History

DAMODARAM SANJIVAYYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITYVISAKHAPATNAM, A.P., INDIA PROJECT TITLE HOME RULE MOVEMENT SUBJECT HISTORY NAME OF THE FACULTY VISWACHANDRA NATH MADHASU M.KRISHNA KOUSIKI 2 ND SEMESTER, 2014065 SECTION A 1 BIBILOGRAPHY………………………………………………………………………. DECLINE OF HOME RULE MOVEMENT ………………………………………… 16 11... TILAK’S HOME RULE LEAGUE …………………………………………………. CONCLUSION…………………………………………………………………………. ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………… 4 2. INFLUENCE OF GANDHI ON HOME RULE MOVEMENT IN INDIA……….TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. ANNIE BESANT’S HOME RULE MOVEMENT………………………………….. 8.. 6 3. ACHIVEMENTS BY HOME RULE MOVEMENT………………………………… 15 13 13 10. 16 12. 8 5. WAS HOME RULE LEAGUE A LIGHT IN THE DARK TUNNEL……………… 9. 9 6. OBJECTIVES OF HOME RULE MOVEMENT…………………………………. CERTIFICATE 2 18 . INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………………………………. HISTORY……………………………………………………………………………… 6 4. 10 7.. PLACE: Vishakhapatnam. The project is free from any plagiarism issue. (Signature of the student) Roll no: 2014065 Semester-2 Section-A ABSTRACT The Home Rule Movement was the Indian response to the First World War in a less charged but a more effective way than the response of Indians living abroad which took the form of the 3 .TITLE OF SUBJECT: HISTORY NAME OF FACULTY: VISWACHANDRA NATH. M I KRISHNA KOUSIKI hereby declares that this project case study: HOME RULE MOVEMENT. I have duly acknowledged all the sources from which the ideas and extracts have been taken. Submitted by me is an original work undertaken by me. The Indian Home Rule Leagues were organised on the lines of the Irish Home Rule Leagues and they represented the emergence of a new trend of aggressive politics. But the good idea was not accepted. Annie Besant and Tilak were the pioneers of this new trend. By referring the books available in library regarding this topic 4 . She clearly gave a signal of fighting for a change. The meaning of war for a common man was increased dacoity on his pocket by the government so. Annie launched the Home Rule League. modeling demands for India on Irish models. the common man was ready to join any movement or protest against the Government. Tilak proposed that the congress should small and cohesive working committee to carry out its daily functions. not in a position of organizing mass protests. public meetings and agitations. After returning from Mandalay. Objectives of the Home Rule League movement ? HYPOTHESIS Major topics will be discussed in detail in my main project.romantic Ghadr adventure. so that the Congress is transformed to a real political party. unlike the Congress which croaked once a year. Was Home Rule League a light in the dark tunnel? 3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 1. The result was that she was able to mobilize the demonstrations and organize demonstrations. In September 1915. The type of project is doctrinal type. But India lacked a solid political front and congress was just a deliberate functionary. For the first time. Indian Home Rule League & Home Rule League 2. India saw a political party that was to work all year round. KRISHNA KOUSIKI 2ND SEMESTER 2014065 INTRODUCTION Though Indians gave support to the British in their own efforts some Indians were doubtful of British keeping promises after war. This project is avoided from any plagiarism issues. a mass agitation could not be carried 5 . I will also take the guidance of concern faculty. At that time. Hence even when the war was in progress an agitation demanding for self government was launched. SUBMITTED BY M.and other net sources. a pressure group formed in 1870 and led by Isaac Butt. HISTORY Most Indians and Indian political leaders had been divided in their response to World War I and the Indian soldiers fighting on behalf of the British Empire against Germany. two home rule leagues were started in 1915. 6 . while moderates and liberals backed the war. the loose association re-constituted itself as a full political party. many of whom were from an Irish aristocratic or gentry Church of Ireland background.blogspot. such as Sir John Gray MP. The two home rule leagues carried out intensive propaganda all over the country in favour of the demand for the grant of home rule or self – government in India after the war. to the embarrassment of Butt and frustration of successive British governments.out under the leadership of Indian National Congress (I. The issue divided India's political classes and left the increasing demand for self-government going nowhere. the Home Rule League. 3:00PM. which became very passive organization without any political work among the people to its credit. the AustroHungarian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. Therefore. and in the 1874 general election.C). 1916 outside the organizational frame-work of the I. 1 http://indianhistorynet. it won 59 seats. The latter's involvement irked India's Muslims. Because of this the party rapidly became divided.in/2010/06/home-rule-movement-in-india.C. On 18–21 November 1873. 23/3/2015.N. and other more radical members who gathered around Cavan MP Joseph Biggar and Meath MP Charles Stewart Parnell. who saw the Sultan as the Caliph of Islam. Many Indian revolutionaries opposed the war. One league was started under the leadership of BALAGANGADHAR TILAK and the other under the leadership of ANNIE BESANT. between the less committed members of Parliament.html.N. This radical wing of the party launched parliamentary filibusters to obstruct the passage of Parliamentary business. In that period however it was not a political party in a cohesive sense but a loose alliance of home ruleleaning Irish politicians. a Dublin barrister who had once been a leading Irish Tory before becoming a convert to Irish nationalism. The leagues made rapid progress and the cry of home rule resounded throughout the length and breadth of India. The Home1 Rule League grew out of the Home Government Association. some newly dedicated former Irish Liberal Party members. which all sought an active political movement. Central provinces. Gujarat. Annie Besant.Following Butt's death in 1879. Orissa as well as Madras. Punjab. In 1882. 2:00PM.blogspot. Tilak founded the first League in the city of Poona (now Pune).in/2010/06/home-rule-movement-in-india. Calcutta and Madras. The leaders of the League gave fiery speeches. or self-government within the British Empire for all of India. William Shaw served as chairman (leader) for one parliamentary session. notably the Irish Liberal Party and the Irish Conservative Party. became more radical. Sir S. who had been allied since the 1916 Lucknow Pact. the party increased its number of seats. OBJECTIVES OF HOME RULE MOVEMENT 2 http://indianhistorynet. and petitions with hundreds of thousands of Indians as signatories were submitted to British authorities. decided to organize a national alliance of leagues across India. though not completely. With the League's national headquarters in Delhi. Parnell was elected chairman of the party. Khaparde. 23/3/2015. when the war was gradually approaching an end.Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Unification of moderates and radicals as well as unity between Muslim League and Indian National Congress was a remarkable achievement of Mrs Annie Besant. It largely. himself a Protestant. Between 1916 and 1918. and Catholic. Bihar. Bal Gangadhar Tilak. squeezed out other political rivals. Later when government arrested Annie Besant in 1917 the movement actually spread out and made its impact in interior villages of India. prominent Indians like Joseph Baptista. specifically to demand Home Rule. middle class. as part of a wholesale move from being an informal alliance to a cohesive unified.Maharashtra. United Provinces. and attracted many members of the Indian National Congress and the All India Muslim League. Subramania Iyer and the leader of the Theosophical Society.html. G. The party under Parnell. the main cities of activity were Bombay. The move created considerable excitement at the time. In 1880. and in the 1880 general election. political movement Parnell renamed it the Irish Parliamentary Party to pursue Irish Home Rule2. S. The League spread political awareness in new areas like Sindh. 7 . Tilak who had returned to politics in 1914 after completing his term of imprisonment tried to join hands with the congress on the issue of demanding "Home Rule" for India. She had established a Home Rule League in London in 1914 and finally founded a Home Rule League on 15 September 1916 with its headquarters at Adyar near Madras. She later joined the congress. the Hindus and the Muslims and the other that of bringing about gradual reforms which resulted in passing of the Act of 1909. there remained lull in Indian politics for some time the moderates had reluctantly agreed to cooperate with the government. This was the opportune time to force Britain to agree to the Indian demand for extracting political concessions out of British difficulties. 8 . Yet. When the First World War began the Indian National Congress supported the government in its war efforts with the expectation that the British government would grant some reforms to the Indians after the war. The outbreak of the First World War gave a new impetus to the national movement. Annie Besant. 7:00pm.With the rise of extremism and revolutionary movements. B. The founding of the Muslim League in 1906 and the insertion of the Communal Electorate system in the Act of 1909 discredited the Government in the eyes of all Indians. an Irish lady had come to India as a member of the Theosophical Society. They were greatly influenced by the emergence of the Irish Home Rule Movement under the leadership of Issac Butt. While Tilak's Home 3 http://www.com/on-this-day/1-august-1916-annie-besant-starts-the-home-rule- league. Due to the British allergy to the word 'swaraj' Tilak decided to use the term 'Home Rule' in place of swaraj as the goal of the movement. 24/3/2015. the British government adopted twoedged policy. Mrs. But the extremists considered this as a God sent opportunity and decided to advance their own cause. One that of pursuing the policies of repression and dividing the Indians particularly. The object of this Home3 Rule League was to "attain Home-Rule or self government within the British Empire by all constitutional means and to educate and organise public opinion in the country towards the attainment of the same.mapsofindia. But when he failed to do that. he started the Home Rule League in 28th April 1916 with headquarters at Poona.G. Both the leagues cooperated with each other and therefore divided among themselves their areas of activities. while the Home Rule League of Annie Besant came into existence in September that year. They tried to spread the message through newspapers. Besant's League worked in the rest of the country. Indian home rule league 2. while Home Rule League had to work in all India except Maharastra and Central Provinces. They are 1. The movement aimed that self-government be granted to India within the British dominions during the course of the war. TILAK’S HOME RULE MOVEMENT5 4 http://www. Both Tilak and Besant toured all over the country and carried out the message of the Home Rule among the masses. Thus. It was within constitutional limits.winentrance. 7:00pm. Tilak through young India and Besant through New India and common weal tried to stir the popular sentiment. So the home rule league was divided into two different leagues led by two different leaders.historydiscussion.html. 5 http://www. Karnataka. mass meetings and distribution of leaflets.Rule League confined its operations to Maharastra.net/history-of-india/how-dr-annie-besant-was-responsible-for- the-home-rule-movement-in-india/2583. the Indian Home Rule league had to work in Maharastra and Central Provinces. 24/3/2015. 23/3/2015. 7:00PM. As per a common informal understanding between the two leaders. while those of the Indian Home Rule league were Kesari and Maratha. The movement attracted liberal Readers like Motilal Nehru and Tej Bahadur Sapru who became its members. Commonweal and New India were the papers of Home Rule League. Home rule league Indian Home Rule League and Home Rule League were not simultaneously launched by Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant. Indian Home Rule League 4 of Tilak was launched in April 1916. the Home Rule Movement became a powerful movement during the course of the First World War. 9 .com/general_knowledge/history/home-rule-movement-india. Madhya Pradesh and Berar. They have a right to do so. Telugu and Kanarese provinces . but have. He returned to India very different to the one he had been banished from. the pace of our political progress. Bal Gangadhar Tilak was released after serving a prison sentence of six years.evident and clear. in my opinion. was a necessary pre-condition for the success of any political action. They were. and the disillusionment of the Moderates with the constitutional reforms of 1909. as the Irish Home-rulers have been doing in Ireland. that had come to symbolize the Indian national movement. as well as to stave off any possible government repression. aid I have no hesitation in saying that the acts of violence which had been committed in the different Parts of India are not only repugnant to me. he publicly declared: I may state once for all that we are trying in India. To conciliate the Moderates and convince them of his bonafides. Aurobindo Ghose. for a reform of the system of administration and not for the overthrow of Government. Annie Besant. The people of India must get this affected. and Lala Lajpat Rai was away in the United States of America. Tilak promoted the Home Rule campaign with a tour of Maharashtra and through his lectures clarified and popularized the demand for Home Rule ‘India was like a son who had grown up and attained maturity it was right now that the trustee or the father should give him what was his due. the firebrand of the Swadeshi days. Many of the Moderate leaders of the Congress were also unhappy with the choice they had made in 1907 at Surat. and also with the fact that the Congress had lapsed into almost total inactivity.The principle that education should be given through the vernaculars is self. into the Indian National Congress. therefore. the heavy government repression of the activists of the Swadeshi Movement.’ He also linked up the question of Swaraj with the demand for the formation of linguistic states and education in the vernacular. who had just joined the Indian National Congress and was keen to arouse nationalist political activity.On 16 June 1914. Tilak initially concentrated all his attention on seeking readmission. He was obviously convinced that the sanction of this body. quite sympathetic to Tilak’s overtures.” He further assured the Government of his loyalty to the Crown and urged all Indians to assist the British Government in its hour of crisis. most of which he had spent in Mandalay in Burma. for himself and other Extremists. they were under considerable pressure from Mrs. to admit the Extremists. only unfortunately retarded to a great extent. Do the English educate their people through the French language? Do Germans do it through English or 10 . had taken sanyas in Pondicherry. Further. The Indian National Congress had yet to recover from the combined effects of the split at Surat in 1907. ‘Form one separate state each for Marathi. and two in Berar. but between the educated and the non-educated.html. Tilak declared: ‘If a God were to tolerate untouchability. of which 47.com/general_knowledge/history/home-rule-movement-india. ‘He who does what is beneficial to the people of this country. I am sure that in times to come their agitation.winentrance. he told V.000 copies were sold. the Government hit back. His stand on the question of non-Brahmin representation and on the issue of untouchability demonstrated that he was no casteist either.html. Alienness is certainly not concerned with white or black skin or re1igion. the demand for Home Rule was made on a wholly secular basis. Brahmins were ahead of others in jobs because they were more educated.com/general_knowledge/history/home-rule-movement-india. and it chose a particularly auspicious day for the blow. and Central Provinces. 7:00PM. Bombay city. 7:00PM. As soon as the movement for Home Rule 7 began to gather steam.B. Pamphlets were brought out in Gujarati and Kannada as well. was forced to look to the needs of the administration and give jobs to Brahmins.the Turks through French?’ At the Bombay Provincial Conference in 1915.’ It is clear that the Lokamanya had no trace of regional or linguistic Marathi chauvinism. I would not recognize him as God at all. will merge into our struggle.’ To the non-Brahmins. is not alien.winentrance. in spite of its sympathy for non-Brahmins and hostility towards Brahmins. one each in Central Maharashtra. 23/3/2015. Karnataka. 7 http://www. 6 http://www. that we are wholly on their side in their demands from the Government. now based on social inequality. Alur who got up to support his condolence resolution on Gokhale’s death: ‘Speak in Kannada to establish the right of Kannada language. 11 . When the non-Brahmins in Maharashtra sent a separate memorandum to the Government dissociating themselves from the demands of the advanced classes. be he a Muhammedan or an Englishman. ‘Alienness’ has to do with interests. urged those who opposed this to be patient: ‘If we can prove to the non-Brahmins.’ Nor can we discern in his speeches of this period any trace of religious appeal. At a conference for the removal of untouchability. by example. he explained that the real difference was not between Brahmin and non-Brahmin. The British were aliens not because they belonged to another religion but because they did not act in the Indian interest.’ Tilak’s League furthered its propaganda efforts by publishing six Marathi and two English pamphlets. 23/3/2015. Tilak6. and the Government. The League was organized into six branches. Gandhiji’s Young India summed up the popular feeling: ‘Thus. While in India. this was the best gift he could have wanted for his birthday. ANNIE BESANT’S HOME RULE MOVEMENT8 On 1 August 1916. By April 1917 Tilak had enlisted 14. New Zealand and Newfoundland then.000 members. 8:00pm. Tilak was defended by a team of lawyers led by Mohammed Au Jinnah. Annie Besant was a British theosophist. The victory was hailed all over the country.Government offered him their own present: a notice asking him to show cause why he should not be bound over for good behavior for a period of one year and demanding securities of Rs. writer and orator who supported Indian and Irish home rule. Annie Besant went on to establish the All India Home Rule League. a dispute between the American section of the society led to them setting up an independent organization. For Tilak. a great victory has been won for the cause of Home Rule which has. thus. South Africa. 60. Besant spent most of her time on the betterment of society and even towards India’s freedom struggle. 12 .000. women’s rights activist. been freed from the chains that were sought to be put upon it. to a middle-class Irish family. Annie Besant launched the Home Rule League. Canada.’ Repression was sure to fan the fire of revolt. He lost the case in the Magistrate’s Court but was exonerated by the High Court in November. which was a political organization which aimed at self-government. Born in London on 1 October 1847. ‘Home Rule will now spread like wildfire. ‘The Lord is with us. 8 India’s Struggle for Independence/pdf. termed as “Home Rule”. such as countries like Australia. Annie Besant along with Henry Steel Olcott led the original society which is even today based in Chennai and is known as the Theosophical Society Adyar. Besant became a part of the Theosophical Society and went to India. Annie Besant was extremely aware of her Irish heritage from young age and supported the cause of Irish home rule throughout her life. In 1893.” Tilak immediately pushed home the advantage by proclaiming in his public speeches that Home Rule now had the sanction of the Government and he and his colleagues intensified their propaganda campaign for Home Rule. 10/3/15. The league wanted to secure for India the statue of a dominion within the British Empire. After the division of the society.’ he said. com/history/home-rule-league-movement-in-india/23245/. including his lifestyle. By 1920 the Home Rule League elected Gandhi as its President and within a year from then it would merge into the Indian National Congress forming a united political front. Members of the league were powerful orators and petitions of thousands of Indians were submitted to the British authorities. 4:00PM. but was founded on Besant’s Theosophical contacts. The popularity of the Home Rule League also began declining with the coming of the Satyagraha Movement by Mahatma Gandhi.Besant league had an All India character.auromusic. 8:30pm.org/online%20books/towardsfreedom/towardsfreedom_kittu_7.000 to 12.htm. respect for Indian culture and love for the common people of the country. The Mahatma’s mantra of non-violence and large scale civil disobedience appealed to India’s common people. it was set up in 1916 and reached its zenith in 1917 with 27. also distributing pamphlets educating people of what they sought to achieve through this movement. INFLUENCE OF GANDHI ON HOME RULE MOVEMENT IN INDIA10 During this period. Mahatma Gandhi gained significant response from the people with his nonviolent forms of protests and movements. following the arrest of Annie Besant. particularly with Satyagraha and the civil disobedience 9 http://www. the movement gained strength and made its presence felt in India’s rural areas. Kheda and Gujarat up in a successful revolt against the government. which eventually raised him to the position of a national hero.yourarticlelibrary. Bihar an Orissa. The Home Rule League organized discussions and lectures and set up reading rooms. By late 1917 Annie Besant was highly influenced by Montagu’s promise of a “responsible government” and it wasn’t long before she became his loyal follower. 10 http://www. comprising of government employees and industrial workers. 10/3/15.000 people at the Shantaram Chawl area. In 1917. 13 .000 members. Gandhi led Bihar. The Home9 Rule League had 2600 members in Mumbai and held meetings attended by 10. The league was also responsible for creating a political awareness in areas like Sindh. Gujarat. United Provinces. 15/3/2015. Kheda. Gandhi single-handedly transformed India's political scenario along with the alteration of views and activities of the Indian National Congress. WAS HOME RULE LEAGUE A LIGHT IN THE DARK TUNNEL11 We see that the period between1909 to 1915 was the lowest in the national movement. it was the Home Rule League which not only showed positive attitude towards masses but also prevented them from being alienated from the mainstream. The two things must be noted here:  Home Rule League dropped ideas of extremist’s mass movement but continued their idea  of passive resistance Home Rule League dropped the idea of mendicancy of the moderates but continued their concept of patriotism. This decreased the growth and pace of the home rule movement and thus delayed its activities. as they preferred discussions and negotiations with the British administration. Home Rule League was able to combine and balance all the three trends viz. and Mohammad Ali Jinnah. when the British suppression led to a vacuum of ideology and leadership.movement. Eventually. Mahatma Gandhi was elected as the president of the All India Home Rule League and within the next year it combined with the Indian National Congress to form a unified national political body. conflicted with Gandhi's vision. moderates. gained him much recognition and propelled him to the position of a national hero. at that time had emphasized more on awareness through journals like commonweal. They 11 http://browseindianhistory. Gujarat and Champaran.in/2012/02/home-rule-movement-1914.blogspot. Gandhi's approach was well received by the common people and his admiration for Indian culture made him well renowned all over the nation. Annie Besant. 14 . and revolutionary terrorists. extremists. Most of the national leaders. like Bal Gangadhar Tilak. 1:00PM. Under these circumstances. India. Gandhi's focus was on the numerous rural people who were suffering more than the educated urban people. It’s worth note that both Home Rule League and Home Rule League. Maratha etc.html. 13/3/2015. His protests for improvement of the farmers of Bihar. Bipin Chandra Pal. The Congress became directionless and mass movement lost the direction. Lala Lajpat Rai. At the climax of its activities in 1917. under the leadership of the Mahatma. the main cities of activity were Bombay. Despite the banner of All India Home Rule League. The August 1917 declaration of Montagu and the Montford reforms were influenced by the Home Rule agitation. The All India Home league ended in 1920. It prepared the masses for politics of the Gandhian style. Home Rule League helped to restore the movement which was derailed movement. Annie was arrested under the Defense of India Act.000. it entered its truly mass phase. the combined membership of both the leagues was around 40. The Annie Besant’s league worked for rest of India. It created an organizational link between the town and the country. With its national headquarters in Delhi. she flew a red and green flag in the garden. Central provinces and Berar. Therefore. The Home Rule Leagues also created organizational links between town and country which were to prove invaluable in later years. Calcutta and Madras. and making it a common place thing. Mohammad Ali Jinnah headed up the League’s Bombay Branch. it generated a widespread pronationalist atmosphere in the country.tried to restore the confidence of the Indians against British suppression. when within a year it merged into the Indian National Congress. Mass protests began and American President Wilson intervened for her release. which was to prove crucial in later years when the movement entered its mass phase in a true sense.  In June 1917. It created a generation of ardent nationalists. 15 . by popularizing the idea of Home Rule or selfgovernment. The movement shifted the emphasis from the educated elite to the masses and permanently deflected the movement from the course mapped by the Moderates. ACHIVEMENTS BY HOME RULE MOVEMENT12 The tremendous achievement of the Home Rule Movement and its legacy was that it created a generation of ardent nationalists who formed the backbone of the national movement in the coming years when.com. demanded greater political representation and self government and maintained the principles of congress. And further. Tilak founded the first League in Poona. Carnatic.mapsofindia. there were two leagues one by Tilak that worked in Bombay Presidency. To show her defiance. when it elected Mahatma Gandhi as its President. 10/3/2015. 10:00AM. 12 www. MontaguChelmsford reforms which became known in July 1918 further divided the nationalist ranks. With Besant unable to give a positive lead and Tilak away in England. Declaration of Montagu and the Montford Reforms were influenced by the Home Rule League agitation. Montague Declaration of 1917-Greatest political achievement. widely disseminated the idea of Swaraj via the journals. It organized congress13 party when it was decaying. 17/3/2015. It created organizational links between town and country. Tilak had to go abroad (September 1918) in connection with a case while Annie Besant vacillated over her response to the reforms and the techniques of passive resistance. 7:00PM 16 . The most important contribution of the movement was that it kept alive Indian nationalism during the course of the First World War. After Montague declaration in 1917. It discredited moderates of INC and created condition for readmission of Neo-Nationalists in 1916. Besant had dropped her league but not Tilak.government as the long-term goal of the British rule in India) and Besant’s release.html. It revived the old lost confidence of the Indians and created a generation of ardent nationalists. CONCLUSION 13 http://www.infoplease. something which was followed even by Gandhi. The popularity of the Home Rule League also began declining with the coming of the Satyagraha Movement by Mahatma Gandhi. It infused the Congress with new strength and vigour. Communal riots were witnessed during 1917-18. Talk of passive resistance by the Extremists kept the Moderates off from activity from September 1918 onwards. DECLINE OF HOME RULE MOVEMENT There was a lack of effective organisation.com/encyclopedia/history/home-rule. It popularized concept of home rule. The movement marks the beginning for attainment of Swaraj. For the first time. The Moderates who had joined the Congress after Besant’s arrest were pacified by talk of reforms (contained in Montagu’s statement of August 1917 which held self. the movement was left leaderless.Tilak’s and Besant’s efforts in the Moderate-Extremist reunion at Lucknow (1916) revived the Congress as an effective instrument of Indian nationalism. It lent a new dimension and a sense of urgency to the national movement. As the Home Rule League became very popular and grew in its strength. The Government had no patience with the agitators. he was the rallying point for almost all those who had been awakened to politics by the Home Rule Movement. Naturally. Robert Anderson. Michael F. they decided to curb the tendency of the students to identify themselves with political movements and take part in its activities. were looking for a means of expressing themselves through effective political action. Annie Besant and Tilak gave inspiring lead to Home Rule Movement. The stage was thus set for the entry of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The Bombay Government imposed restriction on the movement and activities of Tilak. McDonnell. in 1918. when he gave a call for a Satyagraha to protest against the obnoxious ‘Rowlatt’ Act. The Home Rule League raised the slogan of Swadeshi. The movement gathered momentum with lightening speed. the new generation of nationalists aroused to political awareness and impatient with the pace of change. BIBILOGRAPHY  Ireland and the Home Rule Movement.By the end of the First World War. Ahmedabad and Kheda. the government of Madras passed orders to prevent them from entering into politics. particularly when it was involved in war on the fields of Europe. National education and home rule of India. were unable to show the way forward. J. 17 .  Irish Home Rule. And in March 1919. the government was alarmed. The leaders of the Home Rule League. Action was also taken by the Madras Government against Annie Besant. Alan O'Day. a man who had already made a name for himself with his leadership of the struggle of Indians in South Africa and by leading the struggles of Indian peasants and workers in Champaran. who themselves were responsible for bringing them to this point. 1867-1921.  Sidelights on the Home Rule Movement.  India's freedom struggle.P. Richard I. Bipan Chandra. Nandalal Chatterji.  Sidelights on the Home Rule Movement. 18 . the Forerunner of India's Freedom Struggle. Pradhan. A. Bhagwat & G. Cashman. Lokmanya Tilak – A Biography.  Lokmanya Tilak: Symbol of Swaraj. Robert Anderson. Gouripada Chatterji.  India's Struggle for Independence.K.  Midnapore. Sorab Ghaswalla  The Myth of the Lokmanya: Tilak and Mass Politics in Maharashtra.