E2HEAT BALANCE TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE (KIRLOSKAR) AIM To conduct heat balance test on Diesel Engine to prepare a heat balance sheet. SPECIFICATIONS: Engine make: Kirloskar AV1 B.H.P = 5H.P R.P.M = 1500 Diameter of brake drum =300mm Orifice Diameter =20 mm PRECAUTIONS 1. Fuel and lubricating oil are checked and if needed they are to be supplied. 2. Cooling water inlet and outlet for engine jacket and brake drum should be opened. 3. Engine should be started and stopped with no load. 4. De-compression liver should be engaged before cranking. THEORY: To balance the energy input and output what is done usually is to add all the known forms of energy output in heat units and, the difference between this and the given energy input is termed as unaccounted losses ( lost by radiation etc). Thus law of conversion of energy is kept unaltered. 1. The work input of engine can be calculated using TFC and calorific value. 2. The heat carried away by cooling water can be calculated from its rate of flow, specific heat and temperature difference between inlet and outlet. 3. The heat carried away by exhaust gases can be calculated from the exhaust calorimeter (2) Output Power or Brake Power Torque. ) (3) Where ̇ = = = = mass flow rate of water ( Kg/sec) specific heat of water ((4.(1) Time for 10cc fuel consumption = Total fuel consumption .186 KJ/KgK) inlet temperature of water to the engine K ( ) ̇ outlet temperature of cooling water from engine K 4. (sec) Heat Input to the engine . Weight in kg. ( Where = = = = Speed of the engine in rpm. Calorific value ( ) of diesel = 46057kJ/kg. Where ̇ ( ) ̇ = = = mass of exhaust gas kg/sec Specific heat of exhaust gases ( KJ/KgK) Temperature of exhaust gases at engine exit . spring balance reading (kg) (Radius of the brake drum +1/2 the dia of rope) in meters. The observations are also tabulated as shown. . The supply of fuel and cooling water is opened.c of fuel consumption is noted. The atmospheric temperature and temperature of cooling water inlet are also noted. The decompression lever is engaged and engine is started by cranking. The lubricating oil and fuel in the tank is checked.186 KJ/KgK) inlet temperature of water the calorimeter outlet temperature of water from the calorimeter Temperature of exhaust gases at the exit of calorimeter ̇ ̇ ̇ ( ) kJ/sec PROCEDURE The maximum load on the engine is calculated and range of loading is selected.= ̇ Room temperature is obtained from the exhaust gas calorimeter relation as given below For calorimeter : Heat lost by exhaust gas = heat gained by water ̇ Where ( ) ̇ ( ) ̇ = = = = = mass flow rate of water ( Kg/sec) Specific heat of water (4. From the flow meter the rate of cooling water supply is noted. The desired load is applied and time for 10 c. The necessary precautions are taken. From the observations the heat balance is done and balance sheet is plotted. The temperature of cooling water at outlet and the temperature of exhaust gas are observed. T.5:1 Bore =87. B.P. B. Brake power (B.C (Specific fuel consumption) 3.E (brake thermal efficiency) 5.P = 10H. THEORY: (1) Output Power or Brake Power Torque.P Vs M. B. Cooling water inlet and outlet for engine jacket and brake drum should be opened. vs.E (Mechanical efficiency) 4. Engine should be started and stopped with no load.M = 1500 No. 1.F.P Vs I. 2.P R.P. 4.T.P Vs B. De-compression liver should be engaged before cranking.P) Vs T.5mm Stroke = 110mm Arm length of hydraulic dynamometer = 320 mm Orifice Diameter =20 mm PRECAUTIONS 1.E (indicated thermal efficiency) 6.E3 LOAD TEST ON TWO CYLINDER 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE (USHA) AIM: To conduct load test (Constant speed characteristics) on Single cylinder 4S Diesel Engine with rope brake dynamometer and to plot the following Characteristic Curves. 3. B. volumetric efficiency SPECIFICATIONS: Engine make: USHA B. Fuel and lubricating oil are checked and if needed they are to be supplied. B.F.P Vs S.C (total fuel consumption) 2.H. of cylinders = 2 Compression ratio = 17. . Where = = = = Speed of the engine in rpm. Calorific value ( (6) Brake thermal efficiency. (8) Volumetric efficiency Hw = Manometer reading (h1-h2) . ) of diesel = 46057kJ/kg.P + F. (7) Indicated thermal efficiency.P). (5) Input Power (Heat energy Input).P F. (5) Mechanical efficiency. Hydraulic Dynamometer reading spring balance reading (kg) Arm length of hydraulic dynamometer = 320 mm Time for 10cc fuel consumption (2) Total fuel consumption = (sec) (3) Specific fuel consumption (4) Indicated Power.P = B. Where I.P is the Frictional Power obtained from the characteristic plot (TFC Vs B. (a) Actual volume of air taken in. CALCULATIONS: CHARACTERISTIC CURVES RESULT: INFERENCE: . T ( ) Start the engine at no load condition. Fuel supply is switched on and the decompression lever is engaged. 1 for 2 stroke engine n = no of cylinders Volumetric efficiency.c of fuel consumption is noted at no load. PROCEDURE Before starting the engine maximum load that can be applied on the engine is calculated using the formula Torque. √ ( where a= area of orifice) (b) Theoretical volume ( ) k= ½ for 4 stroke engine. Then the engine is stopped by cutting the fuel supply. Initial load is applied at the end of the hook in the rope. Note the spring dial reading. Then the time taken for 10c. Repeat the experiment up to maximum load. ( ). The engine is started by manual cranking. And level difference in the water manometer is noted.