2Complete the sentences using CAN, MUST or MIGHT. Use negative forms where necessary. 1. It .................... have been him. I refuse to believe it. 2. I’m not sure you can do that. You .................... need to ask the boss first. 3. I .................. be able to go to the meeting tomorrow. I’ll let you know in the morning. 4. I can’t understand this message. It ................ be written in code. 5. A: Hey, guess what! It’s snowing! B: It .................. be! It’s too warm! 6. A: Steve told me you were going to stand for (presentarse a) election. Is that true? B: I ................. be. I haven’t decided yet. 1 Complete the sentences using CAN, COULD or WAS ABLE TO. Use negative forms where necessary. Sometimes more than one form is possible. 1 A: .......... you speak Dutch? B: No, not really. I ........... speak it when I was a child, but then my family left the Netherlands and I lost touch with the language? (¿Entiendes la frase que has completado? En selectividad te van a preguntar vocabulario y no deberías (SHOULDN’T) pasar por alto las palabras que no entiendas) 2 A: Did you go to the concert last night? B: No, I ............ get a ticket. 3 A: Do you know if Sarah .............. get home alright last night? B: Yes, she caught the last train with just minutes to spare! (vocabulario muy interesante: alright ; spare) 4 A: How’s the snow? B: Amazing! Another ten inches (pulgadas) fell two nights ago. I ............. get to the office yesterday morning! 5 A: I’m sorry I ............... come to the meeting this afternoon. Something’s come up (surgir) B: OK. Don’t worry. I’ll take notes for you. 3 Complete the second sentence using the words in bold so that it has a similar meaning to the first. 1. It’s possible that the train will be late because of the snow. might The train ...................... because of the snow. 2. It’s obligatory to wear a helmet when you’re riding a motorbike. must You .................... when you’re riding a motorbike. 3. Nobody had to bring food with them. It was all provided by the organisers. need We ................... . It was all provided by the organisers. 4. He definitely didn’t write this letter. It isn’t his handwriting. can He ..................... . It isn’t his handwriting. 5. It’s possible that they’re waiting for us at the entrance. might They ..................... at the entrance. 6. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. didnʼt Nancy ... 1 unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 7. It is possible that Joanne did not receive my message. might Joanne ... 8. Tessa wants a cup of tea. like Tessa ... 9. It’s impossible for Martin to be jogging in this weather. canʼt Martin ... 10. The report must be on my desk tomorrow morning. has The report ... 11. The best thing fot you to do is sit down. better You ... 12. I realize (darse cuenta) that it was a terrible experience for you. must It ... 6 Choose the correct continuation. 1. He must have known we were coming. a. He prepared a delicious meal. 2. You shouldn’t have eaten so quickly. a. You don’t want to be sick. b. He looks so surprised. b. You will be sick. 3. They could have bought it. a. They had enough money. b. They didn’t have enough money. 4. She might have called. a. I am at home. The phone didn’t ring. b. I wasn’t at home. I don’t know. 5. My parents couldn’t have seen The Hobbit. a. They would have told me. b. They aren’t going out tonight. 4 1. 2. 3. 4. Circle the correct options. We need / needn’t to get up at 6.30 tomorrow to catch the early train. I don’t need / needn’t go to work today. I’ve got the day off. You didn’t need / needn’t have brought a towel. There are plenty here. He didn’t need / needn’t to take the car. He went on the bus 7! Complete the sentences with the correct modal perfect form of the word in brackets. There may be more than one possible answer. 1. There isn’t one mistake in this composition. Bill ……………………………… (write) it without help. 2. There’s no water in the dog’s bowl. He ……………………………… (drink) it all. 3. We’ve missed the bus. We ……………………………… (leave) the house earlier. 4. You ……………………………… (tell) me about the sale, but I don’t remember. 5 Choose the correct answer. 1. I can’t / don’t have to / needn’t see without my glasses. 2. There’s school tomorrow, so we could / have to / are able to be home early tonight. 3. It’s cold. I think you can / are able to / ought to take a sweater. 4. We’ll look after you. You needn’t / can’t / may not be afraid. 5. The doctors say Uncle Jeff doesn’t have to / might not / mustn’t work so hard. unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 2 8 Complete the sentences using a modal or modal perfect from A and the correct form of a verb from B. A B can’t • couldn’t have • should have won’t have to • may • needn’t have snow • call • read • be • bring • do 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Choose the correct answer. The doctor says I might / must get more exercise. You look great in brown. You should / can wear it more often. His arm is broken, so he isn’t able to / may not write. Tomorrow is a holiday, so we mustn’t / don’t have to get up early. When you are on a diet, you ought to / could drink a lot of water. He stopped the car so he should / could rest for a while. Choose the correct continuation. 1. I’m sorry we were out. You ……………………………… to tell us you were coming. 2. Thanks, but you ……………………………… any drinks. We’ve got plenty. 3. Your handwriting is terrible. I ……………………………… it. 4. It’s very cold. It ……………………………… tonight. 5. Everything will be ready tonight. We ……………………………… anything tomorrow. 6. She ……………………………… a model. She wasn’t tall enough. 11 1. You may borrow the book. a. I’ve finished reading it. 2. Greg shouldn’t marry Katie. a. She’s already married. 3. She mustn’t drive home. a. She drank beer at the party. 4. I don’t have to cook dinner. a. I’ve never learned to cook. b. b. It’s a good idea. He doesn’t love her. b. Her brother took the car. b. We’re going out for a meal. 9 Rewrite the following sentences with a suitable modal or modal perfect. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. She’s famous. Of course they’ve heard of her. She’s famous. They ........................................................................ . 2. What do you think about inviting the Browns for coffee? Do you think ................................................................................... ? 3. His injuries stopped him from working. He ................................................................................................... . 4. I’m sorry. It was a mistake not to ask for your permission. I’m sorry. I ....................................................................................... . 12 Complete the sentences with the modals below. may • must • canʼt • could • should 1. You ……………… come to us for dinner. I won’t accept no for an answer. 2. ……………… I have a piece of cake, please? 3. He ……………… reach it. He’s not tall enough. 4. You ……………… always brush your teeth before you go to sleep. 5. I ……………… make people laugh when I was young. unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 3 13 Replace the words in bold with the words below. neednʼt • mustnʼt • ought to • have to • might • couldnʼt 1. Tess should help her mother more. ……………… 2. I’m not sure, but she may be French. ……………… 3. In some countries, girls are forbidden to uncover their faces in public. ……………… 4. You don’t have to explain. ……………… 5. You must be careful not to offend them. ……………… 6. I’m sorry we weren’t able to come. ……………… 3. It’s only nine o’clock. They ……………………………… (go) to bed yet. 4. My dictionary isn’t in my bag. I ……………………………… (leave) it at home. 5. The train won’t be here for ages. We ……………………………… (get) here so early. 16 Choose the correct answer. 14 Choose the correct answer. 1. The restaurant isn’t as busy as I expected. We mustn’t have / might not have / needn’t have reserved a table. 2. Jay looks happy. He could have / must have / ought to have passed his driving test. 3. I’m so tired this morning. I couldn’t have / needn’t have / shouldn’t have gone to bed so late. 4. You could have / must have / may have called to tell us you were coming. 1. Danny is clever. He could read / could have read when he was five. 2. We must have remembered / must remember to buy drinks for the party tonight. 3. You shouldn’t buy / shouldn’t have bought that gift. It was much too expensive. 4. That boy plays the piano really well. He might become / might have become a professional pianist one day. 5. I found the book easily. You couldn’t look / couldn’t have looked very hard for it. 6. The dog must eat / must have eaten the steak because no one else was at home. 17 Replace the words in bold with the modals below. Make any 15 Complete the sentences with the correct affirmative or negative necessary changes. can • not have to • may • ought to • must • could 1. People should drink a lot in summer. ……………………… 2. When Mia was younger, she was able to run very fast. ……………………… 3. Are you able to adapt to new situations? ……………………… 4. Could I please leave the room? ……………………… 5. You have to stop for red lights. ……………………… 6. He needn’t come if he doesn’t want to. ……………………… 4 modal perfect form of the verbs in brackets. There may be more than one possible answer. 1. Why didn’t you write? You ……………………………… (send) an e-mail or an SMS. 2. You missed a great film last night. You ……………………………… (come) with us. unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 18 Choose the correct answer. Have you lost your job? Has your girlfriend left you? Perhaps you (1) must have / should have tried Feng Shui – the ancient Chinese art of placement. Feng Shui teaches us that we (2) could / can transform our lives if we learn how to arrange the things around us properly. It tells us that objects (3) could not / ought to be placed in a way that increases energy flow. 4. I think the waiter ……………………………… (make) a mistake in the bill but I‘m not sure. 5. You ……………………………… (wear) something more appropriate. The invitation said “formal dress”. 20 Choose the answer that is closer in meaning to the words in bold. According to Feng Shui, there are certain rules we (4) should / might follow when planning our homes and workplaces. If we follow these rules, we (5) aren’t able to / can create harmony in our lives. First, we (6) mustn’t / ought to keep things we don’t need. They take up space and (7) might / needn’t block energy flow. In addition, we (8) are able to / need to think positive thoughts. We (9) have to / might not make these changes in our lives if we hope to live in harmony, and Feng Shui shows us how. 1. I have to go now. a. must b. might 2. We should respect our elders. a. ought to b. may 3. You mustn’t smoke in public places. a. don’t have to b. shouldn’t 4. May I borrow your car? a. Need b. Can 5. They needn’t come early tomorrow. a. shouldn’t b. don’t have to 21 Choose the correct answer. 19 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use the modals below. should have • couldnʼt have • must have • might have • shouldnʼt have 1. They ……………………………… (judge) him so quickly. He was innocent. 2. Amy ……………………………… (apologise) to Jack after the argument. I’m glad to see they’re still friends. 3. Daniel ……………………………… (offend) his brother. He’d never do anything to hurt him. unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 1. I can’t / couldn’t sleep last night. 2. If we are going to build a bookcase, we must / could follow the instructions carefully. 3. Can / May you help me find my keys? 4. Don’t touch the vase. You need to / might break it. 22 Choose the correct continuation for each sentence. 1. He’s got a job interview tomorrow. a. He should dress appropriately. b. He may dress according to his mood. 2. There’s no film review in the newspaper. a. The reporter may forget to send it. 5 b. The reporter must have forgotten to send it. 3. Do you know why Sara is so angry with her brother? a. He might offend her. b. He might have offended her. 7. I ……………………… open this bottle. It’s stuck tight. 8. You ……………………… take me to the station. I’ll take a taxi. 25 Choose the correct answer. 23 Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Use the 1. You burnt the rice. You … watched the stove. a. must have a. must have a. might not have a. might have b. would have b. would have b. shouldn’t have b. would have c. should have c. should have c. could have c. should have 2. She … lost her way. She’s never this late. 3. He … told her he didn’t like her new hairstyle. 4. I … visited Lucy, but I didn’t know she was ill. 5. He … heard the phone ring, because he was listening to music on his MP4. a. couldn’t have a. must have b. wouldn’t have b. would have c. shouldn’t have c. might have 6. He … called you but I don’t remember. modals below. Make any necessary changes. be able to • might not • should • may • mustnʼt • not have to 1. Guardiola communicates well because he ……………………… (speak) three languages. 2. You……………………… (smoke) inside Irish pubs. It’s against the law. 3. I ……………………… (go) to lunch early today, but perhaps not. 4. Lucy ……………………… (leave) yet. There is plenty of time until the last bus. 5. It’s our fault Max missed the party. We ……………………… (tell) him about it earlier. 6. If the taxi is late, you ……………………… (get) to the airport on time. 24 Complete the sentences with the modals below. ought to • could • shouldnʼt • mustnʼt • neednʼt • must • canʼt • might 1. You ……………………… drive above the speed limit. 2. We ……………………… leave at once. It’s dangerous to stay here. 3. ……………………… you lend me your pen for a minute, please? 4. You ……………………… have cut your hair. Long hair suits you. 5. He ……………………… take time off from studying next year, but he’s still not certain. 6. We ……………………… phone Judy and tell her we’re not coming. She’s waiting for us. unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 26 Complete the sentences using a suitable modal perfect and the correct form of the verb in brackets. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. Mary ignored Bob all evening. She …………………………… (not treat) him that way. 2. Sandra …………………………… (take) her driving test sooner, but she got scared at the last minute. 3. I’m not sure, but I think I …………………………… (not give) the spare key to the babysitter. 6 4. He …………………………… (not forget) to buy me a birthday present, because I reminded him every day. 5. Your parents …………………………… (be) very worried when you didn’t call them to say you had arrived. 28 Rewrite the sentences with the modals below. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. mustnʼt • canʼt • should • might • must • can • have to 1. I recommend that you get a haircut. ..... 2. It’s possible that the aeroplane will arrive late. ..... 3. Do you know how to read Japanese? ..... 4. Students aren’t allowed to stay out after 10.00 pm. ..... 5. Are dogs required to wear a collar in this town? ..... 6. I’m sure his parents are rich. They just bought him an expensive boat. ..... 7. This isn’t my car. Mine is a dark blue. ... 27 Rewrite the following sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the sentences. 1. I regret that I didn’t learn to swim when I was younger. (should) 2. There’s no need for you to go out in this weather. (have) 3. Tony knows how to do amazing juggling tricks. (can) 4. You’re not allowed to ride your bicycle here. (must) 5. I advise you not to waste all your money. (should) 6. There’s a possibility it will snow tomorrow. (may) 7. Do you feel like playing a game of chess? (would) 8. Is it possible for me to borrow your bike? (could) 29 Complete the sentences with the modal perfects below and the correct form of the verbs in brackets. You will need to use one modal perfect twice. shouldnʼt have • could have • might have • should have • must have • would have 1. I’m not sure where my mother is. She …………………………… (go) to visit her sister. 2. You …………………………… (remind) me about the party. I completely unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 7 forgot about it. 3. The garden’s all wet. It …………………………… (rain) last night. 4. We …………………………… (take) the car but we preferred to walk. 5. You …………………………… (wash) my jeans after you wore them. 6. Mary won’t talk to me now. I …………………………… (shout) at her. 7. She …………………………… (get) tickets for the show, but there weren’t any left. 31 Rewrite the sentences in italics without changing their meaning. Use a modal or modal perfect. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. How did they feel when they got the news? I’m sure they were very upset. ..... 2. I can’t find my calculator. I’d like to use yours. .... 3. Joanna didn’t bring her guitar to the party. Perhaps she didn’t get your message. ..... 4. Gene can paint the house by himself. It’s not necessary for us to help him. ..... 5. You waste too much energy on getting angry. I advise you to stay calm. ..... 6. We took the wrong path. It’s a pity we didn’t check the map first. ..... 30 Rewrite the sentences with suitable modals or modal perfects. There may be more than one correct answer. 1. It was a bad idea for us to book a room at this hotel. .... 2. There’s a chance that my teacher will phone my parents tonight. ..... 3. Jill is sure she left her umbrella in that shop. ..... 4. You’ve got no reason to read your daughter’s post. ..... 5. Deidre didn’t know how to repair her bike. ..... 6. That’s definitely not Andy. ..... 7. We’re not allowed to touch anything in the shop. ..... unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 8 8 1. 1 1. can 2. could 3. couldn’t 4. was able to 5. couldn’t 6. can’t should have called 4. may snow 5. won’t have to do 6. couldn’t have been 2. needn’t have brought 3. can’t read 9 1. must have heard of her 2 1. can’t 2. might 3. might not 4. must 5. can’t 6. might 2. we should / ought to invite the Browns for coffee 3. was able to work until his injuries stopped him / couldn’t work because of his injuries 4. should have asked for your permission 3 1. might be late 2. you must wear a helmet 3. didn’t need to bring food with us 4. can’t have written 5. might be waiting for us 6. didn’t need to clean the flat 7. might not have received 8. would like a cup of tea 9. can’t be jogging in this weather 10. has to be on my desk tomorrow morning 11. you’d better sit down 12. it must have a terrible experience for you. 10 1. must 2. should 3. isn’t able to 4. don’t have to 2. b 3. a 4. b 5. ought to 6. could 11 12 1. a 1. must 2. may 3. can’t 4. should 5. could 4 1. need 2. needn’t 3. needn’t 4. didn’t need 13 1. ought to 2. might 3. mustn’t 4. needn’t 5. have to 6. couldn’t 5 1. can’t 2. have to 3. ought to 4. needn’t 5. mustn’t 6 1. a 7 1. 14 3. a 4. b 5. a 1. needn’t have 2. must have 3. shouldn’t have 4. could have 2. b couldn’t have written 2. could / may / must have drunk 3. should have left 4. may / might have told unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 9 15 1. could / should have sent 2. should have come 3. might not / couldn’t have gone 4. must / might / could have left 5. shouldn’t / needn’t have got 21 1. couldn’t 2. must 3. can 4. might 22 1. a 2. b 3. b 16 1. could read 2. must remember 3. shouldn’t have bought 4. might become 5. couldn’t have looked 6. must have eaten 23 1. is able to speak 2. mustn’t smoke 3. may go 4. doesn’t have to leave 5. should have told 6. might not get 17 1. ought to 2. could 3. can 4. may 5. must 6. doesn’t have to 24 1. mustn’t 2. must 3. could 4. shouldn’t 5. might 6. ought to 7. can’t 8. needn’t 25 1. c 2. a 3. b 4. b 5. a 6. c 7. might 8. need to 9. have to 18 1. should have 2. can 3. ought to 4. should 5. can 6. mustn’t 26 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. shouldn’t have treated could have taken might / may not have given couldn’t have forgotten must have been 19 1. shouldn’t have judged 2. must have apologised 3. couldn’t have offended 4. might have made 5. should have worn 27 1. I should have learned to swim when I was younger. 2. You don’t have to go out in this weather. 3. Tony can do amazing juggling tricks. 10 20 1.a 2.a 3.b 4. b 5.b unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto! 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. You mustn’t ride your bicycle here. You shouldn’t waste all your money. It may snow tomorrow. Would you like to play a game of chess? Could I borrow your bike? 31 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. They must have been very upset. Can / Could I use yours? She may / might not have got your message. We don’t have to help him. You should stay calm. We should have checked the map first. 28 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. You should get a haircut. The aeroplane might arrive late. Can you read Japanese? Students mustn’t stay out after 10.00 pm. Do dogs have to wear a collar in this town? His parents must be rich. This can’t be my car. 29 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. might have gone should have reminded must have rained could have taken should have washed shouldn’t have shouted would have got 30 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. We shouldn’t have booked a room at this hotel. My teacher may / might phone my parents tonight. Jill must have left her umbrella in that shop. You shouldn’t read your daughter’s post. Deidre couldn’t repair her bike. That can’t be Andy. We mustn’t touch anything in the shop. 11 unit 5. FICHA DE CASA. j. prieto!