Project Team adds weight to the assertion. DRS Technologies has received a contract from Raytheon Missile systems to supply a thermal imager. This rather specific aside serves to confirm my belief in the growth of th~ night-vision market. Then is nothing l i e operational applicationsto emphasise the need for increasing numbers of in-production systems and. according to QinetiQ is "for a man-portable infantry power supply that should deiiver dramatic improvements in energy density to support future modem soldier requirements for the UK MOD". the trend of introducing the latest third-generation TI sensors in place of existing earlier generation thermal sensors and into f i o n t r o l systems continues unabated . to be fair. depending on customer requirements. as a temporary installation. the editor spent three days at the Eurosatory land-systems exhibition in Paris. however.all this electronic gadgetry requires power .EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW Technologies for qualifkation purposes. soldier-wearable power source developed by DuPont (Wilrnington. helmet and body amour). were acting as The Rogue remote gun station. that were promoting night-vision or laser products of one description or another. One. Virginia) is also aware of this problem and is currently evaluating an advanced. . in place of the lamp. using xenon arc lamps are no Resolution (lphnm).024 pixel. most From missiles to defences against missiles and evolution of the ANIAAQ24fv) Dire& InfraRed CounterMeasures (DIRCM) has seen importantly identified by the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and the I tube is classified the original variants. Regarless of the fact whether the I longer in production. he said.EXECUTIVE OVERVIEVL As a result of this experience and subsequent further trials. a proportion of The Guardiancivil counterWPADS pod mounted on an MD-I1 airliner. Accordiug to the company. In the world of missile IR seekers. The main technical difference between second generation (Gen 2) and while the cooled market was about 7 per cent. At any given time. Seen as a way to improve pilot visibility in reduced visibility. but performance does". the concept b w n as Pathfmder . by one from the US Army's NVESD. Part of Sofradir's future business strategy. equipment.the cure of any thermal camera . Vloon considers users Meadows. developed as part of the Arrowhead upgrade for the AH-64D Apache Longbow. it has no formal requirement or funding stream. the market continues to grow. known as Nemesis. New Jersey) was awarded a Defense Advand Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Microsystems Technology Offtce contract to develop a 1. Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 Ii [I21 jeos.jartes.-digital read-obt integrated circuits. improved capability for the other type for the comparatively modest modification cost. according to Lockheed Martin. This would allow extended use of the system itself. to design. special and airborne system is the nurent production model at Northrop Chmman (Rolling operations. partly to install the equipment to produce the detector material by a process known as molecular beam epitaxy. The work focuses on development of an improved Readout Integrated Circuit (ROIC) architecture which is backwards iowdinb ftom the sniper pod flying stand-oflsurveillanc~(Lockheed Martin) 1 l58lrU) compatible with older imaging technologies. and is flying on an MD-11 (which is longer for Gen 2). Image Intensifier tubes are the heart of many foreseeable future. Speaking with Ben Vloon of Photonis-DEP. Dr Wppe systems. dual-wavelength (visible and short-wave IR) Focal Plane Array (FPA) using uncooled Indium Gallium Arsenide (InGaAs) technology with a pixel pitch of 15 pm. Speaking with the Editor in March 2006. which uses the solid-state diadspumped Nd:YAG Viper laser as the jamming source. not the performance of the if tube". enhanced situational awareness and can impEowe the spec$ of reaction to timesensitive targets. including 'browndut' and 'white-out' situations. countermeasures. The search for better clarity in thermal images.paztidarly in urban environments.will grow by at least 10 per cent if~llluallyfor the KEY TEGHPJOLOGIES In the field of night vision. imaging seekers'*e "Performance" is usually defined by a bmad set of parameters. The work has been csrried out by the company's seeker division. it is the performatlce that makes a tube's value for money ANIAAQ24(V)13 Large aircraft InfraRed CounterMeasures (LADRCM) and what makes it a safety tool in today's close combat. adding that Sofradir is presently expandiig its facilities in Grenoble. he said. while the laser 1158141 maintenance. The video downlink allows troops on the ground to simultaneously view the same display as the. In September 2005. Vloon is airliner. The company devotes 8.080 pixel) short-wave IR night-vision cameras. and bi-colour/"i-spectral arrays. getting bombs on t q e t faster than previous methis have allowed. although they continue in service. Bensussan said.. in Princeton. he emphasised that explained that the 10 per cent figure covered both cooled and uncooled IR it is important for users and buyers to not only look at the generation of the detectors. The as Gen 2 or Gen 3. The view from France's Sofradir is that the world market for IR detectors . After the two basic indicators ( S M and lplmm).5 per cent of sales revenue to its research and development efforts. While the US Army is showing great interest in Pathfinder. New Hampshire) is the other contender in the battle for civil airline confident in his assertion that ''production methodofogies do not create the advantage for users during their mission. Illinois). pilot in his cockpit. tube. Another Lockheed Martin initiative involves an unsolicited proposal to and utility helicopters with the Modemised Pilot's Night Vision equip System (M-PNVS).000 x 1.com . To the lefi those helicopters would be out-of-service awaiting or undergoing scheduled can be seen one of the four missile approach w a m r antennae. "is simply the difference in production methodology. "series production costs of the MADRID seeker will be mund 20 to 30 per cent lower than that of other third generation (Gen 3). via an L 3 Communications B ground-based receiver.not to be confused with an earlier product based on the navigation pod from the company's LANTIRN system) takes the M-PNVS element of Arrowhead and mounts it on a tactical transport helicopter..280 x 1. the acceptance in October 2005 of the MBDA U A D m (Mquette a'Autodirecteur Infra Rouge) strapdown IR seeker module by the French Delegation General pour I'Armenwnt (DGA) marks the return o f the company to the IR seeker domain. was to "introduce new technology". BAE Systems' Integrated Electronic Warfare Systems (Nashua. with its JetEye system flying on a Boeing 767. the M-PNVS jamming turret protrudes beneath (Northrop G~mman) portion of the ApacWs system can be easily 'cross-decked' to the other helicopter t y p e . and buyers should also take into account the size of any halo effect (which in podded fonn and known as Guardian. formed from is acquisition of Alenia Marconi (Dynamics). Sensors Unlimited (now the Goodrich Corporation's Optical and Space Systems division. A variant of this. and involves the development of tube with a high SNR (lef) and a low SNR (rtght) 1(PhOtonis-DW) a large format 1R detector that has simplified the haming head lineof-sight system.000 pixels upwards) with reduced pixel pitch. International users of the AH-64D have also expressed interest. This includes larger sized arrays (1.920 x 1. is being evaluated by the US is smaller in Gen 2 tubes). develop and deliver an InGaAs FPA for use in highdefinition (1. While there are many different systems which use II tubes. the company has received a contract to retrofit video downlinks to the Sniper pod. Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of the company. The Pathffnder concept is initially focussed on operators of AH-64Ds already acquiring the Arrowhead system. the availability of additional features like Department of Homeland Security contract in the Counter-MANPADS autogated power supply units (which are available in Gen 2) and Iifetime (man-ponable air defence system) programme. This award was followed in January 2006. Moving across to TI. in terms of denser arrays (such as reducing the pitch between individual detectors) progresses in the United States. with the uncooled market growing at a rate of some 22 per cent. providing most of the performance of today's night vision Bensussan. By fitting an adaptor on cargdutility helicopters. This ability offers troops on the manpack Rover l &round. they are not separate images.15 m)fisJiing boat krken @ WUops Islrurd d Virgutra. just the same image m t m d to various ll3O3O4 angles (hlrheed Martin] . Look carefilly and you can achuiIIy make orrt the antennae of the boat in &ition to splashes of water next to &e cpft and the boat's wake.EXECUTIVE OVERVIEW msei B a &ow a sin& LkDaR image of a mving 33ft (16. I fw rmnge was rmznjzanr a m s e O J (ratu~ 500m andprovi&s remarkable &mil. of the seeker data . The m111tlple images illustrate the 'ro~tional'abilitj. With the incorporation of JDU in Intemtional Defence Review in June 2003. Bill Sweetman and Tony Watts. under the watchful eye of Melanie Rovexy. R. As always. Together with Giinter Endres. and among his other solo published works are Sky Guardians . he became IDR's Upgrades Editor and began work on Jane's Electro-Optic Systems. Michael J Gething 26 June 2006 Michael J ing. then please let me know. MClJ Michael J Gething has been an aviationldefence journalist and editor since 1973. . Ken Munson. A MRAeS. Michael also belongs to Air-Britain and the Air Power Association. newspaper of the Air Training Corps. In October 1976. Richard Jones. research and development establishanex& and expert individuals who have provided information to Jane's EIedrQIoptic System. Martin Streetiy. he moved to DEFENCE magazine where he spent 17 years. Between 1972 and 1979. Air Power 2000 and F-IS Eagle. E. Joris Janssen Lok. professionalism and sheer hard work. To Edward (Dick) Downs.Acknowledgements This product would never happen without the input. before joining Jane's Information Group in December 1993 to edit Jane's Defence Systems Modernisation. As we moved to the hardcopy production. Richard Scott. particularly those who were in receipt of urgent requests for clarification of specific points as we moved towards deadline. Should something have slipped through the net. Doug Richardson. he has recently produced the two editions of Jane's Aircrafi Recognition Guide. Daniel's internal pmmotictn resulted in him 'handing the baton' to Rebecca Davies for the final proofing stages. I appreciate your dedication. but you know who you are and I offer. again. I thank you for sharing and debating your particular knowledge with me. Christopher P. Richard Stickland. On the production side itself these pages would not appear without the contribution of Jack Brenchley. this evolved into Jane's Defence Upgrades. eight of them as Editor. the imageprocessing team and the CMS suppot tam I. Michael produced the aircraft modelling and aviation interest pages for Air Cadet News. E q M y important are those involved in the output of the product at Jane's Coulsdon HQ. He was also the last editor of the Ai@ Magazine in 1993. Foss. For most of this production year. armed forces. I have worked closely with Daniel Cadty as my main content editor. when he joined the staff of the Royal Aeronautical Society's publication Aerospace. the bottom line of responsibility remains with the Editor myself. help and cooperation of those manufacturers. who have fed me information and answered specific o r general questions as I process the words. I am indebted to my 'content-gathering' colleagues at Jane's within the new desk organisations. Rupert Pengelley. in which he served as a Flying Officer in the Training Branch of the Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve (1972-1986). In 1997. He is married with a son (in the RAF) and a daughter and lives in deepest Sussex. To the in-house industry information gathering team. (Ted) Hooton. An Associate Member of the Royal Aeronautical Society and a Member of the Chartered Institute of Journalists. There are too many to name individually. Thanks also to the senior management team of Jonathan Grevatt. as always. However.the Air Defence of Great Britain. offer grateful thanks for guiding me through the labyrinth of procedures and protacols. Sean Howe and Sara Morgan. my gratefd thanks. . 365 days a year. Jane's online service For sheer timeliness. accuracy and scope. extensive qontent and total control.B t /I . defence. providing you with easy access. sptiand w d sew& %D in intwwl presentaW~ . Jane's online service is subscription based and gives you instant access to Jane's information and expert analysis 24 hours a day. transport. wherever you have access to the Internet. nothing matches Jane's online service www.com is the most comprehensive open-source intelligence resource on the Internet. 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(see Materials section) Commercial Off-The-Shelf Cathode Ray Tube (display) Continuous Wave Defensive Aids System Direct Current Direction Finding Dual FoV (Field-of-View) Directed/Directional IR Countermeasure The bending of light beams away from each other.(or Hyper) Velocity Missile HVM Intensified CCD (CCD TV camera with image ICCD intensifying stage) Infantry Combat Vehicle ICV Integrated Detector/Cooler Assembly IDCA Improvised Explosive Device ED Interrogation Friend or Foe I F F Infantry Fighting Vehicle IFV I1 or IZ Image intensifier(d) Imaging IR (as distinct from earlier generation scanned IIR. Control. Communications. Gen 3 introduced improved 3-V (GaAs) photocathodes.a US I1 tube specification used to FOM qualify exportability. or as a taper to couple an image intensifier to a CCD camera) Figure of Merit . edited by J S Accetta and D L Shumaker. Volume 5 of this set is particularly relevant.Glossary This glossary deals with technical terms only and not standard SI or other units. names of organisations. For further technical detail. or of specific programmes. often used in LRF receivers) Area Radar Prediction Analysis A thin film of material applied to an optical surface to reduce the reflectivity and increase the transmission of radiation through the surface Anti-Surface Warfare AntiSubmarine Warfare Anti-Tactical Ballistic Missile Anti-Tank Guided Missile (almost synonymous with ATGW) Anti-Tank Guided Weapon Beryllium Oxide (see Materials section) Built-In Test Built-In Test Equipment Command and Control Command. Computers and Intelligence Close Air Support Charge Coupled Device (solid-state TV imaging detector chip) see note below on video standards ClosedCircuit TV Circular Error Probability (a measure of the accuracy of bomb or missile targeting) Command and Information Centre (on a ship) Close-In Weapons System Cannon-Launched Guided Projectile Command to Line of Sight (guidance mode of a missile) Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Cadmium Mercury Telluride. with a display for the user) Frequency Modulation Fibre Optic (sometimes used in the form of a twister to invert an image. a commonly used IR detector material. Control. A confusing variety of proprietary names are also used such as Supeffien and Gen 2 Super Global Positioning System GPS Horizontal (referring to FoV) H High-Energy (warhead explosive) HE High-Energy Anti-Tank (ammunition) HEAT High-Energy Laser HEL High-Explosive Squash Head (ammunition) HESH HF High-Frequency Helmet-Mounted Display HMD Holographic Optical Element HOE Head-Up Display HUD High. calculated on resolution (line pairs per millimetre) x signal-to-noise ratio Field-of-View FoV Focal Plane Array (as opposed to a scanned array) FPA Gallium Arsenide (see Materials section) GaAs Germanium (see Materials section) Ge Gen (or GEN) 1. also known as MCT. The generations of image intensifiers used in NVG. published by SPIElERIM (1993). Earliest electrostatically focused Gen 1 tubes had low 3 gain. the latter will be found in the general index. AA AAM AAW ABC Absorption coefficient AC ACLOS AEW AFY AGC AGL Angle of elevation AP APDS APFSDS APC APD ARPA Anti-reflection coating ASuW ASW ATBM ATGM ATGW Be0 BIT BITE CZ c31 c41 CAS CCD CCIR CCTV CEP CIC CIWS CLGP CLOS CMOS CMT Anti-Aircraft Air-tc-Air Missile Anti-Air Warfare Automatic Brightness Control (for image intensifiers) Fraction of energy absorbed per unit pathlength Alternating Current Automatic Command to Line of Sight (guidance mode of a missile) Airborne Early Warning (aircraft) Armoured Fighting Vehicle Automatic Gain Control Above Ground Level (height of an aircraft) The angle between the line of sight and the horizontal plane Armour-Piercing (ammunition) Armour-Piercing Discarding Sabot (ammunition) Armour-Piercing FinStabilised Discarding Sabot (ammunition) Armoured Personnel Canier Avalanche Photodiode (provides higher gain than PIN diode detector. 12R IR systems) Indium Antimonide (see Materials section) InSb Indium Gallium Arsenide (see Materials section) InGaAs Inertial Navigation System INS infra-red IR IRCCD infra-red CCD IR Counter Countermeasure (capability to resist IRCM) IRCCM IR Countermeasure IRCM IR Focal Plane Array IRFPA EMC EMD EM1 EO EO detector COTS CRT CW DAS DC DF DFoV DIRCM Divergence ECCM ECM EFL EFT Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 . for example by a lens Electronic Counter Countermeasure (capability to resist ECM) Electronic Countermeasure Effective Focal Length Explosively Formed Projectile(type of missile warhead) Electromagnetic Compatibility Engineering and Manufacturing Development Electromagnetic Immunity electrooptic(a1) A component that detects radiation by the effect of light in generating an electrical signal EO Counter Countermeasure (capability to resist EOCCM EOCM) EOCM EO Countermeasure EOD Explosive Ordnance Disposal ERA Explosive Reactive Armour Er:Glass Erbium:Glass (see Materials section) ESM Electronic Support Measures EW Electronic Warfare The ratio of the focal length of a lens to its diameter F (or f) number Forward Air Controller FAC Fast Attack Craft FAC FireControl System FCS Fibre-Distributed Data Interface rnDI Fast Fourier Transform FFr FIR Far Infra-Red (the 15 to 1. an excellent reference text is " The Znfra-Red and Electro-Optical Systems Handbook ". Gen 2 introduced MCP for much higher gain. Because of the potential for confusion between different video standards and different measures of image resolution. some further notes on these topics are provided at the end of this glossary. 2. A few words of explanation are provided where appropriate.000 pm band) Forward Looking infra-red (typically a fixeddirection FLIR narrow-FOV system. goodrich.right attitudelright approach/right alongside www.oss.com . THE LEADERS IN InGaAs TECHNOLOGY . Targeting. forming a perfect crystal. The attacking missile launched from a platform which can be some distance from the designator. special forces. usually quoted in "C or K at a given image resolution expressed in Iplmrad). in that it is a measure of contrast sensitivity defined as equivalent to the electronic noise level of the receivcr) Narrow Field-of-View (for system having more than one FoV) Naval Gunfire Support NIC NIIRS NIR NLOS NVB NVG OEM OLED OPO OTA PbSe PC PC PDA PCM PIN PIR PN PNVG PPI PRF PST PV QWIP RAM Raman effect Near Infrared Camera National Imagery Interpretation Rating Scale (US) Near Infra-Red (the 0. Intelligence. LiTaO. the primary destination of the image information is a computer rather than a display screen and autotracking functions are built in). also. through a narrow nozzle. then the frequencies of the Raman scattered photons maintain constant frequency differences from v Radar Cross Section Radar Frequency Rolled Homogeneous Armour Root Mean Square Region of Interest (within an optical window) Read-Out Integrated Circuit Remotely Piloted Vehicle (see also UAV) Radar Warning Receiver Semi-Automatic CLOS (guidance mode of a mi\sile) Semi-Active Laser (missile guidance using laser designation) Surface-to-Air Missile Synthetic Aperture Radar System Design and Development (equivalent to EMD) Sensor Fused Weapon Single Lens Reflex (camera) Self-Propelled Signal Processing In The Element (a proprietary technique performing on-chip signal integration in a scanned IR detector) Standard Positioning Service (relating to GPS) Shop Replaceable Unit Submarine (ballistic missile.see. A cooling technique which uses the expansion of High-pressure gas. the laser illuminates the target with a coded signal. part of the light is scattered in all directions. usually nitrogen or argon.4 pm band) Non Line-of-Sight Night Vision Binocular Night Vision Goggle Original Equipment Manufacturer Organic Light-Emitting Diode Optical Parametric Oscillator (non-linear crystal. By forcing the gas. has a laser sensor which detects the reflected code signal from the target and provides the homing signal to guide the missile to the target An instrument to measure the range of a target I. Surveillance and Reconnaissance Intelligence. Surveillance. Acquisition and Reconnaissance Joule Thomson (cooler for IR detector).7 to 1.ight Armoured Vehicle Liquid Crystal Display Light Emitting Diode Lithium Fluoride (see Materials section) Lithium Niobate (see Materials section) Lithium Tantalate (see Materials section) Low-Level Air Defence System Low-Light Level TV Lock-On After Launch Lock-On Before Launch Long Range Oblique Photographic Line-of-Sight Liquid Phase Epitaxy (method of manufacturing IR detectors) Laser Rangefinder Line Replaceable Unit Laser Spot Tracker Laser Target Designator Long-Wave Infra-Red (the 8 to 12 pm band . The frequency of much of the scattered light is identical to the frequency of the incident beam. The deposition of one or more pure materials onto a single crystal wafer.sometimes stretching to 8 pm) Nuclear. used for shifting laser wavelength) Overfly Top-Attack (anti-armour missile attack mode) Lead Selenide (see Materials section) Personal Computer Photoconductive (mode of operation of a photodetector) Photodiode Array Prccision Guided Munition (often SAL guided) Positive-Intrinsic-Negative (type of semiconductor photodiode structure) Passive Infra-Red Proportional Navigation (guidance mode of a missile) Panoramic NVG (or WFoV NVG) Plan Position Indicator (radar display) Pulse Repetition Frequency Lead Scandium Tantalate (see Materials section) Photovoltaic (mode of operation of a photodetector) Quantum Well Infra-red Photodetector Radar-Absorbing Material When light is scattered through a transparent material. the gas expands and absorbs heat causing its surroundings to cool Kinetic Energy (of a munition or weapon) Potassium Titanate Phosphate (see Materials section) Local Area Network An instrument for weapon delivery applications. Main Battle Tank Manual CLOS (guidance mode of a missile) Mine Countermeasures (ship) Microchannel Plate Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) . Mean Time Between Failures Moving Target indication Mean Time To Repair Mid-Wave Infra-Red (the 3 to 5 pm band . nuclear powered) Diesel-electric powered submarine Single-Shot Kill Probability Submarine (attack. under ultra-high vacuum. for example KTP. Biological and Chemical Neodymium:Glass (see Materials section) Neodymium:Potassium Gadolinium Tungstate (see Materials section) Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (see Materials section) Non-Developmental Item Noise Equivalent lrradiance Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (differs from MRTD. LL ADS LLTV. If the frequency v of the incident light is varied. A part of the scattered light has frequencies different from the frequency of the incident beam by values related to thc emission or absorption energies of the atoms or molecules of the scattering material.sometimes stretching to 15 pm) Laser Warning ReceiverISystem Man-Portable Air Defence System Molecular Beam Epitaxy.4 to 3 ptn band) Tactical Ballistic Missile Time Delay and Integration Transporter-Erector-Launcher (for TBM) A cooling technique which exploits the 'Peltier Effect' by which current flowing across a junction between two dissimilar materials causing one material to heat while the other cools Thermal ImagerIImaging Thermal Imaging Common Module Thermal Imaging System Time of Flight Television TV Lines (a measure of iniage resolution) Travelling Wave Tube Unmanned Aerial Vchiclc Ultra-High Frequency Universal Transverse Mercator Ultra-violet (wavelengths shorter than 400 nm) ISR ISTAR KE KTP LAN Laser designator Laser range-finder LAV LCD LED LiF LiNbO. nuclear powered) Short-Wave Infra-Red (the 1.GLOSSARY IRLS IRST IR Line Scan IR Search and Track (differs from FLlR in that the FoV is mechanically steerable in the direction of choice. CMT and the Materials section Mid-Life Update ManNachine Interface Metal Organic Vapour Phase Deposition (method of manufacturing IR detectors) Minimum Resolvable Temperature Difference (a subjective measure of the thermal contrast sensitivity of an IR system including its display. one layer of atoms at a time. This part is called Raman scattering. LLLTV LOAL LOBL LOROP LoS LPE LRF LRU LST LTD LWlR LWRLWS MANPADS MBE RCS RF RHA RMS ROI ROIC RPV RWR SACLOS SAL SAM SAR SDD SFW SLR SP SPRITE MBT MCLOS MCM MCP MCT MLU MMI MOVPE MRTD (or MRT) MTBF MTI MTTR MWlR NBC Nd:Class Nd:KGW SPS SRU SSBN SSGN SSK SSKP SSN SWIR TBM TDI TEL Thermo-electric cooling NDI NEI NETD (or NET) NFoV NGS TI TICM TIS ToF TV TVL TWT UAV UHF UTM uv Jane's Electro-Optic S y s t e m s 2006-2007 . nuclear powered) Submarine (land-attack. o n e thousandth of a radian .54 pm eye-safe lasers. VIDEO STANDARDS Video standards are set by bodies such as the CCIR and EIA. Equivalent t o C C I R System 1 RS-170.5 per cent). European broadcast standard (625 lines. that is. A dielectric ceramic semiconductor material Beryllium oxide (BeO) with high electrical resistivity and high thermal conductivity Cadmium Mercury Telluride (CdHgTe or CMT) A material which is sensitive to 1R radiation and which generates an electrical output when stimulated. Made in PV or PC variants A lasing medium for 1. in angular terms Linear and angular scales are related to each other through the focal length of the system. offering exceptionally good pyroelectric figures of merit. rcferred t o the linear image size Iplmrad o r cyclmrad. 60 fieldsls. and range from approximately 400 nm (or 0. 0.064 p m Uses include laser rangetinding and laser radar A non-linear crystal used for laser frequency or wavelength shifting Commonly known as vanadium pentoxide. Yttrlurn aluminium garnet doped with neodymium is the lasing medium of the Nd:YAG laser. 2:l interlace).0573") mil (1 mil is 116400 o f a circle. 0. Also known as MCT.4 pm) in the blue to 700 nm (0.054 pm (using phosphate glass). Monochrome video (525 lines. that is.300 to 1.7 pm) in the red.Bright sunlight A shiny semi-conductor material used for windows and lenses in infra-red imaging systems A semiconductor material used as an infra-red detector for radiation of wavelengths of 1 to 6 prn (near to mid-wave IR) A semiconductor material used as an infra-red detector for near infra-red wavelengths of 1. CCIR (Comite Consultatif des Radio CommunicationIInternational Radio Consultative Committee) E I A (Electronic Industries Association (US).I. Produce R S (recommended standards) Standards in common usage include: CCIR. comparable to RS-170 RS-330. but the definition may be stated in ternis of the width at half maximum (that is. visible and infrared. this material has a high thermal coefficient of resistance. The laser wavelength is 1.9") Image resolutions may he expresued as: T V lines (per picture height) Iplmm (line pairs per m m ) o r cyclmm (cycles per mm). Typical ambient light levels range through: (a) l o r 4 . Nd:KGW is an efficient Raman converter and well-suited for diode-pumped lasers. 50 per cent amplitude). Used in extremely high power -(Terawatt scale). almost equal t o I mrad) grad (1 grad is 11100 o f a right angle. OlTering 30010 more output compared to Nd:YAG. used outside U S and Japan (625 line. Set of C C T V standards. that is.067 pm laser. 50 fieldsls.) (d) 1 0 . or lie' points (13. Ultra-violet wavelengths are less than 400 nm. the width at 90 per cent points. Broadcast standard in U S and Japan.unit of luminance of a source used m the US. Colour.) Mercury Cadmium Telluride (MCT) Neodymium:glass (NdGlass) Neody~niuni:potassit~m gadolinium tungstate (Nd:KGW) Wavelength Wavelengths in the visible region are usually expressed in nm (nanometres (10-" m).0562S0. The most common IR detector material. 50 o r 60 fieldsls) Materials Some of the common materials are mentioned in the preceding plmsary listing. l. Neodymium:YAG (Nd:YAG) Lux .062 pm (using silicate glass) and 1.I mrad being approximately 0. Lithium Niohate is used as a pyroelectric material in pyroelectric infrared detectors A pyroelectric material used for pyroelectric infra-red detectors The same as Cadmium Mercury Telluride (CdHgTe or CMT) A high power solid-state laser. hut a separate summary here is thought helpful.8 pm A crystalline ferroelectric material with very high electrwptic and piezoelectric coefficients. Similar t o R S 170 (525 lines.43 fL) is generally wed. sensitive to the infrared portion of the spectrum covering wavelengths of 1 to 7 pni A crystalline material used for windows and other components in the Ultra-violet. Angle may he denominated in: degrees (") mrad (milliradians. 5 0 Hz) NTSC. A polycry~tallinematerial which transmits in the infrared spectrum foot-Lamhert (fL) . The laser wavelength is 1.the S. High-resolution monochrome C C T V (875 lines.GLOSSARY v VCR VHF VLSI v205 WFoV WRA ZnS Vertical (referring to FoV) Video Cassette Recorder Very High Frequency Very Large Scale Integration (of electronic circuits) Vanadium Oxide (see Materials section) Wide Field-of-View (for system having more than one FOV) Weapon Replaceable Assembly (US term for LRU qv) Zinc Sulphate (see Materials section) Germanium (Ge) Indium Antimonide (InSb) Indium Gallium Arsenide (InCaAs) Lead Scandium Tantalate (PST) UNITS Angle Fields+f-view and resolutions of EO systems may he expressed in a variety of different units. especially for small uncooled LWIR detectors. with a characteristic pink tinge A semiconductor material used as an infra-red detector ErbiumGlass (Er:Glass) Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 . Elsewhere Candeldm2 (approximately 3. It has very high transmittance from 140 nm (in the UV) to its infrared absorption edge at 1. Equivalent t o RS-170A PAL. Lead Selenide (PhSe) Lithium Fluoride (LiF) Lith~umNiobate (LiNhO. infra-red wavelengths tend to he denominated in pm (micrometres (lo-" m) or microns.Twilight ( e ) 10" Overcast day - Zinc Sulphide (ZnS) (f) l o 5 . I pm = 1000 nm). lie points (37 per cent). unit of illumination. high energy (Megajoules) multiple-beam systems A high power solid-state 1.a\er heamwidths are often expressed in mrad. 2: 1 interlace) RS-343A.Overcast (starlit) sky ( b ) lo-' Starlight (c) lo-' Full moon - Potassium Titanate Phosphate (KTP) Vanadium Oxide (VzO.) Lithium Tantalate (LiTaO. 60 fieldsls. 2:l interlace) RS-170A.550 nm A ferroelectric thermal detector material. A photoconductive detector material. so is used as a detector material in bolometers and microbolometer arrays for thermal imaging. ...... Oregon 97070.... guarantees or representations............ 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United States .Alphabetical list of advertisers Aselsan PO BOX 101... CH-9435 Heerbrugg....... conditions..... jeos. Turkey ............... Israel ............... Wilsonville............... [2] El-Op Advanced Technology Park......com [I91 Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 ...... Inc 3490 Route 1.................. including but limited to compliance with description and quality or fitness for purpose of the product or service... . NAVAL SYSTEMS . image intensifier or laser range-finder. however.NAVAL SYSTEMS . Guns Close in weapon systems with an inbuilt electro-optic sight and a gun with a high rate of fire. . or a scanning or imaging infra-red seeker in at least one variant of the missile class. Ship-launched missiles Surface-to-surface missiles Ship launched surface t o surface missiles with a laser seeker.SECTION SUMMARY This section includes electro-optic systems reported as deployed on naval vessels or developed for naval applications. primarily deployed for protection against seaskimming missile threats. Periscopes Search and attack periscopes. but excluding periscopes that d o not contain a thermal imager. Ship weapon control system Fire control Shipborne fire-control systems for guns and/or missiles that include a laser range-finder. Some systems may. Surveillance Shipborne electro-optic sensors used primarily for observation and surveillance and not specifically associated with weapon control systems. Laser warning systems Shipborne laser warners. Infrared search and track Shipborne scanning infra-red detection systems. thermal imager or image intensifying camera as either part of the fire-control system or an optional adjunct t o the fire-control system (see also surveillance systems in this section for closely related systems). Thermal imagers Thermal imagers that have been qualified for naval applications or are known to be used on shipborne systems. be used for limited control of light guns. Surface-to-air missiles Ship launched surface t o air missiles with a scanning or imaging infra-red seeker i n at least one variant of the missile class or with an electro-optic fire-control system or an optional electro-optic adjunct t o a radar fire-control system. Systems are grouped in the following subsections according to their type: Submarine weapon control systems Optronic masts Non-hull penetrating submarine masts. Ship countermeasure systems Laser dazzle systems Shipborne active laser countermeasures systems. Ship close-in weapon systems Surface-to-air missiles/guns Close in weapon systems with an electro-optic element and which combine a gun with a high rate of fire and a short range missile system. Description The SERO 14 and SERO 15 periscopes (qv) together comprise a modular system.5 to 10. Type Submarine optronic mast. The SERO 15 is installed into a hoisting device with streamlined fairing. the PARUS-98E optronic mast comprises a faired mast with gyro-stabilised line-of-sight and hydraulic hoisting. The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out of the true and relative bearing. The field-of-view of the visual channel varies by continuous zooming from 34 x 28" (horizontal by vertical) at x1. The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear side of this periscope allows the attachment of different types of cameras.5 x 6. a two-axis line-of-sight stabilisation for both the visual and the laser channels. a laser range-finder. alternatively a digital and/ or small film camera (35 mm). continuous zoom of the visual image with click-stop magnifications at x1. The SERO 14 is installed into a hoisting mast with streamlined fairing.5. alternatively LLLTV camera. ensuring periscope operation under submarine speeds up to 10kt. remote-control capabilities from a combat system console and integration facilities on top for a wide variety of antennas. efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter).5" (horizontal by vertical) at x6 magnification. efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter) and remote-control capabilities from a combat system console. The following options are available: CCDTV camera. CCDTV camera. Navigation (GPS) and communication (UHFNHF) antenna. a controller with video viewer and system recorder for the panoramic sight. The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +75". line-of-sight elevation angle. The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +60°. The SERO 15 (foreqround) a n d SERO 14 (behind) on board a Norweaian Ula class submari. The following options are available: Radar early warning antenna. a thermal imager with variable fields-of-view.The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear side of this periscope allows the attachment of different types of cameras. binocular viewing with geometrical beam splitting. Contractor Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH.5 and x6. Features of the optronic mast include day TV and low-light level TV channels with variable fields-of-view. target height and range. Jane's Electro-Ootic Svstems 2006-2007 Description The SERO 15 and SERO 14 (qv) periscopes together comprise a modular system. RAM coating. Operational status The SERO 15 periscope is in service aboard Norwegian Ula class submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new Type 212A submarines. plus the power supply.5 pm.5 magnification to 8. The SERO 14 (left) a n d SERO 15 (right) periscopes (Carl Zeiss Optronics) 0017501 19. In its basic configuration the SERO 15 features an integrated eyesafe laser range-finder on top of the periscope. In its basic configuration the SERO 14 features a two-axis line-of-sight stabilisation for both the visual and the infra-red (IR) channel. an ESM Warner. The CMT detector is of the IRCCD 9 6 x 4 type with 2 : l interlace (number of lines 576.5 magnification to 4 x 3" (horizontal by vertical) at x12 rnagnification. line-of-sight elevation angle.e 0007234 Elektropribor PARUS-98E optronic mast Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 15 TYpe Periscope system.990 m . Operational status The SERO 14 periscope is operational in the Norwegian Ula class submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new Type 212A submarines. binocular viewing with geometrical beam splitting of the visual channel with magnifications at x1. target height and range. alternatively LLLTV camera. RAM coating. Contractor Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out of the true and relative bearing. pixels per line 768). Description Part of the Unified Periscope System. The field-of-view of the visual channel amounts t o 36 x 28" (horizontal by vertical) at x1. The IR channel is equipped with an Ophelios Gen 2 thermal camera (qv) in the wavelength region of 7. The laser channel is equipped with an eye-safe Raman-shifted Nd:YAG laser. and an amplified antenna t o receive GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation system signals.SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS OPTRONIC MASTS Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 14 TYpe Periscope system. x6 and x12. The maximum target range indicated amounts to . alternatively a digital and/ or small film camera (35 mm). Contractor Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. The maximum target range indicated amounts to . Operational status The SERO 15 periscope is in service aboard Norwegian Ula class submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new Type 212A submarines. alternatively LLLTV camera. target height and range.5 x 6. remote-control capabilities from a combat system console and integration facilities on top for a wide variety of antennas. alternatively a digital and/ or small film camera (35 mm). x6 and x12. a laser range-finder.5 and x6. The laser channel is equipped with an eye-safe Raman-shifted Nd:YAG laser. a controller with video viewer and system recorder for the panoramic sight. binocular viewing with geometrical beam splitting of the visual channel with magnifications at x1.990 m . CCDTV camera. The field-of-view of the visual channel amounts t o 36 x 28" (horizontal by vertical) at x1.e 0007234 Elektropribor PARUS-98E optronic mast Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 15 TYpe Periscope system. line-of-sight elevation angle. The CMT detector is of the IRCCD 9 6 x 4 type with 2 : l interlace (number of lines 576.5 magnification to 4 x 3" (horizontal by vertical) at x12 rnagnification. Navigation (GPS) and communication (UHFNHF) antenna. a two-axis line-of-sight stabilisation for both the visual and the laser channels. Features of the optronic mast include day TV and low-light level TV channels with variable fields-of-view. The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear side of this periscope allows the attachment of different types of cameras. The SERO 15 is installed into a hoisting device with streamlined fairing. The SERO 14 (left) a n d SERO 15 (right) periscopes (Carl Zeiss Optronics) 0017501 19.5. binocular viewing with geometrical beam splitting. line-of-sight elevation angle. ensuring periscope operation under submarine speeds up to 10kt. The following options are available: Radar early warning antenna. an ESM Warner. Contractor Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. the PARUS-98E optronic mast comprises a faired mast with gyro-stabilised line-of-sight and hydraulic hoisting. The SERO 14 is installed into a hoisting mast with streamlined fairing. target height and range. continuous zoom of the visual image with click-stop magnifications at x1. The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out of the true and relative bearing. alternatively LLLTV camera. RAM coating. The following options are available: CCDTV camera. RAM coating. The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +75". The elevation prism ranges between -15 and +60°. In its basic configuration the SERO 14 features a two-axis line-of-sight stabilisation for both the visual and the infra-red (IR) channel. The IR channel is equipped with an Ophelios Gen 2 thermal camera (qv) in the wavelength region of 7. a thermal imager with variable fields-of-view. Jane's Electro-Ootic Svstems 2006-2007 Description The SERO 15 and SERO 14 (qv) periscopes together comprise a modular system. The field-of-view of the visual channel varies by continuous zooming from 34 x 28" (horizontal by vertical) at x1. Description The SERO 14 and SERO 15 periscopes (qv) together comprise a modular system. efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter) and remote-control capabilities from a combat system console.SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS OPTRONIC MASTS Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 14 TYpe Periscope system.The auxiliary eyepiece at the rear side of this periscope allows the attachment of different types of cameras. and an amplified antenna t o receive GPS and GLONASS satellite navigation system signals. The SERO 15 (foreqround) a n d SERO 14 (behind) on board a Norweaian Ula class submari.5 to 10. Operational status The SERO 14 periscope is operational in the Norwegian Ula class submarines and is in production for the German and Italian navies' new Type 212A submarines. Description Part of the Unified Periscope System.5" (horizontal by vertical) at x6 magnification.5 pm. The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out of the true and relative bearing. alternatively a digital and/ or small film camera (35 mm). plus the power supply. Type Submarine optronic mast. efficient optical range-finding system (stadimeter). pixels per line 768). In its basic configuration the SERO 15 features an integrated eyesafe laser range-finder on top of the periscope.5 magnification to 8. having agreed term the first five.4 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS Eye-safe Laser Range-finder. providing a hoisting mechanism for a variety of different sensors utilised by the US Navy. Calzoni SrL. Development Kollmorgen's photonics mast system approach was proven under . The Parus-98E optronic mast control console (left) and the mast sensc head (right) (Elektropribor) 104142 Operational status In production. The NPP system components include HDTV (monochrome). The sensor system includes a 1 eye-safe laser range-finder. is a modular structure with a telescopic two-stage fairing. Virginia (SSN 774). and will alsc build the third vessel. Kollmorgen/Calzoni Universal Modular Mast ( U M M ) TYpe Submarine mast. General Dynamics Electri Boat constructed the first of class. 2. In 1999. Features of the Photonics Mast Programme include: Colour television. ESM.54 p m Development The Universal Modular Mast from Kollmorgen and its Italian subsidiary. In service on unspecified Russian Navy submarines. Jane's Electrn-Ontic Svstems 7006-7007 The Calzoni nonpenetrating hoist mast for submarines 0505273 ions innos r n m . The programme was initiated in 1995 for application on the new 'Virginia' class SSNs (which are fitted with a bank of eight UMMs) with a development phase and three initial production units. Specifications Line-of-sight Stabilisation: Z-axis Azimuth: 360" Elevation (VIS): -15 to +74" Elevation (IR): -15 to <+55" Fields-of-view (v x h) 24 x 32" 9 x 12" 3 x 4" 1. Description The electro-optical sensor system for the US Navy 'Virginia' class SSP programme includes an eye-safe laser range-finder. ESM . Monochrome HDTV.The PMP (ANIBVS-I) is non-hull penetrating. Thermal imaging.The US Navy' total requirement is for 30 of the class.North Carolina (SSN 777).Omni-directional and DF monopulse. 5" (narrow) Thermal imaging channel Spectral band: 8-12 p m Fields-of-view: 8 x 12" (wide). In 1995 Kollmorgen w o n the Photonics Mas Programme (PMP) competition and is currently manufacturin! production units for the Virginia class SSN. In 1995. Kollmorgen Contractor Elektropribor (Russia). the DARPA system (NPP) was upgraded with new sensors new electronics and a remote-control console and installed on thi USS Phoenix (INPP). launched in August 2003 and delivered in June 2004 The vessel has begun sea trials and will be commissioned i~ October 2004.6 x 4" (narrow) Laser range-finder Wavelength: 1. and.5 x 2" Sensors IR B&W Colour Antennas Signature control Deplumer RAS Thermal Contractor Kollmorgen Electro-Optical. thermal imaging and a combat cons011 control. Kollmorgen ANIBVS-1 Photonics Mast Programme (PMP) Type Submarine photonics mast system. two high-definitio~ TVs (colour and monochrome) and a mid-wave staring infra-red senso in a single multispectral head window. Northrop Grumman Newport News is building the second Texas (SSN 775). and fourth . direction-finding and a communication antenna. Operational status In production for and in service with the US Navy'sVirginia class SSNs. Specifications D a y I L L L N channels Fields-of-view: 32" (wide). colourTV. It was mounted t o the Universal Modular Mast and installed 0 1 the USS Memphis. placed a multi-year contract for the following five il January 2004. DARPA Contract (NPP) in 1988. The Virginia was laid down il September 1999. Hawaii SSN 776. SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS 5 The sensor head o f a Universal Modular Mast above the surface (Kollmorgen) 0569770 alignment problems. followed by an order for 12 units in October 2002. while on 14 February 2000. radio and satellite communications and radar. the company received a US$13. t o complete the first two 'Virginia' class boats. with the last in January 2002. together with its door-opening mechanism (Kollmorgen) 0569768 was awarded a contract option for 14 units. a hydraulically operated mast ~hich is streamlined. The sensors and communication svstems in the mast include electrooptic imaging. Specifications Stabilisation: Z-axis135 milliradians RMS Line-of-sight elevation: TV: -10 to +74" Thermal: -10 t o +45' Fields-of-view TV: 24 x 32" (WFOV) 9 x 12" (MFOV) 3 x 4" ( N FOV) 1. ameliorates Operational status In production with 51 units in service with the US Navy Los Angeles class SSNs. The two-stage design allows for higher sensor positioning and height adjustments at periscope depth. a hoist cylinder and a closure-door mechanism. The use of a cartridge concept in which the faired mast. I High-definition monochrome and colour CCDTV cameras for daylight.5 million in 1988 by the US Defense Advanced Research Agency (DARPA) to develop the Model 86 non-hull penetrating optronic mast to fulfil the non-penetrating periscope (NPP) segment of DARPA's advanced submarine imagery system (ASIS) programme. showing the optronic head (Kollmorgen) 0569769 . ANIBLQ-10 electronic shpport measures. with survival to 16 kt Shock resistant: t o MIL-S-901 Mean time between failures: <20. meets requirements of M lL-A-23836 Contractor Calzoni S. Deliveries commenced in January 2001. A close-up o f the optronic head on one version o f the Universal Modular Mast. of using common subassemblies for different sensor payloads. The first t w o masts of this contract will be delivered in July 2004 and final deliveries made in August 2006. The Model 86 includes a sensor unit. Kollmorgen Model 86 optronic mast system Type Submarine mast Description Kollmorgen was awarded a contract worth US$3. It consists of a cartridge assembly including a structural module.000 hours.r. with minor changes. and the lmproved Romeo class SSKs of the Egyptian Navy.L. Eight will go to the fifth 'Virginia' class boat and eight (four each) to the first two 'Ohio' class SSBNs being converted t o SSGN configuration. connecting by an external cable t o an electronic nterface unit and a controlldisplay console internal t o the hull. for the advanced submarine bridge fine being developed by the US Navy.4 million contract from US Naval Sea Systems Command for 16 units.They system has since come into service with the Los Angeles class SSNs. Manual or automatic mast control with a 'quick-look' mode. low-light level and 'quick-look' viewing. or incorporated into the main combat consoles. The use of standard interface allows integration of a variety of above-water sensors and communications antennas t o be fitted to the mast system. Description The U M M is designed for extremely quiet operation and low maintenance costs. using the UMM. the Egyptian Government signed a US$15 million contract with Kollmorgen for four systems t o be retrofitted into the four lmproved Romeo class submarines. Kollmorgen Electro-Optical. Calzoni has proposed its integrated mast module. I Three-axis line of sight stabilisation to eliminate ship's motion and mast vibrations. a mast fairing subassembly. Integration is achieved via standard interface modules. Operational status In production for five US Navy's 'Virginia' class SSNs and t w o of the four 'Ohio' class SSGN conversions. Features of the optronic mast include: 1 3-5 or 8-12 v m thermal imaging sensor. Sensor nformation can be processed and displayed in a dedicated operating :onsole. A further eight units were ordered in 2001.5 x 2" (monochrome) One o f the Universal Modular Masts i n place on board a 'Virginia' class SSN.The mast was operationally tested aboard the USS Memphis SSN. Rotating sensor package (sealed statically) with quick response and low power consumption. bearings and hydraulic actuation are incorporated into a single unit. In January 2003. Specifications Operating speed: 12 kt. The modularity of the design enables easy and quick installation and de-installation from the platform and the possibility. ESM warning to detect radar threats. optoradar mast for the new-generation SSBN 0505171 .1 km) Contractor Kollmorgen Electro-Optical. A single mast for these dual functions reduces the possibility of detection.5 x 2" (NFOV) Monochrome camera: 1.6 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS SAGEM infra-red non-penetrating mast 0505170 O~erational status In production for several export customers. Description SAGEM's Optoradar Mast (OMS) combines the capabilities of SAGEM's optronic mast with the integration of a navigation radar.940 pixels (950TV lines) 3-chip colour camera: 480 x 640 pixels IR sensor: 8-12 p m FLlR or 3-5 v m FPA (256 x 256) Additional optional configurations include: Mission critical camera. The 360 m m diameter head includes X-band navigation radar.The reduced dimensions of t h ~ above-water component and of the radar cross-section area. Optronics and Airland Systems Division. a dual fieldof-view IRCCD thermal imaging system. An antenna modulc is integrated on top of the head t o provide ESM warning and GPS Passive range-finding is carried out on the controller's screen usin! the stadiametric technique. The SAGEM OMS. Azimuth stabilised surveillance can be presented on one of four range scales from 4 t o 32 km. Thc system is designed to be fitted on any type of non-hull penetratiy hoisting device. achieve( by careful design and by covering the exposed part of the per is cop^ (head) with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM). SAGEM Infra-red Mast (IMS) TVP~ Submarine mast. RASIRAM.035 x 1. a high-definition TV system with t w o magnifications. and one-axis gyro-stabilised line-of-sight. U p t o five targets can be tracked and automatic Masthead o f Model 86 optronic mast 008816 Thermal: 9 x 12" (WFOV) 3 x 4" (MFOV) 1. Contractor SAGEM SA. have both improve( submarines' capacity for covert operation while providing a day and nigh capability. laser range-finder (to 9. SAGEM Optoradar Mast (OMS) TVP~ Submarine mast. Description The Infra-red Mast (IMS) combines the caoabilities of SAGEM's non-hul penetrating masts while including a single infra-red channel. which use! SAGEM's IRIS 8 to 12 v m thermal camera. The main characteristics of IMS are a 210 m m diameter heac which includes two-axis gyro-stabilised line-of-sight and a dua field-of-view IRCCD thermal imaging system. As well as the direct view there arc panoramic surveillance and 'look around' modes of operation. As well as the direct view there are panoramic surveillance and 'look around' modes of operation. allowing the command team t o gain a complete above-water picture.The system has also been trialled on the Swedish Navy Vastergotland in 1993. The 320 m m diameter head includes a high-definition TV system with four fields-of-view/magnifications (x1. Optronics and Airland Systems Division. Images captured bv the system are complemented by advanced image manipulation and image &ocessing capabilities which further enhance the operational advantages of the system. Additionally. The system is designed to be fitted on any type of non-hull penetrating hoisting device. As well as the direct view there are panoramic surveillance and 'look around' modes of operation. Contractor Thales Optronics. Contractor SAGEM SA.5. radar. Reduction of the radar cross-section area has been achieved by covering the exposed part of the mast (head) with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM). high-definition monochrome television and colour television sensors. radar and thermal signatures. x3. satcom and communications packages. They offer a wide choice in sensor technology. a Royal Norwegian NavyType 207 SSK in 1994-95 and a South KoreanType 209 SSK in 1995. x6 and x12) and a dual fieldof-view IRCCD thermal imaging system. Development A prototype of SAGEM's Search Mast System (SMS) was trialled onboard a French Navy 'Daphne' class submarine in 1992.An antenna module may be integrated on top of the head t o provide ESM warning and GPS. SAGEM Search Mast System (SMS) Type Submarine mast. SAGEM's IRIS. SAGEM Search Mast System (SMS) -he CMOIO sensor head unit 0055091 Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 . broadband ESM. communications and GPS sensors. The optronic mast system is controlled and operated from a dedicated remote-control console. Real-time image processing is combined with target analysis on livelrecorded images. the common mast raising equipment facilitates integration with other payloads such as dedicated ESM. aswell as support for high-sensitivity. along with two-axisgyro-stabilised lineofsight. Operational status Operational onboard French SSBN 'LeTriomphant' class submarines Thales Optronics CMOIO Optronic mast Type Submarine mast. Passive range-finding is carried out on the controller's screen using the stadiametric technique. Contractor SAGEM SA. equipped with a high-resolution monitor display. The radar cross-section area has been reduced by covering the head with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM). An antenna module is integrated on top of the head t o provide ESM warning and GPS. Programmable modes of operation include quick look round. Will equip the Royal Navy Astute class SSNs now building. Operational status In production. Optronics and Airland Systems Division Description All optronic masts in the CMOIO family are non-hull penetrating. and be acquired for the Royal Australian Navy's Collins class SSKs. 7 Operational status In production for several export customers.SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: OPTRONIC MASTS target acquisition is provided. Description The optronic mast combines the advantages of SAGEM's search optronic periscopes with the increased safety of non-penetrating masts. Stealth features reduce acoustic. continuous view and snapshot. Alternatively. the system can be controlled and operated from suitably equipped multifunction consoles. visual. Passive range-finding is carried system is designed to be fitted on any type of non-hull penetrating hoisting device. image intensification. including a thermal imager. . with improved resolution due to a reduction in field curvature and axial chromatic aberration. binocular viewing.543 n m Range: 400 t o 210. is integrated into the periscopes. Description Denel Optronics (formerly Eloptro) is engaged in the upgrade of search and attack periscopes including Daphne and U209 class submarines.4" (x12) Periscope weight: 1.The accuracy exceeds that of the active sonar range-finder of the submarine. Low-light level CCDTV camera. Accommodating t w o image intensifier tubes inside the periscope tube for redundancy. Improvement t o reliability aspects of the periscopes includes the following: Minimising the number of moving assembles and subassemblies inside the periscope tube. PRF capability for t h e w . Upgrading of both Search and Attack Periscopes typically covers the following: lrnprovement of existing optical characteristics. chromatic aberration and transmittance by redesigning the optical layout and by using modern optical design software. x6.000 yds Line-of-sight Stabilisation: 2-axis (azimuth and elevation) Elevation range: -15 to +60° (+75" optional) Azimuth range: n x 360" Environmental conditions Operational temperature: -35 to +60°C (outboard equipment) 0 t o +55"C (on board equipment) Storage temperature: -40 to +70°C Description The standard configuration of the SERO 400 190. remote-control capabilities from a combat system console.250 kg (approx) Periscope length: I 1 m (approx) Tube diameter: 190. . This results in the approximate doubling of the transmittance of the periscope system.5 m m Ocular box diameter: 610 m m Camera sensors (optional) High resolutionlV camera (colour/black and white): 752 x 582 pixels Low-light IevellV camera: 10-4 lux sensitivity (min) Video output: ITU-R BT 470-6 BIG High resolution digital still camera: >2. 8 x 6. A Passive Range-Finder (PRF). modern glass materials and thin film technology. Recording of theTV images by means of a digital video recorder. In addition. A television (TV) capability consisting of DayTV (DPI) and Nightvision TV (NTV).5). Navigation (GPS) and communication (UHFNHF) antenna. For both the DPI and the TV. highly efficient visual optical rangefinding system (stadimeter). 6. and 4. which means that the visual image seen through the eyepiece can be displayed simultaneously on a TV monitor.The attack periscope's exit pupil diameter is typically increased from 4 to 5 mm. Radar early warning antenna.2" azimuth.5 and x6 and x12. lrnprovement in the transmittance of the periscope which is achieved by using state-of-the-art anti-reflection coating and using a minimum number of components necessary for each subsystem. Operational status currently in series production for new submarines of the South African Navy (Type 209 mod). 4.SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS PERISCOPES Carl Zeiss Optronics SERO 400 Type Modular periscope system. target height and range. Attachment of a 35 m m still camera t o the eyepiece. The image intensifier tube assembly is situated outside the path of the direct view optics should a failure occur. The eyepiece data display provides a digital read-out of the true and relative bearing. the Hellenic Navy (Type 214). Binocular eyepieces.5. as well as on a video display unit situated on the ocular box of the periscope. Specifications Magnification: x1. the South Korean Denel Optronics submarine periscope upgrades Type Submarine periscope (upgrades). remote periscope control at a multifunction console (providing 'penetrant' optronic periscope capability) can be fined. RAM coating. line-of-sight elevation angle.5 magnification (36" azimuth. particularly field curvature. Navy (Type 214) and the Indian Navy (Type 209) in combination with the OMS 100. In addition.5 Megapixels Eye-safe laser range-finder Wavelength: 1. The direct view optics and the TV are mutually inclusive.5mm periscope features two-axis line-of-sight stabilisation. The following options are currently available: Colour TV.4" elevation at x12).5" (x6). x12 Fields-of-view: 36 x 28" (x1. with a capability to switch to monocular vision. Digital still camera.lane's Flectrn-Ontic Svstems 3006-7007 Head o f the SERO 400 (Carl Zeiss Optronics) 1036697 iens ianes c n m . achieved electronically. selectable magnification of x1. The installation of SERO 400 into hoisting devices with streamlined fairing is the preferred option.5" elevation at x6. thus increasing the luminous flux transmitted by 56 per cent. There is a wide field-of-view at x1. The prism has an elevation range of -15 to +75" (restricted to +60° if an antenna and/or laser is fitted).2 x 3. Eloptro also has the technical capability to redesign periscopes t o include laser range-finding capabilities. and integration facilities for a wide variety of antennas and/or a laser range-finder (option). 3. 28" elevation) decreasing correspondingly at higher magnifications (8" azimuth. the image is displayed on aTV monitor situated elsewhere in the system. based on the split image principle. The Night Vision TV (NTV) is achieved by means of an IIT and CCD camera low-light level television. Eye-safe laser range-finder (Raman-shifted Nd:YAG laser). Contractor Carl Zeiss Optronics GmbH. LLLTV camera or CCDcamera. t o supply a direct viewing visual channel. The basic periscope systems are: stabilised line of sight. The Model 76 is fitted in a number of countrv's SSKs inciuding~rgentina (TR1700). Features of the periscope include a visual optical channel with variabl magnification (x1. remote-control operator console. mechanical bearing dials. The bas1 difference is that the attack periscopes have smaller heads. Contractor Denel Optronics. high-optical light transmission. x6 and x12 magnification. image intensification (night vision). infra-red capability . Contractor Elektropribor (Russia) Model 76 periscope 0518550 and training handles. digital interfaces.10 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES Should the passive range-finder's electronics fail. the PARUS-98E attack periscop comprises a faired mast with gyro-stabilised line-of-sight and hydrauli hoisting. mode select. x1. The display and control unit includes a control panel. ensuring periscope operation under submarine speeds up t~ 10 kt. In service on unspecified Russian Navy submarines. Operational status In ~roduction. videotape recorder. a control unit and a junction box unit. plus ESM Warner. x12 Field-of-view: 4". Denmark ( ~ a c k e n )Egypt . Electronics interchangeability between periscopes. fail-safe elevation stabilisation line of sight.integral. optical stadiameter. 32" (attack and search) Thermal imaging option Spectral band: 3-5 p m Staring detector array: 256 x 256 Closed cycle detector cooling Fields-of-view Wide: 9 x 9" Narrow: 3 x 3" Elevation: -10 t o +45" LOS (+60° with degradation) Eyepiece and remote monitor display(s1 The main elements o f the Parus-98E attack periscope (left) and the mast sensor head (right) (Elektropribor) - the ocular bc 104142 Contractor Kollmorgen Model 76 attack and search periscope systems TVP~ Submarine periscope. Elektropribor PARUS-98E attack periscope TVP~ Submarine periscope.5. The system consists of a mast unit with an optical train. Operational status In production. a display an control unit including a split-beam binocular eyepiece. together with a display and control panel on the control unit. Netherlands (Walrus).3 5 mm. The attack periscope includes a broadband antenna and crystal video receiver ESM system. In addition t o the mast unit there is a hoisting yoke. a controller with video viewer and recorder for the panoramic sigh1 plus the power supply. Kollmorgen Electro-Optical. Sweden (Gotland) andTurkey (T-20911400). x6.42 m m Elevation Attack: -10 to +74" (+90° detection) Search: -10 t o +60° (+76" detection) Magnification: x1.5. heated head window. Kollmorgen Model 90 optronic periscope system TVP~ Submarine periscope. binocular viewing eyepiece. photocamera . 8". Specifications Diameter: 190. system focus. while th search periscopes' larger heads act as multipurpose reconnaissanc platforms. a division of Denel (Pty) Ltd. Italy (Improved Sauro).5 field-of-view.5. It has been developed t o allow the operator t o search the sea surface during day and night utilising a thermal imaging subsystem and. Brazil (T-209/1400). India (T-20911500). Description The Kollmorgen Model 76 is a modular periscope system wit common components for the attack and search versions. mechanical backul returns the image split to the zero position t o provide unobstructe~ direct vision. RAM (optional). relative. Israel (Dolphin). stadiameter control and microphone. at the same time. Operational status Available. x12) and low-light level TV channel with a 10 x 7. integral torque drive motor with auto-torque assist. true and elevation. (Improved Romeo). eyepiece data display . Description Part of the Unified Periscope System. laser range-finder -attack (optional).3 t o 5 p m (optional).range. . a 35 m m camer Jane's Electro-Ootic Svstems 2006-2007 Description The Model 90 optronic periscope system completed sea trials in 1992 with delivery of production systems beginning in 1995. ESM early warning. target bearing and line of sight elevation angle.janes. 8 and 32" Infra-red: 4. in combination with this function.4. daylnight target acquisition and classification. a radar directionfinding antenna and GPS.5.SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES 11 The periscope system combines a wide range of sensors in one periscope: a thermal imaging camera. Description The full Classical periscope system includes features to enable surface observation. Glonass and radio Contractor Model 90 electro-optic mast eyepiece unit jeos. x18 Bandwidths: 3-5 p m (MWIR) or 8-12 p m (LWIR) Contractor Kollmorgen Electro-Optical.5. 4. i n addition to a complete control datalink to the submarine fire-control system. Specifications Periscope tube diameter: 190.This equipment is also intended for export. The periscope provides high performance by utilising accurate line of sight stabilisation t o compensate for induced vibrations and platform motion t o the visual and thermal lines of sight.06 p m (optional) Measurement range: 60 m t o 18. The operator has a direct view of the scene in addition to a video display and eyepiece data display of target range. 35 m m photographic camera. Development LOMO plc of Russia have been developing the Classical (or Standard) periscope for the Kilo and Arnur classes of submarine.000 kg Visual channel Magnification: x2 (option x4) and x8 Fields-of-view: 40" (option 20") and 10" Elevation aiming range: -10 to +60° TV day and low-light channel Field-of-view: 18" Elevation aiming range: -10 t o +30° Thermal imager channel Field-of-view: 10" Laser range-finder Wavelength: 1. Additionally. a TV day and low-light channel and a thermal imaging channel. laser range-finder as well as passiveTV and visual stadiameter. preliminary acquisition of radio signals and video recording. Jane's Electro-Optic Systems 2006-2007 . 10" Magnification: x1. x6. the operator is provided with a periscope rotation and line of sight elevation rate control which allows fast direction and target tracking. A remote-control station is supplied as part of the Model 90 optronic periscope system. monochrome CCD TV camera.54 urn (eyesafe) or 1.celestial sighttaking.com LOMO PLC. In service with most Russian submarines. The periscopes feature a wide range of information channels which are provided according to customer requirements. The two-axis stabilised systems feature optically matched channels and are fully autonomous in operation.The mast is operational and in service with an undisclosed country. range and bearing measurement. Operational status In production. Kilo class exports and also installed in Lada class submarines. ornni-radar early warning antenna. For observation there is an optical visual channel. Operational status No longer in production. Model 90 optronic masthead unit 051855 LOMO PIC Classical (or Standard) periscope Type Submarine periscope. satellite navigation. Laser range-finders are fitted as standard.42 m m Stabilisation: 2-axis135 milliradians RMS Line-of-sight elevation Visual andTV: -10 t o +74" Thermal imaging: -10 to +55" Azimuth: 360" (electric drive) Fields-of-view: Visual: 2. Specifications Periscope tube diameter: 180 or 260 mrn (dependent on mast head type) Entrance pupil t o eyepiece distance: 7-12 m Azimuth aiming range: f210° Azimuth angle measurement error: 2-10 min Celestial reference elevation error: 2-3 min Max traverse rate: 2Oo1s Weight: <2.5 km Accuracy: 5-10 m Antenna module reception: GPS. The reflective optics enable the system simultaneously t o image both the visible and infra-red spectral regions. day and night target acquisition and classification. The 140 m m head includes single-axis stabilised line-of-sight. degrading the periscope's attack-phase performance. 15. The engineering and manufacturing development contract for the programme. Operational status Developed for French submarines and for foreign navies. Specifications Periscope tube diameter: 260 m m Azimuth aiming range: ?210° Azimuth angle measurement error: 2-10 min Celestial reference elevation error: 2-3 min Max traverse rate: 2O0/s Two-axis stabilisation error: 30 s Weight: 3. a single optical channel with four fields-of-view (x1. and incorporates a Gen 3 infra-red sensor and a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) low-light level television. since acquired by the Raytheon Systems Company. A Gen 3 IR camera may be integrated in place of the LLTV.75" Contractor SAGEM SA. including system integration and testing.5. New London. Low-LightTV channel (LLTV).000 kg Visual channel Magnification: x2 (option x4) and x8 Fields-of-view: 40" (option 20") and 10" Elevation aiming range: -10 to +60° Contractor LOMO PLC. 7. low-light TV and EHF communications plus daylight optics. x3.000-4. Ocular box of the SAGEM APS attack periscope 0002020 Operational status Under development.5 and 3. Operational status No longer in production. range and bearing measurement. will be responsible for the periscope and submarine related activities. The basic system is a single tube optical periscope. x6. A twin tube system is optional. but reportedly still in service. and x12).12 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES LOMO plc non-retractable periscope TYpe Submarine periscope. Head of the SAGEM APS attack periscope 0002019 Development In April 1996. the Hughes Aircraft Company. and an ocular box with a colourTV camera. satellite navigation. SAGEM attack periscope (APS) TYpe Submarine periscope. preliminary acquisition of radio signals and video recording. NESSIE (Naval Electronics Surveillance System for Infra-red Exploitation) Gen 2. (El Segundo). Kollmorgen Corp. Contractor Raytheon Company. The optional capabilities of the LOMO non-retractable periscope system include surface observation. Optronics and Airland Systems Division . The radar cross-section area has been minimised by careful design and by covering the exposed part of the periscope (head) with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM). Two-axis stabilisation is provided. Specifications Description SAGEM has incorporated several improvements into its attack periscope. as the major subcontractor t o Raytheon.The system is housed in a modified periscope furnished by the government. Raytheon NESSIE Gen 2 program Type Submarine periscope sensor. Connecticut.9 million US Navy development contract for an advanced electro-optical system for submarines. The manufacturer claims that this Gen 3 technology has demonstrated unprecedented image quality and range performance. Description The optronic system provides a 3-5 p m thermal imager. Description This single-tube periscope has a tube diameter of 260mm and is designed for installation in small displacement (midget) submarines. was awarded by the Naval Undersea Warfare Center. celestial sight taking. eye-safe laser range-finding. An antenna module may be integrated on top of the head to provide ESM warning and GPS.The NESSIE upgrade module is intended t o sit on theType 22 search periscope fitted as standard to Los Angeles class submarines. The two-axis stabilised system features optically matched channels and is fully autonomous in operation. without significantly Jane's Electro-Ootic Svsterns 2006-2007 Optical fields-of-view: 30.The infra-red sensor features a mid-wavelength staring focal planar-array. The periscope can be remotely controlled from a multifunction common console. The head size has been reduced to a minimum because of a requirement for maximum discretion. The periscope features a wide range of information channels which are provided according to customer requirements. was awarded a US$7. Thales Optronics CK038 search periscope TYpe Submarine periscope. with all four remaining systems scheduled for delivery in 2005. The design is so compact that it is fitted in the tiny ST 5 periscope head. Optronics and Airland Systems Division. Description SAGEM produces advanced attack and surveillance periscopes. Contractor SAGEM SA. The CK038 is optimised for low susceptibility t o visual counter-detection and has an optical system designed for maximum light gathering t o accommodate watch-keeping. it was announced that acceptance and delivery of the first upclraded CK038 ~ e r i s c o ~ svstem e for the RSwN submarines had . Contractor SAGEM SA. 35 m m camera. x6 and x12 giving fields-of-view of 36" and 7" over an elevation arc of -10 to +30°. Under an £8 million (US$15 million) contract awarded by the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration in November 2001. direct optical and infra-red. which itself has been specially shaped and covered by Radiation Absorbent Material (RAM) to reduce its radar cross-section. Rapid search is available through the use of the infra-red panoramic surveillance mode. There is dualaxis stabilisation of the LoS for all channels. The radar cross-section area has been reduced by covering the exposed part of the periscope (head and upper fairing) with Radar Absorbent Material (RAM). Operational status The ST 5 periscopes are in service on board the French Navy SSNs and the 'Agosta' class SSKs in service with Malaysia.800 ton range. It is n o w unbergbing installation and testing on board the Gotland. BITE system. For use as a stand-alone system or as part of an optronic mast and periscope visual system. Optronics and Airland Systems Division. The ST 5 attack periscope head is stabilised by a rate gyroscope with an image intensified TV microcamera for night vision. heated top window. stabilisation. the French Navy's newest class of SSBN. Optional features include GPS and ESM sensors. The new fairing design has also reduced wake and head vibration through vortex shedding. on board three Gotland class submarines and t w o upgraded Vastergotland class boats. It uses a fixed eyepiece with The CK038 is a fully electronic search periscope intended for SSK submarines in the 600 t o 1. In March 2005. night viewing and use in poor visibility. I Description The SAGEM search periscope (SPS) is the latest version of the PlVAlR family (incorporating a high-accuracy sextant mode). Pakistan and Spain. Other standard features include a weapons system interface. Operational status Operational onboard all French nuclear submarines. which has a 190 m m diameter main tube and a low-prdfile top stern.been completed. . and an automatic 'look around' mode which minimises above water exposure time. . a colour TV camera.5. ESM warning and GPS. the CK038 is fitted with an image intensifier and a low-light level TV camera. Data and images from the CK038 can be relayed t o the CMOlO advanced optronics mast.SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES 13 SAGEM search periscope (SPS) TVP~ Submarine periscope. SAGEM ST 5 attack periscope 0505274 magnifications of x1. SAGEM SPS search periscope Description SAGEM ST 5 periscopes TVP~ Attack periscope. stadiametric range-finding and power drive azimuth rotation. improving image quality.The new sensors have been integrated within the limited space envelope of the periscope. attack and ballisticmissile-armed. Development The CK038 entered service with the Royal Swedish Navy (RSwN) in the late 1980s. a digital still camera and a GPS antenna. a new-generation image intensifier. they have been modified through the addition of a thermal imager. It is operational on board 'LeTriomphantr. . An antenna module is integrated into the top of the periscope head for communications. permitting day and night vision and better detectionlidentification capability in all weathers. Various electro-optic sensors (high-definition TV and thermal imaging systems) are integrated in the periscope. scanning the horizon over 360". . while CH093 has image intensification and low-light television sensors. CH093 Type Submarine periscope Description The CK043 search and CH093 attack periscopes are suitable for submarines of 1. The CK043/CH093 optronic periscope ocular b o x 0505174 . x6 (with x3. remote-control and viewing console. . These can be viewed directly or at a multifunction.400 m m Weight: 800 kg Magnification: x1. Key tactical data can be viewed either The CK038 electro-optic periscope ocular box 001085 CK043 search periscope head 0010857 The CK038 search periscope head 001085 Operational status CK038 is in service with Sweden's Gotland and Vastergotland class SSK! Specifications Tube diameter: 190 m m Mechanical length: 10.5. x12 electronic optional) Elevation (line of sight): -10 to +60° Elevation (edge of field): -26 to +76" Contractor Thales Optronics. Both periscopes have four fields of view. In addition t o the optical path.990 m m Optical length: 10.800 tons and greater. CK043 has thermal imaging and low-light television sensors. .---- --- .--.14 SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES 1 Thales Optronics CK043. 5.5. internal communication (intercom) and support for a comprehensive ESM sensor suite. Thales Optronics compact periscopes Type Submarine periscope The compact periscope mast head 0010860 Description Thales (formerly Pilkington) Optronics' compact periscopes are a famil of periscopes tailored for small submarines between 50 and 400 ton! These instruments offer a range of standard features including imag intensification. x6 Elevation: -15 to +60° Operational status The compact periscopes are in service with Colombia (Cosmos M G 120lEl midget submarines).SUBMARINE WEAPON CONTROL SYSTEMS: PERISCOPES 15 Compact periscope ocular box (with bracket for 35 m m camera) CH093 attack periscope head 001085 0010859 on the consoles or by eyepiece injection.400 m m Weight: 150-250 kg Magnification: x1. x6. stabilisation. Specifications Tube diameter: 127 m m Length: 3.900 kg Magnification: x1. Operational status In service on the Royal Australian Navy 'Collins' class SSKs. communication sensor and GPS sensors. elevation of linec sight (-15 to +60°). optical and electro-optic range-findin< position fixing (sextant). x3. heated window and weapon syster interface. still photography.500-5.Throug full integration with the submarine command and control system th periscope performs a primary role in the detection and identification c surface vessels and aircraft. Pakista Contractor Thales Optronics . ESM. (MG-I10 midget submarines).300 m m Weight: 1. x12 Elevation: -1 5 to +60° Contractor Thales Optronics. stadiametric range-finding. intelligence gathering and weapon syster support. Croatia (Una class midget submarines). South Korea (Tolgorae and Dolphin midget submarines) andYugoslavia (Una class midget submarines). Specifications Tube diameter: 254 m m Length: 14. Optional features include aTV camera.500-1. still photography. Other key operational feature include line of sight stabilisation.