DO NOT WRITE ON EXAM1. In which diagram is the observer experiencing the greatest intensity of insolation? A) B) C) D) 2. Which angle of the Sun above the horizon produces the greatest intensity of sunlight? A) 70° B) 60° C) 40° D) 25° 3. What happens to the angle of insolation on June 21 between solar noon and 6 p.m. in New York State? A) B) C) D) It decreases steadily. It increases steadily. It remains the same. It first increases and then decreases. Version 3 4. Base your answer to the following question on the map below, which shows the location of the Heat Equator for July and January. A Heat Equator is a line connecting the locations of the highest average monthly temperatures. What would be the effect on the positions of the Heat Equators in July and January if the tilt of Earth's axis increased to 33.5º? A) B) C) D) The Heat Equator would move farther north in July and farther south in January. The Heat Equator would move farther south in July and farther north in January. Both Heat Equators would be identical to the geographic Equator at 0º latitude. The positions of both Heat Equators would remain in the locations shown. 5. Which two factors determine the number of hours of daylight at a particular location? A) B) C) D) longitude and season longitude and the Earth's average diameter latitude and season latitude and the Earth's average diameter 7. The diagram below shows the apparent path of the Sun as viewed by an observer at a certain Earth location on March 21. 6. The diagram below shows the noontime shadow cast by a vertical post located in New York State. At which latitude is the observer located? Which letter indicates a location west of the post? A) A B) B C) C D) D A) the Equator (0°) C) 66 ° N Version 3 B) 23 ° N D) 90° N 8. Most insolation striking a smooth, light-colored, solid surface is A) refracted C) reflected B) transmitted D) absorbed 9. The data table below compares the percentage of sunlight reflected from various types of Earth surfaces. Which statement is best supported by the table? A) Light-colored surfaces reflect more sunlight than dark-colored surfaces. B) Rough surfaces reflect more sunlight than smooth surfaces. C) Soil surfaces reflect more sunlight than cloud surfaces. D) Vegetative surfaces reflect more sunlight than ice surfaces. 10. On which date does maximum insolation usually occur in New Jersey? A) June 21 C) August 21 B) July 10 D) August 31 11.The amount of insolation reflected from the Earth's surface at a particular time is most dependent on the A) B) C) D) angle of the Sun's rays temperature of the Earth's surface amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere distance from the Earth to the Sun 12. At what time of day is the Sun at position S? A) 6 a.m. B) 9 a.m. C) 3 p.m. Version 3 D) 6 p.m. Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents four apparent paths of the Sun, labeled A, B, C, and D, observed in Jamestown, New York. The June 21 and December 21 sunrise and sunset positions are indicated. Letter S identifies the Sun's position on path C at a specific time of day. Compass directions are indicated along the horizon. 13. The greatest duration of insolation in Jamestown occurs when the Sun appears to travel along path A) A B) B C) C D) D 14. Which graph best represents the relationship between the angle of insolation and the intensity of insolation? A) B) C) D) Version 3 15. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram and table below. The diagram shows a cross section of a solar-energy collecting system constructed as a portion of a wall of a house. It consists of an energy-absorbing surface, a clear glass covering, and air ducts through the wall into the house. The table gives the house temperatures during a spring day. No other heat source is available for the house. In Connecticut, on which exterior wall should the solar collector be placed to receive the most insolation? A) a north-facing wall C) an east-facing wall B) a south-facing wall D) a west-facing wall 16. In New York State, summer is warmer than winter because in summer New York State has A) fewer hours of daylight and receives low-angle insolation B) fewer hours of daylight and receives high-angle insolation C) more hours of daylight and receives low-angle insolation D) more hours of daylight and receives high-angle insolation Version 3 17. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below which represents the duration of insolation at four different latitudes on Earth on four different dates. Buenos Aires, located at 41° S, receives the shortest duration of insolation on A) March 21 B) June 22 C) September 23 18.The diagram below shows the position of the Earth in relation to rays of light from the Sun. A, B, and C are three positions on the Earth's surface. D) December 22 19. Which diagram shows the position of the Earth relative to the Suns rays during a winter day in the Northern Hemisphere? A) B) Which graph best shows the relationship between intensity of insolation and position on the Earth's surface? A) C) B) D) C) D) Version 3 20. Base your answer to the following question on the graph below, which shows the amount of insolation during one year at four different latitudes on Earth’s surface. Why is insolation 0 cal/cm 2/min from October through February at 90º N? A) B) C) D) Snowfields reflect sunlight during that time. Dust in the atmosphere blocks sunlight during that time. The Sun is continually below the horizon during that time. Intense cold prevents insolation from being absorbed during that time. 21. To an observer in Pennsylvania, the Sun appears to rise each day somewhere along the A) northern horizon C) eastern horizon B) southern horizon D) western horizon 23.The diagram below indicates the amount of solar radiation that is reflected by equal areas of various materials on Earth's surface. 22.Very cold climates occur at Earth’s North and South Poles because the polar regions A) B) C) D) are usually farthest from the Sun absorb the greatest amount of insolation receive the most hours of daylight receive low-angle insolation Which material absorbs the most solar radiation? A) grassy field C) sand Version 3 B) fresh snow D) forest 24.The diagram below shows a classroom demonstration. Two identical flashlights were placed in the positions shown and they illuminated areas of varying size, A and B, on a classroom globe. Thermometers were then placed at the center of each illuminated area to measure the rate of temperature increase. Readings were taken over a period of 30 minutes. Students most likely observed that the temperature of area A increased at a A) slower rate than the temperature of area B because area A received rays that were less concentrated B) slower rate than the temperature of area B because area A received rays that were more slanted C) faster rate than the temperature of area B because area A received rays that were more perpendicular to the surface D) faster rate than the temperature of area B because area A received rays with less total energy 25.If Earth’s axis were tilted less than 23.5°, which seasonal average temperature change would occur in New York State? A) B) C) D) Spring and fall would be cooler. Spring and fall would be warmer. Winter would be cooler. Summer would be cooler. 26.The hottest climates on Earth are located near the Equator because this region A) B) C) D) is usually closest to the Sun reflects the greatest amount of insolation receives the most hours of daylight receives the most nearly perpendicular insolation 27.On which two dates could all locations on Earth have equal hours of day and night? A) B) C) D) September 23 and December 21 December 21 and March 21 March 21 and June 21 March 21 and September 23 Version 3 28. The metal plate at a 90° angle of incidence represents a location on Earth at solar noon on March 21. What is the latitude of this location? Base your answers to questions 28 and 29 on the experiment description and diagram below. A student was interested in how the angle of insolation affects absorption of radiation. The student took three black metal plates, each containing a built-in thermometer, and placed them at the same distance from three identical lamps. The plates were tilted so that the light from the lamps created three different angles of incidence with the center of the plates, as shown in the diagram. The starting temperatures of the plates were recorded. The lamps were turned on for 10 minutes. Then the final temperatures were recorded. 29. Explain why the metal plate at a 90° angle of incidence had a final temperature higher than the other two plates. 30. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. The diagram represents daytime and nighttime on Earth. Point X is a location on Earth's surface. Earth's rotational surface velocity is shown in miles per hour (mi/h) at specific latitudes. Identify the Northern Hemisphere season that is just beginning when Earth is at the position represented in this diagram. Version 3 Answer Key Insolation Exam 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. A 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. D 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C 21. C 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. D 26. D 27. D 28. 0° latitude or the equator. 29. — The 90°- angle plate received more intense radiation. — It received the most concentrated/more direct rays. — It absorbed the most light. — It reflected the least amount of light. 30. summer Version 3