Ingles 2 Work Book

SECOND EDI TI ONJohn and Liz Soars Sylvia Wheeldon OXJORD T E S T I N G 1 Get t ing t o know you Grammar: Tenses • questions Vocabulary: Words with more than one meaning Pronunciation: Phonetic symbols Tenses 1 Recognizing tenses Complete the texts using the verbs in the box. Vanessa Ying Lo from Hong Kong ’m living like play made comes ’m going to look m ! arrived ’s studying Vanessa (1) .from Hong Kong. She (2) ___________ mathematics at McGill University, in Montreal, Canada. “I (3)_______________ the people very much. They are warm and friendly. When I first (4)_______________ , I was very worried, but I soon (5)______________ friends. I (6)________________ in a dormitory. It takes me five minutes to walk downtown, where I can shop or go to cafes and clubs. I often (7)_______________sports here—soccer and tennis. I (8)_______________ for a job in a bank when I finish. Maybe here in Montreal. Who knows?” Steven Sonnenberg (1) ______________ studied speaks emigrated was born in Germany, but he (2) _ 6 years old. He (4) with his parents when he (3)__________ He (5)_______________ three languages—German, English, and Spanish. “I (6)_______________ law at Harvard from 2000 to 2004. Now I (7)___ international studies at the Sorbonne in Paris. After that, I (8)_________ m going was to Boston _ two sisters. ’m getting a degree in on vacation to Mexico. I can’t wait to see the Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City.” Nick and Carol Taylor from Canada come teaches got helps ’re going to study ’re staying are doing love Nick and Car married last Camp Kenya (5) • playgrounds “The kids (7) When Nick a ol (1) volunteer work in Kenya for a year. They (?) year, but decided to live abroad before starting their careers. They (3) at with SO other volnntppr«;, who (4) from all over the world. Carol Fnplkh, and Nirk (6) local people to build schools and soccer,” says Nick, “and now they’ve got a real field to play on.” nd Carol go back to Canada, they (8) to be teachers. 2 Unit 1 • Getting to know you ng the correct form the correct form of the verb. r m speaking / 1 speak / I ’m speak ~ languages—French, Spanish, i d : English. A '■••'nere does Han come / Han come / i s Han coming from? S She’s Korean. She comes rrom Seoul. 1. A nat you do / do you do / ,i re you doing tonight? B I'm going out. A A ^ATiere’s George? 3 He takes / ’s taking / take a shower. I 5 A What means this word / does •nean this word / does this   •wrd mean? B I don’t know. Look it up. - A Do you want a hot dog? B Xo, thanks. I don’t eat meat / no eat meat / eat meat not. 7. last year I went /go / was go :c Europe on vacation. * How long you stay / did you stay / stayed you in Europe? - The weekend was boring. I no do / didn’t / didn’t do anything. A I ’m going to college next year. B What are you going to / you going to / do you study? ■Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. On the weekend I ’m usually go swimming. I. Are you enjoy the party? 3 We can’t play tennis because it rains, 4. How many sisters you have? 5. I no understand what you’re saying. 6. What you do tonight? 7. What time you get home last night? 8. Last weekend I see some friends and we have dinner. 9. I’m go see my friends tonight. We go to the movies. 10. I ’m loving Brazilian food. I t’s wonderful! Question forms 4 Making questions with auxiliaries Write Yes/No questions for these sentences. 1. She’s J apanese. Is she Japanese? 2. I t’s raining. _______________ 3. They’re at school. _______________ 4. They’re studying English. _______________ 5. Y ou’re tired. _______________ 6. She was at home last night. _______________ 7. I ’m right. _______________ 8. He was born in 1960. _______________ 9. We’re going to see J im. _______________ 5 Making questions with do, does, or did Write Y es/No questions for these sentences. 1. You like music. Do you like music? 2. She comes from Mexico. ________________ 3. They live in an apartment. ________________ 4. Y ou take sugar in your tea. ________________ 5. I speak English well. ________________ 6. She watched a movie last night.________________ 7. I t started at 8:00. ________________ 8. You want to go home. ________________ 9. He works hard. ________________ 6 Question words Ivlatch the questions in A with the answers in B. A B 1. What do you d o ? ------------------------ a. Fifty dollars. 2. Who did you go out with last night? \ b. Twenty-five. 3. Where do you live? \ c. Fine. And you? d. Maria and Pedro. 4. When’s your birthday? \ ^ _ - e. I’m a teacher. 5. Why are you wearing a suit? f. The Times. 6. How many students are there in the class? g. It’s today! 7. How much did you pay for your shoes? h. I’m sure it’s mine. 8. How are you? i. In an apartment downtown. 9. Whose money is this? j. Because 1have a job 10. Which newspaper do you read? interview. Unit 1 • Getting to know you 3 7 Which question word? GUO Complete the conversation with question words 3. parents / right / where / your / now / are / ? 4. movies / you / go / last / when / did / the / to / ? 5. studying / you / why / English / are / ? 8 Word order Put the words in the correct order to make questions. Then answer the questions about you. 1. you / last / get / for / what / birthday / did / your / ? 2. is / who / teacher / your / English / ? Kate Hi, Dad. Dad Morning, Kate. (1)_________ are you today? Kate Fine, thanks. A little tired. Dad I didn’t hear you come home last night. (2)________ time did you get in? Kate About 11:00. Dad (3)________ did you go? Kate J ust to Beth’s house. Dad There’s a letter for you on the table. Kate Oh! (4)________ ’s it from? Dad I don’t know. Open it and see. Kate Oh! Dad (5)________ ’s the matter? Kate Nothing. I t’s from Luis in Mexico. Dad That’s interesting. Kate He says he’s coming to the U.S. Dad ( 6 ) ________ ? Kate Because he’s going to study English. Dad (7)________ ’s he going to stay? Kate Here in San Francisco. Dad (8)________school is he going to? Kate He doesn’t know yet. Dad (9)________ is he coming? Kate Next month. Dad You should invite him over. (10)_________ don’t you write back and invite him to dinner? Kate OK, I will. Thanks, Dad. 6. you / how / to / get / school / do / ? 7. brothers and sisters / you / many / have / how / do / ? 9 What +noun, How +adjective or adverb Match a question word in A with a word in B and a line in C. Then answer the questions about you. A B C / -time— ^ shoe do you wear? color - did you get up this morning? far do you read? How 1 tall is it from your house to downtown? kind are you? What' much is your hair? often do you go swimming? size does a burger usually cost? long of music do you like? newspaper does your English class last? 1. What time did you get up this morning? 2. _________________________________________ 3. _______________________________ 4. _______________________________ 5. _______________________________ 6. __________________________________ 7. _______________________________ 8. _______________________________________ 9. _______________________________ 10_______________________________ 4 Unit 1 Getting to know you Reading 10 If you can’t master English, try Globish 1 Read the text and answer the questions. 1. What sort of English is Globish? 2. Who speaks it? 3. Translate the full Globish conversation between the Russian and the I talian into English. 4. How does J ean-Paul Nerriere describe Globish? 5. What language did the hundred colleagues speak in? 6. Why didn’t they understand J im and Bill? 2 Find words in the text that mean: 1. the act of traveling from one place to another 2. a person who makes or thinks of something new 3. the most important part of something 4. the people you work with 5. people who learned English as their first language 3 Complete the questions. 1. Who_______________ IBM. 2. ______________________________________ . work for? . good English? Yes, excellent English. 3. How_______________ I t has 1,500. 4. When____ While he was at a meeting in Paris. 5. What_____________________________? A version of Globish to help Americans understand. By Daniel Klune • International Herald Tribune If you can’t master English, try Globish I t happens all the time. You are at an airport, and the man on your left, who is maybe Russian, starts talking to the man across the aisle, who is maybe I talian, and soon they are talking in what seems to be English: “Where you fly?” “Paris. You?” “I go New York business.” “When arrive?” “Four tomorrow in afternoon.” “Children?” “One boy, two girl. You?” “No. Only girlfriend.” “OK. Have nice trip.” “Thanks. And you.” They don’t know it, but the Russian and the Italian are speaking Globish. Its inventor, a Frenchman named J ean-Paul Nerriere, doesn’t see it as a real language. “It isn’t a language, it’s a tool, a means of global communication. I t’s a sort of English lite’—simple language that people all over the world can understand. “The language spoken all over the world, by 88% of the people, is not exactly English, but it works; it does the job.” Nerriere, who retired from the computer giant IBM, speaks excellent English. The main feature of Globish is that it has only 1,500 words. Grammar isn’t important. He had the idea while he was at a meeting in Paris. Before the meeting, 100 colleagues from more than 40 different countries were talking in a sort of English. Everyone was happy, and everyone understood. Then the two American speakers arrived to talk to the group. They began by saying, “Hi, I’m J im,” “Hi, I’m Bill,” but after that no one understood a word they said. And the Americans had difficulty understanding other people in the group. This is the problem. Do native speakers of English understand Globish? No worries. Nerriere is writing a version of Globish to help Americans understand. W " ................. Unit 1 • Getting to know you 5 Pronunciation 11 i Words with the same pronunciation G3D Some words have the same pronunciation, but a different spelling and a different meaning. /si/ see sea /bai/ buy Bye! /tu/ two too /sAn/ son sun 2 G3B Write the other word (with a different spelling and meaning) for the words in phonetic symbols. A B 1. Inoul 2. /aur/ 3. /rait/ 4. /nu:/ 5. /hir/ no our right knew here Phonetic symbols Q3D Phonetic symbols help with pronunciation. Write the words in B next to the correct phonetic symbols in A. A B 1. /s r I/ scissors 2. /nr)/ mouse 3. /sizarz/ chewing gum 4. /hfrbrAj/ ring 5. /watj/ cell 6. /tjun] gAm/ watch 7. /walat/ hairbrush 8. /mans/ wallet 3 G U O Write the correct spelling. 1. I have/tu:/________ /sA nz/___________ 2. Doyou/nso/_________ the answer? 3. Could you /rai t/_________your address down, please? 4. What did you /bai /_________ at the mall? 5. I can’t/ si / _________ you. Where are you? e Words with silent letters H » l H Many words have letters which we write, but we don’t pronounce. /lisn/ listen /to:k/ talk /rait/ write/right /fbren/ foreign /aibnd/ island 4 G 3 D Write the spelling of the words in phonetic symbols. Careful! They all have silent letters. 1. /aenssr/___________ 2. / in¿erid/___________ 3. /doitar/___________ 4. /nai f/___________ 5. /nerbor/___________ 6. /wsnzdei/___________ 7. /ei ti/___________ 8. /nai t/_______ __ 6 Unit 1 • Getting to know you Vocabulary 12 Words with more than one meaning 1 Look at the dictionary entries. I n each sentence below, which of the definitions is kind an example of? 1. I kind of like her. ________ 2. It was very kind of you to help me. ________ 3. What kind of music do you listen to?________ 1 k i n d /kaind/ adj (kinder, kindest) caring about others; friendly and generous: a kind and helpful person •Be kind to animals. •Thank you for your kind invitation. 2 k i n d /kaind/ n [C] a group of people or things that are the same in some way; a type or sort: This store sells all kinds of things. •What kind of house do you live in? 3 k i n d o f (informal) a little: He’s kind of strange, but I like him. 2 Complete the sentences with a word from the box. Use each word twice with a different meaning. course match fine party train suit miss leaves 1. “How are you?” “I ’m___________ , thanks.” I got a parking ticket. T he_________ __ is $200. 2. I ’m having a____________ on Saturday. Can you come? The Democrats are a political___________ in the U.S. 3. Y our tie is nice, but it doesn’t ___________ your shirt. Did you see the tenni s____________ on TV yesterday? 4. I ’m wearing a____________ to the interview. Patty likes the theater, so New Y ork should ____________ her! 5. Athletes have to___________ very hard. I’m catching the___________ at 10:00 in the morning. 6. I’m going now. I don’t want to___________ the train. I ’m happy in Miami, but I ___________ my family. 7. I’m going to take an English___________ this summer. “Do you love me?” “Of___ I________ I do.” 8. The____________ on the trees are beautiful in autumn. My trai n___________ at 9:00, so I don’t want to be late. Check it 13 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. I’m coming from Brazil. 2. Where do she come from? 3. I have 27 years. 4. When you go bed last night? 5. What do you do last night? . 6. Carlos spend too much money on designer clothes. 7. I studied for two years at school English. 8. “Who is bag is this?” “I t’s mine.” 9. “Where you go on vacation this year?” “I’ll go to Miami in August.” 10. He have long blond hairs and blue eyes. 14 Listening Life in a new city 1 o a o Kathy has recently moved to New York City to start a new job. Listen to her telephone conversation with a friend from home. Are these sentences true ( / ) or false (X)? Correct the false ones. 1. [I ] Kathy moved to New York three weeks ago. 2. [H She comes from California. 3. O She teaches science at a college. 4. O She likes exercising. 5. O She has blue eyes and red hair. 6. [ i Her perfect man has blond hair. 2 Put the words in the right order to make questions. Answer the questions. 1. Kathy / her / did / when / job / start / ? 2. the / she / does / weekends / what / doing / on / like / ? 3. does / where / teach / she / ? 4. boyfriend / how / perfect / old / is / her / ? Unit 1 • Getting to know you 7 The way we l i ve Grammar: Present tenses • Present Continuous Vocabulary: have/take + noun Pronunciation: -s at the end of a word Present Simple Lifestyles Are the sentences about... •Alta, in Norway, and its citizens? •the Tuareg tribe in the Sahara Desert? Write A for Alta or T for Tuareg. Then check your answers below. 1. The town lies inside the Arctic Circle, and the sun doesn’t rise between November and J anuary. 2. _____ The nomads live in the desert in North Africa. They travel by camel. They have goats, cows, and sheep. 3. ____ They live in tents. When visitors come, they put out carpets and cushions, and drink mint tea. 4. _____ People meet in the sports center. I n the evenings it is full of people taking aerobics classes and working out on the treadmills. 5. The men wear veils, not the women, and they never take them off, even when they eat. No one ever sees a man without his veil. 6. _____ It is a society where women are free and independent. They make their own decisions in life. 7. ______ In the cafe£, all the tables have strong lamps. These make people feel happier and help them to sleep. 8. A lot of people find it difficult to sleep. Some people get confused and arrive for tea with friends at 4 a .m . instead of 4 p .m . 9. In the summer people go swimming in the fjord and have picnics in the country. 10 . _____ Most people are Muslim, but they don’t speak Arabic.They have their own language and alphabet. V 8 V Z 17 VL SJ3M5UV 2 Making questions Here are the answers to some questions about the lifestyles in Exercise 1. Write the questions. I n Alta 1. Does the sun rise between November and J anuary? No, it doesn’t. 2. Where_____________________________________________? I n the sports center. 3. . in the sports center? They take aerobics classes and work out. 4. Where_____________________________ I n the fjord. The Tuareg 5. How_____ By camel. 6. What animals. Goats, cows, and sheep. 7. Where______________ In tents. They put out carpets and cushions. 3 Making negatives Complete these negative sentences. . when visitors come? I n Alta 1. The people__ three months. 2. They________ .(not see) the sun for 3. Sometimes they. right time. 4. They__________ .(not sleep) very well. __________ (not arrive) at the (not go) out much in the winter. The Tuareg 5. They___ 6. They___ 7. The men. 1. They______ the women. . (not live) in towns. .(not speak) Arabic. (not take) off their veils. . (not make) decisions for 4 Short answers Answer the questions about you. Use short answers. 1. Do you speak Chinese? Yes. I do. / No, I don’t._____________ 2. Do you like science fiction? 3. Do you dream a lot? 4. Do you listen to the radio? 5. Do your parents read a lot? 6. Does your teacher give you a lot of homework? 7. Does your school have a swimming pool? 8. Does it rain a lot where you’re from? 5 Spelling of the third person singular Write the third person singular of these verbs. 1. live lives 15. enjoy 2. work 16. buy 3. speak 17. play 4. love 18. say 5. make 19. have 6. wash washes 20. do 7. watch 21. go 8. relax 9. finish 10. kiss 11. carry carries 12. study 13. fly 14. try Unit 2 • The way we live Present Simple or Continuous? 6 Spelling of the present participle 1. read 2. swim 3. come 4. rain 5. wear 6. think 7. shine 8. have 9. take 10. wait 11. get 12. stop 13. run 14. begin reading swimming coming 8 What does she do? or What is she doing? Look at the picture and answer the questions. Choosing the correct form Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. I go I ’m going to work now. Goodbye! 2. I read / ’m reading a book about samba music.' 3. I read / ’m reading lots of books every year. 4. We go / ’re going to a party on Saturday. 5. Nurses take / are taking care of people in the hospital. 6. Li-an comes/’s coming from Taipei. 7. She comes / ’s coming for dinner this evening. 8. I speak / ’rn speaking four languages. 9. Do you want / Are you wanting to go out tonight? 1. What does Wendy do? She’s a nurse. 2. Is she working in the hospital now? No, she isn’t. 3. what’s she doing? She’s having dinner.__________ 4. What does Frank do?_______________________ 5. Is he working in the restaurant now? 6. What’s he doing?_________________ 7. What does Tony do?______________ 8. Is he driving a taxi now?___________ 9. What’s he doing?_________________ 10. What does Lisa do?______________ 11. Is she working in the kitchen now?. 12. What’s she doing?_______________ 10 Unit 2 • The way we live I’m Frank. I’m a waiter I’m Wendy. I’m a nurse, I’m Tony. I’m a taxi driver, have/don't have 9 Making statements and negatives Look at the picture of Catherine’s bedroom. 10 Short answers Answer the questions about Catherine. Use short answers. 1. Does Catherine have a messy bedroom? Yes, she does._____________ 2. Does she have posters on her walls? 3. Does she have a lot of clothes? 4. Does she have a camera? 5. Does she have a computer? 6. Does she have a lamp in her room? Answer the questions about you. 7. Do you have a DVD player? 8. Do you have a lot of money? 9. Do you have a digital camera? 10. Do you have a good American accent? Complete the sentences with has or doesn t have. 1. She doesn’t have a CD player. 2. She____________ a tennis racket. 3. She____________ a lot of CDs. 4. She____________ a television. 5. She____________ a computer. 6. She___________ an MP3 player. 7. She___________ a cell phone. 8. She___________ many shoes. 9. She___________ a lot of posters. 10. She__________ a sofa. \ Unit 2 • The way we live 1 Vocabulary 11 have/take + noun =activity Vocabulary spot 1 Have and take are often used with a noun to express a form of action. I took a bath and went to bed. Where did you have lunch? Have a good weekend! 2 Notice that, with meals, we do not use a. I had breakfast/lunch. Complete the sentences with a form of have or take and a noun from the box. have argument look dream shower take break day time trip 1. A Bye. I ’m going to the party now! B OK_____________ a good____________! 2. A I’m going to _________a____________ and wash my hair, then go to bed. B OK. Good night! 3. A I brought my vacation pictures. Do you want to ___________ a____________ at them? B Well, I really do want to see them, but I have to go right now. 4. A We’re driving to San Francisco tomorrow. B ___________ a good____________ !I hope the traffic isn’t too bad. 5. A I need some coffee. Can we____________ a ___________ now? B Sure, why not? I’d like a cup of coffee, too. 6. A Did you___________ a good____________ at the office, dear? B No, I didn’t. I t was terrible. 7. A My boss is always angry with me. Today we ___________ an____________ because I was late for work. B Hmm. Maybe you should change jobs. 8. A I ___________ a really strange____________last night. I dreamed I could fly. B Really? I have that dream all the time! Pronunciation 12 -5 at the end of a word G 3 E J There are three pronunciations: Is/, /z/, and /iz/. -5at the end of a word appears in... • plural nouns books trains houses • he/ she/ i t * Present Simple gets lives washes • possessive'; Pat’s house John’s car Liz’s book i o a o How are these words ending in -s pronounced? Write the words in the correct columns. works watches boys hands Mike’s Chris’s Peter’s laughs goes sandwiches lights news wears chooses wins pieces A /s/ B /iz/ C IV works watches boys 0 O cam When a word ends in -s, we often don’t pronounce the t or d before it. I She sends /ssnz/ her love. The food tastes /teists/ good. What kinds /kainz/ of ice cream do you have? 12 Unit 2 • The way we live V I i V ' • 2 G U I S Practice saying these sentences. 1. My hands /hsenz/ are cold. 2. What are your favorite subjects /sAbd3sks/? 3. My cat understands/Andarstaenz/ everything I say. 4. Brian collects /kaleks/ stamps. 5. The movie’s good, but it ends /enz/ strangely. 6. I reland’s /aiorbnz/ hotels are great. 7. The facts /faeks/ are clear. 8. My boyfriend’s /boifrenz/ family is very nice. 3 k i d Underline the words you hear. 1. I like your friend /friends. 2. The book’s / books are interesting. 3. The house is / houses are big. 4. They had a sandwich / sandwiches for lunch. 5. My hands hurt / hand hurts. Check it 13 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. Tom drive 10 kilometers to work every day. 2. What languages does Helen speaks? 3. I studying J apanese at the University of California. 4. I not like fish. 5. J ack and Tommy is playing soccer in the yard. 6. I have a cup of tea always in the morning. 7. Air Canada flys to more than 170 cities worldwide. 8. Have you any brother or sister? 9. Karen have always the latest designer jeans. 10. Fiona no has any children. Complete the text with a verb from the box in the correct tense. Use each of the verbs once only except for have. be call come cook have (x2) ive work love play swim teach look for J o and Nikki both (1)___________from the U.S., but Nikki now (2) in Australia. Nikki (3)___________J o all the way from Sydney. I t (4)___________nine o’clock in the morning there, and Nikki’s children (5)___________In Seattle it is two in the afternoon, and J o’s children (6)___________at home. Nikki never (7 )__________ in the kitchen. She and her family usually (8 )__________ barbecues in the backyard. Nikki (9)----------------- part-time, three mornings a week, and she (10)----------------her job. Her husband, Dave, (11)__________ a good, new job, but it’s very tiring. J o (12)___________at City College at the moment, but she (13)__________ another job. 14 Listening A life in Australia G30 J o lives in Seattle. Her old friend, Nikki, emigrated to Sydney, Australia, a year ago. Listen to the conversation between Nikki and J o and answer the questions. 1. Where does Nikki come from? 2. How is the weather in Seattle? 3. What’s the time difference between Seattle and Sydney? 4. What are Nikki’s children doing? 5. What are J o’s children doing? 6. Where does Nikki usually cook? 7. What’s good about Nikki’s job? What isn’t so good? 8. Is Dave enjoying his job? Why is his job not so good? 9. Does Nikki have lots of friends? 10. What does J o do? Unit 2 • The way we live 1] What happened next ? Grammar: Past Simple • Past Continuous • Prepositions of ti Vocabulary: Adverbs Pronunciation: Irregular and regu past verbs The Burglars Friend Past Simple 1 Choosing the right verb 1 What is the past tense of these verbs? They are all irregular except one. leave catch hear hold ______ say _________ take give tell _________ see carry get ______ can’t keep think find 2 Complete the article “The Burglars’ Friend” with a verb from Exercise 1in the Past Simple. 2 Making negatives Here are some sentences about the story. Correct the mistakes. 1. Russell got up at two o’clock. He didn’t get up at 2:00. Hegot up at 3:00. 2. He got up because he was thirsty. 3. He heard a noise in the kitchen. 4. He found three men. 5. Russell’s mother kept her wallet in her handbag. 6. They left at five o’clock. 7. When they left, Russell watched TV. 8. The police caught the burglars the next day. 14 Unit 3 • What happened next? His parents were fast asleep in b It was three o'clock in the morning when 4-year-old Russell Brown (1)____3°i____ up to go to the bathroom. His parents were fast asleep in bed. But when he (2 ) __________ a noise in the living room and (3) _ _ _ _ _ _ a light was on, he went downstairs. There he (4)___________two men. They asked him his name and (5)___________him they were friends of the family. Unfortunately, Russell believed them. They asked him where the TV and DVD player were. Russell showed th< and (6)__________ they had a stereo and CD player, toe The two men (7)__________ these to the kitchen. Russel also told them that his mother (8)__________ her wallet drawer in the kitchen, so they (9)----------------that. Russ* even (10)___________them his pocket money—50 cents They finally (11)__________ at 4 a .m. They said, "Will y open the back door while we take these things to the cai because we don't want to wake Mommy and Daddy, O’ So Russell (12)___________the door open for them. He then went back to bed. His parents didn't know about the burglary until they g up the next day. His father said, "I (13)---------------- be a with Russell because he (14)___________he was doing t right thing." Fortunately, the police (15)___________the two burglar last week. bed m. 3 Making questions Write questions for these answers. 1. Why / get up? Why did Russell get up?__________ Because he wanted to go to the bathroom. 2. Where / his parents? They were in bed. 3. Why / go downstairs? Because he heard a noise and saw a light on. 4. How many men / find? ? Two. 5. What / tell him? They told him they were friends of the family. 6. Where / keep / her wallet? In a drawer in the kitchen. 7. How much pocket money / give them? Fifty cents. When / they / finally leave? At 4 A.M . 9. When / find out about the burglary? The next day. 10. When / catch / the two burglars? Short answers Answer the questions about Russell. Use short answers. 1. Did Russell disturb the burglars? Y&s, he did.________ 2. Did he know they were burglars?--------------------------- 3. Did his mother keep her wallet in the kitchen?. 4. Did Russell open the door for the burglars?___ 5. Was Russell’s father angry with him?________ Answer these questions about you. 6. Did you do your homework yesterday?______ 7. Did you go out last night?__________________ 8. Did it rain yesterday?______________________ 5 Pronunciation Irregular past verbs i d o Which of these past tense verbs rhyme (sound the same)? Check (/)those that rhyme. Mark / for those that don’t. Practice saying them. 1. paid said 2. caught bought 3. cut put 4. read said 5. heard made 6. broke took 7. thought caught 8. ate met 9. won ran 0 0 □ □ □ □ □ □ □ Regular past verbs 2 G a o What is the pronunciation of these regular verbs in the past? Write them in the correct column. Then listen and check. watched happened started opened walked laughed repaired wanted picked called knocked unlocked listened carried decided rained whispered washed I V watched Id/ happened /id/ started Unit 3 • What happened next? 1 Prepositions of time Complete the time expressions with the correct prepositions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Sunday 7. 1999 8. March 9. three days 10. Wednesday afternoon 11. the weekend 12. . the morning . six o’clock . spring . Thanksgiving .April 1st . night Now complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. 1. I was born in Africa________ 1970. 2. We lived in Boston________ four years. 3. I went home_________the weekend. 4. They arrived_________three o’clock_________ the afternoon. 5. At my school we wore a different uniform_________ the summer. 6. She started her new j ob_________ May 3rd. 7. I hated driving_________ night when I lived abroad. 8. He left_________ Friday. Thanksgiving. 9. We always ate turkey _ 10. We got up late_________ Sunday morning. 11. Last year they went to Brazil_________ two weeks. Time expressions Complete the sentences with a word from the box. ago last when 1. My parents moved to Toronto. 2. I finished college three years__ . I was five. 3. I found an apartment on my own_________ year. 4. ________ we got home, we listened to some music. 5. I bought a car a few weeks:_________ 6. I had a car accident_________ night. 7. I didn’t go home________ weekend because some friends came to stay. Past Continuous 8 Forming the Past Continuous Y esterday you went to a party. This is what was happening when you arrived. Make sentences in the Past Continuous. When I arrived at the party ... 1. J enny / talk / to Mike Jenny was talking to Mike.________________ 2. Annie and Sarah / dance 3. Sarah and Bill / sit / on the sofa 4. Katie / choose / a CD 5. Max / drink / soda 6. Beth and Dave / eat / potato chips 7. J ustin / show / Lucinda a photograph 8. Harry / make / a sandwich 9. J ames / tell / a joke 9 Past Continuous in stories Look at the three stories on page 17. Match the phrases with the correct story. Where exactly do they go? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. ... and they were pulling the oars in different directions ... while he was counting the stolen money Unfortunately, two officers were standing next to the car at the time. ... while he was letting the air out of the last tire ... because he was studying the psychology of crime and needed to experience life in prison ... who were trying to escape from the police Unit 3 • What happened next? Bet goes wrong A man on a night out won a $20 bet by letting the air out of a police car’s tires. Dominic J ames, 34, was very pleased with his joke until the officers arrested him. “The two policemen were watching a group of youths when they heard a loud hissing noise,” a court in New York heard. The judge fined Mr. J ames $200. O Boat thieves arrested Two boat thieves rowed around in circles before being captured. The two men broke into a Norwegian ship, but when an alarm went off, they jumped into a boat that was tied to the ship and picked up an oar each. Unfortunately, neither of them knew how to row. After watching the pair go around and around in circles for half an hour, the police arrested them. Q Robber says "thank you" for prison sentence An armed robber welcomed a prison sentence, saying it will help his studies into the minds of criminals. Police arrested J ohn L. Baxter, 61, half a mile from the bank. He told the court that he wanted to be arrested. The judge didn’t believe him and sentenced him to nine years. Past Simple or Continuous? 10 Choosing the correct form Choose the correct form of the verbs. 1. I met / was meeting a friend while I shopped / was shopping. 2. I paid / was paying for my things when I heard / was hearing someone call my name. 3. I turned / was turning around and saw / was seeing J o. 4. She wore / was wearing a bright red coat. 5. We decided / were deciding to have a cup of coffee. 6. While we had / were having our coffee, a waiter dropped / was dropping a pile of plates. 7. We both got / were getting a terrible shock. 8. While the waiter picked / was picking up the broken plates, he cut/ was cuttinghis finger. Unit 3 • What happened next? 17 Vocabulary 11 Adverbs 1 Match a verb in A with an adverb in B. wait— fluently speak English carefully sing \ heavily do your homework X . fast run -patiently rain hard work beautifully 2 Complete the sentences with an adverb from the box. mainly possibly happily badly well really almost seriously exactly straight 1. Our team lost the game because they played so__________ 2. I di d__________ on the test. I got 98%. 3. A Are you going out? B _ _ _ _ _ _ . I don’t know yet. 4. My son’s _______ 8. I t’s his birthday next week. 5. The test was__________ difficult. I couldn’t do any of it. 6. I travel a lot for my j ob,___________to Asia. 7. There was an accident, but no one was _ injured. 8. I thought J ane and Henry were _____ married, but they just got divorced. 9. A How do I get to the station? B Go ahead, and turn left at the traffic light. 10. I have_________ $3.52 in my pocket. Not much, is it? 3 Correct the word order in the sentences. 1. I like very much modern art. 2. She plays very well the piano. 3. He explained quickly the situation. 4. I went last night to the movies. 5. I visit often my grandparents. Check it 12 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. What time did you got up this morning? 2. I no liked Tom Cruise’s new movie. 3. J ane studied very hard for her tests and past them all. 4. What did you do in your last birthday? 5. I took a shower when the phone rang. 6. I was taking my driver’s test three times before I passed. 7. David telled a joke but nobody laughed. 8. The baby peacefully was sleeping. 9. What did you do in Monday evening? 10. Where did you live when you met Frank? 13 Listening Someone stole my bag! 1 G 3E ) Someone stole Maria’s handbag. She is reporting the incident at the police station. Listen t the conversation between Maria and the policemai and correct the sentences. Maria put her jacket on because it was cold. No, she didn’t. She took her jacket off because she was too hot. 1. She was carrying her jacket in her right hand. 2. She got the cell phone two weeks ago. 3. The thief was about 35 years old. 4. He had long blond hair. 5. He was wearing shorts and a T-shirt. 6. The incident happened at three o’clock. 7. There was $15 in Maria’s wallet. 8. Maria’s car keys were in the bag. 2 One word is missing from each of these questions Write in the missing word and answer the questic 1. Where Maria walking? 2. Why she need her cell phone? 3. Why did stop walking? 4. What did thief do? 5. How many pockets her bag have? 6. Why was difficult to find her phone? 7. What in her bag? 8. Why the policeman say that Maria was lucky? 18 Unit 3 • What happened next? 4 The market pl ace Grammar: Count and noncount nouns • expressions of quantity • plural nouns • articles Vocabulary: Clothes Pronunciation: Weak and strong stress Shops J ohn’s shopping trip 1 Look at the map of the town. Where can J ohn get the things on his shopping list? u i s j j j y j #11 i j j j j i j i i i i i bread fruit . stamps meat .newspaper bakery 1 money shampoo English dictionary vacation brochure 2 Look at J ohn’s trip through town. I n what order did he get the things on his shopping list? Put a number 1-9 next to the things. Count and noncount nouns 2 a, an, or some! Put a or an before the count nouns, and some before the noncount nouns. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. some . book . sugar . stamp . car -gas . help . air . money . dollar . music .job .work . apple . fruit . tomato . tomato soup . bread . loaf of bread . information . news Unit 4 • The marketplace 19 3 chocolate or a chocolatel Sometimes a noun can be both count and noncount. Look at the pictures and complete the sentences with a +noun or just the noun. 1. I don’t like chocolate 5. I drink a lot of 7. Have 9. I t’s made of 2. Would you like a chocolate ? 4. Can you buy 6. Let’s have 8. Have some Expressions of quantity 4 some or any? Complete the sentences with some or any. 1. I don’t have any paper. 2. I’ll buy some paper when I go to the mall. 3. Is there________ gas in the car? 4. Yes. I put_________ in yesterday. 5. I bought. . fruit, but they didn’t have _________ vegetables. 6. Do you have_________ change? I need 50 cents. 7. I saw________ change on the table a minute ago. 8. I need_______ help with my homework. 9. I don’t have_________ free time today. Sorry. 10. Did you have_________ problems with this exercise? 5 How much? or How many? Write questions with How much? or How many? 1. We have some eggs. How many eaas do we have?________________________ 2. She makes a fortune! How much money does she make?___________________ 3. She has a lot of children. . have? 4. Can you buy some butter? . want: 5. Their house has a lot of bedrooms. __________________________________________ have: 6. Some people are coming for dinner on Sunday. ________________________________________coming' 7. Shakespeare wrote a lot of plays. __________________________________________write! 8. We need some flour. . need' 10. Would you like _____________of water? 20 Unit 4 • The marketplace o. eise? tave? 'ant? tave? ling? Ti t e? eed? A B C 1. Does your tooth hurt? ^ It takes them about an 2. Were there many people \ hour a night. at the party? J I’m trying to lose weight. 3. Would you like But most of the students some cream? A few. come from Korea. 4. Are there many Chinese \ '•I’m going to the dentist people in your class? KA little.-' tomorrow. 5. Did we get any letters? But no one that 6. Do your children get a lot you know. of homework? But most of them are bills. : much, many, or a lot of! Look at the picture. Complete the sentences with much, many, or a lot of. 1. There are a lot Of apples. 2. The store doesn’t have Much laundry detergent. 3. There’s oil. 4. The store has water. 5. There isn’t frozen food. 6. There isn’t candy. 7. The store has cheese. 8. Tcan see newspapers. 9. But I can’t see magazines. 10. There isn’t yogurt. 11. The store doesn’t have hirthday cards 12. There are grapes. 13. The store doesn’t have bread. 14. But there’s rice! 8 something, someone, or somewhere! Choose the correct word. 1. A Did someone / anyone / no one call when I was out? B No, no one / someone / anyone. 2. When we got to the meeting, there was somewhere / everywhere/ nowhere to sit because it was so full. 3. J ane knows no one / anyone / someone who can help you—her friend Sue. 4. He invited all his friends to his wedding and was happy because everyone / someone / anyone came. 5. I don’t have anything / nothing / something to wear to my interview. 6. George looked everywhere / somewhere / nowhere for his car keys, but he couldn’t find them somewhere / anywhere / nowhere. 7. Children who have something / anything / everything are often called spoiled. 8. There’s nothing / everything / something I want to tell you. Can you keep a secret? Unit 4 • The marketplace 21 a few or a little! Match a line in A with a line in B and a line in C. “Does your tooth hurt?” “A little. I’mgoing to the dentist tomorrow.” Articles 9 a, an, or the! Complete the sentences with a, an, or the. 1. I bought a CD and a book for a friend for her birthday. Unfortunately she already has thg CD. I ’ll take it back tomorrow. 2. A Where are______ children? B They’re i n______ backyard. 3. My sister’s teacher i n school near Seattle. She has three children, two girls and____ boy-----------girls are in her class at school, but___ boy isn’t old enough for school yet. 4. lane and Bill are very nice couple. She has clothing store, and he works i n office i n. . center of town. 5. A Where are my shoes? B On floor i n__ . kitchen. 6. A How much is driving school? B Twenty-five dollars hour. 7. Before you go to bed, can you feed cat and turn off lights? 8. I went to fantastic restaurant last night. 9. What’s name of I ndian restaurant on Quincy Street? 10 No article We do not use a, an, or the when we talk about things in general. Boys talk about things. Girls talk about people. Match a noun in A with a verb in B and a line in C to make general statements. Cows eat grass. 11 a, the, or nothing? Complete the sentences with a, the, or nothing (-). 1. I come to school by bus. 2. This morning bus was late. 3. Bangkok i s______ capital of Thailand. 4. I work for company that makes______ carpets. 5. I was at home all day yesterday. 6. We had______ nice vacation in Mexico. 7. Atlanta has__ 8. We arrived in. . busiest airport in the world. Brazil on third. 9. Last night we had. restaurant. dinner i n. 10. I went to. . bed late. Vocabulary 12 Clothes Write the words under the pictures. pants jacket hat socks suit boots coat sweater skirt shirt shoes dress 1. 2. 4. 5. A B C Cows Leaves Cats \ Birds Children \ Cars \ Fruit like fall off is f go / live J . eat y need oil and gas. .grass, in trees, full of vitamins, to school until they’re 18. trees in the fall, eating fish. 22 Unit 4 • The marketplace 10. 11. 12. 13 Spelling of plural nouns 1 Write the plural form of these nouns. 1. boy___________ 9. church _ 2. lady___________ 10. address. 3. day___________ 11. story___ 4. potato___________ 12. sandwich. 5. party___________ 13. key______ 6. watch___________ 14. video____ 7. glass___________ 15. way_____ city. These nouns are irregular. Write the plural form. 1. child___________ 2. person________ . 3. woman___________ 4. tooth___________ 5. sheep___________ 6. fish___________ heading W Spoiled kids’ bedrooms are their kingdoms Read the text about the bedrooms of today’s children. Answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Why are these children described as “spoiled”? 2. Which of these things can the kids do in their bedrooms? • access the Internet • chat with friends • listen to music • watch movies • exercise • send e-mail 3. What things do they have that aren’t electronic? 4. What does the girl in the article do in her bedroom? What does the boy do? 5. What is the effect on family life when children spend so much time in their bedrooms? 6. Which of these things do the majority of children in your hometown have? • a TV • a personal CD player • a DVD player • an iPod or MP3 player • a stereo system • a computer Spoiled kids’ bedrooms are their kingdoms Once upon a time a child’s bedroom had little more than a toy box, a book shelf, and a few posters. Today it looks more like something from a science fiction movie. Computers, cell phones, televisions, DVD players, video games, and other 21st-century toys fill the room, and often make the child’s bedroom the most expensive in the house. American 8- to 16-year-olds have bedroom possessions worth an average of $5,000. But they don’t just have high-tech items. The average child’s room also has designer clothes, sunglasses, watches, jewelry, and sports equipment. More than four in ten children have rooms that combine home office, home theater, and gym. Nine in ten have a TV, and seven in ten a DVD player. Nearly all of them have a stereo system and six in ten have either a personal CD player, iPod, or MP3 player. One in four has their own computer. With so much to do in their bedrooms, it is no surprise that children spend more time there than anywhere else in the house. One girl spends so long on her cell phone in her room that her parents have to text her to speak to her. Another child disappears into his room as soon as he gets home from school and plays video games until bedtime. Children’s bedrooms have become their kingdoms. Some families rarely do anything together. People eat different meals at different times, and watch different TV shows in different rooms. Unit 4 • The marketplace Pronunciation 15 Weak and strong stress In English, some words in a sentence or phrase are more important than others. Short words like of, for, a, the, and, and to are often not important, and they are usually unstressed. K I W I Read and listen to this poem. All the lines have the same stress pattern This is because the first and third words are not important. A piece of cake A loaf of bread A glass of milk It’s time for bed. At nine o’clock It’s time for school. I won’t be late ’Cause I ’m no fool. 2 G30 Put the phrases in the right box. There are two phrases for each box. a-eftften of milk some salt and pepper a steak for my dinner some eggs for breakfast an order of fries a can of Coke a package of cookies a bag of chips A. • • • • B. • • • • • • C. • • • • • D. • • • « • a carton of milk Check it 16 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. Could I have any milk in my coffee, please? 2. “Do we have milk for the coffee?” “No, I didn’t buy some.” 3. J ustin has a new job. He’s making so many money! 4. There aren’t some students in the coffee shop. 5. I t’s Tom’s party tonight, and I don’t have something to wear! 6. “Look at this mess! Did you do this, Henry?” “No, it wasn’t me! I didn’t do nothing!” 7. “Did you get a seat on the train this morning?” “No, there was somewhere to sit. I had to stand the whole way! 8. I came to work by the car this morning. Fortunately, there was only a few traffic. 9. I don’t eat the fish because I don’t like it. 10. There are too many childrens in my daughter’s class. 17 Listening At the back of the classroom i G3E3 Billy and Henry are both 10 years old. They are sitting in the back of the classroom. Mrs. Blair is their teacher. Listen to thei conversation and complete these lines. 1. ______ _____you like____________ Halloween candy? 2. How____________ pieces did you____________ ? I didn’t get that. 3. He always gets so. 4. He gets_________ 5. I ’d love_________ . he wants. . of_ . of the time. . new. 6. I don’t want. .clothes. I want - . of jeans. . for my 7. new video game system. ____________ has it here. Y ou can. . get it in J apan. 8. I don’t know _ 9. He doesn’t make. . who lives in J apan. money. He just sends me 10. So. . dollars for my birthday. homework! I t’s not fair! GIEB Listen again. Are the sentences true ( / ) or false (X)? Correct the false ones. 1. Billy gives Henry some of his Halloween candy. 2. Henry didn’t get many pieces of candy. 3. J ack Blakely only got a few pieces. 4. J ack always gets so much for his birthday. 5. Billy wants a new pair of jeans for his birthday. 6. Henry wants something for his bike for his birthday. 7. Billy knows a lot of people who live in J apan. 8. Billy’s uncle sometimes sends him money for his birthday. 24 Unit 4 • The marketplace Grammar: Verb patterns • future forms Vocabulary: -ed/-ing adjectives Pronunciation: Confusing vowel sounds 0-20: You aren't very ambitious! You're happy with a quiet life. 20-50: You're pretty ambitious, but you don't want to work too hard! Over 50: You're very ambitious! Good luck, and try to be nice to people! Unit 5 • W h a t do you want to do? f 111 m S c o r i n g 1. a: 0 b: 5 c: 10 4. Yes: 10 No: 0 2. a: 0 b: 5 c: 10 5. Yes: 10 No: 0 3. nanny/artist: 0 6. look forward: 10 last moment: 0 police officer/teacher/journalist: 2 7. Yes: 10 No: 0 famous actor/singer: 5 8. love: 0 happiness: 5 money: 10 doctor/company president: 10 health: 0 Verb patterns How ambitious are you? Answer the questionnaire and add up your score to see how ambitious you are. Howambitious are you: Q In ten years do you hope to a. have an interesting but not very well-paid job? b. have a well-paid job that isn't very interesting? c. have a job that is well paid and interesting? @ In 20 years do you want to a. have enough money to pay your bills? b. have quite a lot of money? c. have a lot of money? © Here is a list of jobs. Which would you like to do? Choose your favorite. police officer nanny doctor journalist teacher famous actor/singer artist company president When you're playing a game or doing a sport, do you always want to win? © Do you enjoy working hard? ^ If you have some extra work to do, do . you look forward to doing it and do it soon, or do you wait until the last moment? Would you like to have more money than most of your friends? Which of the following is most important to you? love money happiness health 2 Hopes and ambitions Write a sentence about each of these people’s ambitions. I f '' 1. Sheila / want / teacher / enjoy / work / with children Sheila wants to be a teacher because she en joys working with children._____________________________________ 2. J ane / hope / vet / love / work / with animals J U .. V~y. 't I. . i j U ' i i'- .. u>. 3. Malcolm / would like / change jobs / he / not enjoy / outside in bad weather 4. J ames / going to be / IT specialist / want / make / a lot of money 5. J ill / hope / become a doctor / want / help children in developing countries 6. J anine / want / accountant / like / work / with numbers 7. My husband / going to retire next year / want / have more free time 3 Infinitive or -ingl Complete the sentences with the infinitive or -ing form of the verb. Sometimes both are possible. 1. I enjoy________ (walk) in the rain. 2. I hope________ (make) more money soon. 3. Are you thinking about________(paint) the kitchen? 4. I started________ (study) English when I was 7. 5. I ’d like________ (send) this letter, please. 6. We want________ (get) married in the spring. 7. When she saw how I was dressed, she started ------------ (laugh). 8. What do you want________(do) tonight? 9. I like________ (listen) to live music. 10. I really want________ (meet) your brother. 11. I ’d like________(save) some money, but it’s difficult. 4 Asking questions Write B’s questions and complete A’s answers. 1. A I hope to go to university. B What / want / study? What do you want to study? A I want to study math. 2. A Carol called while you were out. B What / want / talk about? * A ______________________ a problem she’s having. 3. A I might quit my job soon. B Why / think / do that? A ______________________ because it’s boring. 4. A I ’m going to bed early because I have a plane to catch tomorrow. B What time / want / leave the house? A .___________________as early as possible. 5. A My new Spanish teacher is great! B When / start / study / Spanish? _______________________________________________ A last month. 8. My parents think / buy / a house by the sea / love / sail Unit 5 • What do you want to do? would like (to do) or like (doing)l 5 Would you... ? or Do you... ? G3E9 Match the questions and answers. ? 1. Would you tike to watch TV? a. Yes, especially movies and cartoons. 2. Would you tike something to eat? | b. Yes, I’d love to. What time? Hn you likp partip«;? ' ---- c No. There’s nothing good on tonight. No, not really. They’re too noisy and crowded. 4. Do you like fries? d. 5. Do you like watching TV? e. No. 1think they’re very bad for you. 6. Would you like to come to a party on Saturday? f. No, thanks. I’m not hungry. 6 Choosing the correct form Check ( / ) the correct form of the verb. 1. A Would you like something to drink? Do you like something to drink? B Yes, please. I ’ll have some orange juice. 2. A Do you like your teacher? I IWould you like your teacher? B Yes, she’s very nice. 3. A J Do you like going for walks? I IWould you like to go for a walk? B Yes, I often go walking by the lake. 4. A Do you like swimming? i j Would you like to go for a swim? B What a good idea! I t’s so hot today! 5. A What do you like doing on weekends? What would you like to do this weekend? B I like putting my feet up and relaxing. Sometimes I play tennis. 7 would like or like? Complete the sentences with would like (to do) or like (doing). 1. A Would you___________ (come) with us? B No thanks. I ___________ (go) downtown. 2. A ___________you___________ (be) a teacher when you grow up? B No. They work very hard but they don’t make very much. 3. My son is a very fast runner. He says that one day he ___________(run) in the Olympic Games. 4. My daughter has a lot of pens and pencils. She ___________(draw). 5. A Where___________you____________ (go) on vacation? B To Mexico City. I ____ and ancient buildings. . (visit) museums will, going to, or Present Continuous? 8 Offers and decisions Look at the pictures. What are the people saying? Make sentences with will. 9 What’s going to happen? Look at the pictures. What’s going to happen? Make sentences with is/are going to + verb. 1. It’s going to rain._____________________________________________ 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7. 10 Arrangements Put the verbs in the Present Continuous to express a future arrangement. 1. What_______ you_________ (do) tonight?_________you ------------- (go) out? (meet) Alan. We______ 2. Yes. I . 3. I ____ (go) to the movies. (have) a party next Saturday. Can you come? we________ (have) for lunch? I ’m starving! 4. 4. What______ 5. We________ (have) lamb. I t’ll be ready in five minutes. 6. The children are excited because they________ (go) to the zoo tomorrow. 7. When________you________ (see) Peter again? 8. I ________ (see) him tomorrow morning. Why do you ask? 28 Unit 5 • What do you want to do? I Choosing the correct form Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. A Why are you working so hard these days? B Because I ’ll buy / I ’m going to buy a car, so I ’m saving as much as I can. I . A What will you buy / are you going to buy J ill for her birthday? B Some chocolates. A She doesn’t like chocolate. B Oh. I ’ll buy / I ’m going to buy her a book, then. . A Dad, can you fix this for me? B I can’t, sorry. Ask Mom. She’ll do / She’s going to do it for you. 4. A Why are you cooking so much food? B Because some friends will come / are coming for dinner. 5. A What will you do / are you going to do today? B I t’s J ohn’s birthday, so I ’ll make / I ’m going to make him a cake. 6. A I have an appointment with the bank manager this morning. B Why will you see / are you going to see him? A Because my husband and I will start / are going to start our own business, and we need some money. A I don’t have enough money to get home. B I ’ll lend / I ’m going to lend you some if you want. How much do you need? A Two dollars is enough. I ’ll give / I ’m going to give it back tomorrow. 8. A Let’s have lunch together tomorrow. B I can’t. I ’ll meet / I ’m meeting my mother for lunch. Some other time, maybe. Vocabulary 12 -ed/-ing adjectives Complete the sentences with a word from the box. Careful! They are not all used. interested/interesting annoyed/annoying frightened/frightening bored/boring excited/exciting disappointed/disappointing exhausted/exhausting worried/worrying surprised/surprising 1. The TV program was so________ that I fell asleep. 2. Children can’t get to sleep the night before their birthday. They’re too_________ 3. A Hi, Mom! B Carol! Thank goodness you called! Where have you been? We’ve been so________about you! 4. A Hello, darling. I ’ve got a present for you. B For me? A Don’t look so_________I buy you presents all the time. B But it isn’t my birthday! 5. The art exhibition was very_________ I loved it, but I had to leave after three hours. My feet were killing me! I find going around art galleries and museums really_________ 6. Some people don’t go out at night because they’re________ that someone will rob them. 7. Our financial situation is very ....... . We spend more and more, but we’re earning less and less. 8. A Y ou’re yawning. Are you listening to what I ’m saying? B I am! I ’m really________ I want to know what happened. I t’s just that I feel_________I went to bed very late last night. 9. A I ’m going on a three-month trip to Asia. B How________ ! Lucky you! 10. A Was your father________when you told him your test results? B He was furious. Unit 5 • What do you want to do? 29 Pronunciation 13 Confusing vowel sounds G3ED Some words are easy to confuse because the vowel sounds are similar. Look at these sentences. a. I won’t /wount/ go. b. I want /want/ to go. Complete the sentences with one of the words in italics. want to / won’t 1. I ________ have coffee. I ’m in a hurry. 2. I ________ have coffee. I ’m thirsty. walk / work 3. I ________ in a bank. 4. I often________ to school. chip / cheap 5. Can I have a potato________ ? 6. This shirt was very_________ live / leave 7. What time do you________ work? 8. Where do you________ ? sell/ sale 9. Boswell’s department store is having a ________ this week. 10. Do you________ stamps? bought/ boat 11. I ________ a sweater on sale. 12. I ’d love to have a_________ test / taste 13. We had a math____ 14. I don’t like the____ ankle / uncle 15. I really like my____ 16. My________ hurts. feel / fill 17. How do you______ 18. I need to____ _ today, of eggs. . the car with gas. 30 Unit 5 • What do you want to do? Check it 14 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. J ack is wanting to be a soccer player when he grows up. 2. I ’m thinking to buy a new car. 3. I ’d like going to the movies tonight. 4. J oss enjoys to read romantic books, especially J ane Austen. 5. Why did you decide leaving school? 6. Do you like to go to a Korean restaurant tonight? 7. I hope hearing from you soon. 8. When will you start your new job? Will you take a vacation first? 9. I was so surprising to see J im. I thought he was abroad. 10. Sam went to home early. He wasn’t feeling very well. 15 Listening Summer vacations 1 G3E3 Robert and Serena both work in an office. They are talking about their summer vacations. Listen and answer the questions. 1. Why is Serena excited? 2. Where are Robert and Serena going on vacation? 3. Is Serena going to stay in a hotel? 4. Where does she usually go on vacation? 5. Why aren’t Robert and his family going on vacation this year? 6. What’s his dream? 7. Is he definitely going to take his children to the beach? 8. What did Serena forget to buy? 2 E l ED Listen again. Complete these lines from Robert and Serena’s conversation. 1. I am really_____ 2. We wanted to go. go to France. 3. I ’d love________ 4. I ’d_____________ . forward. . the weekend. . different this year, so we. .to . this job. . improve my French, of course. I can speak it a. 5. We’re__ now, but I ’d like to be fluent. . to________ money for a new car, and we 6. I ’m. . to renovate the house. to go on a________ day trips to the beach with the kids. 7. Susie__ . to practice her French, you know. She’s. in French now. I forgot______ . one. I ’l l . . and get it this evening, if that’s OK. 6 Places and t hi ngs Grammar: What... like? • comparatives and superlatives Vocabulary: Synonyms and antonyms Pronunciation: How many syllables? What... like? What is/are ...like? 1 Y our friend is living in Australia for a year. Ask questions about the country. 1. the weather What’s the weather like? 2. the countryside 3. the people 4. the towns 5. Sydney 6. the beaches 7. the TV shows 2 Match a question in Exercise 1with an answer. a. There aren’t many. They’re mainly on the coast. b. [7] I t’s hot almost all year round. c. Q I t’s a spectacular place. The Opera House is fantastic. d. j There are millions of sheep and a lot of desert. e. | ! They have beautiful white sand, and are miles long. f. Q They’re really nice and friendly. g. [_ J They’re a lot like the ones at home. What was/were... like? Complete the questions about Robert’s terrible vacation. 1. A What was t he hot el like? B Awful. My room was tiny, and the service was bad. 2. A What________________________like? B I t was terrible. I waited over six hours for the plane. 3. A What________________________like? B Miserable! It rained every day! 4. A What______ like? B They were crowded and dirty. There was no sand on them, just stones! 5. A What __________________ like? B Disgusting! French fries with everything, and they didn’t cook them very well. Unit 6 • Places and things 31 Comparatives and superlatives 3 Forming comparatives and superlatives bi9 /bl 9/ adJ- (bigger, biggest) Look at this extract from a dictionary. I t shows when the consonant in ^ large. Denvei is a big city. an adjective doubles in the comparative and superlative forms. 2 important: I have some big news! Write the comparative and superlative forms of these adjectives. 1. happy 2. beautiful 3. modem 4. difficult 5. hot 6. good 7. short 8. stingy 9. generous happier happiest 4 Opposite adjectives 5 G3EDComplete the sentences with an opposite adjective in its comparative or superlative form. 1. Robert is the oldest in the family. No, he isn’t. He’s the youngest . 2. Andrew is more polite than his brother. No, he isn’t. He’s____________ 3. I ’m the tallest in this class! No, you aren’t. Y ou’re____________ 4. My homework was better than yours. No, it wasn’t. I t was____________ 5. The weather today is colder than yesterday. No, it isn’t. I t’s____________ 6. She bought the cheapest watch in the shop. No, she didn’t. She bought____________ 7. J ack’s stingier than Alan. No, he isn’t. He’s____________ 8. J anet arrived later than J ohn. No, she didn’t. She arrived____________ 9. The city is quieter than the country. No, it isn’t. The city is much____________ 10. This is the easiest exercise in this book. No, it isn’t. I t’s____________ 10. thin 11. early 12. noisy 13. young 14. bad 15. expensive 16. rude 17. fat 18. large as or than? Complete the sentences with as or than. 1. Are you as tall____ ^s your brother? 2. She’s not as smart___________ her sister. 3. Was J oan’s party better___________ Maria’s? 4. I ’m studying the same subject____________Emma. 5. Liz works much harder___________ J ohn. 6. I don’t have as many cousins____________you. B f l h / X Unit 6 • Places and things Reading 7 The London Eye Read the newspaper article about the London Eye. Answer the questions. 1. Write two facts about the London Eye. I t i s______________ high. I t is situated_________________ __________________ 2. Write two opinions about it. It i s_______________ than the Eiffel Tower. It i s_______________ than the Sydney Opera House. 3. Why, according to lames Elliot, is the Eye so popular? Give two reasons. 4. What do these numbers refer to? 4.2 2000 25 million 40 5. What other places abroad have won awards? London Eye is the world’s best tourist attraction The London Eye is among the world’s most famous landmarks—as famous as the Eiffel Tower, the Statue of Liberty, and the Great Wall o f China. ' THE 135-METER-HI GH EY E on the south bank of the River Thames was voted the world’s best tourist attraction in a recent poll, more popular than sights such as the Sydney Opera House and Mt. Fuji in J apan. J ames Elliot, director of the British Tourist Board, said the L ondon Eye represented the modern face of the UK . “We are known throughout the world for our history, but the London Eye is a modern monument. “I t’s not just the attraction itself, but the wonderful views of other L ondon attractions, such as the Houses of Parliament and St. Paul’s Cathedral, that make it so special,” he said. Mr. Elliot said it was the most popular tourist attraction in the UK , receiving 4.2 million visitors a year. I t is the biggest “big wheel” in the world. Since it opened in 2000, it has welcomed more than 25 million visitors, and has won more than 40 awards. I n the poll, New Y ork’s Bloomingdale’s was voted the best department store. The Great Wall of China was the best wonder of the medieval world, and the Pyramids in Egypt were the best ancient wonder. 5 as.. .as or not as.. .asl Rewrite the sentences with as ... as or not a s ... as. 1. My son is already the same height as me. My son is already as tall as me. 2. J ill’s more intelligent than Bill. Bill’s___________________ J ill. 3. Mexico’s hotter than the U.S. The U.S. i s___________________ Mexico. 4. Are you and Pete the same age? Are you___________________ Pete? 5. You can read more quickly than I can. I can’t ___________________ you can. 6. She speaks good Korean and she speaks good Thai. Her Korean i s___________________ her Thai. 7. Come and see me at the first moment you can. Come and see me___________________ possible. 8. Eva’s work is better than mine. My work i s___________________Eva’s. 9. Dogs are friendlier than cats. Cats are___________________ dogs. 10. His mother is a better cook than him. He can’t cook___________________ his mother. Unit 6 • Places and things 33 Vocabulary 8 Synonyms and antonyms 1 Match a word in A with a synonym in B. A B difficult — great begin wealthy wonderful / stop rich ( depart finish V start leave ^hard 2 Complete the sentences with a synonym. O Vocabulary spot We can make some adjectives and verbs opposite by using these prefixes. adjectives un- im- verbs un- dis- 3 Complete the sentences, using the correct form of a word from the box and a prefix. pack possible agree like appear polite employed healthy lucky 1. A The movie was wonderful, wasn’t it? 1. B Yes, I thought it was 2. 2. A What time do you stop work? 3. B I at 5:30. 4. 3. A That test was difficult. 5. B Tt was so I couldn't do any of it. 6. 4. A The next train to Chicago departs from platform 3. 7. B Yes, that’s right. It 8. at 11:45. 5. A His family is rich, isn’t it? 9. B Well, they have three houses, so they’re pretty 6. A What time does the movie start? B Tt at 9:00, so don’t be late. our suitcases. B I I think it’s a good idea. 6. I was 7. I t was ________for two years, then I got a job in an office. ________ of him to ask her age. The thief stole my bag and____________ into the crowd. I never saw him again. I don’t ____________ fish. I just prefer meat. Pronunciation 9 How many syllables? © G3ED Some words seem to have more syllables when we write them, but when we say them, we can lose a syllable. Chocolate looks like three syllables, but we say /tjaklat/. different /difrant/ family /faemli/ general /d3snrol/ Practice saying the words. i GO EDWrite in the box the letter of matching phonetic symbols. 1. favorite □ a. /vsd3t3bl 2. interesting □ b. /kAmftal: 3. vegetable □ c. /feivrat/ 4. several □ d. /rsstrant 5. comfortable □ e. /wenzde 6. Wednesday □ f. /æspron/ 7. restaurant □ g- /intrastn 8. aspirin □ h. /sevrai/ Unit 6 • Places and things 2 Match a line in A with a line in B. Then practice saying the sentences. A B 1. 1need a comfortable---------- 2. I’m the youngest ) 3. There’s a new Chinese / 4. There are several interesting I 5. I’ll see you on ^ 6. My children have such 7. Potatoes are my favorite 8. 1like all candy, but especially 9. The quiz tests 10. When 1have a headache, a. movies showing now. b. different personalities. c. vegetable. d. your general knowledge. ^e. bed to sleep on. f. in my family. g. 1take an aspirin. h. Wednesday night at 7:00. i. chocolate. j. restaurant in town. You should try it. Check it 10 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. Thailand is a lot more hotter than Korea. 2. “What’s like your chicken curry?” “I t’s spicy and delicious!” 3. Was very crowded downtown? 4. “What was the people like in Australia?” “Very friendly!” 5. I was so unhappy. I got the baddest grades in the class. 6. I ’m nearly as big than my brother. 7. Susannah’s most intelligent in the class. 8. The Great White Shark is the more dangerous shark in the world! 9. Toyko was more beautiful that I expected. 10. What does the weather like? 11 Listening The richest man in town 1 n i n Danny Thomas is a plumber who has just won the lottery. A reporter from his local newspaper is interviewing him. Listen to the interview. Are the sentences true ( / ) or false(X)? Correct the false ones. 1. EH Danny doesn’t make much money. 2. EEI The money isn’t going to change his life. 3. EEI The first thing he is going to buy is a new car. 4. EEE The reporter asks Danny, “Do you like being famous?” 5. EEI Danny doesn’t really think he’s the most handsome man in Watford. 6. EEI Now that he’s wealthy he’s going to have plastic surgery. 7. □ He wants to lose a little weight. 8. □ He’s going to take his parents to an expensive restaurant. 2 Read the newspaper article about Danny. Fill in each blank with the correct adjective from the box. Use each adjective only once. large old happy small favorite different the most expensive faster nicer richest ugly happiest generous the most handsome LOCAL MAN WI NS $10,000,000 LAST WEEK Danny Thomas was a fairly (1)________ 42-year-old plumber living in a (2)_________ two-bedroom house in North Watford. He owned a really (3 ) ________ red van, and his (4 ) ________ food was the pepperoni pizza from the local delivery place. Then Danny won the lottery. A cool $10,000,000! He is now the (5 ) ________ and the (6)_________ man in North Watford, and the women now think he is (7)________ ! He’s exchanged his van for a silver Porsche, and he’s looking for a (8)________ house in a (9)________ part of the town. “I always wanted a silver Porsche,” said Danny, “and now I’ve got one. I t’s certainly a lot (10)________ than my van.” There are some things in Danny’s life that will never be (11)_________ “I ’m still an (12)________ old guy with no hair,” laughed Danny. “I love my pizza and my French fries, and that will never change!” Danny has also been very (13 ) _________with his winnings. He’s taking his parents to stay in (14 ) _________hotel in Hawaii, and he’s giving $10,000 to the children’s ward at Watford hospital. Unit 6 • Places and things 35 Grammar: Present Perfect Vocabulary: Word endings - adjectives Pronunciation: Word stress Present Perfect 1 Famous people past and present 1 Complete the questions and answers using the verbs in parentheses. 1. How many books___ feas J .K. Rowling sol d (sell)? She__has sold (sell) over 300 million copies of the Harry Potter books. 2. How many plays did Shakespeare write (write)? He__ wrote____(write) 37. 3. How many wives Henry V I I I ____________ (have)? He____________ (have) six. 4. How many husbands____________ J ennifer L opez____________ (have) So far she___________ (have) three. 5. How many Grand Slam Titles _________Venus Williams__________ (win)? She____________ (win) seven. 6. How many Wimbledon titles___________ Martina Navratilova ____________ (win)? She____________ (win) nine. 7. How many times___________ Pelé_____________(play) for Brazil? He____________ (play) for them 92 times. 8. How many times___________ Y aoMing_____________(play) in the Olympics? He____________ (play) more than three times. 2 Who do these sentences refer to? Write the correct number. Use informa in Exercise 2. a. & He played in the 2000, 2004, and 2008 Olympics so far. b. She has earned more than $22 million in her professional caret c. She has recently married a singer and given birth to twins. d . ______ She has written seven books about Harry Potter, the boy wizar e. His first play was Henry VI Part One, which he wrote in 1589. f. He married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, in 1509. g. She won her first Wimbledon title in 1978. h . ______ He played his last game for his country in 1970. 7 Fame! 36 Unit 7 • Fame! 2 Making questions Complete the questions. 1. How many books about Harry Potter____has____ J .K. Rowling written ? Seven. 2. How many professional teams____________ Yao Ming____________ for? Two. One in China and one in the U.S. 3. How long____________ J ennifer L opez____________ an actress? Since 1986. 4. How much___________ Venus Williams ____________ in her professional career? Over $22 million. 5. When____________Shakespeare____________ Henry VI Part One? I n 1589. 6. Where____________ Henry VII I’s fourth wife, Anne of Cleves,____________ from? She came from Germany. 7. Which team__________ Pelé______________for in Brazil? He played for Santos. 8. Where____________ Martina Navratilova born? In the Czech Republic. 3 Short answers Make short answers about the people in Exercises 1-3. 1. Has J .K. Rowling written her autobiography? No. she hasn’t.____________________________________ 2. Has Yao Ming played for a European team? 3. Has Pelé stopped playing for Brazil? 4. Have Venus and Serena Williams played each other? 5. Has J ennifer Lopez made a lot of singles? 6. Has Martina Navratilova ever been married? 4 Making negatives Make negative sentences in the Present Perfect about J .K. Rowling. 1. She / not always / work / as a writer She hasn’t always worked as a writer._______________ 2. She / not publish / a book for adults yet 3. She/never / live / in I reland 4. She / never be / very good at sports 5. She / not always / lived in the UK 5 Tense review In the sentences about J .K. Rowling, circle the correct tense. 1. When she was young, she lives / lived / has lived in Wales. 2. She has / had / has had several jobs in her life. She was a secretary and a teacher before being a writer. 3. I n her twenties she teaches / taught/has taught in Portugal. 4. She is married / was married / has been married twice. 5. She now has / had / has had houses in Scotland and London. 6. Her first book appears / appeared / has appeared in 1997. 7. Since then she earns / earned / has earned an estimated $1.3 billion. 8. She always wants / always wanted / has always wanted to be an author. Unit 7 • Fame! 3 6 Past participles Write the past participle of these verbs. 1. walk 7 come 3. write 4. win 5. sell 6. try 7. read 8. play 9. find 10. visit 11. stop ___________ 12. study___________ 13. die ___________ 14. do ___________ 7 for or since? Complete the sentences with for or since. 1. I haven’t seen K eith___________ a while. 2. He’s been in China___________ J anuary. 3. He works for a company called KMP. He has worked for them___________ several years. 4. He and his wife have lived next to me ____________ their son, Tom, was born 5. I have known them___________ many years. 6. We have been friends ________ we were in college together. 7. His wife, Carrie, is a designer. She has had her own studio___________ six months. 8. I ’m taking care of Tom today. He’s been at my house____________ 8:00 this morning. Vocabulary 8 Word endings - adjectives 1 Use the suffixes in the box to write the adjectives formed from these nouns. -y -al -ful -less -tic -ant Noun Adjective 1. success successful 2. luck 3. romance 4. care (x2) 5. health 6. person 7. importance 8. use (x2) 2 Complete the sentences with an adjective from Exercise 1. 1. I try to live a_lifestyle—lots of exercise, fruit, and nc junk food. 2. Mom and Dad, I have some_________ news. I ’m getting marr 3. She had a car crash, but she was_________ to escape with no injuries at all. * 4. Venice is a very_________ city. A lot of people go there on the honeymoons. 5. Before you can get a credit card, you have to give a lot of ________ details. 6. After his heart attack, he needed major surgery, but fortunate the operation was_________ 7. My sister is so__________ I lent her my watch and she lost it. 8. This knife i s__________ Y ou can’t cut anything with it. 9. Be_________ when you ride your motorcycle. 10. I speak French, which was very________ when I went to worl in Quebec. 38 Unit 7 • Fame! Reading 9 Steven Spielberg, a Hollywood legend Read the article and put the verb in parentheses in the correct tense: Present Simple, Past Simple, or Present Perfect. 10 Asking questions Write the questions about Steven Spielberg. 1. What does he do ? He’s a filmmaker. 2. How much money_____________________________ Billions of dollars. 3. _______________ he ever_______________ an Oscar? Yes, he has. Three. 4. What_________________________________________ English literature. H n w n l r l when he ? Thirteen. When Kate Capshaw? I n 1991. W h a t She’s an actress. ch i l d r e n ? Yes, they have seven! W h e r e In California. Steven Spielberg, a Hollywood legend STEVEN SPIELBERG (1) i s (be) the most :amous filmmaker in the history of Hollywood. Since 1975, he (2)__________ (direct) many of the most successful American movies, including Jaws, E.T.—the Extra Terrestrial, Raiders of the Lost Ark, Jurassic Park, Schindler's List, and War of the Worlds, and he (3)_________ make) billions of dollars. Since he started making movies, he (4 ) __________(won) many awards, including three Oscars. Even as a young child, he had a fascination for the movie industry. He (5 )__________(make) little movies that involved crashes with his train set, and his friends paid to see them! Then he got a prize for his first real movie, called Escape to Nowhere, when he was only 13 years old. But he still couldn't get into film school, so he (6)__________ (study) English literature at California State University. While he was a student, he made another movie called Amhlin. Because of this movie, he (7)__________ (get) his first job at Universal Studios, and he became the youngest-ever director to work for a major movie studio. Steven Spielberg says that his success at work is because of his happy family life. He (8) — ----------- (be) happily married to his second wife, actress Kate Capshaw, since 1991, and between them they have seven children. They all (9) (live) in California, where he now has his own film studio. Although he is always busy, he only (10)__________ (work) from 9:30 to 5:30 during the week, and never on weekends. Although he is one of the most successful filmmakers of all time, he is a family man first! Unit 7 • Fame! 39 Pronunciation Check it 11 Word stress 1 G3D Put these three- and four-syllable words in the correct stress box. Practice saying the words. wonderful successful government possibly mysterious reasonable information competition journalist exactly politician photographer employment seriously comfortable A. • • • B. C. • • • • D. • • • • E. • • • • 2 P i n Practice saying these sentences. 1. He found employment as a photographer. 2. She wants to be a successful politician and work in government. 3. I saw some information about a competition with wonderful prizes. 4. We bought a comfortable sofa at a reasonable price in exactly the right color. Unit 7 • Fame! 12 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. What have you done on the weekend? 2. Luke is such a difficult child. He became so spoiled! He gets everything he wants. 3. I ’ve been at the school since three months. 4. Where have you met your husband? 5. Princess Diana has died in a car crash in Paris in 1997. 6. Roald Dahl wrote lots of children’s books. He died since mor< than ten years, but his books are still very popular. 7. My teacher is very impatience. She always tells us to hurry up and finish our work. 8. Harry’s neighbor is so helpless. When Harry’s away, she feeds his cat, waters the flowers, and even cuts the grass! 9. I live here for five years. 10. Teresa has a new job as a hotel reception. 13 Listening Welcome to The Peter Peterson Showl 1 Pin The Peter Peterson Show is a popular talk show. Petersoi interviews A-list celebrities. Listen to an interview with Damien Decker, Hollywood’s latest young star. 2 Are the sentences true ( / ) or false (X)? Correct the false senten 1. □ War Without Guns hasn’t been a success. 2. O Damien has been famous for a long time. 3. □ He’s wanted to be an actor since he was a child. 4. □ Ben Storm is a very successful Hollywood actor. 5. HH Damien plays the part of a politician. 6. □ The movie is not just a war movie. 7. EH Christina Diaz plays Damien’s wife in the movie. 8. □ Peter enjoyed War Without Guns. 3 Complete the story of Damien using the verb in parentheses in right tense. DAMIEN DECKE the next J ames Bond? DAMIEN DECKER (1) ls_______(be) now a famous Hollyw star, but he (2)___________always_____________ (not be) fame only six months ago he (3)____________ (be) a waiter at Hambui Heaven. Damien (4)____________ (want) to be an actor since he (5 ) (be) a small child, and now at last his dream (6 ) ___________ (come) true. He (7)_____________ (star) in tht movie War Without Guns, which (8) (open) just la week and (9) already____________ (become) a bi; success. Damien (10)____________ (hope) to be the next J ames ] Dos and don’t s Grammar: have to • should and must Vocabulary: Men and women • Job descriptions Pronunciation: Words that rhyme have to 1 has to/doesn’t ha ve to 1 Tristan, the vet, has made a list of things to do. Look at his list and read his assistant’s notes. 2 What does he have to do? What doesn’t he have to do? 1. He has to qo to Ted Willet’s farm._______________ 2. He doesn’t haveto take the medicine for the cows. 3. _________________________________________ 4. _________________________________________ 5. _________________________________________ 7. 9. Thi ngs t o do t hi s week J. Go to Ted Willet’s farm. 2. T a k e t h e medicine for the cows, (x - I ’ve- nl re-pi d^ g-ive-1'i Tfi-ii tl^-e- nufi-iiic.i'W®-) 3. Check the new baby sheep. 4. Visit Mrs. Meade’s sick cat again, (x - -not «lecMSWfl. i t ' s b e t t e r *u*v) 5. G i v e Mrs. Meade the bill. (x - iW v»u\i £e<d i t ) 6. Drive to Smithson Stables on Thursday. 7. Call the stables to ask for directions, (x - -not Examine the racehorses, q. Write a health report for Mr. Smithson. 2 Short answers Someone is asking Tristan, the vet, questions. Write Tristan’s answers. 1. Do you have to get up early? Yes. I do.________________________________ 2. Do you sometimes have to work at night? 3. Do you have to wear a uniform? 4. Did you have to study hard to become a vet? 5. Did you have to look for a job? 6. Does Ted Willet have to give the cows some medicine? 7. Do you have to visit Mrs. Meade’s cat? 8. Does Mrs. Meade have to pay the bill? Unit 8 • Dos and don’ts A 3 Making questions Put the words in the correct order to make questions. 1. time / you / up / what / have / get / do / to / ? What time do you have to get up?______________ 2. job / wear / have / for / uniform / you / your / to / do / a / ? 3. books / have / many / you / buy / so / why / did / to/? 4. U.S. / visa / get / to / to / go / you / do / have / a / the / to / ? 5 Making positive and negative sentences Make ten true sentences about you and your family, using the chart. Add a comment if you can. My grandfather doesn’t have to go to work. He’s retired. 1 do the dishes. We babysit. My parents have to make the beds. My mother has to do the shopping. My father don’t have to do the cooking. My sister My brother / do the ironing, work in the yard. My grandmother -doesn’t have to->^ get up early. My grandfather—' -go to work. 5. J ohn / does / pills / take / often / his / how / have / to / ? 6. plant / carefully / you / take / of / care / do / have / to / this / very / ? have to Complete the sentences with /jave to, /ias to, or ftarf to and a suitable verb. 1. I have t o wear glasses because my eyes aren’t very good. 2. Remember! When you drive in the U.S. you ____________ on the right! 3. A Can I go and see the dentist when I want? B Well, usually you____________ an appointment, unless it’s an emergency. 4. On weekends J ack wears jeans and a T-shirt. During the week he a suit and a tie. 2. 5. Sorry, I ’m late. I to the bank, and 3. there was a long line. 4. 6. I don’t like my job. Sometimes I ___________ 5. till midnight. g 7. Farmers____________ every day of the year. y 8. Their car broke down, so they____________ a g tow truck. 9. 10. 1. Unit 8 • Dos and don’ts should 6 Giving advice Give advice to these people. Use I think ... should or I don’t think ... should. 1. Peter has a very bad cold. I think he should qo to bed._______________________________ 2. Keith wants to drive home, but he doesn’t have his glasses. 3. Ann’s phone bill was enormous! $300! _____________________________________phone company. 4. J enny and Tony are only 19, but they say they want to get married. 5. My tooth hurts. 6. My children want $100 for pocket money. so much. 7. I ’ve lost my wallet and credit cards. __________________________________________ your bank. 8. There’s a hole in my shoe. I only bought them last week! ____________________________________________ the store. 9. Kate’s crying because I pushed her. I t was an accident. _________________________________________ you’re sorry. 7 Asking for advice Ask for advice in these situations. Use (What) do you t hink. .. should ... ? 1. George has asked me to marry him. Do you think I should say yesP__________________________ 2. Teresa has invited me to a party at her house. ? 3. Hazel still hasn’t given me back the money she owes me. ? 4. I ’m having a party, and I have to write a guest list. Who______________________________________________ ? 5. Lisa isn’t speaking to me because I said she was stupid. ? 6. Paulo doesn’t know whether to go to college or travel around the world. What______________________________________________ ? 7. These shoes are amazing, but they’re so expensive! ? have to or should? 8 Using the correct form Complete the sentences with a form of have to or should. Make the verbs negative when necessary. 1. J eff works too much. I think he___________ take it easy. 2. I ’m going to bed. I ____________ get up early tomorrow. 3. I’d like to meet your boyfriend. You ___________ invite him to visit. 4. Soldiers____________ have short hair. 5. Y ou___________ come with me if you don’t want to. I’ll go on my own. 6. I f you can’t do your homework, you ___________ ask for help. 7. I f you already have a ticket, you___________ wait in line. Y ou can go straight in. 8. Y ou___________ tell lies. I t’s wrong. 9. Y our hair’s too long. I think you___________ get it cut. must 9 must for strong obligation or advice Complete the sentences with must and a suitable ending. ’ 1. I t’s my mother’s birthday tomorrow. I must buy her a present and a card______________________ 2. There’s an excellent movie playing now. You 3. My bedroom’s a real mess. I _______________ 4. Peter’s in the hospital. I ________________ 5. Our train leaves in two minutes! We ! 6. You can borrow my tennis racket, but you ________________ It was very expensive. 7. A wonderful new restaurant just opened in town. Y ou_________________________________ Unit 8 • Dos and don’ts Reading 10 Fired from his job! 1 Look at the picture of a cannon and cannonball. What are they called in your language? Look at the photo of a human cannonball. Where does a human cannonball work? 3 Read the newspaper article and mark the sentences true ( /) , false (X), or don’t know (?). 1. Todd is scared of his job. 2. The circus wanted him to go on a training course in South America. 3. He was worried about flying there. 4. The circus said he didn’t have to go on the course. 5. Todd doesn’t think the training course is necessary. 6. Diego Zeman is a friend of Todd’s. 7. Marnie Dock advised Todd to do the course. 8. Todd has decided to take the job as a clown. 4 Find words in the text that mean: 1. really scared 2. very big, huge 3. hurt (a part of your body) 4. a show 5. feel really nervous and scared 6. unhappy TODD CHRISTIAN, the Human Cannonball, has lost his jol because he is terrified of flying. But it isn’t the enormous cannoi that scares him, it’s airplanes! He is quite happy to fly 30 meter above the circus at 80 km/h, but he won’t get on a plane. When Todd, 26, injured his leg during a performance, th circus said he should go to Brazil for a special training course But Todd refused to go. He said, “I know it sounds crazy because I ’m a human cannonball, but I don’t like long flights. I I’m on a plane for a long time, I start to panic.” So the circus told him he had to leave his job. Todd saic he was very upset. He is now discussing the situation with hi lawyer. He thinks he doesn’t have to do the course. Meanwhile, Brazilian Diego Zeman, the Human Rocket, ha: arrived at the circus to take Todd’s job. Mr. Zeman has already done the special training course. “I feel sorry for Todd, but thi: is my dream job, and I ’m very happy,” said the Human Rocket. Marnie Dock, who became the world’s first female humar cannonball at the age of 16, is now the circus’s cannon trainer She thought that Todd should do the training course. Sht explained that the circus had to be very strict, as the humar cannonball performance could be very dangerous. “We did i for his own safety,” she said. Meanwhile, the circus has offered him another job— as a clown. 44 Unit 8 • Dos and don’ts Vocabulary 11 Men and women Vocabulary spot Many words refer to both men and women. student doctor teacher Some words refer to one sex only. waitress (woman) king (man) 1 Put the words in the correct column. actor musician teenager chef groom nephew uncle pilot niece model cousin aunt athlete bride child sir flight attendant ma’am nurse Men Women Both 2 Complete the sentences with a word from Exercise 1. 1. He’s my sister’s son. He’s my____________ 2. I run in races. I’m an____________ 3. In my job I wear the latest fashions. I ’m a____________ 4. I serve you food on a plane flight. I ’m a____________ 5. I star in movies. I ’m an____________ 6. I cook food for a restaurant. I ’m a____________ 7. The wedding was wonderful. T he ._________ looked beautiful, and the____________ was very handsome. 8. “Good evening,_____________Good evening, _____________Here is the menu.” 12 J ob descriptions Match a job in A with a verb in B and a line in C. A farmer works on the land. A B C 1. A farmer----- helps fires. 2. A receptionist ^ puts out legal advice. 3. An architect 1 repairs medicine for patients. 4. A lawyer '• - works — guests. 5. A soldier prescribes | buildings. 6. A firefighter welcomes ' - on the land. 7. A decorator fights for the home and children. 8. A mechanic provides rooms in a house. 9. A homemaker designs cars. 10. A sales assistant paints customers. 11. A doctor takes care of his/her country. Pronunciation 13 Words that rhyme i c o o I n each group of words, two words rhyme and one doesn’t. Circle the one which is different. Practice saying the words. 1. boot ( § ) l o i suit 2. wear hair ear 3. lord word bored 4. home come some 5. sung wrong young 6. flower .lower shower 7. pull pool wool 8. niece pies peace 9. food good should 10. crowd loud road 11. male smile sail 2 G 3E 3 Practice saying these sentences. 1. You should try the food—it’s good! 2. Lord Wood was bored with his crossword. 3. You have to come home sometime. 4. The crowd walked along the road shouting loudly. 5. The young man has sung the wrong song! Check it 46 14 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. You should visit Canada in the summer when is warmer. 2. Sorry I’m late. I have to do some shopping. 3. She don’t have to work late tonight. 4. He applied a job as a bus driver. 5. You should pass a driver’s test before you drive a car. 6. I don’t think you should listen to her advices. 7. You have to has all the right documents to travel. 8. You don’t have to use your cell phone in movie theaters. 9. Does she has to wear glasses? 10. Do you think should I go to the doctor? 3 Unit 8 • Dos and don’ts 15 Listening You’ll have a great time! 1 G U O Listen to J ustin. He is giving advice to his friend Sam, who is going to study in New Y ork for six months. 2 Choose the correct answer. 1. Sam’s going to New Y ork next week / month. 2. He is leaving on Tuesday / Thursday. 3. He advises Sam to buy warm clothes before he goes to New York / when he is in New York. 4. Sam / The university has arranged all his documents. 5. He’s going to live in a tiny / huge apartment in Greenwich V'ill age. 6. One of J ustin’s favorite places is Grand Central Station / Central Park. 7. Sam is / isn ’t going to visit Giuseppe’s Pizza Parlor. Sam is writing a list of the things to do before leaving for New York. Complete the list using have to or should. 1. I ___________ pack warm clothes. 2. I ___________ get U.S. dollars from the bank on Wednesday. 3. I ___________ call my parents! , * j 4. I ___________ find my passport. 5. I ___________ be at the airport at four o’clock in the morning. 6. I ___________ go to bed early the night before. Give advice to Sam. Use I think you should or I don’t think you should. 1. My flight leaves at six o’clock tomorrow morning, and J ustin wants to go out to a club tonight. 2. I t’s going to be very cold in New York. 3. I haven’t given my parents my New Y ork address. 4. I have to get up very early. 5. Where should I get U.S. dollars? At the airport or from my bank? 6. How should I travel to the airport? Taxi or train? Grammar: Conditional clauses • Time clauses Vocabulary: make and do • take and get Pronunciation: Ways of pronouncing -ea- Present Simple or will ? 1 Choosing the correct form l 2 Sun'n'Seci Getaways vacations with a difference! S u , S <H ^C 1. I f you like / will like our destinations, you love / ’11love our prices! 2. You don’t / won’t regret it if you choose/ will choose any one of these fabulous vacation resorts! Î. When you book / will book a trip with us, you g e t / 11 get five-star service all the way! 4. You receive / will receive free travel insurance, sunscreen, and a $20 traveler’s check, as soon as you make / will make your booking. 5. While you are / will be in your resort, your hotel gives / will give you a free meal for two! 6. And our company gives /will give you another $20 to spend at the airport, before you get / will get on your flight home! Look at the vacation brochure. Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences. Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. A There’s someone at the door. B OK. I go / I ’ll go. 2. A What a beautiful picture! B I buy / I ’ll buy it for you. 3. A What newspaper do you buy? B I buy / I ’ll buy the Times. 4. A Would you like to order, sir? B Yes, I have / I ’ll have the lamb. 5. A What time do you eat in the evening? B We have / We’ll have dinner at about eight. 6. A The phone’s ringing! B OK. I answer / I ’ll answer it. Hurry! Take advantage of this amazing offer! Don't delay! Book today! Unit 9 • Going places 4 Conditional clauses M BEDlMBiLjatei. I 2 Making questions 1 Y our friend is going on vacation. Write the questions. 1. What / do / miss / plane ? What will you do if you miss the plane?_______________ 2. What / do / plane / late ? 3. Where / stay / hotels / full ? 4. What / do / not like the food ? 5. Where / go / beaches / crowded ? 6. What / do / get sunburned ? 2 Now match the questions above with the correct answers. a. I ’ll just eat bread, cheese, and fruit. b. I won’t sunbathe for a few days. c. I I won’t miss it. I ’ll get there early. d. I ’ll find somewhere. A youth hostel, maybe. e. I ’ll sleep at the airport. f. I ’ll visit the old town and the mountains. 3 Making negatives Make the sentences negative, but keep the meaning same. Y ou will need to change some words. 1. We’ll leave the party before 10:00. We won’t stay at the party after 10:00.____________ 2. She’ll be late. 3. He’ll lose. 4. I ’ll fail my tests. 5. She’ll tell the truth. 6. We’ll eat out. 7. We’ll walk to school. 8. I’ll go to bed early tonight. 9. I ’ll accept the invitation. 10. We’ll go out on the weekend. 4 i f or whenl Complete the sentences with i f or when. 1. If you can’t do your homework, ask for help. 2. I ’ll pay you back___________ I next see you. 3. I ’ll go to bed____________ this program ends. 4. ____________ anyone calls me, tell them I’m out 5. Come on!____________ we hurry, we’ll catch the bus! 6. ____________ I play tennis with J ustin, he always wins. 7. The malls are full of things to buy----------------- holidays come. 8. A I’ve lost my bag. B ____________ I find it, I ’ll let you know. 48 Unit 9 • Going places Time clauses 5 Present tense or future? Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. Bye! I call / I ’ll call you when I get / I ’ll get home. 2. Lucky you! While you’re / you’ll foeon vacation, I ’m / I ’ll be at work. 3. I ’m sorry you’re going away. I ’m glad / I ’ll be glad when you’re back/you will be back. 4. A Give me your phone number. B Sure. I give / I ’ll give it to you before I ’ll go / 1 go. 5. The doctor will be ready in ten minutes. Take a seat while you will wait / you’re waiting. 6. I’m going out before the stores will close / the stores close. 7. I wait / I ’ll wait by the phone until you call / you’ll call. 8. Y ou must call me as soon as you’ll get/you get your test results. 9. I hope to see you while I ’ll b e/ I ’m in Tokyo. 6 J oining sentences J oin the pairs of sentences using the words in parentheses. Make the necessary tense changes. 1. She’ll pay me back. She’ll get some money, (as soon as) She’ll pay meback as soon as sine, gets some money.__________ 2. I’ll wait here. Y ou’ll get back, (until) 3. Give me a call. Y ou’ll hear some news, (when) 4. I’ll do my homework. The TV program will end. (after) 5. I ’ll take a shower. I’ll go to work, (before) 6. She’ll visit friends. She’ll be in Sao Paulo, (while) 7. I ’ll go home. Class will end. (as soon as) 8. I won’t leave the house. The mail will come, (until) 9. Can you feed the cats? I’ll be away, (while) 10. I ’ll tell you about my vacation. I ’ll get back, (when) 7 Choosing the correct conjunction Choose the time expression which best completes the sentence. Sometimes two are possible. 1. Please turn out the lights after / before / when you go to bed. 2. I like to relax as soon as / while / before I ’m on vacation. 3. When / I f / While you are the first person up in the morning, make us some coffee. 4. I ’m going to keep asking you to marry me while / until / when you say yes. 5. We can go i f / as soon as / while you’re ready. 6. Whi l e / I f / When I ’m having my hair cut, you can do the shopping. 7. Stop at a gas station after / when / before we run out of gas. 8. Af t er/ When / Until you’ve read the newspaper, can I have it? 9. I am so worried about J ames. As soon as / While /After you hear any news, call me. 10. I f / When / As soon as we discover life on another planet, will it be intelligent? £ / ? a / A " Unit 9 • Going places 4 8 Tenses and time expressions On the lines, put the verb in parentheses into the correct tense: Present Simple, going to future, will future, or the Present Continuous. Put i f when, or as soon as into each box. Vocabulary 9 make and do Complete the sentences with a phrase from the box and make or do in the correct form. your best up my mind friends a fortune a noise the dishes me a favor Next year, 1(1) ’m going (go) on the most fantastic trip to the Galapagos Islands in Ecuador! I (2)____________ (join) a group of young scientists. We (3). .(study) some of the amazing wildlife there. We aren’t sure exactly when to go yet. (4)1 we (5). .(go) in April, it (6). (7). (9). .(be) warm but rainy. The weather .(be) cooler and drier (8) I________ .(travel) in J une. We (10) _ we all ____________ (meet) this weekend to make a final decision. (11) c J we (12)___________(know) exactly when we want to go, we (13)____________ (book) our flights to Quito, the capital city. (14) (arrive) in Quito, we (16) _ we (15). and get on a boat. Then we (17). .(take) a bus to the port probably .(sail) around the islands for three weeks. _______ (work) hard, I we(19). I ’m sure we (20). .(find out) lots of fascinating things about these wonderful islands. And I hope we’ll see lots of turtles! 0 Unit 9 • Going places 1. A Are you enjoying life in San Francisco? B I t’s exciting, but sometimes lonely. I t’s hard to make friends in a big city. 2. A That was a great dinner. Thanks! B Y ou’re welcome. Since I did the cooking, now you can_______________ 3. A I can’t ______________________________ Should I get the steak or the fish? B Get the fish. I ’ve heard it’s very good. 4. Have you heard about J oe? He’s rich! He ________________ in business. 5. Can you. . and pick up some eggs while you’re at the store? Thanks. 6. A I ’m so nervous about the test! I couldn’t sleep at all last night. B Don’t worry. J ust___________________ 7. I didn’t ___________when I came home last night, but I still woke up the dog. 10 take and get Complete the sentences with a phrase from the box and take or get in the correct form. care ready angry a photo better a cold along a long time 1. A Do you .get along___ well with your parents? B We do now, but we argued all the time when I was younger. 2. I have a camera, so I 'l l _________________ 3. A Can you__________ of my cat while I ’n away on vacation? B Sure. I just have to feed him and give him water and things, right? 4. I f I tell you some bad news, will you promise not to________________________ 5. A I walked home in the rain without an umbrella. B Really? I hope you don’t ____________ 6. A Honey, we’re late for the party! Can you__________________________ faste B Almost done! I ’m just fixing my hair. 7. I t_________to learn to play the violin we 8. I ’m so sorry you’re sick!____________soo The trip of a lifetime Reading 11 Traveling at the speed of tight! 1 Read the magazine article and mark Tom’s journey on the map. How many stops did he make? 2 Answer the questions. 1. How long is the trip that Tom is going to take? 2. Why doesn’t he want to go? 3. How much did the ticket cost? 4. Where does he want to eat toast and jam? 5. Which parts of the journey can’t he remember? 6. Which places does he want to come back to? Traveling at the speed of light! Travel writer Tom Bradley loses sleep on the ultimate trip an 11-day, 29,000-mile journey around the world I 'm getting on the plane at Heathrow Airport, when I realize that I don't want to goon this journey. I already feel tired just thinking about it. But if 1don't go now, I'll waste over $2,000 on my around-the-world ticket—so I get on the plane. 5,500 miles and eight time zones later, I get off the plane in L.A. It is late afternoon, but my body clock is telling me that it is 5 a .m. When I get to the hotel, "all I’ll want to eat is toast and jam, not dinner. But if I don't eat now, I'll feel hungry in the middle of the L.A. night. Next morning I wake up, and try to eat breakfast. Then I go on a quick tour of Hollywood, before I catch my next plane. Another 5,500 miles later, and another four time zones later, I get off the plane in Fiji. I am exhausted, but this is paradise. When I have a proper vacation next year, I'll come back here. I go to the hotel and lie under a palm tree. But all too soon, I 'm back at the airport. Another 1,341 miles and an international dateline later, we arrive in Auckland, New Zealand. Next I'm in Australia, flying from Sydney to Fremantle. Unfortunately, I don't have a clear memory of New Zealand or Australia, except for sheep, a seaplane, whales, and a waterside restaurant. I am just too tired. I wake up 1,603 miles from Fremantle, and I 'm in Bali in the Pacific Ocean. I have never felt so awake before! Bali is beautiful, and I really enjoy my day here. If I ever get married, I'll come back here on my honeymoon. 1,040 miles later, I 'm in Singapore. How did I get here? Then I’m flying home, still wishing I was back in Bali. As soon as I get home, I know I'll start feeling bored! Unit 9 • Going places 5' Pronunciation 12 Ways of pronouncing -ea- Q G3ED There are different ways to pronounce -ea-. Look at these (Present Simple) (Past Simple) examples. IU read /e/ read /ir/ dear /er/ wear /ei/ break /ar/ learn i G3ED Put these words into the correct place in the chart. meat earth reason dead clcor great bread mean fear bear theater dear /il /e/ /it / meat dead clear /er/ /ei/ h r / 2 H»l ETl Look at these pairs of words. Is -ea- pronounced the same or differently? Put a check ( / ) or a cross (/). 1. dear 0 clear 2. dear m earth 3. health □ reason 4. health □ wealth 5. learn □ mean 6. learn □ earth 7. wear □ bear 8. wear □ great 9. break □ great 10. fear □ theater 11. meat □ bread 12. bread □ dead Check it 13 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. What will you do if you’ll lose your job? 2. I promise I ’ll go to bed if this TV show ends. 3. The meeting can start as soon as Ling will arrive. 4. I f it’s too expensive, I want buy it. 5. I ’ll give it to J ohn when he come. 6. I ’m tomorrow going to Canada. 7. Who’s making the dishes tonight? 8. Can you tell me where is the bus station? 9. We arrived in school at eight o’clock this morning. 10. We’ll leave as soon you’re ready. 14 Listening What’s in the future? 1 G 3 D Susan is telling her friend, Maria, about a problem. Listen to the conversation. 2 ( 3 3 0 Listen again. Are the sentences about Susan true ( / ) or false (X)? Correct the false ones. 1. EE Maria makes Susan a cup of tea. 2. EH Susan is worried about her job. 3. □ Susan went traveling when she finished college. 4. □ She found it difficult to get a job after college. 5. Ej Maria thinks that Susan will be unhappy next year. 6. EEI Susan has never been to Australia. 7. EEI She’ll live in a house in the center of Sydney. 3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in parentheses. 1. I f she loses her job, i t_____the end of the world, (not be) 2. I f Susan loses her job, she _____ to Australia, (go) 3. I f she goes to Australia, she_____ a good life, (have) 4. I f she sells her house, she 5. I f she goes to Australia, she. . some money, (make) _ on the beach, (live) 52 Unit 9 • Going places Thi ngs t hat changed t he worl d Gr ammar : The passive Vocabulary: Verbs and nouns that go together Pronunciation: Sentence stress The passive 1 Forming the passive Complete the text with the passive form of the verbs. Use the Present Simple, Past Simple, or Present Perfect. Unit 10 • Things that changed the world 53 Freeplay - the world’s first clockwork radio The clockwork radio is the only radio that doesn’t need batteries or electricity. I t (1) is powered (power) by turning the handle for a minute. Nowadays, thousands of these radios (2)___________ (make) every day. They (3) (buy) by people in Third World countries where there isn’t any electricity. The clockwork radio (4)____________ (invent) in 1991 by Trevor Bayliss, a British inventor. Trevor had the idea while he was listening to some news on the radio about Africa. I t (5)____________ (report) that Africans were dying of AIDS and there was no easy way to send them,information about the disease. But no one would help Trevor develop his idea for a new kind of radio. Finally, in 1993, his invention (6 ) ____________ (show) on a TV program, and afterwards, a South African businessman heard of Trevor’s clever idea and contacted him. The first Freeplay radios (7 ) ____________ (build) in South Africa in 1995. Since then, the radios have been a great success. Millions of them (8)___________ (sell) worldwide, and Trevor (9)___________ (give) many awards, including one from Nelson Mandela. Trevor has hung a letter on the wall in his house. I t (10) (write) in 1991 by another engineer, who explained in great detail why he thought Trevor’s idea for a clockwork radio couldn’t possibly work! 2 Making questions Complete the questions about the clockwork radio. 1. The clockwork radio was invented by Trevor Bayliss. w h o was the clockwork radio in vented by?___________ 2. The clockwork radio was invented in 1991. When_________________________________________ ? 3. They are bought by people in the Third World. Who__________________________________________ ? 4. His invention was shown on TV. Where_________________________________________? 5. It was developed in South Africa. Where_________________________________________? 6. The first radios were built in 1995. When_________________________________________ ? 7. Thousands of Freeplay radios are made every day. How many_____________________________________? 8. Millions of radios have been sold worldwide. How many_____________________________________? 3 Short answers Answer the questions about the clockwork radio. Use short answers. 1. Was the clockwork radio invented by Trevor Bayliss? Yes, it was.________________________________________ 2. Was it invented in 1991? 3. Was it developed in India? 4. Were the first radios built in 1993? 5. Have millions of radios been sold worldwide? 6. Has Trevor Bayliss been given an award by Nelson Mandela? 7. Has the clockwork radio been a great success? Unit 10 • Things that changed the world 4 Making negatives Thes sentences give incorrect information. Rewrite them, using the correct information in parentheses. 1. Paper is made of plastic, (wood) Paper isn’t wade of plastic. It’s made of wood.___________ 2. J ohn Lennon was killed in London. (New Y ork City) 3. Coffee is grown in Canada. (Brazil and Columbia) 4. Sunflowers was painted by Renoir. (Vincent Van Gogh) 5. Clockwork radios have been produced since 1885. (1995) 6. The Berlin Wall was knocked down in 1982. (1989) 7. The 2008 Olympic Games were held in Sydney. (Beijing) 8. Rolls-Royce cars are made in J apan, (the UK) 9. The iPod was developed by Microsoft. (Apple) 5 Local news stories 1 Complete the three stories with the passive verbs in the boxes. STOP IN THE NAME OF THE LAW! 2 Complete the questions about the newspaper stories, using the passive. 1. w h o was discovered under the floor of a new house? A cat named Tiger. 2. Where_______________________________________ To the vet’s. 3. Why________________________________________ by the police? Because he was driving the wrong way down a highway. 4. Why________________________________________ by his granddaughter in the future? Because his driver’s licence has been taken away. 5. Who________________________________________ by his colleagues? A truck driver called Stewart Wilson. 6. Where_______________________________________ a place? At Harvard University. A truck driver, who (10)___________- “Stupid Stewart” by his colleagues, (11)____________ a place at Harvard University to study history. Stewart Wilson, 30, became a truck driver after he left high school with no plans for college. He (12)___________ by his coworkers until he took a Mensa test. He (13 ) ___________ he had an IQ of 151, which put him in the top 2% of the country. So he immediately signed up to take his college entrance exams, and got great scores. Stewart said, “I t’s a dream come true! And I (14 ) ___________ ‘stupid’ recently, I’m happy to say!” has been offered was called was told was laughed at haven’t been called An 86-year-old man (5) by the police while he was driving the wrong way down a highway. When Mr. Hurst (6)____________ what he was doing, he said, “I ’m glad to see you. I (7)___________ by all the other drivers. But they’re all going the wrong way.” The police drove him back home. Since then, his driver’s licence (8)_____________ He (9)____________ by his granddaughter in the future. has been taken away was asked ’ve been shouted at will be driven__________was stopped_____________________ TI GER’ S LUCKY ESCAPE A cat named Tiger, who was lost for three weeks in the town of Elmwood, (1) has been found _ today. Tiger (2)____________ this morning by construction workers under the floor in a new house. The workers heard a small noise while they were trying to fix a badly fitted pipe. The cat (3)___________ immediately to the vet’s. The vet said the cat only survived because it was able to drink water from the broken pipe. Tiger’s owner, who (4)____________by the local paper, said that for the first time in his life he was grateful to bad plumbers. has boon foued was interviewed was discovered was taken O Not so stupid after all Unit 10 • Things that changed the world 55 Active and passive 6 Signs Look at the signs. For each sign, write two sentences, one passive and one active. 1. Spanish is spoken here.________________ Spanish spoken here. Se había español. We speak Spanish here. 2. 3. 5. 6. p a r t -t i m e ASSISTANT WANTED. NO EXPERIENCE NEEDED. JezveCry bought and soCcC 0Cr<?dit cards accepted o I 1 ■4 %*t * i f NO Done i feer 'i "miutotj i BurnerssoW I A rV a l l o w e d I 7 Active or passive? Complete the text with the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense, active or passive. A drink enjoyed all over the world itlO • Things tFfat change! A billion cans or bottles of Coca-Cola ( 1) ___________ (drink) every day worldwide! This famous drink (2)____________ (invent) in 1886 by an American chemist, Dr. J ohn Pemberton, in Atlanta, Georgia. He (3)____________ (call) it a health drink. Pemberton’s partner, Frank Robinson, (4)___________ (give) it the name “Coca-Cola.” The business didn’t start well. In the first year, only nine drinks a day (5)___________ (sell). In 1888, the business (6 ) ___________ (buy) by a man named Asa Candler. He (7 ) ____________(open) the first factory, in Texas, in 1895. Since then, billions and billions of gallons (8)___________ (sell) in over 200 countries. Coca-Cola (9)___________ still____________ (make) in that factory in Texas today. And it is certain that Coca-Cola (10)_____________________________(drink) far into the 21st century. Vocabulary 8 Verbs and nouns that go together Complete the sentences with the correct form of a verb from the box. Some verbs are used more than once. discover make tell give lose carry keep miss invent do wear say 1. A group of British scientists. in 1953. 2. The cell phone was________ in 1973. 3. I never remember to_ it rains! 4. Don’t worry, I won’t . discovered . DNA . by an American engineer _ an umbrella when . my way. Masa sent me a text message with the directions from the station to his apartment. 5. A Bye! Have fun at Grandma’s! B I will. And I ’l l ____________ hello to her for you. 6. Y ou look thin. Have you. . weight? 7. A Why is everyone laughing at me? B They’re not. Martin____________ a funny joke just before you came into the room. 8. A I don’t know what I should do after I finish college. B Y ou should talk to my roommate. She always ____________ good advice. 9. Tom has a great job and____________ a lot of money, but he’s still unhappy. 10. Sorry I ’m late. My alarm clock broke, and I . the bus. 11. A Why do you look so happy today? B Can you____________ a secret? I ’m going to ask J ill to marry me tonight! 12. How many passengers can this plane____________ ? . your homework while you 13. I t’s a bad idea to_______ watch TV. 14. A How do you like working in France, Bob? B I t’s a lot of fun, of course, but I ____________ my friends back home. . a watch because I can check the time 15. I never _______ on my cell phone. 16. A OK, Maggie, it’s 7:30. Time for bed! B Can you___________ me a story first, Daddy? Pronunciation 9 Sentence stress e In English we only stress the important words in a sentence. These words carry the most meaning, i G3EQ Say these sentences. The important information is stressed. She drove her car. I read a book. We went to : El ED Now say these longer sentences. The stress pattern means they still take about the same time to say as the sentences in 1! • •• •• She’s driving her car. I’ll read her a book. We’ve been to your school. She’s given him some money. I’m talking to your father. We’re going on a picnic. Q3EQ Write the numbers of the sentences in the box with the right sentence stress pattern. There are three sentences for each pattern. A. I B. C. • • • • • « • 1. I ’m going home. 2. Let’s go to the mall! 3. We need some more milk. 4. They’re playing with their puppy. 5. She’s staying here. 6. We’ll cook you a meal. 7. I helped my dad. 8. I ’ve taken him a sandwich. 9. She laughed at his old sneakers. Practice saying the sentences. Unit 10 • Things that changed the world 57 Check it 10 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. Samsung phones is made in Korea. 2. The telephone has been invented in 1876. 3. It was invented from Alexander Graham Bell. 4. Hundreds of Roman coins were been found in a backyard in London. 5. A German chemist was invented aspirin. 6. Google is an amazing discovery. 7. Oh no! I ’ve lost the bus. 8. Sandra is very good at telling advice. 9. I always make my homework listening to music. 10. I can’t hear you. You broke up. 11Listening A phone call to a phone company i G 3E 9 Gary Boyd has a problem with his cell phone bill. He’s calling Faster Phone, the “caring phone company,” to ask about it. Listen to the conversation and circle the correct answer. 1. Gary signed up with the company__________ a. last year b. last month c. last week 2. He received a phone bill for____________ a. $200 b. $50 c. $15 3. During the conversation Gary speaks to_____ different people. a. one b. two c. three 4. He was told that for $50 he could__________ a. talk for 150 minutes and send 150 texts b. talk for 500 minutes and send 150 texts c. talk for 500 minutes and send 500 texts 5. Gary finally speaks to ____ ________ a. David b. the manager c. nobody 6. Faster Phone has been taken over by_______ a. David b. the Cell Phone Factory c. the Caring Phone Company 7. Gary’s reference number i s____________ a. (412) 555-7885 b. 250 c. R73889506 8. The new phone company’s prices are_______ a. cheaper b. more expensive c. the same 2 G 3E 3 Listen again and complete the expressions with the correct words. 1. ____________ can I help you? 2. I ’m___________ you’ve____________the wrong department. 3. ___________ on a moment and I ’l l ____________ you through. 4. ____________ you please explain____________? 5. Do you want to leave a ____? 6. I’l l ___________ you____________ to him. 7. “Can I help you?” “I certainly hope ___________” 8. I ’m so sorry to____________ that, sir. Let’s___________ what I can do. 9. “Thank you. Y ou’ve been very ______ ” “No problem, Mr. Boyd. I ’m____________ I could help.” 58 Unit 10 • Things that changed the world What if • * » * Grammar: Second conditional • might Vocabulary: Phrasal verbs Pronunciation: Words that sound the same Second Conditional 1 Alfie’s dreams G3E3 Alfie works in a factory. Read about his life, then complete the sentences about his dreams. 2 Making questions G J E j A sk questions about Alfie. I f Alfie was the boss of the factory,... 1. where would he live_____________ In a beautiful house. 2. ____________________________ At noon. In a sports car. 4. ______________ Only when he wanted to. 5. _______________________ To the Caribbean. A pay raise! Unit 11 • W h a t i f . . . ? 59 J J ream —in ci beautiful house. — at noon. ~ to work in a sports car. — only when he wanted to. ~ on vacation to the Caribbean. all the factory workers a pay raise! 1. he nould/^d live 2. he _ 3. h e ^ 4. h e __ 5. he__ 6. he He g et s up at b: uu. He bi k es t o w o r k . Q0 He w o r k s l o n g hour s , f r o m 7.00 t o 6.00. He n ev er goes on v ac at i o n . He saves hi s mo n ey . 3 Sharmista’s dreams CTETlRead about Sharmista’s dreams, and complete the text. Use the Present Simple and the Second Conditional. M y name's Sharmista, and 1(1). (live) in Mumbai in India. I'm an office worker, but I ( 2 ) ___________(want) to be a Bollywood movie star! (Bollywood is the Indian Hollywood.) 1( 3 ) ___________(live) at home with my family, but if I was a Bollywood star, I ( 4 ) ___________(have) a big house in the hills outside the city, and 1(5) ___________(marry) a handsome Bollywood actor, and we ( 6 ) ___________(live) there together with our three beautiful children! 1 usually ( 7 ) ___________(go) to work by bus, butif I — (be) famous, I ( 9 ) _____________(go) in a big (not drive) it myself. I (8) ---------- limousine. 1(10) ( 1 1 ) _________ (have) a driver! In my job, 1 ( 12) ___________(not make) much money, and 1( 13) ___________(give) most of my money to my parents. But if 1 ( 1 4 ) ___________(be) a movie star, 1(15) -----------------(be) rich! 1( 16) ___________ (give) my parents _______ (not waste) my money also___________ (buy) myself some beautiful clothes! It would be a wonderful life! a lot of money, and 1(17) on silly things. 1( 18) ____ 4 Short answers Answer the questions about Sharmista. Use short answers. I f Sharmista was a Bollywood movie star, ... 1. would she live in an apartment? No, she wouldn’t._____________________________________ 2. would she get married? 3. would she have children? 4. would she drive her car herself? 5. would she waste her money? 6. would she have a wonderful life? 5 I f... J oin these sentences using the Second Conditional. 1. I ’m not rich. I don’t live in a big house. If I was rich, I would/’d live in a big house._________ 2. Steve works in the evening. He has no time to play with his children. 3. Sue buys a lot of clothes. She has no money. 4. I don’t have car. I can’t give you a ride. 5. I go to bed late. I ’m tired in the morning. 6. J udy doesn’t have a watch. She’s always late. 60 Unit 11 • W h a t i f . . . ? might 6 might = will +perhaps Write the sentences with might instead of will + perhaps. 1. Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. It might rain tomorrow._______________________ 2. Perhaps we’ll go to Thailand for our vacation. 3. Perhaps I won’t go out tonight. 4. Perhaps J oe and Ellie will come over for dinner this evening. 5. Perhaps I ’ll get a video game for my birthday. 6. Perhaps Dave won’t call me tonight. 7 Choosing the correct form Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. Don’t wait for me. I ’ll be / I might be late. It depends on the traffic. 2. A What are you doing tonight? B I don’t know. I ’m going/1 might go out, or I ’m staying/1 might stay at home. 3. We have guests coming for Sunday dinner. I ’m going to make / 1 might make lasagna and a salad. I ’ve bought all the ingredients. 4. A I ’m going to buy George a green shirt. B I wouldn’t if I were you. A Why not? B He isn’t going to like / He might not like the color green. 5. A Goodbye, darling! I ’ll call / 1 might call as soon as I arrive. B Thanks. Bye! 6. Catherine wants to be a politician. Who knows? One day she’ll be / she might feepresident! 8 Worries What are these people worried about? Match a line in A with a line in B. * A B 1. Sophie’s worried. She’s going to be an English teacher abroad.------------------ — 2. Yumi’s worried. Her 4-year-old daughter is walking on a high wall. 3. So-young’s worried. She’s got two important exams tomorrow. 4. David’s worried. His roommates are away, and he’s invited some friends over for a party. \ 5. Francis is worried. He thinks it’s going to rain, and he doesn’t have an umbrella. ------- 6. Toby’s worried. His company is going to cut some staff. 7. Ling’s worried. Her plane leaves in 40 minutes, and she’s stuck in a traffic jam. a. She might fall. b. She might miss it. c. She might fail. d. He might get wet. - e. She might not like it. f. They might break something. g. He might lose his job. Unit 11 • W h a t i f . . . ? 9 Trying to decide Complete the text with might and a verb from the box. become not make (x2) wait meet get go “I know it’s time for decisions, but I’m not very good at making decisions. I always worry that 1(1)-------------------the right choice. I (2)-------------------to college next year, but I’m not sure. I (3)--------------------a year and travel around Asia for a while. After college, I (4) --------------------a teacher. I (5)------------------- much, but I like working with kids, and money isn’t everything. Someone told me there are lots of jobs teaching English abroad, so I (6)--------------------a degree in teaching. Then I could teach and travel! Who knows, I (7)-------------------a nice girl, too! That would be great!" Pronunciation 10 Words that sound the same © e words are pronounced the same, but they are spelled differently and have different meanings. t meet - Should we meet at six? meat - Do you eat meat? i E 3E D Circle the word in the box that matches the sound of the word on the left. 1. fair fear fire (h£) 2. hire higher hair high 3. one when won own 4. weigh why we way 5. threw though tough through 6. tie tea Thai toe 7. peace pies piece peas 2 d ED Write the other spelling for these words in phonetii script. brake ____________ 1. /breik/ 2. /blu:/ 3. /dir/ 4. /psr/ 5. /rood/ 6. /wi:k/ 7. /weist/ 8. /eit/ blew deer pear rode weak waist eight 3 E 3 E I Complete the sentences with words from Exercises 1and 2 with the correct spelling. 1. The wind was so strong last night that i t---------------- /blu:/ some leaves---------------- /9ru:/ the open window. 2. The boys---------------- /roud/ their bikes along the ---------------- /roud/ to school. 3. Sara was sick for a---------------- /wi:k/. She’s back at work now, but she’s still feeling a bi t---------------- /wi:k/. 4. A Are you hungry? Would you like a---------------- /pi:s/ of cake? B No, thanks. I ’ve decided to go on a diet, because I ----------------/wei/ too much! 5. I ----------------/0ru:/the ball----------------/hai sr/and ---------------- /haiar/ into the air, and I ---------------- /ko:t/ it perfectly every time! 62 Unit 11 • W h a t I f . . . ? Vocabulary Check it Phrasal verbs 1 Complete the sentences with a verb from the box in the correct form. fill give put try lie get look (x2) fall go 1. Can I ___________ on those shoes? Size nine. 2. I want the children to___________ on their sunhats. I t’s very hot today. 3. J ust__________ away! Y ou’re really annoying me. 4. Could you____________ out this form, please, and sign it at the bottom? 5. I ’ve got a really bad headache. I ’m just going to ____________ down. 6. A What does the word gorgeo us mean? B No idea. I ’l l ____________ it up in the dictionary. 7. I ’m___________for my glasses. Have you seen them anywhere? 8. She___________off her horse and hurt her wrist. 9. I don’t know how to set up this DVD player! I ____________ up! 10. I don’t like J ames, but I ____________ along very well with his wife. 2 Complete the sentences with a particle from the box. up (x3) down on (x2) away 1. Y ou look tired. Sit____________ and have a cup of coffee. 2. I ’m looking for yesterday’s newspaper. Did you throw i t___________ ? 3. T urn___________ the light, please! I t’s too dark in here. 4. I live in Boston now, but I grew____________ in Los Angeles. 5. Come___________ !Hurry_____________¡Y ou’ll be late for school. 6. J ohn! Wake____________ !Do you hear a noise downstairs? 12 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. I f I would know the answer, I ’d tell you. 2. What will you do if you were president? 3. You wouldn’t be tired if you go to bed earlier. 4. The weather forecast says it might probably rain. 5. We’ll go to J ane’s party, but we’re not sure if we can. 6. I ’ll look out that word in my dictionary for you. 7. He’s a such good skier. 8. I t was so an interesting movie. 9. Politicians tell such many lies. 13 Listening It’s election time 1 0 3 0 Listen to J enny Baker, the leader of the Blue Party, talking to Paul Ross, the host of the radio news program Wake Up America. Answer the questions. 1. When is the election? 2. What has gone up and up with the current administration? 3. How many people are unemployed? 4. What is the first thing J enny would do if she were in charge? 5. Does Paul Ross have an 18-year-old son? 6. How many students leave college with big debts? How big? 7. What is Paul’s final important question? 8. Does J enny answer the question? 2 G 3E 3 Listen again. Complete the lines with the exact words from the interview. 1. What would you change if you ran the government? 2. We would bring inflation____________ from 10% to 2%, and there wouldn’t be any____________ 3. This administration has made___________ a ____________ of the economy. 4. This administration has____________ out of ideas. 5. Y oung people____________ to borrow------------------ amounts of money to go to college. 6. Y our son____________ have to borrow a penny. All education____________ be free. 7 There would be no tax____________ 8. I ’m afraid we’ve run out of___________ , J enny. Unit 11 • W h a t i f . . . ? 63 12 Tryi ng your best Grammar: Present Perfect Simple and Continuous Vocabulary: Hot verbs - go and com Pronunciation: Vowel sounds and spelling Present Perfect Simple 1 Present Perfect and Past Simple Complete the e-mail from J oanna with a verb from the box in the Present Perfect or the Past Simple. start come back decide play see (x2) swim meet not see score fall not hear 600 Hi Amelia, How are you? I (1). .from you for a while, so I thought I’d drop you a line. How are you all? We (2)_____________ just______________ from a trip to the mountains. It was wonderful! We (3)______________some fantastic mountain scenery every day and (4)______________in some beautiful (and cold!) lakes. Even the kids enjoyed all the walking! I thought they would complain. We (5)______________to go again next year. How are your kids? (6)_____________ Alice______________ school yet? Does she like it? And what about Jason? (7)_____________ he ______________ any more goals for his soccer team lately? I’ll never forget the last time we watched him in a game. He (8)______________so well! I’m sure he’ll be a professional soccer player. Oh, and guess what? Our Darren (9)______________in love with a lovely girl named Rose! He (JO)______________her at a party last week, and he thinks she’s the most beautiful girl he (11)_____________ ever_______________ I don’t know how long the romance will last— we’ll see! Write soon! Even better, come and visit us, because we (12)______________each other for such a long time! Love, Joanna 2 Present Perfect with yet and already Faith and Bob are planning a big birthday party. Look at their list of things to do and complete the sentences. Use the Present Perfect with yet or already. Things to do for the party-1 £ § M Bob reserve the room( / ) wrap the gifts (</) write the invitations (S) choose the music (X) order the birthday cake (X) order the soda V ) buy the food ( / ) buy the paper plates and cups (X) Both send the invitations (S) decorate the room ( / ) 1. Faith / the room Faith has already reserved the room. 2. And she / the invitations 3. But she / the birthday cake 4. Bob / the gifts 5. But he / the music 6. They / the invitations 7. But they / the room 64 Unit 12 • Trying your best Present Perfect Continuous 5 What has Ann been doing? Write the correct letter from B in the box for the matching sentence in A. A B 3 Questions and short answers Write questions with yet about Faith and Bob. Then give short answers. 1. Faith / room? A Has Faith reserved the room yet? B Yes, she has.___________________ 2. Faith / the food? A ----------------------------------------- B ------------------------------------------------- 3. Bob / the soda? A ----------------------------------------- B ------------------------------------------------- 4. Bob / the paper plates and cups? A --------------------------------------------- B ------------------------------------------------ 5. they / the invitations? A ----------------------------------------- B ------------------------------------------------- 4 been or gone! Complete the sentences with been or gone. 1. I ’ve____________ to most countries in South America, but I ’ve never ________ to Peru. 2. A Is Annie in her bedroom? B No. She’s____________ to lunch. 3. u fishing. Back tomorrow. 1. Ann’s been sunbathing for too long. [ _ 2. She’s been shopping.__ 3. She’s been working in the garden. 4. She’s been reading for hours. 5. She’s been watching a sad movie. O 6. She’s been waiting for a bus for hours. Gj 7. She’s been doing the housework. |__ 8. She’s been decorating the bathroom. 9. She’s been cooking. _ 10. She’s been bathing the children. | ] 6 Making questions a. She’s annoyed. b. She’s got paint in her hair. c. She’s crying. d. Her back hurts. e. She doesn’t have any money left. f. She’s very sunburned. g. She’s covered in soap and water. h. The house smells like onions and garlic. i. She’s got a headache, j. Everything’s so clean. Complete the questions. Put the verbs in the Present Perfect Continuous. 1. Sorry I ’m late___________________ (wait) long? 2. Haven’t you finished your game of chess yet? How long -------------------------- (play)? 3. The streets are wet________*__________(rain)? 4. The children are filthy! What_________________ (do)? 5. I didn’t know you could speak Chinese. How long _________________ (studying) it? 6. Hi! I’m your new neighbor___________________ (live) here long? 7. Why is your hair wet?__________________ (swim)? 8. A I ’m a mail carrier now. 99 B How l ong__________________ (work) as a mail carrier? 4. Sorry I ’m late. I’ve____________ in a traffic jam for an hour! 5. You look very suntanned! Have you ____________ on vacation? 6. A Can I speak to Mr. Thompson, please? B I ’m afraid he’s___________ for the afternoon. Unit 12 • Trying your best 65 Tense review 7 Choosing the correct tense Choose the correct form of the verb. 1. I ’m hot because I ’ve run / I ’ve been running! 2. I ’ve cut / I ’ve been cutting my finger! 3. Have you heard / Have you been hearing Shakira’s latest album? 4. She’s tired because she’s shopped / she’s been shopping all day. 5. Sorry. I ’ve broken / I ’ve been breaking your chair. 6. How long have you had / have you been having this book? 7. They live / They’ve been living here for three years. 8. I ’ve painted / I ’ve been painting the living room, but I haven’t finished yet. 9. I ’ve lost / I ’ve been losing my wallet. Where did I last have it? 10. Look what Pat has given / has been giving me for my birthday! A bike! 11. There’s my wallet! I ’ve looked / I ’ve been looking for it for hours. 8 A conversation between old friends G 3 0 Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense: Present Simple, Past Simple, or Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. J ane Hello, Peter! 1(1). (not see) you in a long time! How are you? Peter Hi, J ane. I’m fine, thanks. And you? Jane I ’m OK. What (2)______________ you (do) _______ __________ since I last (3)_________________ (see) you? Peter Well, I (4)__________________ (start) a new job last month. I t’s still in advertising, but with a new company. Jane How long (5)__________________you _________________ (work) in advertising? Peter For five years. I really (6 ) _________________ (enjoy) it. Anyway, what about you? Jane Well, I’m still writing books. I (7) ____________(write) a couple of novels, and for the past year I (8 ) _________________ (research) a book on local history. Peter That sounds very interesting. 9 Forming the correct tense Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense: Present Simple, Past Simple, or Present Perfect Simple or Continuous. 1. 1(1)_________________ (study) Spanish for the past three years. My teacher is very good, and I (2) (like) her very much. I (3)__________________ (be) to Mexico three times. I (4)__________________ (go) there last year with my family, and we (5)__________________ (stay) in ___________(enjoy) it a lot. ___________(try) to find a job ______________ (finish) Monterrey. I (6). 2. My daughter ( 1). for months. She (2)______________ college in J une, and since then she (3) (have) one or two part-time jobs She (4)__________________ (work) in a cafe for the last two weeks. She (5)__________________ (want) to work in publishing. She (6)__________________ (appi) for hundreds of positions, and she (7)________________ (have) a few interviews, but no job offers yet. 3. We (1)_________________ (live) in our new house for several months. Since we (2)__________________ (move) in, we (3)__________________ (be) very busy. Everyone (4) (help) to get the house ready. So far we (5). (decorate) the living room and the kitchen. Soon after we arrived, the central heatin (6 ) _________________ (break) down, so we (7 ) _________________ (have) to spend a lot of money to repair it. We (8)__________________ (like) gardening very much, but we (9)__________________ (nc have) time to do anything to the yard yet. And it (10)__________________ (rain) very heavily recently, so we’ll just wait till the weather gets better. 66 Unit 12 • Trying your best Reading 10 The girl who reads aloud The Girl Who Reads Aloud by JIM YARDLEY BEIJ ING - Most mornings, while a noisy line of traffic is driving slowly along the Third Ring Road into the city center, a girl named Ouyang J unying leaves her apartment and stands beside the road. She turns away from the traffic, opens a book, and starts reading aloud. It is one of the worst traffic jams in the city, but Ms. Ouyang, 29, has been doing this every morning for nearly five years. She is studying English and believes that the noise helps her to concentrate. It is also the reason why she has become a sort of celebrity. For thousands of motorists, she is “The Girl Who Reads Aloud.” While she is reading, the rest of Beijing stares at her and wonders, “Who is this young woman? How long has she been standing there? And why is she reading in such a terrible place?” In Beijing, there are 15 million people living in small apartments, so there are lots of people in the city parks, doing everything from tai chi to ballroom dancing. But Ms. Ouyang doesn’t like the parks. “If I study in a park, people always watch me and I don’t feel comfortable. But if cars pass me in the street, I don’t care,” she says. Ms. Ouyang, the daughter of a poor farmer, came to Beijing in 1995 to look for work. She has had a number of different jobs. She has also been studying English for nearly ten years, because she hopes that it will get her a better job with better money. Recently she was on local TV! She has become famous as a person who always works hard and tries her best. Since the TV program, she has had a new job. She has been helping an architect in his work. And what has she been doing? Teaching him English, of course! 1 Read the newspaper article and answer the questions. 1. Which road does Ouyang junying live near? 2. What has she been doing every morning for the last five years? 3. Why has she been doing this? 4. What name has she been given by the motorists? 5. How long has she been living in Beijing? 6. Why has she been studying English for so many years? 7. What has happened since the TV program? 8. How has she been helping the architect? Find words in the text that mean: 1. a lot of cars moving very slowly 2. to think carefully about what you are doing 3. a famous person 4. looks for a long time Unit 12 • Trying your best 6/ Vocabulary 11 Hot verbs - go and come Vocabulary spot 1 We use go + -ing to talk about sports and leisure activities. We go skiing every winter. Let's go shopping. 2 We use go fora + noun to refer to a specific occasion. I’m going for a walk. Do you want to come? Lefsgoforadrive. 3 Go expresses a movement away from the speaker. Go away! Leave me alone. Come expresses a movement towards the speaker. Come over to my house for a barbecue. Complete the sentences with words from the box. Put go or come in the correct form. come over go out come back go skiing go home come home go to come here go for go with come on 1. (At work) I don’t feel well. I ____________ , if that’s OK. 2. (At home) I didn’t feel well at work today, so I ____________ early. 3. The water in the pool looks fantastic! I ’ve just got to____________ a swim. 4. A You haven’t seen my new place. Why don’t you____________ and see it tonigl B I ’d love to, but I ____________ the movies with Dave. 5. I don’t feel like cooking tonight. Would you like____________ to eat? 6. I ____________ in Vancouver next week. Can you lend me a jacket? 7. I ’ve got a secret for you ! and I ’ll tell you! 8. I hate you! Go away and don’t ever____________ 9. I ’m going to Rio for the weekend. Would you like____________ me? 10. I t’s 8:00!___________ !Get out of bed. Y ou’ll be late for school. Pronunciation 12 Vowel sounds and spelling i (SUED Look at the chart. These are the main English vowel sounds. Can you recognize the phonetic symbols? Look at the phonetic symbols on page 84. Try to say the vowel sounds. « Short vowel sounds /e/ læl lui Ia I h i Long vowel sounds i n l al loi l ui 2 g i b Put these words into the correct place in the chart. Practice saying the words. can could must said three live soon about saw want 3 G J E D Look at the words in phonetics. Write the words. Practice saying them. 1. /gud/ 4. l ôætl 2. /sni/ 5. I M I 3. /sam/ 6. /0 ri:/ 7. /for:/ 8. /nu:/ 9. /mi:n/ 68 Unit 12 • Trying your best Check it 13 Correcting mistakes Correct the mistakes in these sentences. 1. How long you have been studying English? 6. 2. She’s living in Seoul for two years. 7. 3. Have you known Bob since a long time? 8. 4. She been working very hard lately. 9. 5. I’ve started studying Thai three years ago. 10. 14 Listening Patrick McCreary goes to college i GH E 9 Patrick McCreary is 73 years old and a student at Wilson University in Boston. Another student, Millie, is interviewing him for the university magazine. Listen and underline the correct answer. 1. Patrick is studying_____ a. world history b. American history c. electrical engineering 2. Patrick didn’t go to college when he was younger because_____ a. he was running his own business b. he didn’t enjoy studying c. he had to take care of his son 3. He had an electrical appliance store for_____ a. over 35 years b. almost 35 years c. exactly 35 years 4. He and his son Sean sold electrical appliances_____ a. all over the city b. all over the world c. only in the store 5. Millie’s mother_____ a. has been having problems with her washing machine b. has been using the same washing machine for ten years c. needs a new washing machine 6. Patrick’s been studying_____ a. for two years b. for almost two years c. since he sold the store 7. When he finishes college, he’d like to_____ a. write a book about American history b. teach American history c. go back to the store Did you finish your homework yet? He’s Brazilian. He’s coming from Rio. Can you bring this glass of water to that man over there? I told him to go back to home immediately. We’ve just brought a new washing machine. 2 G3ED Listen again and complete the sentences with the exact words from the interview. 1. We’re all__________to know why you’re interested__________studying. 2. I’ve wanted to study__________years ... but... I just didn’t have the__________ 3. We__________ people their new fridges and __________back the old ones. 4. I love ... getting to__________ all the young people. 5. I’ve heard that you’re also__________ for jobs. 6. __________I’ve been___________about what I could do when I finish. 7. I would love to__________ the opportunity to pass on my__________ for American history. 8. I was__________ if I could__________ a photo of you. Unit 12 • Trying your best 69 x Review Question forms 1 Word order Put the words in the right order to ask a question, and write true answers. 1. from / you / where / are / ? Where are you from?_______ I’m from Vietnam._________ 2. it / now / raining / right / is / ? 3. Thai / ever / you / food / eaten / have / ? 4. are / going / do / you / this / to / what / weekend / ? 5. time / up / get / usually / do / what / you / ? 6. many / you / can / how / languages / speak / ? 7. start / English / when / you / studying / did / ? 2 Short answers Complete the questions in A. Then match a question in A and an answer in B. A B Does hp romp from Mpxirn? — ^ Yes, you are. Yes, he is. No, we aren’t. Yes, we did. No, you don’t. No, she doesn’t. -Yes, he does. hp rominp this pvpninp? | 1latp? / wp pninp by rar? / shp work in a bank? 1nppH a passport? \ wp spp him ypstprrlay? ^ 3 Correcting mistakes In each of the following questions there is one mistake. Find it and correct it. 1. What you do? What do you doP_______________ 2. Does he got an iPod? ? 3. Have you ever ride a motorcycle? ? 4. What you are doing tonight? ? 5. Where you went last night? ? 6. Y our friends they like traveling? ? 7. Do you can speak English? ? 8. What are you go to do tomorrow? ? o Present Simple 1 Making questions Write questions and answers. 1. he/get up (6:00) What time does he get up?_________________________ He gets up at 6:00._______________________________ 2. she/do (architect) ? 3. they/live (Seoul) ? 4. Mark/study (J apanese) ? 70 Review r 5. bank/open (9:00) P ^S t S i m p l e 1 Describing a vacation 6. her parents/come from (Canada) 7. she/speak (Russian and Chinese) Put the verb in parentheses in the Past Simple. 2 Making negatives Make the following sentences negative. Then give the right information. 1. Lions live in North America. Lions don’t live in North America. They live in Africa. 2. A race car goes slowly. 3. Birds build nests underground. 4. Sushi comes from Brazil. 5. The temperature rises at night. 6. Veterinarians help sick people. 7. Brazilians speak Spanish. 3 Present Simple or Continuous? Underline the correct verb form in the following sentences. 1. He speaks/ ’s speaking English and Spanish. 2. I don’t understand I ’m not understanding. 3. Hurry up! I w a i t/ ’m waiting. 4. What sports do you like/are you likingl 5. We come/’re comingto see you this weekend. 6. “What do you do/are you doingV’ “I write I ’m writing a postcard.” 7. Do you drive/Are you driving on the left in the U.S.? 8. “Do you enjoy/Are you enjoying the movie?” “Yes, I do/am.” 9. “Does she need/Is she needing any help?” “No, she doesn’t / i s n ’t.” David Where (1) did you go (go) for your last vacation, Sara? Sara I (2)________(go) bicycling in Canada with two friends. David Oh yes? How (3)________ (get) there? Sara We (4)_________(catch) the ferry from Seattle to Vancouver. David (5)________ (stay) in hotels? Sara Only twice, when the weather (6)_________(not be) very good. The rest of the time we (7)____ ___ (camp), so we (8)________ (not spend) much money. David (9)_______ (rain) much? Sara No, the sun (10)________ (shine) most days. David (11)________ (have) any problems? Sara Well, 1(12)________ (fall) off my bike once, and we (13)________ (forget) to take instant coffee, but we (14) (not have) any mechanical problems! David What (15)_________(do) in the evenings? Sara We (16)________ (find) a campsite, and then we (17 ) ________(go) shopping in the nearest town, (18 ) ________(cook) a big dinner, and (19)_________ (eat) lots of food. I t (20) (be) great! David When (21)_________(get back)? Sara I (22)________ (fly) home last Sunday, but my friends (23)_________(come) back three days later. They (24)_________(not want) to leave Canada! \ Review 2 Short answers Answer the following questions about Sara’s holiday. Use short answers. 1. Did she go to Canada? Yes. she did_____________________________________ 2. Did they camp every night? 3. Did Sara have an accident? 4. Did they all come home at the same time? 5. Was it expensive to camp? 6. Was the weather good most of the time? 2 What were you doing? Answer the following questions about you! What were you doing at... 1. 6:00 yesterday morning? 2. 8 :0 0 a .m . yest er day? 3. 10:00 p .m . last Sunday? 4. noon yesterday? 5. 5:30 p .m . the day before yesterday? 6. 2:30 y e s t e r d a y a f t e r n o o n ? Past Continuous 1 Forming the Past Continuous What were these people doing at 6:00 last night? Make sentences in the Past Continuous. 1. J oon / not listen to the radio / watch television Jooh wasn’t listening to the radio._______________ He was watching television.____________________ 2. Maria / not work / drive home 3. We / n o t s w i m / si t i n a t r a f f i c j a m 4. Matthew and Peter / not run / play tennis 5. I / not watch a movie / take a bath 6. J ustin / not read / cook dinner 3 Past Simple or Continuous? Put the verb in parentheses in the Past Simple or the Past Continuous. Last week 1(1) decided (decide) to invite some friends over for dinner. I (2)____________ (buy) lots of delicious food, including some good sushi. At about 6:00 I (3)_____________(cook) in the kitchen. The sun (4) (shine), and it (5)_____________(be) a beautiful evening, so I (6)_____________(open) the back door. Then the telephone (7)_____________(ring). I (8)____________ (go) to answer it, and when I (9)____________ (come) back, the sushi (10 ) ____________ (not be) on the table. I (11 ) ____________ (look) out of the window. A cat (12 ) ____________ (sit) on the wall outside, and it (13 ) ____________ (eat) my sushi. What (14 ) ___________ (can) I do? I (15)______________(fill) a pan with water and (16)_____________(go) quietly outside. The cat (17)____________ (not look) in my direction, and it (18)____________ (enjoy) the sushi so much that it (19)_____________(not hear) me. I (20 ) ____________ (walk) slowly up to it—I (21 ) ____________ (want) to empty the water over its head. A bit cruel, I know, but the sushi (22)__________ (be) very expensive! But at the last moment the cat (23)____________ (hear) me, (24)_____________ (jump) over the wall, and (25)_____________(escape). The happiest cat in the neighborhood! 72 Review Verb patterns would you like or do you like? Complete the following questions using would you like or do you like. 1. What. 2. ______ 3. _____ 4. _____ 5. _____ . to drink? 6. What drinks. . to go to the movies? . going to the movies? . walking? . to go for a walk? ? 2 Match the questions in Exercise 1and the answers a-f. a. 1 A bottle of water, please. b____ Usually, but I hate horror movies. c. ___ Yes, especially in the mountains. d____ Yes. The weather is beautiful. e. ___ I t depends what’s playing. f. ___ Water or juice. 2 Infinitive or -ingl Put the verb in parentheses in the right form, infinitive or -ing. Sometimes both are possible. 1. I want t° S&N (sell) my car. 2. I ’m thinking of _____________(buy) a car. (be) here by 7:00. 3. She hopes________ 4. I love____________ (watch) black and white movies. 5. I ’d like____________ (continue)_____________ (study), but I don’t have enough money. 6. Would you like_____________(work) in a hospital? 7. He started_____________(play) golf last year. will and going to Choosing the correct form Underline the correct verb form in the following sentences. 1. “I ’m cold.” “I ’ll turn / I ’m going to turn the heat on.” 2. “Can I speak to Marco?” “Hold on, I ’ll g e t / I ’m going to get him.” 3. “Coffee or tea?” “I ’ll have / I ’m going to have tea, please.” 4. “Does Hugh have any plans for the weekend?” “Yes, he’ll visit / he’s going to visit his grandparents.” 5. “Cathy’s on the phone for you.” “Can she call back? I ’ll t a k e / I ’m going to take a bath.” 6. “77/ g o / I ’m going to go to the supermarket.” “Oh, will you /are youl I think I ’ll come / I ’m going to come with you.” 7. “Did you get my e-mail?” “No, I didn’t.” “OK, I ’ll send/ I’m going to send it again.” 8. “Sophie? Will you marry me / Are you going to marry me?” “Oh, J ames! Yes, of course I will / I ’m going to.” Review 73 Present Perfect 1 Making positive and negative sentences Have you ever done these things? Put a check ( / ) or a cross (X) next to each one. Then write sentences. \Z\ written a letter to a newspaper □ skied in the Andes □ met a famous person □ visited China □ won a prize □ sung in public □ read Shakespeare in English 1. I ’ve never written a letter to a newspaper._____________ 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2 Making questions Put the words in the right order to ask a question, and write true answers. 1. ever / you / to / Australia / been / have / ? Have you ever been to Australia?_____________________ Yes, I have._______________________________________ 2. haircut / you / have / a / had / recently / ? 3. year / have / movies / this / you / seen / what / ? 4. ever / plane / a / you / missed / have / ? 5. restaurant / eaten / a / you / have / in / week / this / ? 6. any / you / have / DVDs / bought / month / this / ? 3 Present Perfect or Past Simple? Put the verb in parentheses in the Present Perfect or the Past Simple. Interviewer Today I ’m talking to Tony Crooks, the movie director. Tell me, Tony, how long (1) have you been (be) a director? Tony Well, I (2)_______________ (study) moviemaking in college in the 1980s, and I (3) (work) as a director for over 20 years now. Interviewer What (4)______ movie you (5)___________ (be) the first (make)? Tony A Prisoner’s Life in 1988, but I (6). (lose) the only copy a year later, so nobody (7) (see) it since then! My first successful film (8)_______________ (be) Always, which (9). (come out) in 1992. Interviewer And how many countries (10)______________ (visit)? (11)___ (make) movies outside the U.S.? Tony I (12)_______________ (not work) in many countries—only the U.S., Canada, and Italy. Last month I (13)_______________ (fly) to Rome and (14)_______________ (spend) two weeks filming there. Interviewer When (15)________ Tony I n 2004.1(16)___________ _ (go) to Canada? (want) to make a TV documentary called North and South, about the differences between the U.S. and Canada, so I (17)_______________ (drive) up there. Interviewer What are the best things about your job? Tony The travel and the people. I (18 ) ______________ (travel) all over the world, going to film festivals and so on. And I (19) ______________(meet) some great people. Interviewer (20)______________ (start) any new projects recently? Tony Yes, last week I (21)___________ (sign) a contract for a new film set in China. Interviewer Well, thank you, Tony—it (22)_______________ (be) very interesting talking to you. Review \ have to and should 1 Making positive and negative sentences Complete the following sentences using have to, has to, don’t have to, doesn’t have to, should, or shouldn’t. 1. “I ’m tired.” “Y ou should gGto bed.” 2. “I haven’t done my homework.” “Don’t worry. Y ou___________ do it today.” 3. “What time do we___________ be at the airport?” “12:30—I think we___________ call a taxi now.” 4. “J ane___________ work on Saturdays.” “That’s terrible. She___________ get a new job.” 5. “Luke. . wear a school uniform.” “Lucky him! All his brothers and sisters _ “Does he___________ go on a diet?’ “No, he_______________ , but I think he. 2 What’s the problem? Look at the advice. What problems do the people have? 1. “ I have a headache “Y ou should take an aspirin.’ 2. “ “Y ou should study harder.’ 3. “You should take it back to the store.’ 4. “ “Y ou should keep it in a safe place.’ 5. “ “Y ou should call the police.” will and First Conditional 1 Choosing the correct form I n the following pairs of sentences, put a check ( / ) next to a correct answer or a cross (X) next to a wrong answer. 1. □ I f it’s sunny tomorrow, we’ll play tennis. □ I f it will be sunny tomorrow, we play tennis. 2. □ I want to see her before she’ll go. □ I want to see her before she goes. 3. A Do we have any milk? □ B No, I buy some. □ B No, I ’ll buy some. 4. □ Will you see Robert tomorrow? □ Do you see Robert tomorrow? I 5. □ I ’ll wait here until you’ll call. □ I ’ll wait here until you call. 2 What will happen? Match a line in A with a line in B. Then make sentences using the First Conditional. A B you/give me some money she/study more V' there/be an election it/stop raining the phone/ring you/cook the weather/get worse the river/not flood - I/do the shopping I/do the dishes we/not go for a walk the other party/win she/not fail her classes 1/answer it 1. If you give me some money. I ’ll do the shopping. 2. ______________________________________________ 3. __________________________________________ 4. __________________________________________ 5. __________________________________________ 6. ________________________________________________ 7. The passive 1 Forming the passive Write the sentences using the correct form of the passive. * 1. last year / 200 houses / build Last year 200 houses were built.________________ 2. this week / 4,000 books / sell 3. the mail / deliver / 8:00 every morning 4. Hyundai cars / not make / Sweden 5. four people / arrest / during yesterday’s soccer game 6. The White House / closed to the public / 2001 7. the new bridge / not build / next year Review 2 Active or passive? Put the verbs in parentheses in the correct tense: Past Simple, Present Perfect, or Present Simple, active or passive. Mount Everest and K2 (1) are believed (believe) to be the two tallest mountains in the world, but they (2 ) ______________ (be) very different. Everest (3 ) ______________ (climb) for the first time in 1953, and since then thousands of people (4 ) ______________ (stand) on the summit. You (5 ) ______________ (not need) to be a professional climber—every year many people (6)______________ Second Conditional (take) to the top by guides. But in recent years this popularity (7)______________ (begin) to cause problems. Since 1953 thousands of tons of garbage (8)______________ (left) at the foot of the mountain, and a lot of people (9)______________ (think) that the “Everest experience” (10)_______________ (ruin) by the number of visitors. K2, deep in the Himalayas, (11)______________ (not measure) until 1859, seven years after Everest. It (12)_______________ (say) to be the most dangerous mountain in the world, and it (13)______________ (not climb) as often as Everest has. Every year small numbers of mountaineers (14)______________ (try) to reach the top, but not many (15)______________ (succeed)—some of the worst Himalayan accidents in the last 20 years (16)_______________ (happen) on the mountain, and many lives (17)______________ (lose). Tourist expeditions (18)_______________ (start) going to Everest in the 1980s, and the number of visitors (19)______________ (rise) since then, but they (20)----------------------- (not go) to K2. 1 What would they do? Match a line in A with a line in B. Then make sentences using the Second Conditional. A B you / start exercising-— he / study harder 1/ be president 1/ win the lottery she / have a car 1/ buy an alarm clock she / speak / three languages be / an interpreter not need to take the bus -feel so tired get better grades abolish the income tax not be late for work buy a Ferrari 1 If you started exercising, you wouldn’t feel so tired. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Correcting mistakes I n each of the following sentences there is one mistake. Find it and correct it. 1. I ’d lend you the money if I’d have it. I’d lend you the money if I had it.______________________ 2. I f I have more money, I ’d go on vacation. 3. We could play soccer if the weather would be nice. 4. I’ll help you in the yard if my back didn’t hurt. 5. I f I were from the U.S., I didn’t have to study English! Review Present Perfect Simple and Continuous 1 Present Perfect Simple Complete the following sentences with suitable words. 1. I ’ve never been to Taipei. 2. “You have a tan. Have you________ on vacation?” “Yes, we’ve_________ gotten back.” 3. “________you heard? J ane’s_________ a baby!” “Really?__________ she gotten out of the hospital?” “No, not__________” 4. “I ’ve_________ all my New Year’s cards.” “What,_________?But it’s only October!” 5. “________you arranged your vacation?” “I _________bought the tickets, but I ________ gotten the insurance_________ ” 6. “I _______ worked here_________two years.” “And how l ong________ you lived in Toronto?” “________ 1992.” 7. “________ anybody seen my glasses? I’ve _________ them.” “No, we_________ ” 2 What have you been doing? Answer the questions. Put the verbs in the box in the Present Perfect Continuous. plan my vacation sit in the sun try them on decorate the bathroom clean repair the car 1. “Why are your hands dirty?” “I’ve been repairinq the car 5) 2. “The kitchen looks better.” « 3. “Why is his face red?” « » 4. “What are these brochures for?” « » 5. “Why are their clothes covered in paint?” a » 6. “Why are all her winter clothes out?” « » 3 Present Perfect Simple or Continuous? I n the following pairs of sentences, one verb form is right and one is wrong. Put a check ( / ) or a cross (X) next to each one. 1. [ j How long have you been writing that letter? I !How long have you written that letter? 2. i | I ’m exhausted! I ’ve played tennis for hours. I 1I ’m exhausted! I ’ve been playing tennis for hours. 3 j ] Have you ever flown to Asia? I !Have you ever been flying to Asia? 4. □ Oh no! I ’ve lost my car keys. i I Oh no! I ’ve been losing my car keys. 5. I Has the movie been starting? [ I Has the movie started? 6. O How long has she been having her car? How long has she had her car? 7. | I ’ve been breaking my leg. □ I ’ve broken my leg. Review Audi o Scri pt s U N I T I 0 D Life in a new city K = Kathy H = Heather K Hello? H Hey, Kathy, it’s Heather! How’s life in the big city? K Heather! I t’s so good to hear from you. Things here in New Y ork are ... good. I guess. H What do you mean, you guess? K Well, you know it’s been about three months since I moved here from California. And I ’m finding it really difficult to meet people and make friends here. H Oh, I see. K I mean, my coworkers at the high school are really nice—I started teaching science there about six weeks ago, I think. But I don’t spend any time with them outside of work. H Hmm, that’s too bad. Maybe you should find a hobby or something. That’s always a good way to meet people. Are you still doing karate? K Yes, once a week. And I ’m going jogging three times a week. And I still like to go to the country and go hiking on the weekends. So far I haven’t made any friends that way, though. I ’m thinking of taking a dance class. What do you think of that? H That’s a great idea, Kathy! Who knows, maybe you’ll even find a rich, handsome boyfriend there! K Oh, Heather ... H Why not? Y ou’re smart, you’re funny, and everyone at home loved your long red hair and green eyes. Am I right? K Well, I don’t know. But it would be nice to meet somebody who’s nice. And who has a good sense of humor. Oh, and tall, with dark hair, between the ages of 26 and 34, with a good job ... H I know what you mean! U N I T 2 G I B A life in Australia N = Nikki J = Jo J Hello? 78 Audio Scripts N Hi, J o. I t’s Nikki calling all the way from Australia. How’s everything in Seattle? J Nikki! I t’s so good to hear from you. We’re fine. How are things down under? How are the kids? What time is it over there? N I t’s nine o’clock in the morning, and the kids are swimming in the pool. I t’s another really hot day! J I don’t believe it. I t’s two o’clock in the afternoon here and windy and freezing cold, and, of course, it’s raining and raining. The kids’ soccer game was today, but they can’t play in the rain, so they’re just playing at home. N Oh, yeah. That Seattle weather. That’s one thing I don’t miss. We have sun every day, and it doesn’t rain very often. I never cook in the kitchen. We usually have barbecues in the backyard and relax at night under the stars. J I t sounds like you have a wonderful life. We usually relax in front of the TV—not many warm starry nights here. And Nikki, how’s work? Are you working these days? N Well, I ’m working part-time at the kids’ school. I go in three mornings a week and run a few art classes and then help clean up the mess. Y ou can imagine the mess with a class of 6- and 7-year-olds! I don’t make much money, just a few dollars, but I like working only part-time and, of course, I get the school vacations with the kids. J And what about Dave? He has a new job, doesn’t he? N Yes, and it’s going well. Y ou know he’s the manager of a large computer company now. He’s enjoying it—and he’s really well-paid—but it’s hard work. He works late every night and sometimes on weekends. He’s totally exhausted when he gets home. I t’s too bad ’cause we have lots of friends here, and he’s usually too tired to go out. What about you? How’s your work? Are you still teaching at City College? J Oh yes. I ’m still there for now but I ’m looking for another job. Hey, Nikki, I ’m really sorry, but I have to go—I still need to make lunch for the kids. I t’s been great talking to you. I ’ll call you back tomorrow and then we’ll talk more. N Great. I ’ll talk to you then. Bye for now! J Bye, and tell Dave and the kids I said hi. U N I T 3 GI EO Someone stole my bag! P = Policeman M = Maria P Good morning, ma’am. Can I help you? M Oh, yes. Hello officer. Oh, it’s terrible! P Now try and calm down and then you can tell me what happened. M OK. I ’ll try. Well, I was walking along Main Street and, uh, I was hot, so I took off my jacket and, uh, I was carrying it in my right hand, I think, no, it was my left hand. Yes, my left hand. And then suddenly my cell phone rang. I heard it ring, but I couldn’t find it in my bag and .... P Now hold on a minute. First tell me your name and address. M Oh, sorry. I t’s Maria, Maria Clements, and I live at 23 Pine Street. P Thank you, Maria. Now, you were carrying your jacket, and you were looking for your phone in your bag, right? M Yes. Oh, and it’s a new phone. I only got it two days ago. P Could you please tell me what happened? M Of course, sorry. Um, I couldn’t find my phone, so I stopped walking and put my bag on a bench to look more carefully. P Were you holding your bag? M No, I wasn’t, ’cause my jacket was in my other hand, and my cell phone, it was ... it was still ringing, um, and then suddenly there was this man who was walking towards me. As he walked by, he picked up my bag and ... oh it was awful! .He just ran off. He took my bag, my cell phone ... it was still ringing ... he took everything. I t all happened so quickly. P I know, these things are very upsetting. Did you see the man? What did he look like? M Well, unfortunately, I didn’t get a good look because I was looking in my bag at the time. But I think he was pretty young, about 18 or 20, and he had long brown hair. P Did you see what he was wearing? M Mmm. I think he was wearing jeans and a T-shirt, a blue T-shirt, I think. P What time did the incident occur? M Oh! I t happened 20 minutes ago, at one o’clock. P Could you describe your bag, please, and tell me what’s in it? M I t’s pretty big, uh, not very big, it’s pink and black with lots of pockets—that’s why I couldn’t find my phone, too many pockets. My wallet was in the bag—it’s blue, and there was $20 in it, also my driver’s licence and a photo of my husband. Oh dear, and my house keys, they were in the bag too! P Well, Maria, you are a very lucky woman. Fortunately, someone handed in a handbag fitting that description just ten minutes ago. The thief obviously dropped it. Y ou should be more careful in the future and always hold on to your bag. M Oh, thank you officer. What a relief! U N I T 4 G 3E 3 At the back of the classroom B = Billy H = Henry Mrs. B = Mrs. Blair B Psst, Henry! Would you like some Halloween candy? H Yes, please. Can I have two pieces? Mmm, it’s yummy. B Shh! Not so loud! Mrs. Blair will hear us. H Sorry. Hey, wow! That’s a lot of candy you have. How many pieces did you get? I didn’t get that many! B Oh, I got lots and lots, maybe 50 or 60! H Y ou did not! B OK, OK. I ’m only joking. I got 20, actually—but see J ack Blakely over there? Do you know how many he got? H No, how many? B He got a hundred! His parents helped him. He always gets so much of everything. H J ack Blakely’s spoiled! He gets everything he wants all of the time. Holidays, his birthday, every day. B Hey, isn’t it your birthday soon? I t’s the week before mine, right? What do you want for your birthday, Henry? I want some money or something really big like a new bike. Oh, and some clothes, yeah. I’d love a new pair of jeans. H Clothes? No way. I don’t want any clothes. I want something for my new video game system. There’s a new game called Robot I nvasion 2. No one has it here. Y ou can only get it in J apan. I t’s very expensive, but my uncle J ustin is working in Tokyo, and he makes a lot of money, so he’s going to get it for me. B Wow! I don’t know anyone who lives in J apan. My uncle lives in California, and he doesn’t make much money. He just sends me a few dollars for my birthday if he can. H Well, my— Mrs. B Henry and Billy! Be quiet and finish your work. H and B Sorry, Mrs. Blair. Mrs. B Now, for homework tonight, I ’d like everyone to finish Exercise 3 and then do Exercises 4 and 5. H So much homework! I t’s not fair! Mrs. B Shh, Henry, or I ’ll give you another exercise. H But— Mrs.B Henry! U N I T 5 G3E23 Summer vacations R = Robert S = Serena R At last, Friday! I am really looking forward to the weekend. I ’m absolutely exhausted. S Me too, and I ’m really excited today— you know I ’m going on vacation tomorrow. Two weeks away from the office! R Oh yeah. I forgot. Lucky you! Where are you going this year? S Well, we usually go to Mexico, but we wanted to go somewhere different this year, so we decided to go to France. We’re staying at a friend’s house. R Wow! That’s fantastic. I love France. I ’d love to quit this job and go to live there for a few years. S Really! What would you do? Would you take the family? R Oh yes. I t’s my dream. I ’d like to buy an old farm and grow fruit and vegetables. The kids would love it. I ’d have to improve my French, of course. I can speak it a little now, but I ’d like to be much more fluent. I ’m going to take x classes again next year. S Good for you! I started to learn Spanish once, but I gave up. So, are you going on vacation to France this summer, then? To start looking for that farm? R Oh no, that’s a dream for the future. We’re staying at home this year. Y ou see, we’re trying to save money for a new car, and we want to renovate the house. We’ll probably go away for a long weekend to Canada at the end of the summer, and I ’m hoping to go on a few day trips to the beach with the kids. S Well, one reason we’re going to France is for the kids. Susie needs to practice her French, you know. She’s majoring in French now. R Wow, is she in college already? I t’ll be so good for her French. And you’ll have to learn some French too, right? Would you like to borrow a French phrasebook? I have an excellent one at home with lots of useful expressions. S That would be great. I forgot to buy one. I ’ll come and get it this evening if that’s OK? R Of course. Anyway, back to work. Only two more hours. S OK. See you tonight, then. U N I T 6 l i i l E Q The richest man in town R = Reporter D = Danny R Well, Danny, I ’m sure you are the happiest, luckiest, and richest man in Watford today. What does it feel like to win $10 million? D It feels fantastic. I still can’t quite believe it! I t’s going to make a big difference to my life. I mean, I ’m not a poor man—we plumbers make good money, but I never thought I would be as rich as this. I t’s just amazing! R So, what is the first thing you are going to buy? A new car? A big house? D Hmmm. I think it will have to be a new car. Not the most expensive, not as expensive as a Ferrari or a Lamborghini—I think maybe a Porsche, they’re a little cheaper. I ’ve always dreamed of owning a silver Porsche, and it’ll be faster than my ten-year-old van, that’s for sure. R Sounds good to me, Danny. And what’s it like being famous? Everyone in Watford knows you’re the richest man in town. ' D I m suddenly the most popular, too. R Oh yes. I ’m sure lots of women will want to meet you. Suddenly you’ll be the most handsome man in town! D Well, I was before I won all this money. No. Only joking. I ’m afraid money can’t change the fact that I ’m still an ugly old guy with no hair! R Haven’t you heard of plastic surgery, Danny? Y ou can be as good looking as Brad Pitt or Tom Cruise, and you could also look ten years younger. D Tom Cruise? Me! Y ou’re joking now. No way. No plastic surgery for me. I ’m wealthy and I ’m healthy, and that’s good enough for me. But I could lose a few pounds—I ’m not as thin as I’d like to be. Too much pizza! R Well, you can go to the most expensive restaurants now and stay in the best hotels. D Expensive restaurants? I don’t think so. I don’t like them very much. I like my pizza, and I like my French fries, but I am going to stay in the best hotels. I ’m taking my mom and dad for the vacation of a lifetime. We’re going to Hawaii. Audio Scripts 79 R Wonderful! Well, Danny, it’s been very interesting talking to you, and I ’m sure you are going to enjoy spending all that money. D Oh yes. Now, could you tell me where the nearest Porsche dealership is? U N I T 7 G 3E 9 Welcome to the Peter Petersen Show! P = Peter Petersen D = Damien Decker P Good evening, ladies and gentlemen and welcome to the Peter Peterson Show. Our special guest this evening is Damien Decker, the star of Hollywood’s latest blockbuster War Without Guns. Hi, Damien. So glad you could be with us tonight. I ’m sure you’re delighted with the success of War Without Guns. Y ou’ve become a famous actor overnight! How do you feel about your success? D Yeah, I can’t really believe it. I t’s all happened so quickly. I mean, six months ago, I was a waiter at Hamburger Heaven, and now I ’m a Hollywood star. Man! I t’s unbelievable. P Have you always wanted to be an actor, Damien? D Well, I ’m 28 now, but I ’ve wanted to be an actor for years, uh, since I was about 8. My mum took me to see Tom Cruise in Top Gun. I loved that movie, and from then on I dreamed about becoming a famous actor. So it’s taken 20 years to get a big part. I ’ve been really unlucky up until now. I got close a couple of times, but then it always went to another successful actor like Orlando Bloom or Brad Pitt. P I heard the part you play in War Without Guns was offered first to Ben Storm. He’s been in so many successful Hollywood movies. D Yeah. That’s right. Hey, you’ve done your homework, haven’t you Peter? Yeah, I was the second choice. I mean, Ben’s a great actor, but he was really busy at the time, and he just didn’t want to do this movie. P So your dream has come true at last. You landed the role of Mark Matthews, a successful war photographer, who’s followed wars all over the world. D Yeah. He’s a brave guy and also a nice guy who adores his wife—uh, she’s an important politician—and is a great dad to his young son, but then he meets this beautiful— P Hey, don’t tell us the whole,story—you want people to go and see it! D Yeah, sure—anyway it was a fantastic part to play, and Christina Diaz is terrific as the young girl. P She certainly is. I t’s only been out a few days, and it’s already been an incredible success. I loved the ending, I just didn’t expect Mark to— D Hey, that’s enough now, Peter. A lot of people haven’t seen it yet, and you’re telling them the ending. P Sorry. Well, everyone, you must go and see War Without Guns—it’s one of the best movies I ’ve seen in years. Thank you, Damien. I t’s been great to meet you. I ’m sure we’ll see lots more of you in the future. What’s your next movie? D Well, I haven’t heard anything definite yet, but maybe the next J ames Bond! U N I T 8 0 3 1 9 You’ll have a great time! J = Justin S = Sam J So, when are you off to New Y ork, Sam? Next week, isn’t it? S Yeah. I have to start work a week from Monday, so I ’m flying out next Thursday, but I don’t have everything ready yet. J Well, good luck. I ’m sure you’ll love it there. I know I do. S Yeah, you’re from New York, aren’t you? Do you have any advice? J Yeah. Sure. Well, you’ll be there from October to March, so i t’s going to be pretty cold. Y ou should take some warm clothes. And you know you have to have a work permit. They’re very strict. S Oh, I think that’s all arranged. The university’s arranged all my documents, but maybe I should check just in case. J Sam! Y ou should! Y ou have to have all the right documents or they won’t let you in the country. Has the university found housing for you? S Oh yes. I ’ve seen photos. A tiny apartment in Greenwich Village. That’s a good location, isn’t it? J Oh yes, the Village is great. Fantastic restaurants. There’s the most amazing — pizzeria there. Best pizza in New York. I t’s called Giuseppe’s Pizza Parlor, you must go there. S Excellent. And any other places I should visit? I want to have a real New York experience. J Well then, you must visit all the main tourist attractions: the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, Central Park—they’re all “musts.” One of my favorite places is Grand Central Station. I t’s amazing. Y ou should go and have oysters at The Oyster Bar there. S Mmmm. Sounds great—and I don’t even like oysters. I know I must be careful not to eat too much over there. They have huge portions in the U.S., don’t they? And I have to watch my weight! J Yes. I t’s really easy to put on weight in New Y ork. Y ou should eat plenty of salad and fish and you’ll be fine. But i t’s only for six months, just enjoy it! S Yeah, you’re right. I ’ll go on a diet when I get back home. I don’t want to miss out on Giuseppe’s famous pizza! U N I T 9 O E 9 What’s in the future? M = Maria S = Susan M Susan! Hi! Come in! Do you want something to drink? Coffee, tea? S Hi, Maria. Thanks. Maybe some coffee, if it isn’t too much trouble. With milk and sugar. M No problem. J ust have a seat and make yourself at home. S Thanks, Maria. I t’s good to see you. I ’ve been having a terrible few weeks. M Really? That’s awful! Hmm, it’s true. You don’t look very happy. S No, I ’m not very happy. I don’t know what I ’m going to do. Y ou see, people at work are saying that our company is in trouble and we’re all going to lose our jobs! And if I lose my job, I’ll lose everything—my house, my car, and I won’t even be able to go on vacation. My life will be over! M Oh, Susan, it’s not always the end of the world if you lose your job. I mean, who knows? Y ou might do something really cool instead. There are lots of possibilities. S Oh, yeah? Like what kinds of possibilities? M Well, have you ever thought about traveling? S Oh, yes. Y ou know I was going to go traveling when I finished college. But then I got this job, and it was such a good job, I had to take it. M Too bad you’re probably going to lose it now. S I know! What will I do? How can I be happy? I f I don’t have a job, I ’ll have to sell my house and ... M Yes, I know, but Susan, you’ll make some money when you sell your house. And maybe, with that money, you’ll do something you’ve always wanted to do. Like, I don’t know—you’ll go to Australia. And you’ll have a wonderful time there. Perhaps even fall in love ... S Really? What makes you so sure? M I don’t know, it’s just a feeling I have. I think you’ll be very happy next year. S Yeah, you know what? Y ou might be right! You know I ’ve always wanted to Audio Scripts go to Australia. I can just see myself there—I ’ll live in Sydney, in a nice little apartment on the beach. And I ’ll find a good job and meet some really interesting people and ... M Of course, then again, you might not lose your job here. S That’s true. But if I go to Australia, you have to come with me! M OK, it’s a deal. U N I T 10 G I E 3 A phone call to a phone company SI = Salesperson 1 S2 = Salesperson 2 G = Gary Boyd D = David SI Good morning. Faster Phone, the caring phone company. Tom speaking. How can I help you? G Good morning. I have a problem. You see, I signed up with you last month and I was sent a bill today for $200. Now when I signed up, you said that $50 a month was the maximum I ... 51 Sorry, I ’m afraid you’ve reached the wrong department, sir. Hold on a moment, and I ’ll put you through to Customer Service. 52 Good morning. Faster Phone, the caring phone company. Sally speaking. How can I help you? G Good morning. I started phone service with you a month ago. I was advised by one of your sales assistants to get this new Faster Phone package. I was told I could get 500 minutes talk time and 150 text messages for $50 a month. Now, today, I received a bill for $200. Could you please explain why? S2 Oh! Y ou need to speak to David, and he’s out right now. I don’t know when he’ll be back. Do you want to leave a message? He can call you back later. G I would like to speak to someone now. Y ou said Faster Phone always takes care of their customers. Who can I speak to now? S2 I ’m sorry, sir. Last week the Faster Phone Company was taken over by the Cell Phone Factory, so there have been some changes. That’s all the information I can give you at this time. G I’d like to speak to a manager now, please. I am not going to pay $200. S2 I can’t transfer you to the manager, but I can give you her number. I t’s (412) 555-7885. Oh, hold on a minute, David’s back. I ’m sure he’ll be able to help you. I ’ll put you through to him. D Good morning. Faster Phone, the caring phone company, David speaking. Can I help you? G I certainly hope so. I was sold a phone package with your company for $50 a month, but I was sent a bill for $200. D I 'm so sorry to hear that, sir. Let’s see what I can do. Now what is your customer reference number please? G R73889506. D Ah yes. Mr. Boyd. I can see what’s happened. Y ou were sold a package through Faster Phone that was $50 a month, but since we’ve been taken over by the Cell Phone Factory, that has gone up to $200. G What! D I t’s OK, sir. Don’t worry. By law the Cell Phone Factory has to give you the same deal, and your bill will be changed immediately to $50. G Thank you. Y ou’ve been very helpful. D No problem, Mr. Boyd. I ’m glad I could help. Good-bye. G Good-bye. U N I T 11 Q 3 Q It’s election time P = Paul Ross J = Jenny Baker P Good morning and welcome to Wake Up America. Today my special guest is J enny Baker, the leader of the Blue Party. Good morning, J enny, and welcome to the program. J Good morning. I t’s good to be here. P Now, J enny. The election is next month, and your party is making so many promises about how you would improve the economy if you were in power. So tell us, what exactly would you change if you ran the government? J Well, as you know, inflation and unemployment have both gone up and up with the current administration. We would bring inflation down from 10% to 2%, and there wouldn’t be any unemployment. Right now there are more than 20 million people without jobs. P Well, we’re all very glad to hear you will bring down inflation. I think we all agree that it can’t continue to go up month after month. J Yes. I f it does, thousands of people will lose their homes. I t’s a terrible problem. This administration has made such a mess of the economy. My party would love to have the opportunity to make the changes this country needs. This administration has run out of ideas. The country needs our party, the Blue Party, to take it successfully into the future. P So, J enny, if you woke up tomorrow morning and you were in charge, what would be the first thing you would do? J Well, first of all, I ’d spend $10 billion on education. Under the present system, young people have to borrow huge amounts of money to go to college if their parents aren’t really wealthy. Everyone should have an equal opportunity in education. P So, if I had an 18-year-old son, and I didn’t have the money to pay for his university education, how would your party help me? J We would introduce a new system. Y our son wouldn’t have to borrow a penny. All education would be free. Currently, 60% of all students leave college with a debt of $10,000 or more. This is no way to start your career. P Well, this sounds wonderful, almost too good to be true! I ’m sure every family in the country would be very pleased. J ust one final very important point. How would you pay for all of this? Where would the money come from? Wouldn’t taxes have to go ... J No, no, no! There would be no tax increases. We would ... P Amazing! Oh, I ’m afraid we’ve run out of time, J enny. Thank you for speaking to us this morning. I t’s been very interesting. J Thank you for having me. I t’s been a pleasure. U N I T 12 G 3E 9 Patrick McCreary goes to college M = Millie P = Patrick M Hello, Patrick. Thank you for giving me an interview for the Wilson Student Gazette. We’ve never had a 73-year-old student at Wilson University before and we’re all dying to know why you’re interested in studying at, at ... ? P I know what you’re going to say. Why am I studying at my age? I t’s because I love it! 1really enjoy learning. I ’ve been interested in American history all my life, and I ’ve wanted to study it more for years. But I was running my own business until a few years ago, and I just didn’t have the time. M What was your business, Patrick? P I had an electrical appliance store. M And did you have it for a long time? P Yes, for nearly 35 years. I sold washing machines, vacuum cleaners, fridges. I worked with my son, Sean. He helped me take fridges and washing machines to all different parts of the city. We took people their new fridges and brought back the old ones. All part of the service. Sean runs the shop now—it’s still in the family. M Actually, I think I know your store— McCreary’s Appliances. My mom bought a washing machine from you ten years Audio Scripts 81 ago, and it still works fine now. When I go home, I ’ll tell her that I ’m studying with Patrick McCreary of McCreary’s Appliances. She always really liked your store. P I ’m really glad to hear that. M So, Patrick, how long have you been studying at Wilson University? P I ’ve been studying here for two years now. I ’ve just finished my second year. I t’s gone by so quickly. I love being part of college life and getting to know some young people, as well. M I ’ve heard that you’re also applying for jobs. Don’t you ever get tired, Patrick? P Well, I was talking to Conor Boyd, Head of Humanities, last week, and he asked me to apply for a teaching position in his department after I graduate. Recently I ’ve been thinking about what I could do when I finish my studies. I would love to have the opportunity to pass on my passion for American history. M I ’ m sure you’ll be an excellent teacher, Patrick. Y ou know, it’s been really interesting talking to you. I was wondering if I could take a photo of you for the Gazette. P Well, of course you can. My pleasure. M Thanks so much and good luck in the future! 82 Audio Scripts SPOTLI GHT ON Unit 1 Topics and main ideas 2 Understanding topics Understanding main ideas Unit 2 Describing lifestyles 4 Present simple verbs Positive phrases that help continue conversations Unit 3 Predictions and cau se s 6 What will probably happen Understanding causes Unit 4 Numbers and amounts 8 Amounts: all, many, some, etc. Exact and approximate numbers Unit 5 Understanding purpose 10 A speaker’s or writer’s purpose Recognizing synonyms Unit 6 Short speaking t a sk s 12 Focusing for short speaking tasks Antonyms Unit 7 Past actions 14 Present perfect and past simple Negatives in the present perfect and past simple Unit 8 Certainty and uncertainty 16 Sure and unsure statements Expressions of uncertainty Unit 9 M a k i n g predictions 18 Predicting what will happen in certain conditions Simplifying sentences Unit 10 Classification 20 Organizing content through classification Understanding details in classification Unit 11 Relating listening and reading 22 Shared sub-topics Agreement and disagreement Unit 12 Pronouns 24 Pronouns and what they refer to Pronouns referring to whole ideas T E S T I N G Uni t 1 I To p i c s and mai n i d ea s Understanding topics A topic tells what a text is about in general. Knowing the topic in a text is the first step in answering reading comprehension questions. 1 Finding a topic audio file 41 Listen to or read the conversation. What is the topic? Check ( / ) the correct answer. 1. □ J enny needs a roommate for her new apartment. 2. □ J enny’s having a problem with her roommate. 3. D J enny stopped being friends with Shelly. Mark Hey, J enny. How’s your new apartment? Better than living in the dorm, I bet. Jenny Oh, hi, Mark. Yeah, it is. Most of the time. Mark What? What do you mean? You have a great apartment. Jenny Y eah.... Mark Who’s your roommate? Jenny Shelly Cole. You know, second- year biology student, from L.A. Mark Oh, yeah. I know her. How’s it going? Jenny Oh, she’s great. We like the same food, she likes to clean the house... Mark That sounds nice. Jenny Yeah. But there is one little problem. She likes to listen to music... while she’s studying. Mark Oh. Jenny Yeah. I just can’t do that. I have to study in a quiet place. And when we have exams, it’s really hard. Mark Does Shelly know how you feel? J enny No. That’s the problem. She’s such a nice roommate and a good friend, but I don’t want to hurt her feelings. Do you remember what happened last year with my old roommate Laura? One time I asked her if she could go outside to talk on the phone, and she stopped talking to me all semester! Mark Oh, yeah. But Shelly’s a different person. I think you should be honest with her. I mean, if she’s really a good friend, she’ll understand. J enny You think so? Mark Yeah, sure. And if you don’t tell her, you’re always going to feel bad. And then someday you won’t be friends anymore. J enny I guess you’re right. Thanks, Mark. Mark No problem, J enny. Let me know how it goes. Understanding main ideas Main ideas give supporting information about a topic. Finding the main ideas in a text is one of the first things you need to do when you prepare to answer certain kinds of exam questions. 2 Finding main ideas Choose the group that gives the main ideas of the conversation in Exercise 1. Group A Group B • Shelly is generally a good roommate. • There’s one problem: she listens to loud music. • Mark tells Jenny to talk to Shelly about the problem. • Jenny and Shelly like the same food. • Jenny’s old roommate stopped talking to her. • Mark wants to know what happens next. Spotlight onTesting Strategies for taking the: IELTS" Test 3 Choosing topics Read the article. What is the topic? Check ( /) the correct answer. 1. □ Choosing a college can be hard. 2. □ Deciding one’s major can be difficult. 3. □ Students have a hard time finishing college. A Major Decision About 60 percent of American students go directly from high school into college. Choosing a college can be difficult. But once these students are in college, there is one other choice that seems to be even harder—deciding on a major. On average, college students in the United States change their major three times. There are several reasons for this, according to academic advisers. About half of all freshmen start college not knowing what to major in. Among those who thi nk they know what they want to study, six out of ten end up changing their major as well. College is a time of discovery. As students take classes, they find new areas that they are interested in. Unfortunately, some of those students find so many interesting classes that they are not able to decide on a major. Some of those students end up going to school for years, without even graduating! Some advisers say that students need better tools, both in colleges and in high schools, to help them figure out what major is best for them. A few universities have started offering special computer programs to help. Students can learn more about different majors, or even about what kinds of jobs people find with each kind of major. They are sometimes surprised to find philosophy majors working for a software development company or biology majors in the tourism industry. Students seem to like these new tools, and more students use them each year. Of course there are other resources available to help, like academic advisers. Even with all of these tools available to them, choosing a major is difficult for many students. The good thing is, they can always change it. 4 Check your understanding Read paragraphs 2-5 in Exercise 3 again. What is the main idea of each paragraph? Number the sentences 2-5. Better tools are needed to help students choose the right major. a. b. c. Students often discover what they like when they take different classes. Even with great tools, deciding a major can still be hard. d . Many students change their majors. 5 Skills in review Look at the reading on page 5 of the Workbook. What is the topic? What are the main ideas? Most tests have a time limit. Get faster by practicing each section of the test with a clock. Don’t spend too much time on one or two questions or your time might run out. Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 1 3 Uni t 2 Desc r i b i n g l i f est yl es Present simple verbs A descriptionof lifestylesprobably hasmany verbsinthepresent simple. They show what a personusually does. Toanswertest questionsabout this, understand who(orwhat) doeseach action. 1 Describing lifestyles with the present simple Read the descriptions. Write the letter to complete each sentence (a-d). 1. FarmersinTohoku... a. cut wood from theforests. 2. Cooking isgood inTohokubecause b. plant somecropsby hand. people... c. play icehockey and ride 3. Inthewinter, many Yoopers... snowmobiles. 4 .____ Inboth Tohokuand theU.P., many people... d. usefresh foodsfrom nature. 1D Internet Search m a m m m m m c u m Address|http://www.smithtravelcompany.com/tohoku r Go Al Living in Japan’s Beautiful North People in the Tohoku region of J apan live close to nature. This is the northern part of J apan’s main island, Honshu. I n the thick forests, many people work as lumberjacks. They cut down cedar trees and sell the wood. Farmers in Tohoku use old ways to grow crops. They put small rice plants, one by one, into wet fields in the spring. I n the fall, they pick the rice by hand. People in Tohoku are famous for good cooking. They use fresh foods from nature. Delicious shiitake mushrooms grow near the woods. Spicy wasabi plants grow next to Tohoku’s cold rivers. Cooks in Tohoku put these and other natural foods into tasty stews called nahe. [ B Internet Search Address|http://www.smi tht ravel company.com/michigan .!( Go Living in Northern Michigan The Upper Peninsula of Michigan in the United States is a cold, northern land. It is called the “U.P.,” and people who live there are often called Y oopers. Snow falls from October to May, so Y oopers learn to love winter. They ski, play hockey on the ice, and drive vehicles called snowmobiles. The U.P. has a lot of valuable metals in its rocks. Many Y oopers work in mines to get iron, copper, and other metals. Others work as lumberjacks in the U.P.’s thick forests. They cut down pine trees and sell the wood to companies that build houses and furniture. Many Y oopers fish in the rivers or in Lake Superior, a huge lake just north of the U.P. 2 Recognizing present simple verbs Read these sentences from the descriptions again. Circle the present simple verb(s). 1. They put small rice plants, one by one, into wet fields in the spring. 2. Cooks in Tohoku put these and other natural foods into tasty stews called nabe. 3. Snow falls from October to May, so Yoopers learn to love winter. Positive phrases that help continue conversations Sometimesspeakersask questionstohelp a conversationcontinue. They also usepositivephraseslikesure, really, right, uh-huh, and yeah. Conversationsin listening testsincludephraseslikethese. Don’t get confused by them. 3 Helping a conversation continue au d io file 41 Listen to or read the conversation. Circle the phrases the speakers use for continuing the conversation. Bill Can you smell that? Pine trees! I t’s a Sara Did you swim a lot in the lake? beautiful smell. It reminds me of home. Bill No way! That water is too cold. Sara Oh, really? Sara Really? Bill Yeah. I n high school, I lived in Michigan, near Lake Superior. Bill You wouldn’t believe it. Even on hot days, the lake feels like ice. Sara Uh-huh. Sara Right. Bill And our house was next to a big pine forest. Bill Have you ever been to Lake Superior? Sara Yeah. Sara No, but I can imagine. Bill So that pine smell is like home. Bill I t’s cold and stormy, but I love it. Sara Did you like living there? Sara I ’m sure. Bill Oh, yeah. It was a lot of fun. We hiked a lot, and we went fishing all the time. Bill Now I ’m homesick! 4 Check your understanding aud i o f i l e Listen to or read the conversation again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. ___ When Mark smells pine trees, he thinks of home. 2 . ___ Mark often went swimming in Lake Superior. 3. ___ J enny has been to Lake Superior, too. 4 . ___ Mark likes the cold and stormy lake. 5 Skills in review Look at Exercise 11 (Vocabulary) on page 12 of the Workbook. After you fill the blanks, try adding phrases that help the conversation continue. Where can you put the phrases? It’sgood tounderstand right, uh-huh, and other “encouragement” phrases, but they don’t giveany information, inlistening tests, try toskip overthem. Thereareprobably noquestionsabout them. Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 2 5 Uni t 3 Pr ed i c t i on s and c a u ses What will probably happen Many testsask what islikely—“almost suretohappen.” Somereading or listening passagessay directly what islikely. Othersonly giveyouclues. You havetoguess— makeaninference—about likely events. 1 Predicting what will happen aud io file 41 Listen to or read the lecture. Check ( /) the event that is most likely to happen. 1. □ Earth’s rivers will become ice. 2. □ The Earth’s temperature will increase faster. 3. □ All Earth’s forests will disappear. Lecturer: I ’m sure you have heard the phrase global warming. Scientists use the phrase for two kinds of warming. The first one is an increase in air temperature. The average air temperature on Earth is almost one degree higher than in 1960. This may sound small, but it’s really very big for such a short time. Its effects are troubling. Glaciers, which are rivers of ice, are disappearing in mountains. A mountain in Africa called K ilimanjaro once had a lot of snow on it. Now almost all the snow is gone. Warmer air also helps diseases spread farther. And there is even worse news. The increase gets faster year by year. The average temperature might rise another four degrees in the next 50 years. The other part of global warming is in the oceans. Sea-water temperatures in most parts of the sea have gone up more than one degree since 1960. This has caused a lot of problems. Much of the ice around the earth’s North Pole melts every summer. Warmer ocean water has helped cause more heavy rainstorms in Europe. Sea animals that a lot of people like, such as penguins, have more trouble finding enough cool water. Lots of fish are dying. Humans cause much of the trouble. Factories and cars put gas into the air. This gas traps heat on Earth. Also, people cut down forests that could help keep the planet cooler. A bigger population means more factories, more cars, and fewer trees. Trees help keep the planet cooler, so the loss of so much forest is a big problem. Understanding causes Tomakeinferencesabout likely happenings, youhavetounderstand causes. What will ormight lead toanevent? Test questionsabout causesand their likely effectsarecommon. 2 Listening for causes aud io file 41 Listen to or read the lecture again. Circle the letter of the cause. 1. The snow on Kilimanjaro is almost gone because a. air temperature has increased. b. sea temperature has increased. 2. Rainstorms in Europe are worse because a. air temperature has increased. b. sea temperature has increased. 3. There are fewer trees because a. population has increased. b. sea temperature has increased. 3 Practice finding causes Read the memo. Match each result with a cause. Write the letter of the cause. 1. Thelab isclosed until Friday. a. A tablefell. 2. Glassand bottlesbroke. b. Anelectrical firestarted. 3 .____ Firealarmswent off. c. Someequipment cannot bereplaced 4. _ Someclassesaremoved to soon. otherlabs. d. Therewasanaccident. ! w _ k j E l To: [All Chemistry Faculty ................. ▲ From: j J erry Rowe, Chair Date: |A pril 12 Subject: |RE: Accident in the chemistry lab The chemistry lab in Room 411 will be closed until Friday. Clean-up from an accident is necessary. The accident caused a lot of damage, but there is no danger to anyone in the chemistry building. The accident occurred on Monday when a water pipe broke. Water on the floor damaged the carpet and some cabinets. A lab table fell down after water weakened its legs. Glass containers and bottles of chemicals then fell and broke. The water also damaged some electrical equipment. The electrical problem caused a small fire in one corner of the lab. No one was in the lab, so there was no danger to anyone. Fire alarms in the lab went off. The city fire department arrived in a few minutes and controlled the fire. The lab will reopen on Friday for basic experiments. However, the damage cannot all be corrected soon. Some classes will be moved to other labs until we can replace equipment. Thank you for your understanding. 4 Check your understanding Read the memo again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. ____ The water on the floor came from a glass container. 2 . ____ The table fell because water damaged its legs. 3. ____ The fire spread through the whole lab. 4 . ____ The fire department put out the fire. 5 Skills in review Look again at at the reading The Burglars’Friend on page 14 of the Workbook. What are the Browns likely to do as a result of this event? Whena test questionasks about what'snext, look forcertainthings. Commentsabout thefutureareoftenat the end of a reading orlistening passage. Also, look orlistenforquestionsabout thefuture, >*, such as, “Sowhat comesnext?” S P O T L I G H T O N Uni t 4 Nu m b e r s and a m ou n t s Amounts: all, many, some, etc. Somestatementsabout amountsareabsolute, such asall, every, and none. They cover100%or0% of something. Otherstatementsarepartial, such as many, some, a few, and not many. Sometest questionsask how much of a thing ismentioned. c/> o 1 Al l or some? Read the discussion from a website. Look at the underlined phrases, how many or how much. The first one has been done as an example. Draw a bar (|) to show 1. All puppies are afraid. 0 ---------------------------- 0% —• — 5 0 % -------------------------- + 1 00% 2. He eats verv little food. 0 % 5 0 % 1 00% 3. Many “working does” are this wav. » ---------------------------- 0 % A — • — 5 0 % _m__ -------------------------- 0 100% 4. Every comment here is helpful. w 0 % w 5 0 % w 100% I H Internet Search § t t H N - j a M Addr ess jht t p: / / www. our pet spet s. com * Go Welcome to ourpetspets.com Name: Bestfriend | Date: Nov 15th, 8:09 PM I got a new puppy last week. He'snamed Woofer. I know all puppiesareafraid whenthey gotoa new home, but WooferisVERY afraid. Helookssad, and hestaysonhissleeping blanket most of theday. Heeatsvery littlefood. I canpick him up, but heshakeswith fear. Name: Dogdoc | Date: Nov 15th, 10:03 PM What kind of dog isWoofer? Sometypesof dogstakea long timegetting used toa new home. Many “working dogs” likecolliesarethisway. They want torunaround outside, but they’reina strange environment—yourhouse! Name: Helpgirl | Date: Nov 16th, 7:32 AM Bestfriend, you’reright. Nopuppy likestobeput ina new home. Wooferisjust being normal. Name: Dogdoc j Date: Nov 15th, 8:15 AM Well, it’snot truethat NO dog likesa new home. I’m a veterinarian, and I’veseenmany dogshappy right away ina new place. A few arehappierina new placethaninanold one. Name: Bestfriend | Date: Nov 15th, 9:45 PM Thanks. Every comment hereishelpful. I need toshow Woofermorelove. Maybehewastreated badly inhisold home. Not many dogsarehappy after anexperiencelikethat. 2 More practice with amounts Read the Web comments again. Mark each underlined phrase as A for absolute or P for partial. 1. ___ He stays on his sleeping blanket most of the day. 2 . ___ No puppy likes to be put in a new home. 3. ___ Not many dogs are happy after an experience like that. Exact and approximate numbers Somepricesareexact, such as“$1.75." Othersareapproximate—close, but not exact, like“about $2.00," or“between$100 and $120.” Sometest questions about detailsask youtochoosea numberfrom a list orwriteoneina blank. 3 How much does it cost? audi o f i l e Listen to or read the conversation. Circle the correct word and number. 1. Tina’s music player cost (exactly / approximately) ($250 / $263.12). 2. The (exact / approximate) cost of most music players is between ($100 and $400 / $250 and $263.12). 3. Most songs online cost (exactly / approximately) (99 cents / $10) each. Tina Look at my new music player. I sn’t it cool? Tina Yeah. Through Tickticksongs dot com. Fred Very nice. That must have cost a lot. Fred How much do they charge? Tina Sort of. I think I paid about two hundred fifty Tina Well, for a really popular song, it’s dollars. J ust a second—here’s the receipt. Two a dollar and twenty-nine cents. hundred sixty-three dollars and twelve cents. Fred That’s a little high. Fred Wow! Is that a normal price? Tina Yeah, but for most songs it’s Tina It depends. I saw prices from about one only ninety-nine cents. hundred to about four hundred. Fred And can you buy a whole CD online? Fred So how many songs does yours hold? Tina Yeah, that costs... I thi nk... Tina I’m not sure. Thousands. maybe about ten dollars. Fred So do you buy them online? 4 Check your understanding audi o f i l e 4S Listen to or read the conversation again. Write T for true or F for false 1 . ___ Tina is talking about a new computer she bought. 2 . ___ Tina’s new player can hold more than 1,000 songs. 3 . ___ Online, some songs cost more than others. 4. ___ A whole CD online costs only 99 cents. Skills in review Look at the article on page 23 of the Workbook. Which of these things do you have? How many of each? How much did each cost? Topreparefortest questions about amounts, practicelistening to orsaying numbers. Whenyouhearone, writeit downif youcan. Practiceusing amount words: “I did ALL my homework,” “MANY of my friendsarehere.” Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 4 9 Uni t 5 I Un d er st a n d i n g p u r p ose A speaker’s or writer’s purpose Why doesa speakerorwriter mentionsomething? Inotherwords, what is thepurpose? Perhapsthepurposeistoshow contrasts, ortoget someone’s attention. Somequestions, especially inlistening tests, ask about thepurpose of a fact oridea. 1 A speaker’s or writer’s purpose audi o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the teacher’s announcement. Circle the letter of the purpose of each phrase. 1. “I think we will all have fun.” a. to give examples b. to make his listeners feel comfortable 2. “... the building of Egypt’s pyramids, the glory of Rome, the American Revolution, the rise of the I nternet.” a. to give examples b. to name possible problems 3. “You must get ready for each test on your own. I will not remind you.” a. to name possible problems b. to make listeners feel comfortable Teacher: Well, everyone, welcome. I am very happy to have you all in my history class. I thi nk we will all have fun. I believe that you learn best if you enjoy learning. The title of our textbook is Great Events in World History. That gives you a good idea of our main goal in class. Our aim is to cover the greatest things that happened all over the world. I magine—the building of Egypt’s pyramids, the glory of Rome, the American Revolution, the rise of the I nternet. We’ll go from about 10,000 bc e to the first years of the 21st century. At our starting point, humans first became farmers. By the end, humans can communicate around the world with computers. We will have homework almost every day. These assignments count for 50 percent of your grade. The other half comes from four tests. Each exam will cover three units from our book. I n the text, you will see a quiz for each unit. Do these questions. They are a great way to prepare for a test. You must get ready for each test on your own. I will not remind you. I will not have review classes. You are responsible for your own learning. Recognizing synonyms Synonyms arewordswith similarmeanings. Forexample, test and examination canbesynonyms. Often, synonymsdon’t meanexactly thesamething. That’s why test questionsabout them may ask fora word that is“closest inmeaning" toanother. 2 Vocabulary: Synonyms audi o f i l e 41 Listen again to the teacher’s announcement. Check ( /) the closest synonym for each word. 1. have fun □ enjoy □ learn 2. goal □ idea □ aim 3. prepare □ get ready □ remind 3 Finding synonyms Read the article. Circle the letter of the best answer. 1. Theword childrenis closest inmeaning to a. kids b. stages c. networks 2. Theword spend is closest inmeaning to a. watch b. pay out c. make 3. Theword blockbusteris closest inmeaning to a. performer b. cartoon c. big hit T V for Tweens Tweens are very valuable to any TV network. The word tween is a short form of between. These children are between 8 and 12 years old. They are also between two different times in their lives. They are not little kids anymore, but they are not yet in the teenage stage either. Tweens watch a lot of TV. The average tween in the U.S. watches 12.2 hours of TV a week. Tweens and their parents also spend a lot. They paid out about $35 million last year on tween-related products. Companies that make sports shoes, snacks, and video games want to reach these viewers. They are willing to spend a lot of money in advertising to this audience. TV networks try to capture tweens’ attention and grab these advertising dollars. I n the U.S., the most successful tween networks are the Disney Channel, Nickelodeon, and ABC Family. Disney has had big hits like Hannah Montana and Jonas. Nickelodeon’s cartoon SpongeBob SquarePants was also a blockbuster. At one time, SpongeBob brought in $200 million per year for Nickelodeon. These networks know how to attract tweens. Pop music and musical performers are winners. Also, in many hit shows, groups of friends solve problems together. 4 Choosing main ideas Read the article again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. ___ The word tween is a short form of cartoon. 2 . ___ The average U.S. tween watches more than 12 hours of TV each week. 3. ___ Companies pay money to TV networks to advertise on tween shows. 4 . ___ Tweens like shows where groups of friends solve problems together. 5 Skills in review Look at Exercise 11on page 29 of the Workbook. Look at the first statement by “A” in each item. What do you think is A’s purpose for saying that to B? / Questionsinreading/ listening testsmay ask youtonotice synonyms. Try looking forthewordsthis orsuch. They might gowith a synonym. For example, difficulty might befollowed by \ this problem orsuch a problem. Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 5 11 S P O T L I G H T O N Uni t 6 Sh o r t sp ea k i n g t a sk s Focusing for short speaking tasks Sometestsask youtospeak for a short time(only 45 or60 seconds) about what youhaveread orheard. Youmust choosethemost important thingstosay from a lot of information. i n o 1 Finding ideas to focus on Read the articles about Dubai. Match each article to the set of words describing its most important points. Write the letter. 1. TheBuildingsof Old Dubai a. expensive, unusual 2. _ Dubai BecomesanInternational City b. few, low, rough 3 .____ Amazing StructuresinModernDubai c. safe, world leader The Buildings of Old Dubai Twenty years ago, Dubai was a sandy seaside town. The port had small shops that sold pearls and fish. Downtown Dubai had markets and only a few office buildings, mostly for oil companies. Most people lived in small, low houses made of rough cement. A few tall apartment buildings rose up at the edge of town. They were alone, however, surrounded by empty space. The desert was only a few miles from downtown. Dubai Becomes an International City I n the 1990s, Dubai grew rapidly. Many of its neighbors suffered from war and unrest. They sent their money to banks in Dubai to keep it safe. Companies in the region began moving to Dubai for the same reason. As it grew richer, Dubai’s leaders boldly decided to make their city a world-class leader. I t soon became the money capital of its region. Now, it is one of the most international cities in the world. More than 80% of the people living there are citizens of other countries. Amazing Structures in Modern Dubai Dubai’s port has been totally rebuilt. Man-made islands create new docks for ships. One island is shaped like a huge palm tree. Huge, shiny towers are all around the new Dubai. Some of the world’s most expensive hotels and largest shopping malls are there. I n one mall, there is an artificial hill covered in snow, so customers can go skiing. Spotlight onTesting Strategies for taking the: 2 Practice speaking Read the articles again. Speak for 45 seconds about Dubai. Use information from all the articles. Use a watch to time yourself. Try to include the important words from your answers to Exercise 1. Antonyms Antonyms arewordswith oppositemeanings. Somearetrue antonyms (e.g., cold/hot). Othersarenear antonyms—different but not exactly opposite (e.g., go/come). Vocabulary questionsontestsoftenask youtoidentify “the opposite” or“thenearest opposite." 3 Recognizing antonyms audi o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the conversation. Circle the nearest antonym for each word. 1. crowded busy empty unknown 2. drier 3. rare browner rainier lower good big common Ted I can’t believe how much Yellowstone Brad Well, maybe it was rainier then. Park has changed. I t’s so crowded! Ted And don’t you think the rivers are lower? Brad Yeah, these roads were almost empty ten years ago. Brad Yeah. I think the Lamar River used to be a lot higher. Ted Some famous places like Old Faithful were always busy. Ted And another weird change is with the big animals, like the bison. Brad Yeah, but most places were unknown and were pretty relaxing. Brad Yeah, their herds are a lot larger. We saw only small herds before. They were rare. Ted I also think the weather has changed or something. Ted Uh-huh. Now they’re common. They’re everywhere. I don’t Brad What do you mean? know if that’s good or bad. Ted I think the whole place looks drier. The grass is brown and everything. Brad I t’s okay with me, as long as they don’t attack us! 4 Check your understanding audi o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the conversation again. Write T for true or F for false, according to Ted and Brad. 1. ___ More people now go to Yellowstone Park. 2 . ___ Old Faithful is a famous place. 3. ___ The rivers have less water in them now. 4 . ___ Bison are harder to find now. 5 Skills in review Look at Exercise 3 on page 32 of the Workbook. Find an antonym or near antonym for each adjective in the exercise. Ina short speaking task ona test, start with a strong first sentence. Stateyourmainidea right away and very directly—nolong introductions. Thiswill help thelistener and may lead tohigherscores. Spotlight onTesting • Unit 6 13 Uni t 7 Pa st a c t i on s Present perfect and past simple Sometest questionsfocusonpast actions. Present perfect verbs(oftenwith for orsince) focusonactionsthat started inthepast and arestill going onnow. Past simpleverbs(oftenwith in, at, oron) areforactionscompleted at onetime inthepast. 1 Time differences with present perfect and past simple aud i o f i l e 41>Listen to or read the lecture. Circle the correct word. 1. The term train wreck has been used for celebrities (for / in) many years. 2. An actress named Marilyn Monroe died (since / in) 1962. 3. Howard Hughes had problems with fame (for / in) the 1970s. 4. (For / Since) long ago, celebrities have tried to escape fame by living in faraway places. Lecturer: The phrase train wreck used to mean a crash involving a train. Since the 1990s, people have used it to refer to a celebrity experiencing a sad situation. A famous person who has fallen apart emotionally. Usually fame is to blame. Fame has brought too much pressure. Singers, movie stars, and sports figures have suffered. The train wreck phrase has not been around long, but the problem has been. A famous actress named Marilyn Monroe seemed happy, but she was deeply troubled by fame. She had a fame-related breakdown in 1962 and died. An extremely rich and famous man named Howard Hughes became mentally ill in the 1970s. Fame has been partially blamed for this. Many modern celebrities have built houses far from other people in order to escape fame. Others have moved to other countries where fewer people know them. The odd thing is that many of these people wanted fame at earlier times in their lives. Many doctors say fame is like a drug. People want it badly. I n the 1990s, a study in one Chinese city showed that 30 percent of the people there dreamed of being famous. Then, after people have gotten a little fame, they want more. For some people, the dream of fame has taken over their lives. Negatives in the present perfect and past simple Innegative present perfect verbs, put not after has orhave. Innegativepast simpleverbs, add did not. Grammarquestionsonsometestsask youtomake verbsnegative. 2 Using negatives in the present perfect and past simple Here are some sentences based on the lecture. Check («/) the correct verb. 1. Since the 1990s, train wreck often (□ has not meant □ did not mean) the crash of a train. 2. Marilyn Monroe (Q has not seemed □ did not seem) troubled in 1962, but she was. 3. For a long time, famous people (□ have not wanted □ did not want) to live near other people. 3 Making negatives Read the newspaper article. Write a negative sentence with the word or phrase in brackets Do not change the meaning of the positive sentences. 1. Positive: Relationships in cartoon movies are simple. Negative: [complicated]_______________________________________________. 2. Positive: As I have changed, my favorite types of movies have also changed. Negative: [stay the same]______________________________________________. 3. Positive: I knew life was dangerous, so I expected danger in movies, too. Negative: [safe]______________________________________________________ . 4. Positive: Now, my favorite movies are about responsible adults, like me. Negative: [children]________________________________________________ Movie Favorites Change 1 I have loved the movies since I was a little kid. I n my earliest years, I liked cartoons like Aladdin and Scooby-Doo. I imagined myself as the hero of each story. Relationships were simple, and endings were always happy. Of course, movie studios have made happy cartoons for almost a century. They have given us cartoon mice, dogs, witches, and ghosts. I n the 1940s, these feel-good movies were just as popular as they are now. My kids love them just as I did. 2 However, throughout my life, my mind has moved on. I was a normal teenager. As I grew, I wanted movies to grow with me. My relationships at high school were complicated by friendship, love, disappointment, and many other feelings. I needed movies with complex relationships, too. My body grew, and I became stronger and faster. I needed movies with action. And I knew life was dangerous, full of forces that could do me harm. I needed scary movies, too. 3 Now, I am an adult. I am the father of a wonderful little girl and boy. I can watch their movies with them and remember my love of cartoons. But after they go to bed, I need movies about different things. The main characters must have a lot of responsibility. They are parents, or presidents, or school principals. They struggle against bad guys in order to save other people, not themselves. 4 5 Choosing main ideas Read the article again. What is the main idea of each paragraph? Number 1-3. a. ___ As children grow up, their tastes in movies generally change as well. b . ___ Though adults can enjoy watching children’s cartoons, they usually want to watch movies that deal with grown-up themes. c. ___ Cartoon movies have been loved by children as long as these movies have been around. Skills in review Look at the reading on page 39 of the Workbook. How well does Steven Spielberg handle fame? Practiceforquestionsabout past simpleorpresent perfect verbs. Keep a journal. At theend of every day, writesomethings youdid at a point intime(e.g., at 2:00). Alsowrite about thingsthat arestill happening asyou write(e.g., I have been awake since...). Spotlight on Testing ■ Unit 7 15 Uni t 8 Ce r t a i n t y and u n c er t a i n t y Sure and unsure statements Certainty means“sureness.” A writer orspeakercanbevery certainabout onething (believing it istrueorsuretohappen) and lesssureabout others. Understanding certainty will help youanswertest questions. 1 Understanding a writer’s or speaker’s certainty Read the e-mail. Mark each statement to show how certain the writer is about it. Write 1 (very sure), 2 (mostly sure), or 3 (mostly unsure). 1 . ___ Orders increased 23% over last year. 2 . ___ The production department can fill the orders with current staff. 3 . ___ The production department will get five new machines. 4 . ___ President Tanner will respond to J enna. To: IJim Barker, Human Resources Manager From: | Jenna Young, Production Manager Date: | April 27 Subject: | Hiring request Dear J im, I ’m happy to say that this has been a very good year for our company. Orders for our products are up 23% over last year. I know we are all happy about this success. However, in some ways it is a challenge. It puts a lot of pressure on our production department. Maybe we can fill all those orders with our current staff, but I don’t thi nk so. We probably need to hire new people. I have asked President Tanner for five more machines for our production line. I am almost sure my request will be approved. We need three people to run each machine. Therefore, we might need at least fifteen new production workers. We could need even more for other production jobs. I f we get these employees, we will need two more supervisors to manage them. We could need even more. I will hear from President Tanner soon about my equipment request, possibly today or tomorrow. I will let you know what happens. Thank you. J enna Expressions of uncertainty A speakeror writer whoisn’t surewill probably usewordsand phrasesof uncertainty. They includecould, don’t think, kind of, maybe, not sure, and possibly. Toanswertest questions, connect each expressiontoanidea orfact. 2 Finding expressions of uncertainty Read the e-mail again. Here are some sentences from it. Circle the expressions of uncertainty. 1. Maybe we can fill all those orders with our current staff, but I don’t think so. 2. We could need even more for other production jobs. 3. I will hear from President Tanner soon about my equipment request, possibly today or tomorrow. 3 Practice with expressions of uncertainty audi o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the conversation. Circle the best word or phrase. 1. Brenda (will not / might / will) work at a restaurant. 2. Alan (will not / might / will) work this summer. 3. Alan is (sure he won’t / not sure he will / sure he will) take a trip to Canada. 4. Does the Parks Department have jobs? Brenda thinks (it doesn’t / it might / it does). Alan What do you plan to do this summer, Brenda? Brenda Yeah. My restaurant job never gives me time off. Brenda I ’m not sure yet. I ’ll probably Alan You sound pretty negative about it. get a job somewhere. Brenda I am, kind of. I like the people, but Alan Where? I ’m not sure I like the work. Brenda Maybe at the restaurant I worked in last summer. How about you? Alan I don’t think I ’d like working in a restaurant. Alan I ’m going to work, too, at my dad’s office. But I’d like to go on a hiking trip in Canada. Brenda I guess I could try to get another job. Maybe something outdoors, in the Brenda That sounds great. Can you fresh air. really get the time to do it? Alan You know, maybe the city Parks Alan Possibly. I don’t know. I have to Department is hiring summer help. see my work schedule first. Brenda Hey, that’s a good idea. I might go to their website and see. 4 Check your understanding audi o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the conversation again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. 2. 3. Last summer, Brenda worked at a restaurant. Alan’s dad has an office in Canada. Brenda does not like anything about the restaurant job. 4. Brenda is not interested in a job with the Parks Department. 5 Skills in review Look at your answers to Exercise 6 on page 43 of the Workbook. How sure are you about the advice you gave in Exercise 6? Do you want to change any of your “should” verbs to “have to” (as in Exercise 8)? Testsoftenask questions about certainty-somethingsare sureand othersaren’t. Youhaveto understand thedifference. Assumethat thespeakerissureunlessyouhear anexpressionof uncertainty. Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 8 17 Uni t 9 | M a k i n g p r ed i c t i on s Predicting what will happen in certain conditions Certain conditions oftenlead tocertain results. A reading orlistening passage describestheconditions. Youshould understand what resultswill ormight happen. Sometestsask youtoguessabout resultsif they arenot stated directly. 1 Guessing what will or might happen audi o f i l e Listen to or read the TV program script. Match each condition to a result. Write the correct letter. Condition Result 1. Temperaturesrisepast 100 degrees. a. They formed different shapesof 2. Strong windsblow acrossthedesert. rocks. b. It’sa great placefor peopletobuy 3 .____ Sometrailsgothrough flat country. bikes. 4. _ Thestreetsof Moab arelined with c. Youneed totravel with water. bikeshops. d. Thesearebetter for new bikers. Announcer: Hello. I ’m Dan Turner, and this is Travel Time. Today on our show, we will go to the state of Utah, in the western United States. Let’s visit the town of Moab—the mountain-biking capital of America. Moab is near Arches National Park. Most land around Moab is rocky desert. Little rain falls, there are almost no trees, and summer temperatures rise past 100 degrees. I f you travel here without water, you could be in big trouble. Why does anyone want to come here? The answer—for the rocks! The rocks in Arches Park are fabulous. They come in all shapes and sizes. Many are like big arched doorways with holes carved into the sandy rock. I n other places, huge round rocks stand on top of pencil- thin supports. I f you push it, will it fall down? Don’t try! The rocks of the park were formed by many things. At one time, rivers flowed here. Also, in winter, rock-breaking ice can form. Most importantly, strong winds often blow across the desert. I f you come here on a bicycle, you can see these rocks at their best. Bike trails run throughout the park. Some trails go sharply up mountainsides. Try these only if you are a very good biker. Others travel through flatter country. Everywhere, bike riders get fantastic views through the arches, across the desert, and toward faraway snowy mountains. The town of Moab welcomes bikers. The streets of the town are lined with bike shops for all kinds of visitors, from new bikers to professionals. Great restaurants in Moab offer cold drinks and a good meal after a long day in the park. Simplifying sentences A long sentenceprobably hasphrasesthat arenot important tothemainidea. Youcanunderstand it betterif youcansimplify the sentence. Test questionsask youtolook past theextra information. Focusonthemainidea. 2 Simplifying long sentences Check ( /) the main idea of each long sentence. 1. Littlerainfalls, therearealmost notrees, and summertemperaturesrisepast onehundred degrees. □ Summersinthearea arehot. □ Conditionsinthearea aretough. 2. Thestreetsof thetownarelined with bike shopsfor all kindsof visitors, from new bikers toprofessionals. □ Bicyclistscanfind what they need inthetown. □ Many kindsof bicyclistscometotown. 3 Finding good simplifications Read the article. Complete the simplified form of each numbered sentence in the article. Sentence 1: A ___________________________________is the most effective kind of PFD. Sentence 2: Some boaters don’t __________________ Sentence 3: You can be in danger even if 4 Check your understanding Read the safety brochure again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. ___ This brochure is mainly about being safe on lakes. 2 . ___ “PFD” means “proper flotation device.” 3. ___ The brochure says that operating a boat is like driving a car. 4 . ___ Bad weather includes lightning and strong winds. 5 Skills in review Look at the reading on page 51 of the Workbook. Choose three long sentences from the reading. Write a simplified form of each one. Water Safety for Boaters Before you set out for a day on the lake, make sure you are a safe boater. Many people are not. The sad fact is that 235 people in our state died last year in boating accidents. The most important thing is to wear a personal flotation device (PFD), a simple way to avoid a big problem. The best PFDs are vests. After putting your arms through, you simply buckle the vest over your chest. You can’t get a suntan through a PFD vest, but what is more important, a tan or your life? (1) PFDs in shapes other than a vest, such as belts, pillows, or boxes, are much less effective. The second rule of boating safety is equally simple: Watch where you are going! You would be surprised by the number of boating accidents caused by boaters who run into things they never saw. (2) The boater might be talking, or eating a sandwich, or just daydreaming—anything except looking ahead. Remember, boating is just like driving. Finally, leave the lake as soon as possible when bad weather approaches. L ightning and wind from thunderstorms can be deadly. (3) You can be in danger even if you see no lightning and the wind is calm as you float peacefully on smooth waters. Summer storms can grow quickly, and any dark cloud is a danger sign. I f you follow these three safety rules, you can keep your summer boating safe and enjoyable. Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 9 1 For a simplification question, find the main clause of the long sentence. The most important information is probably there. In If you have questions, ask your teacher, the main clause is ask your teacher It is the most important part. Uni t 10 Cl a ssi f i c a t i on Organizing content through classification Sorting informationintogroupsiscalled classification. Many reading and listening passagesontestsareorganized thisway. Tounderstand the informationand answerquestionsabout it, youhavetorecognizethegroups and know which detailsgointoeach. 1 Organizing content through classification Read the article. Write a paragraph number (2, 3, or 4) next to each classification group. a. ___ Machines with blades that spin around b . ___ Machines with wings that flap like bird wings c. ___ Backpacks with rocket engines Flying Machines that Never Flew 1 Today’s airplanes, helicopters, hot-air balloons are members of a small group—flying machines that really work. But the group offailed flying machines is a lot larger. Three types of flyer make up this unfortunate group. 2 One type is supposed to use wings that flap, like the wings of a bird or bat in flight. L eonardo da Vinci, the famous I talian painter and inventor, designed several of these machines about 500 years ago. No one knows whether da Vinci ever built any of them, but we know they probably can’t work. Modern engineers have built machines from da Vinci’s drawings. None of them has flown. Neither did other “flap-wing” aircraft that people built in the early 1900s. 3 “Failed helicopters” make up another group. Like the helicopters of today, these machines had blades on top that spun around. Many inventors made small models of helicopters that flew. I n 1907, a helicopter with a pilot inside stayed in the air for 20 seconds. But no truly successful helicopter was built until Igor Sikorsky’s in 1937. 4 “J et packs” are the last type of failed flyer. People have long dreamed of putting on a backpack with rocket engines and flying around. German scientists in the 1930s had a design for soldiers to use, but it never worked. I n the 1970s, fliers with jet packs were popular at air shows. Many of these people got badly hurt because they could fly, but they couldn’t easily land. The dream of jet packs has never come true. Understanding details in classification Recognizing groupsisnot enough. Youshould alsounderstand how detailsfit together intogroups. Sometest questionsmay ask youtocompletea list or chart that putsdetailsintogroups. 2 Understanding details in classification Find these details in the article. Check ( / ) the group each detail belongs to. 1. Engineers have.built from da Vinci’s drawings □ jet packs □ flap-wing flyers 2. No successful design until 1937 □ flap-wing flyers □ helicopters 3. Cannot easily land □ helicopters □ jet packs 20 Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 10 Strategies for taking the: CEIIHEEI 3 Practice with classification aud i o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the conversation. The chart classifies details into three groups. List the details in each group. Group 1-Projects Group 2-Assignments Group 3-Participation -> -> Brad Professor J ohnson, I’m in your literature class. Can I ask a question about our grades? Prof. Johnson Sure... uh... I’m sorry. What’s your name? Brad I’m Brad Sanders. I ’m not sure about the different parts of this course. Prof. Johnson Well, the most important category is projects. That’s worth 50 percent of your grade. Brad What kinds of projects? Prof. Johnson That category includes a group report, a journal, and a poster. Brad OK. I understand. That’s half of our grade. Prof. Johnson And the next type are assignments. That’s 25 percent. These include exercises from the book and other things I think you need to practice. I don’t know how many assignments you’ll have. 4 Check your understanding audi o f i l e Listen to or read the conversation again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. ___ Prof. J ohnson teaches literature. 2 . ___ Brad is not sure whether to take her class. 3. ___ Grades in the class are based on four categories 4 . ___ Most of the grade comes from projects. 5 Skills in review Look at Exercise 6 on page 56 of the Workbook. It contains shop signs (e.g., about jewelry) and warning signs (“no dogs...”). As you go through the day, find other signs in these categories. Keep a list. Brad Thanks. Will we have assignments for every day? Prof. Johnson 1don’t know. Probably not EVERY day. Brad Good! Prof. Johnson And the last category is participation, also 25 percent. Brad You mean, like, answering questions in class? Prof. Johnson Yes, but other things, too. Do you work well with others in groups? Do you ask questions when you don’t understand? Overall, this is all about being an active learner. Brad So, 50, 25, 25. Okay. That’s the whole grade. Got it. Thanks. Toanswerquestionsabout categories, listenforsignalslikekind, type, category, the first group, another type, etc. If thetest allowsnote-taking, divideyour notepaperintocolumns-oneforeach group. Writedetailsinthecorrect column. Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 10 21 Uni t 11 Relating listening and reading Shared sub-topics Sometestsask youtorelatea listening passagetoa reading. Your first step is tounderstand which sub-topicsthey share. A sub-topic isa set of ideasthat is smallerthanthemaintopic of thereading orlistening. 1 Finding shared topics audi o f i l e téì Listen to or read the lecture. Then read the article. Check ( /) the sub-topics that appear in both. 3. □ A collision that led to death of the dinosaurs 1. □ Asteroids hitting Earth in 2002 and 2008 2. □ Space rocks harmlessly burning up 4. □ A possible collision in 2028 Lecture: Asteroids Space rocks, called asteroids, are heading toward Earth. But don’t be scared—this is normal. Every day, hundreds of small rocks enter our atmosphere and burn up. They are called meteors after they enter our atmosphere. A few of them are bright enough for people to see as they harmlessly burn out. Of course, there are larger asteroids in space as well. Some asteroids could cause a lot of damage if they hit Earth. However, that almost never happens. Also, scientists have not yet found any asteroids that seem ready to hit us. One is scheduled to come very close in 2028—about 30,000 miles from us—but it probably won’t hit. Asteroid Strikes Possible I n 2002, an asteroid entered our atmosphere and exploded over the sea near Greece. A nother was seen falling toward East Africa in 2008, but no explosion was reported. Hundreds of tiny space rocks enter our atmosphere every day and cause no damage. However, small asteroid strikes are quite common. Bigger ones sometimes happen, too. Most scientists agree that an asteroid struck near Mexico millions of years ago. Its effects probably killed off most of the dinosaurs. More recently, a big asteroid exploded over Siberia (northeastern Russia) in 1908. This “Tunguska event” destroyed vast areas of forest. Scientists are now watching an asteroid named 1997XF11, which has a good chance of hitting Earth in October 2028. But people should not be too worried. Space technology will probably be good enough to push the asteroid away. Agreement and disagreement A reading and a listening passagemay agreeordisagreeabout a sub-topic. Understand theserelationships. Test questionsmay ask youabout them. Questionsmay ask youtoexplainhow they agree/ disagree. 2 Identifying agreement and disagreement aud i o f i l e Listen to or read the lecture again. Then read the article about asteroids again. Next to each idea, write A if the listening and reading agree. Write D if they disagree. 1. 2. 3. Asteroid collisions with Earth are common. Asteroids that strike Earth can cause great damage. A 2028 asteroid is likely to hit Earth unless pushed away. 22 Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 11 Strategies for taking the: C E O S B E S t ; C E H 3 Z 5 } 3 Analyzing agreement and disagreement audi o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the lecture. Then read the article. Write L (lecture), A (article), or B (both) on the line provided to show where the information can be found. 1. ___ Sasquatch really exists. 3.____ Sasquatch looks like a large human. 2 . ___ Most sasquatch sightings are in the 4. ____ Sasquatch populations could not survive northwestern U.S. in the places where they have been seen. Lecture: Sasquatch L et’s be clear about one thing: There is no such animal as sasquatch, or bigfoot, or the yeti. These names are all used to describe an animal that looks like a 10-foot-tall, hairy person. He or it has been reported around the world, from I ndonesia to Scotland to America. Most of the sightings have been in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States, which is why the American I ndian word sasquatch is often used. Nearly all scientists believe sasquatch could not exist. Most sasquatch sightings are in cold and rocky places, without enough food for really big animals. Almost every sasquatch sighting has been proved to be a trick or hoax. For example, a film from 1967 supposedly showed a sasquatch walking. Decades later, a man admitted dressing up in a hairy suit so his friends could make the film. Human or not? Mysterious creatures live in wild places all around the world, from Asia to Europe to North America. They go by many names, such as bigfoot, sasquatch, and yeti. Many believable reports show that they really do exist. For example, a film made by some hikers in 1967 gives solid proof. The big question is, is sasquatch a human, or a wild animal? His appearance is very human. He walks on two feet, and his arms, legs, and torso look human. The northwestern United States is the world center for sasquatch sightings. This area has pleasant weather, and the forests contain plenty of food. The area is so wild that a large population of sasquatch could easily stay out of sight. 4 Check your understanding aud i o f i l e 41 Read or listen to the sasquatch lecture again. Then read the article again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. 2. 3. 4. Other names for sasquatch are bigfoot and yeti. Sasquatch has often been seen in cities and towns. The lecture says most people claiming to see sasquatch are lying. The article says sasquatch cannot find enough food in the northwest forests. If a test questiongives youtwosources, comparethem First, find theshared topics. Look for repeated wordsorsynonyms. Then, for each shared topic, find whetherthe sourcesagreeordisagree. 5 Skills in review Look at Exercise 8 (about worries) on page 61 of the Workbook. Are you worried about asteroids or sasquatch? Explain. Spotlight onTesting ■Unit 11 T. Uni t 12 Pr on ou n s Pronouns and what they refer to A pronoun {he, they, etc.) referstoa noun. InthesentenceI had a car but I sold it, thepronounit referstocar. Many testsask youtoidentify thenounthat a pronounrefersto. 1 Identifying what pronouns refer to a u d i o f i l e 41 Listen to or read the conversation. Circle the word or phrase that each pronoun refers to. 1. Line 4—it 2. Line 8—they 3. Line 11—they money management financial advisor business dad office people houses friends business Line 14—them high places high ladders dangerous work 1) Valerie So, your dad owns a business? 9) 2) Mark Yeah. He’s a financial advisor. He helps people manage their money. 10) 3) Valerie That’s interesting. Do you want to be a financial advisor, too? ID 4) Mark I don’t know. Money management is OK, and I ’m good at it, I think. 12) 5) Valerie Y our dad probably wants you to take over the business. 13) 6) Mark Yeah, I think that’s true. 7) Valerie You don’t sound very excited about working for your dad. 14) 8) Mark I like his office and the people there. They are a lot of fun. But this summer I’d like to try something different. What are your choices? Actually, some friends have talked about setting up a business painting houses. They want you to be part of that? Are you sure you want to? Don’t sound so negative. I t’s a great opportunity. But setting up a business costs money. You’re up on high ladders and... it sounds dangerous. High places don’t scare me. I n fact, I kind of like them. Pronouns referring to whole ideas Somepronouns—especially this, that, and it—canrefertoa wholeidea. The idea isusually found inoneormorephrasesorsentencesbeforethepronoun. Test questionsmay ask youtounderstand and identify theseideas. 2 Matching pronouns with whole ideas aud io file 41 Listen to or read the conversation again. Match an idea with an underlined pronoun. Write the letter. 1.___ Yeah, 1 think that’strue. (Line6) a. painting houses 2. They want youtobepart of that? b. setting up a business (Line11) c. that hisdad wantshim totakeover 3. ... it soundsdangerous. (Line13) 3 Practice with pronouns and whole ideas Read the article. Check ( /) the best answer to each question. 1. What did some Detroiters see as an opportunity? □ that a lot of empty spaces appeared □ that the city lost many jobs 2. What has helped bring life and color back to neighborhoods? □ the gardens and the animals □ broken windows and burned houses 3. What has brought people out of their houses? □ city officials □ safer neighborhoods Making the Best of It The city of Detroit is in bad shape. Once, car- making companies gave jobs to thousands of Detroiters. Now, a lot of the jobs are gone. This has caused many people to move away, leaving empty houses behind. The city tore hundreds of them down because they were dangerous. I n many neighborhoods, that has left a lot of empty spaces where houses used to be. Some thoughtful Detroiters saw this as an opportunity. They dreamed of using the empty lots to grow food—farms in the city. They set up a community organization, called Urban Farming, to help make this a reality. I nstead of weeds and rocks, empty spaces are now filled with gardens. Vegetables like tomatoes, corn, and lettuce are everywhere. Beds of flowers grow where broken windows and burned houses used to be. Birds, bees, and butterflies visit the gardens. This all helps bring life and color to neighborhoods that once looked dead. City officials welcome the change. Crime has decreased. Dangerous neighborhoods are now safe. This has brought people out of their houses and back into contact with their neighbors. I n some places, new people are moving into the city. For Detroit, getting more people in is a very nice change. 4 Check your understanding Read the article again. Write T for true or F for false. 1. ___ Car companies now have more jobs for Detroiters. 2 . ___ There are empty spaces because criminals 3. ___ The group Urban Farming helps set up gardens in the city. 4 . ___ Gardens have helped bring new people into Detroit. 5 Skills in review Look at exercise on page 64 of the Workbook. Write a similar e-mail about visiting the gardens of Detroit. Use pronouns correctly tore houses down. Sometest questionsask for thebest pronountofill a blank. Choose correctly betweensingularpronouns(it, this, etc.) and plural pronouns(they, these, etc.). Rememberthat somepronouns-/ ?e, she, etc.-refer only topeople, not things. An swer Key Unit 1 (pp. 2-3) 1 Finding a topic Check 2 2 Finding main ideas Group A 3 Choosing topics Check 2 4 Check your understanding a. 4; b. 3; c. 5; d. 2 5 Skills in review Answers will vary. Unit 2 (pp. 4-5) 1 Describing lifestyles with the present simple 1. b; 2. d; 3. c; 4. a 2 Recognizing present simple verbs 1. put; 2. put; 3. falls, learn, love 3 Helping a conversation continue Oh, really; Uh-huh; Yeah; Really; Right; I ’m sure 4 Check your understanding 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T 5 Skills in review Answers will vary. Unit 3 (pp. 6-7) 1 Predicting what will happen Check 2 2 Listening for causes 1. a; 2. b; 3. a 3 Practice finding causes 1. d; 2. a; 3. b; 4. c 4 Check your understanding 1. F; 2. T; 3. F; 4. T 5 Skills in review Answers will vary. Unit 4 (pp. 8-9) 1 All or some? 1. line at 100%; 2. line near 20%; 3. line near 70%; 4. line at 100% 2 More practice with amounts l .P;2. A; 3. P 3 How much does it cost? 1. exactly $263.12; 2. approximate $100 and $400; 3. exactly 99 cents 4 Check your understanding 1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. F 5 Skills in review Answers will vary. Unit 5 (pp. 10-11) 1 A speaker’s or writer’s purpose 1. b; 2. a; 3. a 2 Vocabulary: Synonyms 1. enjoy; 2. aim; 3. get ready 3 Finding synonyms 1. a; 2. b; 3. c 4 Choosing main ideas 1. F; 2. T; 3. T; 4. T 5 Skills in review Answers will vary. Unit 6 (pp. 12-13) 1 Finding ideas to focus on 1. b; 2. c; 3. a 2 Practice speaking Answers will vary. 3 Recognizing antonyms 1. empty; 2. rainier; 3. common 4 Check your understanding 1. T; 2. T; 3. T; 4. 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