tNavigatorGeneral description Training Tutorials 2016 Rock Flow Dynamics Training description 2 Open model Run model and Properties Check quality of analyze Rates, maps, History Matching Totals, Pressure, … Resources 2 Data input-output 3 Interactive GUI E100/300 IMEX GEM Console tNavigator STARS binary files Tempest/More + log-file Assisted History Matching GUI RSM-file RESCUE MPI/cluster trajectories events Remote GUI E100 binary files history RP/PVT Model Designer GUI 3 File structure 4 .DATA, INCLUDE – model initial files RESULTS – calculation results: • .log – text file with report on simulation process • .log.old – saved .log file with results from the previous model opening • .err – error report • .res – binary files with results (maps, graphs …) • .sdata – View Graphs mode. View Results • .lock – controls model opening with only one tNavigator instance • .meta, rlog, etc – tNavigator inner files USER – folder with user modifications made from graphical interface _pvt, _rp, _sch (are saved in separate files) 4 Open model modes 5 Open model to run simulation (use if you plan to modify model in graphical interface and run simulation) • Open model (formats E100, E300) Open model • Choose format (E100, E300, IMEX, STARS, GEM) Open as… • Choose time steps to save results View simulation results (user to see the results of model that has been calculated previously, .sdata-file is used) View Results • Run simulation button is disable • You can’t change results (delete or rewrite them) View Graphs • Analogous to «View Results» • Options that use grid are not available (Maps, graphs Block Info, Well Section, …) 5 tNavigator documentation 6 User Manual. Physical model description, mathematic tNavUserManualEnglish.pdf model, formulas, keywords. User Guide. Description of tNavigator graphical tNavUserGuideEnglish.pdf interface: maps, graphs, buttons, Assisted History Matching algorithms. Arithmetic manual. List of properties, operations, tNavArithmeticManualEnglish.pdf functions that can be used in model data file editing, User Maps, Cuts, graphs creation. Examples. New features in tNavigator Gui and kernel in new release_notes_eng.pdf releases. HowTo tutorials in the format: test model+.pdf Training tutorials presentation 6 tNavigator main window 7 1. Run tNavigator 2. File. Open – open E100 models 3. File, Open as - switch E300, IMEX, STARS, MORE 4. Main window contains the following options Parallel: choose number of cores for parallel calculations Language: Settings, Language, English 7 Open model 8 • If you want to run black-oil case - open the model BlackOilDEMO/black_oil_demo.data (in this training tutorial all slides are from this black-oil case OIL, WATER, GAS, DISGAS) • If you want to run compositional case - open the model CompDEMO/COMP_DEMO.DATA (gas condensate field, 5 components and water) 8 Open model 9 1. File. Open BlackOilDEMO/black_oil_demo.data 9 3D visualization 10 tNavigator can: Visualize the model before and during calculations (Maps, 2D and 3D maps); Stop calculations, edit the model and run calculations again. Time slider Options Visualization panel Press on the block to see the value of map parameter in this block Report panel 10 Maps of Properties 11 Histogram 3D map 2D map 11 Maps List 12 Initial maps – depth, porosity, block size along X, Y, Z axis, permeability along X, Y, Z axis, transmissibility multipliers, etc. Calculated maps – pressure, saturation of oil, water, gas, ternary saturation diagram, reciprocal of formation volume factor for water, oil, gas, reciprocal of viscosity for water, oil, gas, etc. Resources – Oil in place, Mobile Oil in Place, Mass Mobile Oil in Place, Gas in Place, etc. Regions – Pvtnum (PVT regions), Satnum (saturation regions), FIPnum (Fluid-in-Place regions), Eqlnum (equilibration regions), etc. User Cuts and User Maps – maps and cuts that can be created via User Arithmetics. 12 3D visualization of properties To rotate map – hold left mouse button and move the mouse To move map – hold right mouse button and move the mouse To scale map – roll mouse wheel Default view – press left + right mouse click Different models views – Button Views and presentation params 13 Properties in each grid block 14 Right mouse click on block on 2D or 3D map, choose Block statistics (size, porosity, permeability, regions to which block corresponds etc.) Press top left angle of table to select it Ctrl+C, Ctrl+V (to copy and export to Excel) Change the block – Select X, Y, Z coordinates here 14 Palette for properties visualization 15 1. The parameter values of properties on the map correspond to the colors on palette 2. Vertical color palette is marked by horizontal lines and numbers 3. In the figure the default palette (red, blue, green, yellow, red) 4. The color changes evenly between the two colors 5. To change Palette properties - right mouse click on the palette Vertical palette Right mouse click to add colors, change palette mode 15 Discrete palette 16 1. Right mouse click on palette. Set Discrete Palette 2. Discrete and Continuous palette • Discrete palette: color on the map corresponds to the parameter values from minimum (specified in the palette on the horizontal line at the bottom of the color) to a maximum (in the palette on the horizontal line at the top of this color) • Continuous palette: each parameter value corresponds to the color tone 3. Back to continuous palette - right mouse click on palette and Set Continuous Palette Discrete palette Continuous palette Discrete palette: green color corresponds to the parameter value from 142,05 до 143,88 16 Distance between blocks or wells 17 1. 3D maps. 2. Move time slider to see field development history (red – producers, blue - injectors) 3. Press Distance between two specified blocks 4. Left mouse click to note blocks, separated by a distance to be measured 17 Initial geological Resources: Sum oil in place 18 1. Maps. Resources. Oil in Place 2. Map statistics 3. Map statistics: Entries (active blocks), Sum, Mean (average), RMS (Root Mean Square), Minimum, Maximum value of parameter for this map 4. So as Sum we see Sum of Oil in place for field 5. (The same way Oil in place Mass, Mobile and Gas resources can be calculated) 18 Resources in FIP regions: create FIPNUM Cut 19 We are going to calculate resources in FIPNUM regions: 1-st we create User Cut for FIPNUM, 2-nd (next frame) calculated resources in each FIPNUM 1. User cuts. Cut 2. In Map arithmetic command line «FIPNUM». Apply. 3. See 3 FIP-regions with different color 19 Resources in FIP regions: Map statistics 20 1. Return to Maps. Resources. Oil in Place 2. Check Use Cut. Cut. 3. Select = and 3 4. 3-rd FIPNUM region is visualized 5. Map statistics is now for blocks in 3-rd FIP region (for which Cut =3 is true) 6. See Sum – resources in 3-rd FIP region 7. Switch between 1,2,3 FIP regions analogously 20 2D maps for properties 21 Dropdown menu for 2D maps: Layer, Sum, Min, Max, Avg, Rms, Concentration, Density, Profile, Roof, Bottom, Cross-section Check Show well names Layer: layer number in Z- axis direction (IJ), X-axis Sum: of all vertical layers (JK), Y-axis (IK) Avg (average): of all Rms (variance): variation of vertical layers all vertical layers 21 Contour lines to locate areas with high resources 22 1. Oil in Place map. 2D - Sum 2. Check Color by Contour lines 3. Check Show Contour lines 4. See the areas with high resources 5. Press Settings to change contour lines settings Settings 22 Properties for layers in 3D 23 1. Go to to 3D, select property you want to analyze (Permeability at the picture) 2. Press 3D slicing 3. Uncheck all 4. Check layers you want to visualize 3D slicing Sliders to add group of layers Check layers 23 Histogram for properties 24 1. Maps. Initial Maps. Porosity. Histogram 2. The height of the column - the number of blocks with the values of porosity (or other parameter) in this range 3. Statistics to see Sum, Mean,… for selected property Values (the height of the column corresponds to the number of blocks with the values of porosity in the • Total number of active blocks (Entries); range) • Sum of porosity values for all blocks (Sum); Percentage (the height of the column corresponds to • Mean (average value of porosity for blocks) (Mean); the number of blocks per cent with the values of • RMS (porosity variance) (RMS – root mean square). porosity in the range) 24 Run and stop calculations 25 1. Run calculations and Stop 2. Run calculations to the specified time step (Goto Step). Calculations will stop at this step 3. When you reopen the model calculation can be run from any previously calculated step 4. Playback results – Auto playback of calculated steps (step by step changes on the maps, graphs, tables) Run calculations Playback results Time slider Stop Run calculations to step, Enter step number Calculated steps are underlined with a red line 25 One model in several windows 26 Press Create new window to open several windows with your model: • In different windows you can analyze: 2D and 3D maps of properties, graphs, histograms • You can open new windows before or during calculations • Move additional window to the second screen 26 Graphs. Calculations. Easy restarts 27 1. Graphs. Totals. Select Group – FIELD 2. Check Oil Total, Oil total (H) – historical – dotted line, Water Total, Water Total (H) – dotted line 3. Interactivity in the calculation. You can stop the calculation, without waiting till the end, if, for example, there is big difference between history and calculation data. 4. Restart calculation – move time the slider to the time step, which requires a recalculation, and run the calculation again Stop calculations Time slider Objects: connections, wells, groups, reservoir, FIP regions, segments, network Press Reset to deselect all Red vertical line – current calculation step 27 Well control mode 28 1. Graphs. Totals (or Rates, or…) 2. Select a well, check parameters (Oil and Water on the picture) 3. See the 2 bars with well control mode (top bar – calculated control, bottom - historical) 4. Press in report panel Well events button to see only messages for wells Injector Producer Well 50 Shut Calculation – switch LRAT to BHP Stop control Injector History – LRAT always (liquid rate) (producer earlier) Well events in the log 28 Graphs. Export to Excel 29 1. Click upper left corner to select a table (or Ctrl+A (select all), Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+V (paste) to Excel) OR 2. Press Export (green arrow) to save the table. Specify extension .xls to save Excel-file Press to select all table Export 29 Min and Max pressure during calculations 30 1. Calculated Maps. Pressure 2. 2D map. Min 3. For oil fields: we can see the areas where pressure < bubble point (gas appears) 4. For gas fields: we can see the areas where pressure< dew point (condensate) 5. Use 2D Max map of pressure to see if we have areas with “overinjection” 30 Current production: bubble maps 31 1. 2D map. Check Bubble Maps (Production Rates Bubble Maps are selected for default) 2. Move time slider to see production and injection at each time step 3. Blue – injection rate, orange – oil rate, green – water rate 4. Double click on the well to switch to its graphs Rates 5. Any new Bubble Map templates can be created, exported and used in other models Double click on well Open Settings Press to add a new Template 31 Cross-section (horizontal) 32 3D 1. Cross-section. Coordinate plane (Z) 2. Hold left mouse button (and move yellow sphere) to move the horizontal section plane 3. Or enter section depth in meters 4. Close dialogue – Cross-section 1 is saved automatically 2D 1. Cross-Section. Cross-section 1 2. Move time slider to see properties in dynamics Cross section 32 Cross-section (vertical) 33 3D 1. Cross-section. Vertical 2. Do two click on blocks to see a section plane 3. Hold left mouse button (and move yellow sphere) to move the section plane or rotate it by the corners 4. Close dialogue – Cross-section 1 is saved automatically 2D 1. Cross-Section. Cross-section 1 Cross section 33 Graph types: Object, Parameter, Step 34 1. Object type– one of the following: connection, well, group of wells, region, reservoir. Graphs of various parameters as time function can be built simultaneously for selected object (one!). 2. Parameter type – one (!) parameter of the following: totals, rates, pressure, ... Graph of values for any number of wells, groups, connectons as time function can be built for this parameter. Objects Parameters Parameter graph types: Separate (graphs for all objects in the window), Sum (sum of the parameter for all selected objects), Average (average of the parameter for all selected objects), Active Average (well is active at the time step if it works on current time step) Switch graphs type 3. Step. Any number of parameters for any number of objects can be calculated for any time step. Place time slider to any time step 34 Well filter: wells you are interested in now 35 When you use Well filter (on the right panel): only wells from filter will be visualized on all maps and graphs Use Well filter Well filter is active Check wells Select well All reservoir wells groups Deselect all: No wells will be Wells with filter visualized 35 Check quality of History Matching 36 HM tables and graphs Unified History Matching Results Graphs, Plots: Historical vs Calculation values Bubble Maps: residuals 36 Unified History Matching Results 37 1. Graphs. Unified History Matching Results 2. Historical and calculated values of parameters for wells: Oil total, Water total, Gas Total, Liquid Total, Rates, water cut, water injection etc. 3. Data is updated at each time step. At the end of the calculation move time slider to the desired step and analyze the HM table at this step. 4. Settings to check only the columns you are interested in Relative Mismatch = |Hist. – Calc.| *100% Hist. Absolute Residual (Mismatch) = Hist. – Calc. Wells Settings 37 Sorting History Matching table 38 HM table data can be sorted by ascending or descending parameter values. Left-click to header of column that should be sorted Sort Descending of the Oil Total Relative Mismatch Wells with worst HM quality are on the top of the list now 38 Graphs: history as dotted line 39 1. Graphs. Totals (Rates, etc…) 2. Groups (Field, Wells, etc) 3. Tick Oil total, Oil Total (H), Water Total, Water Total (H), Liquid Total, Liquid Total (H) 4. (H) – means historical value 5. Compare historical and calculated values for wells, field on graphs and tables 39 Graph: historical and calculated values 40 1. Graphs. Hist vs Calc X-axis – calculated value, Y-axis – historical value 2. Green bisector line – calculated value of parameter is equal to historical for the wells on this line 3. Tolerance – Red lines – 10% deviation from the bisector (for well deviation between calculated and historical value is valid) 4. Uncheck Hide matched to see wells with good HM quality (green squares) 5. Move time slider to see plot at each time step Calculated and historical oil total for wells don’t match (residual in more than 10%) Red wells in the table and graph Calculated oil rate is equal to historical oil rate at this time step (between red lines) Green wells in the table and graph. To see Green wells tick off – Hide Matched 40 Graph: historical and calculated values 41 1. Tolerance can be changed for high rate wells and middle rate wells independently (5% for high rates and 10% for middle rates on the picture) 2. Square – wells with middle rate 3. Around square – wells with high rate 4. Tick Hide Low Rate Ones (Low Rate wells list depend on user specified Min. Rate) 41 Bubble Maps: mismatch 42 1. 2D Map. Avg (or Sum) Check Bubble Maps. Settings – Mismatch Map 2. Choose parameter (Oil Rate on the picture). Near the circle there are values of Oil rate mismatch. Move time slider to see mismatches at each time step 3. Red color of circle (hist value > calc), blue color (hist value < calc) 4. Hint: If big bubble maps are distributed uniformly everywhere – it means that the problem of HM is complex for whole field (may be we need change RP or permeability everywhere) If big bubble maps are presented somewhere locally – then HM problem is local and we need to change properties only locally Uncheck Relative Mismatches to see Absolute mismatches bubble maps 42 Thank you for attention! 43