CONTENTTITLE APPRECIATION OBJECTIVE HERBARIUM WEEDS WEEDS FAMILY 20 SPECIMEN OF HERBARIUM SUMMARY REFERENCES APPRECIATION Assalammualaikum,firstly I want to say Alhamdulillah to god because with the permission of Allah I have successfully finishing my herbarium assignment without any problem. For this part one assignment, I have working hard and try my best make sure that I can finishing this work and submit it on the date that have been stated. I also want to say a thousand of thanks to my parent because they give supported to me since I started studying here. To completed this assignment, they always give me a spirit to make this herbarium assignment successfully done. This appreciation also tomy lecturer, Miss Nor Saleha Bt. Md Saleh ,the most important person that are responsible of the AGR109 assignment for 2010 session. A thousand of thanks for you because give me important point and introduce way how to make this herbarium assignment. I can¶t imagined what would happen if without all your knowledge. From your given information, I have done my assignment earlier from the expected date. Before I forget, I want to say a lot of thankful to my friends that help me either in direct or indirectly. Lastly, to my entire senior, I appreciate your knowledge and brilliant idea for my herbarium assignment. I will remember all the knowledge that has thought. I appreciate all people who was helps me in completing this Herbarium assignment until it totally done. I will keep your duties always in my memories. Hopefully we can co-operation again next time Insya-Allah. OBJECTIVE From this assignment, I only observed 3 main objectives there is to study about the world of herbarium and way to deal with it, to learn how to prepare a herbarium sheet and to appreciate a god creations. Firstly is to study about the world of herbarium and how to deal with it. Generally, a weed is a plant in an undesired place. It`s only grow as a parasites in a gardens, lawns, or agricultural areas, but also in park and other natural areas. Weeds are known as unwanted plant. For certain area, weeds are important as a legume cover plant or land supporter such as field and fringe of hill. Secondly, the objective for this assignment is learned how to prepare a herbarium sheet. The materials that we need are old newspapers to cover the specimens, old boxes as overlapping for specimen, scissor to cut the boxes, scalpel, and forceps. These materials are important to make the specimen dried completely. The important thing for this preparation is the newspaper must change everyday to prevent the specimens from any infection like fungi or bacteria. The last objective of doing this assignment is to appreciate the god creations and to gain more knowledge about all these kind of weeds that live around UiTM Kuala Pilah. From this, we are able to identify the plants part and know it`s common and scientific name. By that ways, we are tried to improve our lesson and add more knowledge about the plants that live around us. The first aspect is the physical specimen.HERBARIUM Herbarium is a collection of dried and mounted plant specimen used in systematic botany. Next. ferns. mosses (bryophytes). a pair of old boxes is already prepared with four piece of newspaper. If wilt. lichens. it`s must be dried as soon as possible to prevent the specimens become wilt. Other than that. student needs to collect the specimens and clean it`s. grasses. After that. After plants have been collected. . we face a problem to handle it`s when we tried to put the specimens in the newspapers. the newspaper must change everyday to prevent the specimens from any infection like fungi or bacteria. plants ranging from fungi. Lay the specimen on two piece of newspaper and cover the specimen with another two pieces. The specimen must have all the part of plant like root. stem leaf and flower. Use heavy books on the top of old boxes to make the specimen flat and dried faster. and forbs. Herbarium contains a wide range of plants from many different families. place the covered specimen in between a pair of old boxes. There are two aspects of preservation. In making Herbarium. We must always check the specimens until it dried completely. The type of plants that can be used by this way is a weed shrub tree. and the location from which the specimen was collected. It usually take time at least 3 months before it completely dried. The dried specimen can be placed into a clear folder. . It`s must be kept carefully.The second aspect of preservation is maintenance of the information related to the collection of each specimen. This data is important because it show the background of the specimens. family name. For every specimen. date when specimen was collected. We also can frame the specimen and covered with plastic to prevent from insect or dirt. We should include the data for every specimen like it`s scientific name. common name. It can be used as a reference for our next generation. habitat. The specimens that have already done can be reach for long time period. sandbur and Russian thistle. and aesthetic aspect of the land water they infest. Weed prevent and reduce wind . water. common chickweeds. For example. Weed is a part of agriculturalist¶s every day of live. Weeds provide employment for local and transient labor hired to control them. Plants can be defined as weed if they step cultivated useful plant with one aimed into competition around growth factors such as nutrients. economic value. weed adversely affect the use. . weeds are familiar object. depending on one¶s lock. Briefly. In general. ditches and forest. Weeds are controversial plant that are neither all bad all good. They appear and growth quickly to cover unsightly scar in the landscape made by human and nature. purple nut sedge. especially in the spring. lights. field bindweeds. such as downy brome and Russian thistly. provide excellent forage for livestock during certain period of the year. there are not easily to define. quack grass. Some weeds. infesting lawns. sidewalk roadside fencerows. Some plant are readily recognized as weeds due to their general undesirable mess.water erosion of the land. punctured vine. so that the useful plant does not achieve the desired yield. Weeds serve as hoots for insect and disease organism that move onto parasites nearly crops and ornamental plant.WEEDS Weed may be defined as any unwanted plant that¶s growing. Weeds are familiar plant in our environment that is seen. consciously. one shape and dwisex.this type of family contains many appendages. . In fact. Its have 5 rangy with lots of stamen.WEEDS FAMILY MELASTOMACEAE The herbs and shrub trees. They also have more stamen. The flowers are small.the ovary have 3 locul. While its seed not have an endosperm. Mostly . it has single leaves commonly in three (nini). [3(9)] veins and intersect. its microfilm are surrounded by carbuncles. It looks similarly surrounded by µkaliks¶. It is only have one shape and it is also unisex. The flowers looks real. Mostly they have 4 or 5 sepal and rangy. EUPHORBIACEAE These shrub or herbs trees consist of internal and stipule. The fruit like berry or in capsule. Besides. sometimes the fruit consist of 3 or 6 seeds and also contains an endosperm. Besides . The gynesium contains 2 or 3 with one locul or one ovule. . Most of the leaves elongated straight at the origin. They have a joint stem and all its cavity. It leaves growth in trees row. Sometimes the fruit are dwisex and sometimes unisex. The fruit usually hands looks like triangle shape. its contains endosperm and a lot of starch. The stems look like triangle.CYPERACEAE One seasons and perennial herbs trees. It have small flowers which is dwisex and unisex. or perennial grasses and bamboo. the floral is usually support with a pair of glum lemma µa palae¶. In the caryopsis. GRAMINEAE The one . The leaves is definitely elongated. In the young spike.Gynesium are basically have 3 carpel.twice season grasses. Its have 3 or 6 stamen. essence thread 2 or 3 force. Their flowers is supported by a single glum. the ovary has one locul and one ovule. often palmately lobed or compound and palmately veined. most frequently basally connate. The margin may be entire. The stamens are five to numerous. but may also be cauliflorous. The stems contain mucous canals and often also mucous cavities. They can be unisexual or bisexual and are generally actinomorphic. They often bear supernumerary bracts. usually positioned on the sepals. which are often reduced to a single flower. but when dentate a vein ends at the tip of each tooth (malvoid teeth). Stipules are present.MALVACEAE Most species are herbs or shrubs but some are trees and lianas. oppositifolious or terminal. The flowers have nectaries made of many tightly packed glandular hairs. The pistils are composed of two to many connate carpels. but often forming a tube around the pistils. Hairs are common. and are most typically stellate. SELAGINELLACEAE .The flowers are commonly borne in definite or indefinite axillary inflorescences. connate at least at their bases. Five imbricate petals.Leaves are generally alternate. Capitate or lobed stigma. with axial placentation. often associated with conspicuous bracts. They generally have five valvate sepals. The ovary is superior. forming an epicalyx. the spikemosses Selaginellas are creeping or ascendant plants with simple. and have structures called ligules. COMPOSITAE . LYCOPODIACEAE A family of primitive vascular plants. Both the leaves and the leaflets often have wrinkled pulvini to permit nastic movements. occasionally.or oddpinnately compound. serrate. which can be leaf-like. In some species. scale-like leaves on branching stems from which roots also arise. from which the common name derives. They always have stipules. Leaf margins are entire or. They are non-flowering and do not produce seeds. The plants are heterosporous (megaspores and microspores). FABACEAE The leaves are usually alternate and compound. These plants bear spores on specialized structures at the apex of a shoot. Unusually for the lycopods. scale-like outgrowths near the base of the upper surface of each microphyll and sporophyll. thorn-like or be rather inconspicuous. each microphyll contains a branching vascular trace. They are often trifoliate and rarely palmately compound . leaflets have evolved into tendrils. including all of the core clubmosses. Most often they are even. they resemble a tiny battle club. in the Mimosoideae and the Caesalpinioideae commonly bipinnate .Selaginella is a genus of plants in the family Selaginellaceae. e they have 4 or 5 sepals and petals. The non-fleshy petals of the corolla are more or less united. and its flower have 2 sepal. There are 4 or 5 stamens. but a few are dioecious. usually isomerous with the perianth. The plants are mostly monoecious.The one-seeded. Usually the flowers are small. superior or semi-inferior. indehiscent fruit is a thin-fleshed berry or drupe.The herbs and shrub trees. The carpel has one style and one stigma. It is a widespread family belonging to temperate to tropical climates. The flowers are 4. It consists of 35 genera and about 1000 species. The calyx is regular and polysepalous. 5 stamen that grow from rangy. closely overlapping. and exist in dwisex and unisex. or in the leaf axils.merous or 5-merous. The small flowers are arranged in racemose terminal clusters.an inferior ovary and one locul. Its collar looks like chimney. . Myrsinaceae Myrsinaceae is a rather large family from the order Ericales. Sometimes. Sometimes its contains a liquid milk cell. The gynesium contains 2 carpels. i. The floral envelope has a distinct calyx and corolla. The leaves alternate or can be intersect. with the ovary unilocular. The seeds not contains albumen. the head of bouquets involucel looks like have a shape and sometimes unshaped. Acanthaceae The family Acanthaceae (or Acanthus family) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia. is included in Acanthaceae by theAngiosperm Phylogeny Group on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies that show it to be associated with this family. a genus of mangrove tree. with axile placentation. Brazil and Central America. shrubs. The flowers are perfect. at the sea coast and in marine areas. or twining vines. usually placed in Verbenaceae or in its own family. calcium carbonate concretions. zygomorphic to nearly actinomorphic. raceme. on wet fields and valleys. opposite. The calyx is usually 4-5 lobed. hooked stalk (a modified funiculus called a jaculator) that ejects them from the capsule. including dense or open forests. 2-carpellate. some are epiphytes. lobed. or cyme. decussate leaves with entire (or sometimes toothed. Most are tropical herbs. Africa. In most species. . and arranged in an inflorescence that is either a spike. The representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat. thecorolla tubular. in scrublands. or spiny) margins. Typically there is a colorful bract subtending each flower. Avicenniaceae. in some species the bract is large and showy. Tropical genera familiar to gardeners include Thunbergia and Justicia. The fruit is a two-celled capsule. A species well-known to temperate gardeners is Bear's Breeches (Acanthus mollis). dehiscing somewhat explosively. the seeds are attached to a small. and in swamps and as an element of mangrove woods. stamens either 2 or 4 arranged in pairs and inserted on the corolla. and without stipules. Avicennia. a herbaceous perennial plant with big leaves and flower spikes up to 2 m tall. Plants in this family have simple. Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The leaves may contain cystoliths. seen as streaks on the surface. 2-lipped or 5-lobed. and the ovary superior. After finishing this assignment I found that I¶m really achieve the objective of this assignment. Starting from now. Besides. It is very special.t because I had finished my herbarium assignment perfectly by the time given.SUMMARY Alhamdulillah. and their peculiar habitats. but now. I just see it as ordinary grass. I realize that it is not too difficult as my friends thinking. From a started collect the weeds. I realize there are so many types of plant exist in the world. their family.w. . the effect on crop rotation seed quality . they have their own local name. I can determines and specify the particular family name for the grass. Other than that. I¶m very proud in giving fully percent of committing this assignment. I indirectly appreciate to Allah for His creation. From this activity. Before this. I also know that in weeds. this particular assignment also gain me more knowledge that I¶ve never know before. thanks to Allah s. scientific name. I realize that I¶m improving my knowledge about weeds and its function. Now. I can understand more about weeds for example. when I see a grass. From this.the advantages and much more. Of course this kind of assignment is very well in improving their general knowledge and boost up their cleverness in studying process. html 3) HERBARIUM ASSIGMENT LAST SEMESTER.jcu.usda. Kuala Lumpur. 2) INTERNET REFERENCES : http://www-public. Rumpai (panduan berilustrasi) PUBLISHER Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.com/topic/herbarium#Collections_management http://plants. 1944.answers. .au/discovernature/plantfamily/index.gov/index. Mohd Yusof Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.REFERENCE 1) BOOKS REFERENCES : TITLE WRITER Ahmad Azly b.edu.htm http://www. 20 SPECIMEN OF HERBARIUM . STEM LEAVES COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Selaput Tunggul ROOT Mikania micrantha Compositae Wet Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 3 September 2010 . STEM ROOT LEAVES COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Kacang Kanabalia Darat Canovilla maritim Fabaceae Wet Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 3 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM COMMON NAME ROOT Paku Biru Selaginella Selaginellaceae Dry Area SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 4 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Mata Pelanduk Ardisia crispa Myrsinaceae Wet Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 4 September 2010 . STEM LEAVES ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Senduduk Bulu Climedia hirta Melastomaceae Wet Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 5 September 2010 . STEM LEAVES ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Hempedu Bumi Andrographis paniculata Acanthaceae Wet Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 5 September 2010 . STEM ROOT LEAVES COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Paku Serani Lycopodium cerranum Lycopodiaceae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 6 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Dukung Anak Phyllantus amarus Euphorbiaceae Wet Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 8 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Pokok Kapal Terbang Chromolaera odorata Compositae Dry Area ROOT LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 8 September 2010 . LEAVES FLOWER STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Kancing Baju Tridax procumbent Compositae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 9 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Sedaguri Sida acuta Malvaceae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 9 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Kelutut Urena lobata Malvaceae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 9 September 2010 . FLOWERS STEM LEAVES ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Rumput Telur Belalang Sporobolus diander Gramineae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 7 September 2010 . FLOWERS STEM LEAVES ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Rumput Payung Terjun Eupatorium odoratum Compositae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 7 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Rumput Tahi Ayam Ageratum conyzoides Compositae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 6 September 2010 . FLOWER S LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Rumput Bunga Jauh Cyperus distans Cyperaceae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 6 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Hairy Spurge Chamaesyce hirta Euphorbiaceae Wet Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 6 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Senduduk Melastoma malabathricum Melastomaceae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 7 September 2010 . LEAVES STEM ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Rumput Gandar Cyperus aromaticus Cyperaceae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 9 September 2010 . FLOWERS STEM LEAVES ROOT COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NAME HABITAT Rumput Hakisan Rhynchelytrum repens Gramineae Dry Area LOCATION FOUND Uitm Kuala Pilah DATE FOUND 7 September 2010 . 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