!"#$%&#'(%) Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “7"#1 &" 8+9&"), 7:1 &" 8+9&")” “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan “/0)"1 &2 324 #' 5 *)6” “Step Out From the Old to the New” Jawaharlal Nehru IS 4558 (1995): Under-drainage of lined canals - Code of practice [WRD 13: Canals and Cross Drainage Works] “Invent a New India Using Knowledge” “!"# $ %& #' (")* &" +#,-.” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda “!"# %& ;<" =7"#" > 72 &(: ?0)"@" #AB 7" <&*" A” * “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” Bhart+hari—N,ti-atakam . . 76 BUREAU MANAK OF BHAVAN.34 : 006.( Reaffirmed 2001 ) Indian Standard UNDER-DRAINAGEOFLINEDCANALSCODEOFPRACTICE /Second Revision ) UDC 626%23*91 : 626. INDIAN 9 BAHADUR STANDARDS SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHT 110002 August 1995 Price Groop 3 . observed or calculated expressing the result of a test or analysis. after draft finalized by the Irrigation Canals and Canal Linings Sectional Committee had been approved the River Valley Division Council. RVD 13 FOREWORD Thus Indian Standard ( Second Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards. by use of pressure release valves. In this revision the principal modifications made are in respect of giving specific recommendations for various situations of water table position and type of subgrade. suitable under drainage should be provided to protect the lining. The water accumulated by means of the under-drainage arrangements used. . the final value. excessive hydrostatic develop when the canal is empty or the water level in the canal is relatively low and ground water level is high. the by Where a lined canal crosses areas subject to seasonal high ground water or where the soil is sufficiently water tight to prevent the free draining of the seepage or leakage from the canal. For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with. shall be rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised )‘. The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard. which during a period of rapid drawdown of water level in canal may produce damaging hydrostatic back pressure. This standard was published in 1968 and revised in 1983. The accumulation of water in the soil surrounding the canal may result in localised high ground water table.Irrigation Canals and Canal Linings Sectional Committee. Details of specification for pressure release valves have also been excluded in this revison. This revision has been prepared in the light of experience gained during last six years. should be disposed off preferably by means of natural drainage or if this is not available. A similar situation may occur in areas where the canal is lined for reasons other than to prevent seepage and leakage from the canal. Where the sub-grade is free draining but the area is pressure sufficient to damage the lining may subject to high ground water. into the canal. Soil comprising homogeneous clays with permeability less than 10-S cm/set.3 The types: subgrade may be of the level. Title are necessasy a) Subgrade free 4985 : 1988 Specification for UPVC pipes for potable water supply 9451 : 1994 Guidelines for lining of canals in expansive soils 3 VARIOUS CONDiTlONS OF WATER TABLE AND TYPES OF SUBGRADE 3.1 This standard covers drainage of lined canals. cm/set < K < IO-4 cm/set. following Free draining .2(a) or 4.Soil comprising gravel with sand. methods for under- Revision ) 4 NECESSITY 4. 3. as such.4. pressure will build up behind the lining. 3. b) Between canal bed and full supply and c) Above canal full supply level.1 The drainage arrangements to be provided would depend mainly upon the position of the water table and the type of subgrade. Well designed drainage arrangements will. excessive pressure will build up behind the lining. it should be removed to a depth of 600 mm and replaced by sand. that is. Poor draining - 4. 4. that is. if subgrade is practically impervious. In this situation the subgrade should be removed to a depth of 600 mm and replaced by sand.2 This standard does not drainage of canals in expansive given in IS 9451 : 1994. be necessary. Poor Draining or Practically Impervious fine clay lo-* 10-a very Soil comprising sand. the soil behind the lining will remain submerged up to the level of the water table.3 Water Table Between Bed and FSL. and Subgrade Either Free Draining. The lining will. Practically impervious .IS 4558 : I995 Indian Standard UNDER-DRAINAGEOFLINEDCANALSCODEOFPRACTICE (Second 1 SCOPE 1.-l Drainage 1.2 The water draining--.2. no drainage arrangement will be necessary. .2 Water Table Below Canal Bed Level 2 REFERENCES The following Indian Standards adjuncts to this standard: JS No. be subject to hydrostatic pressure. However. silt and or soil having permeability between cm/set and 10-b cm/set. or sandy soil having permeability greater than IO-4 cm/set. K > 10-4 cm/set. admixlure of sand. Recommended provisions for various conditions are given in 4. K < 10-e cm/sac. practically impervious As in 4. and should drawdolvn occur.3 and 4. cover undersoils which is arrangements should be such that the pressure on lining does not increase beyond tha safe limit. 4. draining . and in saturated condition above the water table as in 4.2(b). This will necessitate a well designed drainage arrangement.In this condition because of poor draining subgrade. Subgrade b) Subgradepoor table may have the following positions: a) Below canal bed level. the backfill will get saturated in course of time due to seepage of water through joints and cracks. In this case. that is. murram or suitable pervious material and a well designed drainage arrangement would be necessary.In this eondition there will be no time lag in the dissipation of drawdown pore pressure in the backfill and. therefore. therefore. murram or suitable pervious material.2(b) backfill wi!l get saturated in course of time and in drawdown coiidition. 2(a) no drainage arrangement 5. Usually 150 mm dia pipes are used. 200 mm to 300 mm thick. pressures on canal lining will be larger. layer of well designed filter should be provided. elaborate drainage arrangements will be required. 150 mm to 200 mm thick layer of well designed filter as in 4.3 Water Table Below Canal Bed and Subgrade After removal of subgrade and its replacement by suitable pervious material. The pipe may be asbestos cement pipe or PVC pipe.5 Water Table Above Subgrade Free Draining. 1 and properly compacted so as to form an even bedding for lining.4558: 1995 4.1.2.1. depth 525 mm and sides as steep as practicable.2. and Subgrade Free Draining. as also in poor draining subgrade. Practically Impervious Poor Draining or Provisions similar to 5.as. 5. 5 METHODS OP UNDER-DRAINAGE 5.1. Care should be taken that get clogged during lining. 5. where necessary. in case of practically impervious subgrade provisions similar to 5. should be provided in the bed and on the side slopes up to free board level. However. in 4. 150 mm to 200 mm thick.3 Water Table Below Canal Bed and Subgrade Practically Impervious Provisions similar to 5.2 should be provided. It should be perforated.3 should be made. Impervious Bed Poor Draining or Practically As mentioned is required.2 Water Table Below Canal Bed and Subgrade Poor Draining In this case 150 to 200 mm thick layer designed filter should be provided.2.2 Transverse Drains Transverse drains. The pipe should be properly shrouded with suitable filter. as mentioned in 4.1. Therefore. in case of practically impervious However.2 Pressure Relief Arrangements 5.1 Longitudinal Drains The section of the drain should be trapezoidal with bottom width 500 mm.2 Water Table Below Canal Bed and Subgrade Longitudinal and transverse drains . On an average there should be a minimum of 100 perforations/holes per metre length of pipe and the perforations/holes in adjacent rows should be staggered.E subgrade.1.1. The drain should be carefully filled up to the bottom of the lining with graded filter with pipe as shown in Fig.1 Water Table Below Canal Bed and Subgrade Free Drarning No pressure relief arrangement Poor Draining Bed - is required. subgrade provisions similar to 5. valves In this case. The number of longitudinal drains should depend on the bed width of canal. 5. 5. However.4 Water Table Between Canal Bed and FSL Poor Draining or In free draining. The drains should be placed symmetrically with reference to the centre line of canal.3 should be provided.3 should be made.2. 5. practically impervious should be removed to a depth of 600 mm and replaced by sand.IS . and Subgrade Free Draining.1. Practically Impervious of well Sides - Longitudinal and transverse ( see 7 ) with pressure relief ( see 8 ) should be provided.1 Filter Below Lining 5. The perforations/holes should be 12 mm in diameter and should be done by drilling. 7 LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE DRAINS 7.2(c). drains valves 5. In the bed of canal.1 Water Table Below Canal Bed and Subgrade Free Draining pockets material 5.2 should be provided. inth. Section of transverse drains 3 the filter does not 5. Practically Impervious Poor Draining or with pressure relief ( see 8 ) should be provided. Pressure relief valves in ( see 8 ) filled with filter should be provided. no additional filter need be provided. while in poor draining subgrade. 7. Practically Impervious 111free draining Canal FSL and Poor Draining or subgrade.2.5 Water Table Above Canal FSL and Subgrade Free Drainhg.2.4 Water Table Between Canal Bed and FSL. Practically Impervious Transverse drains ( see 7 ) with pressure relief valves ( see 8 ) should be provided.4 Water Table Above Canal FSL and Subgrade ( see 7 ) Sides - Either Free Draining.a. at least one drain for every 10 m width should be provided. murram or suitable pervious material.2. the PRV may be provided in pockets filled with graded filter underneath the lining. Pockets TO 1000 mm r PRV LOCATIONS (IN CASE NO TRANSVERSE DRAIN ON SLOPE 1 RSE DRAIN IN PRV LOCATION ( IN CASE SVERSE DRAINS ON SLOPESI LONGITUDINAL DRAI TRANSVERSE DRAIN ON SLOPE FIG. 500 Spacing of transverse drains should depend on the size. if there are no transverse drains. in general. 1.GHADED GRADED COARSE SAND I-5 OR ABO” OR SrEEPER All dimensionsin millimetres. The pipe may be asbestos cement pipe or PVC pipe.. It should be perforated.. if such the longitudinal/transverse drains are provided ( see Fig. Care should be taken clogged during lining. However. Usually 150 mm dia pipes are used. 2 ARRANGEMENTSHOWING DRAINS AND PRV LOCATIONS 3 . PIP FILTER 150 TO 30 GRAVEL GRAVEL OF FM 5 TO 20 mm SUBGRADE . The pipe should be properly shrouded with suitable filter. location and efficiency of pressure relief valves. On an average there should be a minimum of 100 perforation/holes per metre length of pipe and the perforations/holes in adjacent rows should be staggered. and on slopes. 8 PRESSURE RELIEF that filter does (PRV) not get VALVES 8. 1 TYPICAL SECTIONOF LONGITUDANA-L/TRANSVERSE DRAIN ( PRESSURE RELIEFVALVE NOT SHOWN ) should be same as that of longitudinal drains shown in Fig. 1 and properly compacted so as to form an even bedding for lining. 2 ). The perforations/holes should be 12 mm in diameter and should be done by drilling.IS 4558 : 1995 TOP OF LINING 7 TAR PAPER TO OF FILTER PREVFNT DURiNG CLOGGING LINING FILTER MATERIAL BOTTOM LINING HFORATED AC /PVC t5Q TO 300 / OF LININ.1 Pressure relief valves should be provided on drains. The drain should be carefully filled up to the bottom of the lining with graded filter as shown in Fig. FIG. transverse drains should be provided at 10 m interval. Graded filter as shown in Fig. If the water depth is less than l-5 m. 8. Rows row at every 4 m should be In general. one pressure relief valve for every 100 ma should be provided in the canal bed. Pockets on slopes should be excavated with their sides at right angles to the slope. The perforated PVC housing pipe for the PRV should be 750 mm long for sides and 430 mm long for bed and should conform to class-2 of IS 4985 : 1988. The first row should be about 50 cm above curve line and top row at 50 cm to 100 cm below full supply level. while on the sides.2 Placing of PRV’s 8. 3 should then be carefully placed in the pocket and compacted to form an even bedding for canal lining. Perforations in the housing pipe should be as shown in Fig. 4.2. one row should be adequate.2. the spacing should be decided on this general consideration. one PRVSOmmQ-7. TOP OF LINING GRADiD GRAVEL GRAVEL \20 TO 40 5 TO 20 50TTOM OF LINING GRADED COARSE SAND OF F M l-5 OR ABOVE 160 mm 0 D PVC HOUSING _/ PIPE (PERFORATED) All dimensions FIG* in millimetres.2 Spacing In general. 8. keeping in view the site conditions. It should be placed in the centre of the pocket. one pressure relief valve for every 40 rns should be provided. Valves in adjacent rows should be staggered.IS 4558 .: 1995 may be square with sides of 600 mm or cylindrical with diameter 600 mm.1 provided on the sides. However. 3 PRV POCKETON SLOPS . IS 4558 : 1995 LANGE OF PRV FLANGE OF HOUSING PI I- -!x OD 8 ROWS ALONG PERIPHERY EQUIDISTANT \ P R Y HOUSING PIP 12 ROWS ALONG PERIPHE EQUIDISTANT _-~- PERFORATED CAP /IDETAIL A END CAP _ FIG. 4 ~IBTAIL OF PERFORATIONS IN PRV HOUSING PIPE ( DETAIL OF PRV NOT SHOWN ) 5 . All dimensioix in millimetres. Amendments lssaed Amend No. This Indian Standard has been developed from Dot No: RVD 13 (63). 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