....... HVAC FUNDAMENTALS Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division ...... . What is a HVAC system ? • HVAC is an acronym for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning. • HVAC is a historical term that is commonly known today as air conditioning. • A HVAC system maintains and controls the conditions of Siemens sans environment. the inside siemens sans bold sans italic • Asiemens HVAC system delivers comfort, health and well being in the siemens sans italic bold workplace or home,or controls conditions for siemens sans black manufacturing and industrial processes. siemens black italic • A HVAC system comprises air conditioning plant, air and water reticulation, and controls. 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .. .... What affects a HVAC system design ? • HVAC systems are designed to overcome the outside environment and building design. • HVAC systems are designed to maintain stringent conditions for Siemens sans industrial processes.. siemens sans bold siemens sans italic • HVAC systems are designed to meet energy costs and reliability siemens sans italic bold from an owners point of view. • HVAC systems are designed to maintain comfort conditions for the building occupants. siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . sans • Humidifying siemens sans black. siemens sans bold • Cooling . .the siemens sans italic process of removing thermal energy (heat) from the siemensair in italic the bold conditioned space.the process of removing particles and biological contaminants in the air..the process of adding water vapor (moisture) to the air... • Cleaning . • Heating . • Air movement ..black italic siemens • Dehumidifying . 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .the process of exchanging air between the outdoors and the conditioned space.the process of circulating and mixing air through conditioned spaces. What are the main processes carried out by a HVAC system ? • Ventilation ...the process of adding thermal energy (heat) to the air Siemens sans in the conditioned space.the process of removing water vapor (moisture) from the air. • Refrigerant is nothing but heat carrier i... Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .... . Refrigeration Process • Refrigeration is the process of removing heat at a low temperature level & rejecting it at a relatively higher temperature level.. heat carrying medium.e. ...... . Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle High Pressure/ High Temp Hot Gas Line Compressor Cold Gas Line Low Pressure/ Low Temp Condenser Siemens sans Evaporator Heat Absorbed siemens sans bold siemens sans italic High Pressure/ Low Temp siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic Cold Liquid Line Expansion Device Heat Rejected Cold Liquid Line Low Pressure/ Low Temp 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . . siemens sans bold • siemens sans italic Chilled Water System (DW System) siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .. 3.. 1. Types of Systems • Siemens sans Direct Expansion (DX System).. Split Units. Window Airconditioner 2... Packaged Unit. . unit Siemens is mounted siemens sans bold •Vertical selfsans contained air conditioners are siemens italic mounted external and air is ducted to the siemens sans italic bold room.. Condens 10. Supply 5. Pipe 11. refrigeration compressor. etc. •Split systems are where the fan and coil are mounted inside and the condensing sans remote. Room SYNERGY E L V Division .Outside & room fans 7. (Package Units. Window 15. 10/15/09 Window Unit. •Individual room units are designed to fit inwindows or a wall mounted consoles. condenser.. Exhaust air 3.Grille 14.. valve 12. 1. Air filter 13. Casing HVAC Presentation 2. .Compressor 8. Outside air Room air siemens sans black siemens black italic •Roof top units are weatherproof units and the air is ducted to the space below. Outside air 4.Refrig. Evaporator 9... Unitary Air Conditioning Units. Return air 6.DX System) •Unitary A/C units are self contained with fan.. Exp.Condensate collector 15. DX System) •As the name implies... Exhaust air 3. Exp. italic siemens sans black •The fan coil unit can be mounted in the siemens black italic room or in a remote position with duct to the room.Ventilation grid 14. 1. Outside air 2. Siemens sans •Thesiemens condensing sans bold unit is mounted outside which assists heat dissipation siemens sanscondenser italic and siemens reducessans noise in bold the room.Compressor 8. Return air 5. Condensing unit.. Filter 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . (Split systems. Room 6.Fan coil unit. refrigeration and ventilating parts.Refrigerant pipe 11. . •The ventilating part consists of a fan and an evaporator to cool or heat the air. Condenser 9. Split System. 12. Supply air 4. 13.. Unitary AC Units. Evaporator 7. •The refrigeration part consists of a compressor and an air cooled condenser. valve 10. the air conditioner is split into two parts... .... ... DX System Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . . In-Direct System Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division ....... .. Sample Screens ...Water Cooled Chiller Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division ... . .. ... Sample Screens-Air Cooled Chillers Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division ... .Chillers Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . ...... Sample Screens. .. Sample Screens.Cooling Tower Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .... .. .. Sample Screens-Basic AHU Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .. .... .... Sample Screens-Basic AHU Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . ... Sample Screens-Treated Fresh Air Unit Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division ... ..... Hot or cold water return. 3. HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . • It is not possible to cool a room and simultaneously heat an adjacent room on the samesans water zone. italic temperature and solar loads require zones to need cold water and others to need hot water.. 4. • Thus only cold water or hot water is available at the fan coil units at any one time.. Fan coil units with one coil.Water Systems. 5. 10/15/09 Hot or cold water flow. hot water in winter. 6.) • Two water pipes are led to each fan coil unit. Different rooms. Siemens • This system is bold most successful in siemens sans summer anditalic winter when the outside siemens sans conditions areitalic steady siemens sans bold and predictable.. 2.. siemens sans black • This system is less successful in spring when low ambient siemensand blackautumn. . All . 7. cold water is pumped in summer.. Boiler. 1.. ( 2-pipe fan coil unit system. Supply air. Chiller. ... . VAVs & CAVs CON STAN UNIT T AIR S Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic L B IA R VA siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black M U VOVLOL U R ME I A E S T I N U E siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .... ..... of the time systems operate at less than full siemens Rest sans black capacity. Characteristics of VAV • Air distribution equipment • Mainly used in buildings where single AHU serves many areas • Optimizes power consumption while maintaining – thermal comfort Siemens sans • Ideally suited siemens sans bold for varying load patterns siemens sans italic siemens sans italic • Full cooling / bold full heating take place about 20 % of the time.. siemens black italic • The VAV box adjusts the amount of air that enters the space or room to maintain temperature 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . . .... 57 siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . ... Ventilation & Air-conditioning System Air only systems Variable air Volume System 1 6 5 2 Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold 7 4 3 9 Fig. ..... Control of individual room temperature Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic boldT siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .. . . ... Types of VAVs Shut-off type VAVs Pressure Controller Pressure Sensor Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic T 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .... .... Types of VAVs VAV with volumetric flow control Variable Frequency Drive Pressure Controller M Pressure Sensor Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic T 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .. .. . Types of VAVs • By .pass type VAV To False ceiling Siemens sans siemens sans bold From AHU siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold To conditioned Space siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division . ...... .... .. Sample Screens-Exhaust Fans Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .. ..... . HVAC system in a building Siemens sans siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .. ....... Siemens sans THANK YOU siemens sans bold siemens sans italic siemens sans italic bold siemens sans black siemens black italic 10/15/09 HVAC Presentation SYNERGY E L V Division .