- Aabhiman - Arrogance, considered the major obstacle in ones learning process. abhinandan tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.abhiram tal - An obscure tal of 24 beats. abhog - A quaternary theme found in dhrupad and other older vocal forms. achala swar - A note which is immutably fixed (i.e., Sa and Pa). ada pech tal - An obscure tal of nine beats. adachartal - See adachautal. adachautal - A common 14 beat tal. addha tal - A tal of 16 beats. adi lay - In a four unit time, one plays six units per beat. (i.e., 3/4 time, 1 1/2 time, or tisra jati). adi tal - A south Indian tal of eight beats, similar to both tintal and kaherava. ajay tal - An unusual tal of 6 3/4 beats. Ajrada - A village near Meerat. ajrada baj - A style of playing originating from Ajrada. akal - (Lit. "without time") a lucknowi gat which ends before the sam. aksharkal - (Lit. "unit of time required to utter one short letter of the alphabet".) In ancient times this implied a fundamental unit of measuring rhythm. (4 aksharkal = 1 matra) alap - A slow rhythmless elaboration upon the rag used by vocalists and instrumentalists. Amir Khusru - Musician during time of Ala-u-Din Khilji. anagat (grah) - 1) The process of ending a composition before the sam. 2) An archaic term which means to start the composition before the sam (das pran). anagat tihai - A tihai which ends before the sam. andolan - (Lit. "swinging"). An ornament of song or melodic instrument which may be described as a slow shake. ang - (lit. limb, or section) A measure, or vibhag. angushtana -A style of tukada or rela which concentrates on the fingers. anima tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats. ank tal - A rare tal of nine matras. antarakrida tal - An obscure tal of seven matras. antara - A secondary theme in vocal styles. anudrut - 1) Ultra-high speed (see ati-drut). 2) An archaic unit of time equal to two chaturbhag. anuvadi - A note of the rag which is neither emphasized or deemphasized. apsara - A celestial nymph. ara chartal - See adachautal. ara choutal - See adachautal. ardhya tal - An obscure tal of 27 beats. arjun tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal of 20 beats. aroh - 1) The ascending structure of the rag. 2) The first half of a lom-vilom gat. arohana - Ascending structure of rag. arti - A type of worship which is performed by waving a burning lamp in a circular fashion around the idol. arya tal - An obscure tal of 16 beats. aryun tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal of 24 beats. ashadi jog - Guru purnima. ashtamangal tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal variously described as being 11 or 22 beats. ashvini tal - An unusual tal of 11 1/2 beats. ata - Whole wheat flour which is use as a temporary application to the left side of the pakhawaj. at tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal variously described as being of 10, 12, 14, 18, 22, and 24 beats. ath - See at tal. ati drut - Ultra-fast tempo. ati vilambit - Ultra slow tempo. atit (grah) - The process of ending a composition after the sam. atit tihai - A tihai which ends after the sam. audhav jati - A rag composed of five notes. avanaddh - A membranous percussive instrument (e.g., tabla, dholak, mridang, etc.) avap - (Archaic) A style of timekeeping that does not make sound (marg nishabd kriya). avaroh - 1) The descending structure of a rag. 2) The second half of a lom-vilom gat. avarohana - Descending structure of rag. avartan - A cycle of the tal. avrutti - See avartan. azan -The Islamic call to prayer. Back to Top - Bbaaj - See baj. baaz - See baj. badhi - The tasma. bada - (Lit. "large"). The slow section of a kheyal. badi savari tal - An obscure tal of 16 beats. baj - A style of playing (i.e., dilli baj, ajrada baj, etc.). bal - A palta or permutation of rela or kaida. banarasi baj - A style of playing originating in Benares, often considered synonymous to purbi baj. band - (Lit. "closed".) Non-resonant strokes such as Te, Ka, Kat, Tak, etc. bandish - A composition or fixed musical piece. bansi - Corruption of bansuri. bansuri - A bamboo flute. bant - Another name for kaida. banti - Another name for kaida. barabar lay - 1) Thah or single time. 2)Playing in chaturstra jati (i.e., 1/2 time, single time, double time, etc.). basant tal - An obscure tal of nine or 18 beats. basant shikhir tal - An obscure tal of 26 beats. bastani - In the old days this was a sling in which tabla was placed. In this manner the tabla could be played while walking or standing. bayan - The large metal left hand drum. bedum tihai - A tihai in which the three sections are not separated by a pause. Benares - A city in North India. A gharana from that city. Bengal - A state in northeastern India. bhdaua daadra tal - An obscure tal of six beats. bhagavan tal - An obscure tal of 17 beats. bhagn tal - An obscure tal of 23 beats. bhai - Brother. See guru bhai. bhairav tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal of 22 beats. bhajan - A Hindu religious song. bhakti - Devotion to god. bhanumati tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal of 11 beats. bharan - A filler. Something of little theoretical importance used to fill up a certain number of beats. bharatnatyam - A classical dance form of South India. chand . or seven times. 13/4 times. .An obscure tal of nine beats. bhari .A theme and variation based upon unusual syncopations. chang tal .An obscure tal of 22 beats.An obscure eight beat tal.An obscure eight beat tal. bol . "brotherhood") The relationship that exists between musicians of the same gharana.An obscure tal of 15 beats.The supreme creator (God). biradari . bhrang tal . Carnatic sangeet . chandramani tal . brahmayog tal .A type of gat or paran revolving around a particular bol played four times. chandrachartal .A simple instrument made from beads and coconut which is used in film and folk music.See chapaknewala. bhrangi tal .See dipchandi. bin .See adachautal. bol paran .Playing in misra jati (i.See Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande. "full") 1) Clapped.An obscure tal either of 14 or 28 beats.e. chapaknewala .An obscure tal of 15 or 18 beats.See chalan.1) A vina.The theoretical and notational system of Bhatkhande. chanti . chachar tal .An opening phrase for tabla solos used in the purbi styles.An ancient musical text written by Matang. champak tal .See chandrachautal.An obscure tal of 13 beats.See chat.An obscure tal of 18 beats. brahma tal . There is not a broadly accepted definition.bhargavi tal . chandra tal .. see tali. chala .An obscure tal of 11 beats. 31/2 times.(Lit. brihaddeshi . chakra tal . charbag . chandrakrida tal . chalan .See chat.An obscure tal variously described as five or 30 beats.(Lit.A type of Dha characterized by a strong "Tak" sound.The south Indian system of music. caugun . capaknewala .) See also paune duggan.Ccabas . calan . Brahma .An unusual tal of 9 1/4 beats.See chalan.See chaugun.An obscure tal of 16 beats. cakkardar . chandrachautal .The mnemonic syllabi of tabla. bhatkhande paddhati . chant .A type of composition whose syllabi are actually words.See dipchandi. 2) (Incorrectly) A snake charmers instrument. bhumika . bilahairi tal . 2) A section which is characterized by open strokes. Back to Top .A tihai in which each phrase is a tihai in itself.Some consider this to be similar to peshkar while some consider it to be similar to laggi or ladi.See chakradar.An obscure tal of 15 beats. chakradar . biadi lay . chanchar . specifically Rudra vina. chapaka tal . Bhatkhande . chandrakala tal . 40 days of reclusion and austerities. choti savari tal . beats.Notational elements.Royal court. chatrustal . dadra .An obscure tal of 15 beats.The small wooden right hand drum.. . 2) A composition revolving around a quadruple repetition of a single bol (e. (i. "Breath").The cushioned rings which support the tabla. chaturbhag .An old 12 beat pakhawaj tal.An obscure tal of 21 beats.Considered by most to be synonymous to pancham savari.An obscure tal considered by some to be 17 beats and 32 beats by others. das syandan tal .(Archaic. darbar .) chauhai . etc. Lit.The outer section of the tabla skin. .A tihai in which each section is separated by a pause.The large metal left hand drum. chitra tal . damaru . damodar tal . dagga . dayan . Back to Top . .An obscure tal of 10 beats.Any rhythm composed of 2.Dda . chilla . chart .(Lit.A fast vocal style. chota kheyal . das pran .An obscure tal of 12 beats.A small hour-glass shaped drum traditionally ascribed to Shiva. darbari kanada . A pause.A rare tal of 11 beats.1) The same as tipalli except with four sections. So called because its graphic representation resembles a damaru.A common six beat tal used in light and semiclassical music.An ancient form where the tempo begins very fast.A semiclassical style of singing dadra tal . chat tal . specifically the two pauses which separate the three sections of a tihai. chaugun .(Lit. "six-times") Six strokes per beat.. .). chela .See chilla. damaru yati . dam .chartal .g. decreases to slow. chougun .A tabla bol. quadruple time.An obscure tal variously described as two or 15 beats. damdar tihai . .see chaugun. chati .The drone strings on the sides of sitar. chatur tal . da . .A tabla bol of pakhawaj origin.See chat. cilla . "ten breaths") The ten characteristics of tal. or student. chartal ki sawari .An obscure tal of 10 beats. chikari .A layakari of 4:1.See chat chat . 32. chinh .e. 8.A disciple. chudamani tal . sarod and a few other instruments. chegun . dakshaman tal .Similar to tihai except there is a repetition of the phrase four times instead of three.See chautal. then increased towards the end. 4. chutta . chaupalli . chaturput tal . chaturstra jati ..An archaic unit of time equal to two kalas.An obscure tal of nine beats. .An obscure tal of nine beats.A common evening rag. chautal . 16. An uncommon bol. 14. dval .A variation of kaherava tal.The tasma of the tabla. deshi . drut . dohatthu . double time).A fundamental bol of both tabla and pakhawaj. devaguna tal . dhi or . dobahar tal . . durbal .A classical style of music. dhammar punjabi tal . land.An old style of singing.A small folk drum popular in Maharashtra. characterized by extensive use of the middle finger and strokes on the rim of the tabla.An obscure tal of 23 beats.A bol of tabla and pakhawaj. etc. dholki . dhin . dupalli . This was specifically used in the deshi sangeet.An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands. generally considered to be low caste.An obscure tal of 17 beats.A fundamental bol.A crude folk drum characterized by a cylindrical wooden shell covered with skin on both sides.A large tambourine used in folk music. dha .An obscure tal of 14 beats.A layakari of 2:1 (i. deshi sashabd kriya . 21.See dagga. performed so that sound was produced (i.A fundamental bol. snapping of fingers.A low-caste community of musicians.A note of the rag which is weak or subdued. This was specifically used in the deshi sangeet.A rag that is supposed to produce fire when sung correctly.e.An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands.Playing 3 strokes over two beats (i. dhadhi .Pertaining to the world.). performed so that sound was not produced. dipak . clapping of hands. 2) An archaic unit of time equal to two anudrut.1) A light style of instrumental solo.An obscure tal of 13 beats. dotar .An obscure tal of 12 beats. deshi tal ..A paste applied to inner surface of left hand drum skin on many folk drums. dom .The sixth note of the scale (Dha). dhammar tal . din .A Muslim community of hereditary musicians. generally associated with the spring season. dilruba . 2) An instrument similar to rabab played in Bengal.The style of playing tabla.. dhammari tal . duff .e. dhruva tal .A tabla bol of pakhawaj origin.See Dilli.1) Fast tempo. dilli baj . devagandhar tal . once popular but today rare. dholak masala .An obscure tal of 11 1/2 beats.dedh . people. or 29 beats. dipchandi tal . dhaivat .e. dhruva .A bowed instrument with frets like a sitar. di or . dugga . or. similar to dhrupad. originally from Delhi. Dilli .A 14 matra pakhawaj tal. 2) A musical religious chant.1) A simple two-stringed instrument played in folk music. opposite of marg tal. 1 1/2 times) Delhi .. dholak .A common 14 beat tal. dhun . dhamar tal . 23. dha . dhammar . the present capitol of India. dhumali tal .(Archaic) A type of timekeeping in marg sashabd kriya characterized by the snapping of fingers.See dhammar tal.An obscure tal variously considered 11. dhrupad .Delhi. country.A composition where both hands are played on the same drum.A type of gat where a phrase repeats twice. deshi nishabd kriya . dugun .A tal which is of the ordinary material world. devadhwani tal . gandharva desh . filmi . and even 9 beats. gandharva veda .(Lit. It may be applied to virtually any paran. 4. lom-vilom or top compositions. gandhara .) A type of gat characterized by sudden changes in the overall speed.A common tal of 12 beats. esraj .A purbi composition characterized by an absence of khali/bhari structure.e..An old and obscure tal of seven or 14 beats. 2) The gharana from this town.Ggab . ektal .Back to Top .Encore. ekhatthu .(Lit. it will more commonly be applied to ekhatthu (ekhatthi). ektar . ektali .A composition which can be played with a single hand.Ffard . farmaish .A layakari of 1:1 (i.A rare tal variously described as 17 or 18 beats. farodast tal . however. fuljhadi . a small string of flowers in a women's hair. however. single time) ekhatthi . Back to Top .Any paran which is used for a farmaish (encore).1) Pertaining to the film or movie industry.See ekhatthu. Farukhabad . gajara . non-standard versions may be found for 3.The third note of the scale (Ga). gajarisch tal .A bowed instrument related to the sarangi.Instrumental solo. ekgun .The syahi.Eekaki vadan . gandharva . farmaishi paran . Back to Top .1) A town in northern Indian.The ceremonial tying of thread around a new disciple's wrist signifying the beginning of ones discipleship.) The braid of the pudi. . a "fountain".A simple one-stringed folk instrument.The demigods who. according to mythology. 5. A special request from the audience. gajajhampa tal . 7. This term really means nothing.Abode of the celestial beings. 2) A style of popular music.The science of music. ganda bandhan .An obscure tal of 15 beats. gajalila tal .An obscure tal of 20 beats.See iktali. a type of fireworks. were the original possessors of the celestial art of classical music. etc.see gazal.An obscure tal of five beats.A tihai commonly found in kathak.A state in northwest India. hanuman tal .An obscure tal of 20 beats. gi or . 2) An archaic unit of time equal to two laghu. ghan . ge .e. guru bhai . ganesh tal . girali . bells.The wooden dowels in the lacing.A large earthenware vessel which is played in south Indian performances.1) A compositional type common in the purbi style of playing. today a style of song. ghatam . grahagrah tal .Hhamsalol tal .Times (i. "a cow's tail") An ancient variety of rhythmic variation. ghazal .A bol for the left hand.A song. atit. grah . ghat tal . ekgun=single time. There are four types: sam. gittak . gun . gat .A basic bol of the left hand.The lineage of teacher to disciple. gotuvadhyam .The elephant headed God who removes obstacles. ghin ..1) A teacher. based upon so many small iterations that numbers are used instead of bols. git .An obscure tal of either 18.An instrument similar to a Saraswati vina except that it has no frets. 2) (modern) The method of handling sam. gat kaida .A gat which is performed to a strict kaida format. gin . ghe .(Lit. dugun=double time.See geet. "house") A particular subtradition or "school" gharanedar . It is played with a slide like a Hawaiian guitar.A collection of very small bells worn around the feet of a dancer. ghungharu .A style of poetic recitation.A bol for the left hand.An obscure tal of 22 beats.An obscure tal of eight beats. guru purnima .See gatta. ghi or . gha . It begins fast and gradually decreases tempo. and anagat. manjira.) gharana . etc. gudri . visham.A bol for the left hand. gatta .A fellow disciple under the teacher. 20 or 21 beats.A bol for the left hand. grah tal . garugi panchak tal . jal tarang.Ganesh . guru-shishya-parampara . ginti tihai .See chutta.1) (ancient) The starting point of the composition.A non-membranous percussion instrument (e. geet .A day set aside to honor the guru. Gujarat .g. gopuchcha yati . Back to Top .The kundal. tigun=triple time.An obscure tal of 15 beats.A bol for the left hand.(Lit. formerly played on pakhawaj.An obscure tal of nine beats.A representative of a particular gharana or school.. gazal .An obscure tal of nine beats. garugi tal . 2) The theme of an instrumental performance.A bol for the left hand. often considered the god associated with percussion.) guru . . An obscure tal of 11 beats. jhaptal .An obscure tal variously considered to be 6. indwi . indra tal . iktali . jayamangal tal . Back to Top -Iikawai tal . jhampa tal . 10.See jhumra. indralin tal .The cloth and fiber ring cushions upon which the tabla rests.A small hand-pumped reed-organ. jor . jati .The small hammer used to tune the tabla.An obscure tal which some consider 13 beats while others consider 14 beats. jhampak tal . 2) The number of notes present in a rag.The tabla pair. 8. jagpal tal .An obscure tal of 15 beats. hit with small wooden sticks. used primarily in kheyal.An obscure tal.See indri. hemavati tal .An obscure tal of 21 beats. jaltarang .A popular four beat folk tal of Gujarat. jori .Duet between two similar instruments or vocalists. jagajhampa tal .1) A class of rhythm.North Indian classical music.An obscure pakhawaj tal of 11 beats. or 12 beats. variously considered to be 8. jarab .An obscure pakhawaj tal of 17 beats.The fast rhythmic style of instrumental music characterized by a constant plucking of drone strings (chikari).An instrumental equivalent of nomtom. jat dipchandi .An obscure 19 beat tal. 7. hinch . hindustani sangeet . jhoomra .An obscure 11 beat tal. hathodi .A common tal of 10 beats. jat tal .A style of instrumental music characterized by rhythm but no rhythmic cycle. himangshu tal . Back to Top -Jjagadamba tal .See jor. 12.An obscure tal of 15 beats.See dipchandi.An obscure 11 beat tal. jhumra tal . indranil tal . jod . or 16 beats. Back to Top .An obscure 15 beat tal.See zarab.A set of bowls tuned by adding or removing water. jugalbandhi .An obscure tal of 16 beats. jhala .harmonium . 3) An ancient modal form of singing. joralap .A tal of 14 beats. indri . A tabla bol. opposite of bhari or tali. kala . kdan or .(Lit. khula baj . beats.An obscure tal in 25 beats. kashth .A style of Islamic devotional song. khamsa tal .A wooden xylophone.1) The entire concept of time and musical timing.An archaic unit of time equal to four laghu. khula .An unusual tal of 9 1/2 beats.See kshan. khemta tal . khand jati .. characteristic of the lucknowi style.(Lit. kakapad . khalifa .A tabla bol of the left hand.Wooden frames in which small jingles are placed.See bhari.A very rare tal of 10 beats.The most prominent style of classical vocal today. kheyal tal .A language of southern India. kathak . "wood") An archaic unit of time = to eight lav.See kheyal. kamali paran . khayal .An obscure tal in 19 beats.(Lit. kalavati tal . Kannada . karnatic sangeet .A north Indian style of classical dance.See chang tal. kaherava tal .See kal. keherava .A great saint who composed many bhajans. kaida peshkar . kal .A paran which is constructed in a highly unusual yet fascinating manner.A folk drum of northeast India. kalanidhi tal . kathakali . ki or . karalmanch tal . 2) One of the 10 vital airs of tal (Das Pran).A rare tal in 18 beats.Any rhythm based upon 2 1/2. kheyal . A simple clapper. kandarp tal . kaida . khuli . khandapurna tal .See kaherava.A common eight-beat tal.See carnatic sangeet.See kheyal. khol . kartal . "open style") A style of tabla playing where the hands do not remain in contact with the drums. kat . kaal .An old and obscure tal of five or 10 beats.A dance form of the south Indian state of Kerala. a common eight beat tal. Thun. khyal . kaushik tal . kawali . kapalbhrat tal . kaidafarodast tal . kawali tal . which deals with absolute time.1) Art. 10.A rare tal of 24 beats.A powerful bol of both pakhawaj and tabla.A rare tal in eight beats.See kaherava. "open") Resonant strokes such as Ga. Kabir .A peshkar whose variations adhere strictly to the kaida format.A tal of eight beats similar to kaherava.A rare tal in 16 beats. kerva tal . etc. ke . khali . or marimba. kan . 2) An archaic unit of time roughly comparable to a minute.A small south Indian tambourine. kanjira .Kka .A tabla bol of the left hand. kashttarang .(Lit. etc.A fairly common yet amorphous tal variously described as six or 12 beats.A highly formalized approach to a tabla solo.A rela performed to a strict kaida format. 5.A tabla bol of the left hand. kaida rela .The oldest and most respected representative of a gharana. "empty") Waved. . kisme . the composition is the same whether it is read backwards or forwards. krishna tal .(Lit.An obscure tal in 11 beats. langalul tal .A style of singing where the lyrics are a description of the rag. kokil tal .An eight beat tal. kusumaker tal .A fast lively style of playing.A kaida created by having a ladi follow a strict kaida format.An obscure tal of 18 or 36 beats.The shell of the bayan. lakshmi tal .The small ring at the bottom side of the tabla used for the lacing. krushya . layakari . sur. lakadi .Plural of kisma.In a four unit time. lakhnowi baj . a tiny fraction of a second.An obscure tal in 27 beats. an instant. komal .A type of dohatthu which is inspired from nagada.A term used by Benares tabla players to indicate a rearangment of the bols of theka (i. lahara . used in light styles of playing. The first part being a mirror image of the second. kirtan . lokmata tal . the part of the tabla's playing surface between the chat (kinar) and the syahi.An obscure tal of five or seven beats..An old and obsolete term describing the manner of keeping time with the hands. Back to Top .A type of laggi.A laggi constructed upon a strict kaida structure. kuri . . 2) Complex divisions of the beat. See also sawai. laggi kaida . laggi . particularly with bhajans. 2) An archaic unit unit of time said to be equal to eight kshan. similar to rela.A simple.(Lit. kokila tal .An obscure pakhawaj tal in 20 beats.A obscure pakhawaj tal variously described as seven or 17 beats. laghushekhar tal . lay . lom-vilom .An ornament of sitar or sarod produced by hammering with the left hand against the fret or fingerboard.kinar .A note which is flattened.1) Maidan. lilawati tal .(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya). kundal . ladi kaida .An obscure tal of 19 beats. thumris.1) The relationship between the performed pulse of a composition and the theoretical beat. laghu . Sometimes (incorrectly) referred to as naghma. one plays five units.An obscure seven-beat tal similar to tivra tal. wood) The wooden shell of the tabla.An archaic unit of time equal to two drut.A classical dance form of the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. prakar). kshan . krantan .Tempo.e. lalkila paran .The style of playing originating from Lucknow. Therefore. kumbh tal .An obscure tal of 14 beats.A novel structure which is composed of two parts.Lladi . kisma . repetitive melody used to accompany tabla solos and kathak dance. "edge") The chat.An obscure tal of 13 beats. etc.An archaic unit of time. Lakshmi . kriya . lakshan geet . lav .A Hindu religious song or recitation. kuadi lay .Goddess of wealth. gazal. lavani tal . kuchipudi . An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands.lucknow . marichi tal .A tal of the celestial beings. sarod. 12 or 20 beats. madhumalati tal .A slow form played by sitar. makarandakirti tal . mahaadi lay . usually for poetry or music.An obscure tal of nine or 18 beats. This was specifically used in the marg sangeet.Double tempo of biadi lay.The lower octave. marg tal . mathya tal . matra . performed so that sound was produced (e.An obscure tal of 14 or 16 beats. 2) The gharana from this area. meend . clapping of hands etc.Small cymbals.An obscure tal variously considered to be of 8. There were four types of marg: dhruva marg. mahavraj tal .An obscure tal of three or 12 beats.A state in western India mahasen tal . chitra marg.The beat.). Back to Top .The fourth note of the scale (Ma).. mandra saptak .A slide.An obscure tal of 13 beats.A non-standard name for tintal.An obscure tal of 16 beats. maha tal . marg .Double tempo of kuadi lay.An obscure tal variously considered to be 8.The main resonating membrane of tabla or pakhawaj. Maharashtra .e. mayur tal .1) Describing the music of the gandharvas or celestial beings. (i.An obscure tal of 19 beats. matt tal .An obscure tal of nine beats. others say 13. maidan .An obscure tal of 17 beats. vartik marg.An obscure tal of 23 beats. 10.An obscure 11 beat tal.Mmadan tal . 2) An ancient concept regarding the pauses between the beats. mahakuadi lay .An obscure tal of 26 beats. . matt gayand tal .An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands.An obscure tal of 20 beats. tigun) mahabiadi lay . or 16 beats.. magadh tal . madhya saptak . santur and other instruments. manjira .An obscure tal.Medium tempo.Double tempo of adi lay.An obscure tal of 17 beats.A classical dance style from the northeastern state of Manipur. mattavijay tal .An obscure tal of 13 beats. mahanat tal . and dakshan marg. mallikatamode tal . manipuri . snapping of fingers. manthika tal . some say of 21 beats. Matang . This was specifically used in the marg sangeet. marg nishabd kriya . mani tal . masitkhani gat . performed so that sound was not produced. mahfil . manmath tal . mansij tal .An obscure tal of 16 beats.An obscure tal of 21 beats.A gathering.The middle octave. madhya lay . mahesh tal . malla tal .g.1) A city in northern India.An obscure tal of 20 beats. madhyam .The author of the Brihaddeshi. opposite of deshi tal. marg sashabd kriya . An obscure tal of 12 beats. mridang .Great saint in mythology who is said to be responsible for bringing the science of music to mankind. murali . nagada .A dholki.The nine primary emotions of the Indian system of aesthetics. murchang .A pair of kettle drums played with sticks.A bayan made of clay. mitti bayan .A very small phrase or composition ending on sam.A large south Indian oboe used in temples marriages etc. mridangam . nagada khani rela .An obscure tal of 13 beats. mohani tal .An obscure tal of 15 beats.An obscure tal of 27 beats.A short composition with a tihai which ends on sam. nimish . . mizrab .A low caste Muslim community of hereditary musicians. mohara . narada . nandi tal . nat tal .An unusual tal of 9 3/4 beats. mohan tal . nilakusum tal . mithilesh tal .A great woman saint.A term use by Banarasi musicians to indicate khali.Fundamental tabla bol. nadaswaram .A jew's harp.Nine jewels or nine learned men of a royal court.Any rhythm based upon 1 3/4. Back to Top . nal .A traditional group of musicians associated with open air performances at royal courts. mukhada .Nna . naubat . or show of respect made by bringing the hands together.An obscure tal of four beats. 14.A flute.The science of dramatics.A south Indian mridang.Any two headed barrel shaped drum of the pakhawaj variety.A traditional greeting. beats.See nohakka. etc. 7.An obscure tal considered by some to be 24 beats and 32 by others. navaratna .A rela which is structured to imitate the sound of a nagada.An archaic unit of time equal to the blink of an eye. mridanga yati . mukheda .megh malhar . narayani tal . mira . namaskar . 3 1/2. mundi .An obscure tal of three beats.A pick worn on the finger to play sitar. It may or may not have a tihai. becomes fast towards the middle and again becomes slow towards the end.An unusual piece which incorporates a namaskar into the structure. misra jati . murchana .See mukhada. mirasi .The spiritual mastery over sound to the extent that miracles may be worked.Modulation. namaskari paran .An ancient rhythmic form which begins slow. natyashastra . navaras . or the process of deriving a new mode by shifting the tonic of an existing mode. nilanbuj tal .A rag which is associated with the rainy season. nad siddha . nakshatra tal . nau-hakka . usually into the tihai.A chakradar. nau-ki-tihai .An obscure tal of 20 beats. (Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (marg nishabd kriya). Back to Top .. Back to Top .An obscure tal of 23 beats.Oorissi . pakhawaji .An obscure tal of 26 beats. nisaru tal .A style of classical dance from the Eastern state of Orissa. panchashar tal . pashupati tal . nishabd kriya . nishoruk tal .(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya). padmini .A class of small compositions derived from pakhawaj tradition. nishkram .An ornamental form of ghungharu.g. Guru-Shishya-Parampara) paschami baj .See pashtu. palta .(Lit.An obscure tal of nine beats.(Lit. paran tal .See chautal.The fifth note of the scale.(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya).(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya). Paluskar . pakhawaj . pashtu . payal .A rhythmic style of introduction found in dhrupad and dhammar. pench .A barrel shaped drum with playing heads on both sides.See Nomtom.nirdosh tal . parampara .A section of the tihai that is repeated three times. nishad . "coil" or "screw") 1) A type of palta or variation in a kaida formed by the repetition .The styles of dilli and ajrada gharanas. numtum . pakad .Timekeeping without making a sound. panch savari tal .The recitation of bols.The seventh note of the scale (Ni).An obscure tal of five beats. pancham tal .One who plays the pakhawaj. "to catch") The characteristic movement of a rag.Dance. patak . paune dugan .An obscure tal of 10 beats. pancham . nrtya . nohakka .The division of four beats into seven equal parts.See padhant. pat tal . padhant .See Vishnu Digambar Paluskar.A permutation of a kaida.See pancham savari tal. patit . palla .Ppadhat . pashto .A lineage. or continuum (e. nomtom . paran .An obscure tal of 16 beats.A rare tal of 15 beats.A type of tihai in which the bol "dha" comes nine times.An obscure tal in two beats. pancham savari tal .Some consider this to be mere prakar of rupak while others consider this to be a distinctly separate seven-beat tal. "brass") The brass shell of the bayan.(Lit. ragmala .One who plays rabab. Lucknow. "the movement of an ant") An ancient rhythmic form characterized by sudden and apparently erratic changes in tempo. ragini . This derives its name because such sudden changes are characteristic of the movement of an ant. puran tal . prakar . prasad . 2) A style of painting based upon the characterization of the various rags.An obscure tal of 14 beats. rabab . 2) Any reeded noisemaker.Permutations upon a kaida or given theme. purna tal .1) A style of performance where numerous different rags are joined together. putra rag .An obscure tal of 19 beats.See kaida. 2) The gharana from this area. praman tal . pravesh . and Benares traditions. rajamandit tal . pungi .An obscure tal of 18 beats. plut .A tabla bol.See kaida-rela quawwali . . pratap shikhar tal . Back to Top .Different varieties of theka.A kaida produced by having a peshkar follow a strict kaida format.(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (marg nishabd kriya).An obscure tal of 11 beats. prastar .An obscure tal of 40 beats.A female rag.Qquaida .of the first line three times. rag .(Lit. pudi . peshkar kaida . Punjab .Rra . pital . "from Punjab") A 16 beat tal similar to tintal.In the ancient rag / ragini system a putra rag is the son-rag.(Lit. prabhatkiran tal .A stringed instrument similar to sarod. "introduction") An introductory movement similar to kaida but with a different system of permutation. peshkar . purbi . pipilika yati .A tabla head. prati tal .An obscure tal of eight beats. rababiya . quada-rela .Food offered to god. Back to Top .(Lit.(Lit. punjabi . rajasingh tal . 2) Any palta. "Eastern") The style of playing in the Farukhabad.The Indian musical modes.An archaic unit of time equal to three laghu.An obscure tal of 13 or 17 beats.1) An area along the border between India and Pakistan.1) A bin or snake charmers instrument.See kawali.An obscure tal in 17 beats. characterized by the striking of the stationary right hand with the left hand.A rag of seven notes.The rope lacing on the dholak.A tabla bol. rayabank tal .An obscure tal of 12 beats.A tal of three beats somewhat similar to dadra. dedication. samaveda .An obscure tal of seven beats.1) The decorative patterns drawn on the ground in front of the doorsteps of traditional Hindu families. sampurna jati . sangeet ratnakar .A tertiary theme found in dhrupad and other older vocal forms. 6. sangeet or .An obscure tal of 13 beats. sadhana . sama yati . Back to Top . sankirna jati .An obscure tal of 17 beats. 9 or 11 beats.The appropriate time for performance of a rag. 16. sampurna tihai .An obscure tal of 14 beats. salvanth tal . rupak tal . ras tal . rela .Music and dance. rangoli . ri .Perseverance. sangati . rati tal . sanchari . etc. ravinandani tal . sagar tal .A tihai at the end of a kaida which contains only a portion of the theme. samadarshan tal . 15. sam .A rela like style that accompanies instrumental jhala. samavadi . sankirna tihai .An obscure tal of 26 matras.An obscure tal variously considered to be 11. One of the das pran of tal. rao . 9. rudra tal .See riyaz.rajnarayan tal . riaz .A type of yati characterized by uniform tempo from beginning to end.An obscure tal of 16 beats.Great perseverance. 2) The powder used to draw the patterns.One of the Vedas (religious texts) of the Hindus.A fast gat played by instruments such as sitar or sarod. . sanghalila tal . santoor . or 17 beats.The first beat of a cycle.Ssadanand tal .An ancient vina composed of a single stick with two gourd resonators. practice. rassi .See santur. samyak -(Archaic) A style of timekeeping in marg sashabd kriya. samay .The second most important note of a rag.An obscure tal of 24 beats.A common seven beat tal with uncommon variations of 5. sannipat . sangavikram tal . samir tal .An ancient text on music. razakhani gat . 2) An archaic term indicating that the music starts on sam.A tihai at the end of a kaida which contains the entire theme. rudra vina .An obscure tal of 28 beats.Accompaniment. 18.(Archaic) A style of timekeeping in the marg sashabd kriya characterized by the movement of both hands. riyaz .An obscure tal of 24 beats. formerly played on pakhawaj. sam grah .1) The process of ending a composition on the sam.A rhythm of 4 1/2. rang tal . beats.A very fast manipulation of small structures.An obscure tal of 14 beats.An obscure tal of 64 beats.The second note of the scale (Re). rishabh . and learning. shakti . savari choti tal . (i. shadtal .An obscure tal of 12 beats. power. shuddha swar . force. shehnai .One of the seven modes which may be derived by simple modulation.An obscure tal ofeight beats. shravannil tal . sawai ..An obscure tal of 10 or 13 beats.A stringed instrument similar to rabab.An obscure tal of 22 beats.11/4 time. (i. saroj tal . sargam .A style of playing where beat-for-beat the tabla follows the main artist.An obscure tal of 16 beats.The first note of the Indian scale (Sa).An obscure tal of 21 beats.A student or disciple. shastriya sangeet . Pa. shai .See pancham savari. satgun .(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya).A natural note.A class of compositions found in the pakhawaj styles. Re. saraswati vina . sarangi . Sa.e. clapping of hands).An obscure tal variously described as 14. savari tal .An obscure tal of 22 beats. shultal .An obscure tal of 12 beats. shankh tal .An obscure tal of seven beats. shankar tal . playing five strokes in four beats. "pure") Basic.The register or octave. primary.Choti savari.A Folk version of sarangi found in Rajastan. sarpini .An obscure tal of 10 beats.A conch shell horn.santur .An obscure tal of 10 beats. 16.See sulfak tal. shesh tal .Division of matra into seven divisions. sar tal . savari badi tal .Hindu goddess of music.The common south Indian vina. savari pancham tal .An Indian hammered dulcimer. Saringda . shuddha . shadj . Saraswati .e. saptak . and Ni).A fretless bowed instrument with numerous strings. shanmukh tal .Classical music. Ma.An obscure tal of 11 beats. 15.. sath .An obscure tal of 12 beats. shavarni tal . Sharangdev .g. shabad . or 32 beats. shuddha jati ..The gamut.An obscure tal of 18 beats.An obscure tal of 17 beats. . Dha. shankh . Ga.Timekeeping that makes noise (e. sharajanma tal .see sawai.A student. saraswati tal .Vernacular of syahi.Energy. sath sangat . sashabd kriya .An Indian oboe. or disciple. See also badi savari or choti savari. shagird . sarod . sharabhakrida tal .See badi savari. see pancham savari.) See kuadi.Author of Sangeet Ratnakar.A religious song of the Sikhs.A rag composed six notes.An obscure tal of 21 beats. shikhir tal . shruti tal . shikhiravahan tal .An obscure tal of 19 beats.(Lit. shambhu tal . savai . shobhadham tal .An obscure tal of 15 beats. shadav .Indian rosewood (Dalbergia sisu). sharabhalila tal . shisham . shishya . shakti tal . 30. See syahi.An obscure tal of 19 beats. arts. .A common long necked fretted instrument. 3) The Arabic word for any drum. sir tal .An old pakhawaj tal of 10 beats.1) The pair of Indian hand drums.A long necked.See sulfak tal. ta .) swar .).This yati is said to flow like a stream. tabla tarang .A great saint who composed many bhajans. stringed instrument for providing the drone. It begins slow and gradually increases to a fast conclusion. sushir . sulfak tal . tal .1) The Indian system of rhythm. singhnad tal .1) Education.Musical notation. tanpura .A slightly derogatory term for a tabla player. tal-lipi . soolfak tal .A theoretical framework of rhythm.The black application on the heads of the tabla. rupak tal. Back to Top . tali . "prayer. tal-vadhya-kachari .Percussion notation.A musical instrument characterized by blowing air (flute. tabaliya .A style of singing where the vocalist sings the sargam of the song.A 16 beat tal which is the same as Punjabi theka. sitarkhani . sudarshan tal . syahi .An obscure tal of nine beats. sul tal .(Lit. tan . Surdas . 3) The maidan.A respectful term for a tabla player. 4) (Archaic) A style of timekeeping in the marg sashabd kriya characterized by the striking of the stationary left hand with the right hand.A musical instrument composed of numerous wooden tabla tuned to different pitches.See sulfak tal.Fundamental tabla bol of the right hand.A street performance.A small harp used to accompany vocalists. etc..g. tabla . swarup . surmandal .A percussion ensemble.1) A note(See swar. tabalji .e. training. 2) A particular rhythmic cycle (e.A musical note. 2) The pitch of the tabla. tamir tal .(Lit..An obscure tal of six beats.) 3) Clapping of hands.A great musician in the court of the Emperor Akbar.See tali.An obscure tal of 14 beats. taali . harmonium. tintal. srotagata yati . surbahar . praise of God") See bol paran. swarmalika . tamrakarni tal .Tta . "shape" or "form") See pakad. sitar . sool tal . shehnai. a melodic lick).Fundamental tabla bol. stuti .An obscure tal of 10 or 20 beats. swarlipi .The small wooden right hand drum.sidha .An obscure tal of 40 beats. Tansen . sthai . etc. 2) A body of pedagogic material.A bass sitar.See sulfak tal. tamasha . sur .The primary theme of a classical vocal piece.A run of musical notes (i. tal paddhati .Clapped. 2) The right hand drum of the pair. talim . Tintal. 2) A prostitute. the second time being twice the speed of the first.A style of singing. tar saptak . tryastra jati .Third. thanh .A small drum which is beaten with sticks. or similar moods. used by musicians of the Benares gharana. tesra . "cannon") A loud paran which characterizes thunder.A very common tal of 16 beats.See tukada.See tisra tevra tal . tat . tavil .A tabla bol.Fundamental tabla bol. very similar to paran except that the bols do not show a pakhawaj influence.An obscure tal of 10 beats. 11. similar to peshkar. tipalli .An obscure tal of 19 beats.A 16-beat tal used in the accompaniment of thumri singing. sarod..1) A female entertainer. triveni tal .1) The fundamental rhythmic pattern used for timekeeping. tukada .) tihai . tilwara tal .A semiclassical style of singing. thumri tal .See tintal.An old pakhawaj tal of seven beats.A tabla bol of the right hand. theka .A tabla bol. tivra tal . top . tasa or tasha . tripalli . te . tukheda . sitar.The rawhide lacing of the tabla. tisra . 2) Single time. tintal . thappi .See tivra tal. teental . triple-time. triputa tal .An obscure tal of 8.1) A tabla bol. 2) A plucked string instrument (e. tin . thun . trital .Third clap.The higher octave.A tabla bol..See tamir tal.See tihai. thumri . ti .A layakari of 3:1 (i.Fundamental tabla bol.g. tigun . 2) A type of theme and variation.See thanh thah dun .A mode.1) A that (mode). thu .A large drum used in south Indian temples.A Punjabi style of semi-classical singing.A 16 beat tal. tiya .1) Vilambit.A tabla bol.A type of tihai where each phrase is in a different tempo.See tipalli. 12. turanglila tal . tasma .tappa .Any rhythm composed of 3. 9. or 13 beats. today characterized by meaningless syllables.A cadenza composed of three identical sections.Triplets. beats.A tabla bol. that . tra .) tawaif . tisra jati . etc.A small composition containing a small body and a tihai. tisri tali . tappa tal . battles. originally of Persian origin.(Lit. etc. tun .A term used by Benares musicians to indicate a composition played twice. thah . tu . 2) The major rag in Todi that. timir tal .A tihai todi . 6. . a common 16 beat tal. toda .An accompaniment pattern of pakhawaj similar to prakar.e. tarana .A 16 beat tal similar to tintal. (Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (marg nishabd kriya). venu .A famous Indian musicologist.1) Any stringed instrument. Back to Top .An obscure tal of 19 beats. 2) An archaic term referring to the start of the percussion on something other than sam (das pran).An obscure tal of eight beats.An obscure tal of 17 or 36 beats.A famous Indian musicologist.An obscure tal of 18 beats. Vishnu .An obscure tal of eight or 16 beats.A notational system developed by Vishnu Digambar Paluskar. vikshipt .Back to Top . Vishnu Digambar Paluskar . Therefore. visham yati .Slow tempo. vikshep . varan tal .(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya).Humility.An obscure tal of 13 beats.See Basantshikhir tal.e. udirn tal . vimohi tal .A south Indian flute. ushakiran tal .Vvichitra vina . It is played with a slide in a manner similar to a Hawaiian guitar. vishnu digambar paddhati . said to be a prerequisite for discipleship.A learned man.An obscure tal of 25 beats. ustad . varanabhina tal . vakra .An obscure tal of 20 beats.An obscure tal of 16 beats. virpanch tal .A rare tal of 10 beats. varanamanthika tal . vijay tal . vishnu tal .An obscure tal of 12 beats. the structure of the tal is consciously hidden. vardhan tal .The usage of notes in an oblique fashion.Uuday tal . vadi .An obscure tal of 20 beats. vishnu narayan bhatkhande . God). virbhadra tal ..The important note of a rag.The preserver (i.1) The process of hiding or de-emphasizing the sam. visarjit . visham tal . . vasant shikhir tal . This is a type of mukhada used as an introductory piece.A rare tal of 16 beats. ukshav tal .An obscure tal of 20 beats. vinaya .An ancient rhythmic form which is constructed so that the changes in tempo are calculated to avoid the structure of the tal. uthan . a master.An instrument similar to rudra vina except that it has no frets.The measure or "bar". vibhag . vina . 2) The saraswati vina of south India.(Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya).A cadenza used commonly in dance and tabla solos. visham grah . vilambit . An obscure tal of 15 beats.) vivadi . Back to Top .X(empty) Back to Top .vishva tal . pipilika yati. or visham yati. string instrument (e. sama yati. violin. yatishekhar tal . vitat . mridanga yati. dilruba. See also srotagata yati.W(empty) Back to Top . Back to Top .(Lit.An obscure tal of 13 beats.An obsolete tal of six beats. yati tal . sarangi.Yyati ..A note which is not allowed in a rag.g. damaru yati.An obsolete system of patterns of manipulation of lay.A bowed. etc. gopuchcha yati.Zzarab . "To strike") The arrangment of vibhags or ang .