Faculty of Social SciencesGuide to citation in the Harvard Style Contents Page 1. Introduction ………………………………………………………..……. 1 2. The Harvard System (Author/Date Method) …………………..…… 2 2.1 2.2 Citing within the text ……………………………………..… 3 2.1.1 Examples of citing in the text ……….……. 4 List of References at the end of your work …………….. 6 2.2.1 Referencing printed (and recorded) materials… 7 2.2.2 Referencing online materials ………..………… 11 3. Plagiarism, Self-Plagiarism and Copyright ……………………….… 15 4. Managing your References using RefWorks Software ………….… 16 1. Introduction Why is referencing so important? When writing a piece of work, you need to refer in your text to material written or produced by others. This procedure is called citing or quoting references. Failure to do so implies that what you have written is all your own work, when it isn’t. This amounts to plagiarism, which is against University Regulations and is regarded as a serious offence. It is also an offence to self-plagiarise and this is defined by the University as occurring ‘when a student’s own work is re-presented without being properly referenced’ (see page 15 for further details). Consistency and accuracy are important to enable readers to identify and locate the material to which you have referred. The same set of rules should be followed every time you cite a reference. In the Faculty of Social Sciences (other than the School of Law), you need to use our version of the Harvard System, also known as the ‘Author Date’ method. Our guidance is adapted from the Bournemouth Guide to Citation (which uses both the British Standard for the citation and referencing of published material in the Harvard Style and interpretations of that system used in academic and research institutions). This guide has been adapted, with permission, from the Bournemouth University Guide to citation (September 2011) 1|Page These texts do not follow the Social Sciences version of Harvard but do provide general information and examples of additional reference types. References at the end of the work In the Harvard System cited publications are referred to in the text by giving the author’s surname and the year of publication (see Citing in the text) and are listed in a reference list or bibliography at the end of the text (see References at the end of a piece of work) Note: Although both terms are often used interchangeably. a reference list comprises only those items you have cited in the text. can be found at: http://www.ac. An online version of this guide with citation and referencing examples brought together is available from: http://guides.php If in doubt. A brief guide to legal citation. If you must also include a bibliography in addition to a reference list.law. & Shields.Students from the School of Law should not use Harvard. online or multimedia. R. 2nd ed. G. • Neville. The complete guide to referencing and plagiarism. It is important that you check whether you are required to submit a reference list OR a bibliography OR both when you submit a piece of work. as well as the full OSCOLA document.g.uk/publications/oscola. (2013) Cite them right: the essential referencing guide. You must translate these examples into the Social Sciences Harvard or ask your subject librarian for help.uk/harvardref/ Other books on referencing and plagiarism are available in the Library. e. These may differ from the guidelines set out here. including materials or sources used in ‘reading around’ the subject. should be cited. taken from another writer’s work. with sources listed using the same rules as the Reference section 2|Page . When you submit work for external publication please follow the guidelines for authors issued to you by your publisher. whether print. but should instead use the Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA). phrasing and interpretation. opinions. whether the work is directly quoted. Maidenhead: Open University Press. C. conclusions etc.ox. it should appear as a separate section. A bibliography is a complete list of all references you have consulted.ulster. 3rd ed. Referencing is a two part process: 1.ac. 2. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. as well as those cited in the text. Paraphrasing is rewriting an argument using your own words. Citing within the text 2. paraphrased or summarised. The Harvard System (Author/Date Method) All statements. • Pears. always consult your lecturer as to the correct referencing system to follow. Give initials as well as the surname and status and/or occupation of the person. Where neither of these options is apparent and there is clearly no identifiable person/body responsible.): Taken from: APA (2009) Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. For web sites.’. singlespaced and appear in double quotation marks.1940). use (no date). If no such approximation is possible. it may be preferable to cite the year in which the page was accessed. Pagination: when citing quotations from particular parts of the document you should give the relevant page number(s) after the year within the brackets. This includes Editors who have been responsible for the editorial aspects of publication but may not have written an individual contribution. see Appendix 1). 2009). use ‘Anon. this may be the publisher of the web site in the absence of any identifiable individual. Dates: If an exact year or date is not known.1 Citing within the Text General guidelines Quotations: as a general rule.g. rather than use (no date). Washington: APA. emails. 2.General guidelines Authors/originators: You should give the name(s) of the person or organisation shown most prominently in the source as responsible for the content in its published form. you may use an approximate date preceded by ‘ca.g. Person-to-person communications (letters. Reiss. According to Professor J. (ca. many designers do not understand the needs of disabled people (personal communication. 1997. 2009 p. 2013 pp. Longer quotations should be indented. If an item is the co-operative work of many individuals.g. you may use the title instead.’ e. 3|Page . this detail is not needed. none of whom have a dominant role. if the quotation is less than a line you may include it in the body of the text in double quotation marks. e.g. on a web page). etc. e. When citing research data and communications which you have collected.41-42) If the pagination is absent (e. (ca. 6th ed. e. Cite personal communications in the text only. For web pages.4) or (Elliot. it is also advisable to include copies or summaries of source data in Appendices. (Jones. • • • • • These do not provide recoverable data and so are not included in the reference list.g. interviews.O. April 18. Provide an exact a date as possible. Turner. Whichever you choose. (Smith..g.g. 2001. 2011) Online sources: when citing a corporate web page. the year is given in brackets:e. 2006) or in order of academic relevance. Whether drug companies have created the market for ‘depression’ (Healy.g. films or broadcasts: reference this as though it was a quotation taken from a published work.2 The Process of Data Construction (Tanner. photographs: reference these as though they were quotations taken from a published work. e. According to Cottrell (2008) there are 8 things you can do before starting university.g. “Tesco suggest…” (Tesco. Jones.g.1.61) indicates. 2011). e. illustrations. e. 2010 p. The reason for child observation should be clearly understood and any biases or limitations recognised (Fawcett. but without page numbering. p. e. e. 2009) When more than one source is cited. g. 2005) or merely react to it…..g. 4|Page . As Cottrell (2008. In Love with the Groove (Walkers Snacks Advertisement. Do not insert the web address in the body of the text. If the name does not occur naturally in the sentence. So page numbers appear after the year within the brackets.44) Text or script from videos. the sequence of citations may be either chronological.g... Diagrams. use the corporate author.1 Examples of Citing in the Text If the author’s name occurs naturally in the sentence.. 2. you should be consistent within your piece of work. “your performance as a student is likely to improve if you. Page numbers are not required. so that you.. Figure 2. 1999. Diagrams etc.Summaries or paraphrases: give the citation where it occurs naturally or at the end of the relevant sentence or paragraph.reflect on how you learn”. e. are usually accompanied by a brief description and are listed throughout a piece of work by figure number.. both name and year are given in brackets:e. e. NB: You should use the same style in the list of references. Alcock et al.g. While questioning may appear to be a straightforward form of communication.g. etc.. a book chapter. it is in fact a more complex and versatile occurrence (Dickson and Hargie. these are distinguished by adding lower case letters (a. (2008) suggest it truly began in the 1970s. 5|Page . 2012).g. 2006). followed by et al. If you refer to a contributor in a source. In a commentary referring to the global financial collapse (Anon.:e. Whiteacre and Buckley (2010) have proposed that… For more than two authors give only the surname of the first author.c. Johnson (1994a) discussed the subject… NB: The addition of letters is determined by the order of appearance within the main text. a citation “Johnson (1994a)” will always precede “Johnson (1994b)”. not by the alphabetical sequence of the items themselves.) after the year and within the brackets:e.” should be used:e. Discussing the crisis of the welfare state.. If it is a reference to a newspaper article with no author you may use the name of the newspaper in place of “Anon”:e. The UK has been censured by the UN for their treatment of asylum seekers in the fast-track centres (The Guardian.b.g. If the work is anonymous then “Anon. If there are two authors give the surnames of both:e. Thus.g.When an author has published more than one cited document in the same year. 2009) the responsibility of financial regulators was discussed..g. you cite just the contributor:e. NB: A full listing of names should appear in the list of references.g. 2. Whenever possible. If you refer to a person who has not produced a work. regardless of how many times it has been cited in the text. journal articles. 5. 6|Page .67). each word is capitalised (other than ‘and’ ‘of’ etc. Richard Hammond said in a recent article (Marshall 1999. in the list of references. 4.).g. 1993b) if more than one item has been published in the same year. Marshall. and by letter (1993a. In the Harvard System. If you have cited more than one item by a specific author they should be listed chronologically (earliest first).) See References at the end of a piece of work below for an explanation of how to list contributions (book chapters. e. “Advertising will always play on peoples’ desires”. if relevant. (You should list the work that has been published.e.g. 3. conference papers) in the list of references. British Journal of Social Work or 6th International Conference on Public Administration.) 2. book chapter titles and journal article titles. Parker. i. i. it is suggested that you should mention the person’s name and you must cite the source author:e. p. 2009) showed that… (You should list only the work you have read. Only include the reference once in the reference list. For journal names and titles of conference proceedings. For book titles. A study by Allen (2001 cited by Parker. or contributed to one. e.e. Richard Hammond stressed the part psychology plays in advertising in an interview with Marshall (1999).g. elements of a reference should be taken from the title page of the publication. the references are listed in alphabetical order of authors’ surnames (family name) or by organisational name.2 List of References at the End of Your Work General guidelines 1. The complete guide to referencing and avoiding plagiarism.g. in the list of references. but who is quoted in someone else’s work.If you refer to a source which is cited in another source (sometimes called secondary referencing) you cite both in the text:e.g. only the first word of the title is given a capital letter. e. Each reference should use the elements and punctuation given in the following examples for the different types of published work you may have cited.. B.. The Economic and Social Research Council. 8.. INITIALS. One author Babbie. (2011) Communication across cultures. In academic writing.g. For place of publication give the city. C. ascribe authorship to the organisation. For the publisher’s name omit superfluous terms such as Publishers. Where authorship is attributed to an organisation or corporation instead of an individual author. e. ed. (Year of publication) Title of book. for example Hillsdale. Farnham: Ashgate. E. 2. (only include the edition number if it is not the first) Place of publication: Publisher. Cambridge University Press. Two or more authors Alcock. If more than one town/city is listed give the first one or the location of the publisher’s head office. (2008) Introducing social policy.g.1 Referencing Printed (and Recorded) Materials Reference to a book Author’s/Editor’s Surname. e. Note that in the United States of America states are denoted by a two letter code. e. e. One editor (if more than one editor. Dignen.g. e. G. Office of National Statistics (ONS. you may also add a county. (2011) Building modern criminology: forays and skirmishes.6. E. 2010). NJ. 11th ed. CA: Wadsworth.g. You must always give the FULL version of organisational names in the Reference List. or Inc. (2007) The practice of social research.) Greenberg. Harlow: Pearson Education. do not include the place of publication. Always retain the words Books or Press. region or state. Co. 10. names of organisations may be abbreviated once they have been given in full. Where the publisher is a university and the place or location is included in the name of the university. 11. Edition. 7.R. Belmont.g.g. 7|Page . If the town/city is not well known. 2nd ed. and Griggs. Daly. use eds. e. 9. D.2. g. 6th International Conference on Public Administration. Basingstoke: Palgrave. Sociology: issues and debates. Reference to a newspaper article Author’s Surname. Reference to an encyclopaedia or dictionary entry (without an editor) Short form title/publisher (Year of publication) Title of contribution. (or Newspaper Title) (Year of publication) Title of article. Q. Ford. Place of publication: Publisher. Place: Publisher. page number/s. ed. e. Page number(s) of contribution. Chengdu. Place of publication: Publisher.R. Volume number and (part number). (Year of publication) Title of contribution/paper.g. Followed by In: Surname. Australia. 1. e.. S. Lawson. day and month. In: Title of source. J. (2010) An analysis of the influence of mobile social networking on audiences. (if not the first) Media type (if not print). In: World guide 2001/2002. or eds. R. Title of Journal. (Year of publication) Title of article. China: UESTC Press... Journal of Socio-Economics. Page numbers of contribution. INITIALS. or eds. Date. 33 (2). Reference to an article in a journal Author’s surname. (2000) Crime and deviance.g.L. New Internationalist (2001) Oxford: New Internationalist. Downes. Title of Conference. INITIALS. eds. Place of conference. S. 231-252. Zhan. and Lu. X. In: Zhu. D. Sunday Times. of editor of proceedings (if applicable) followed by ed. e. INITIALS. 2 July. 175-188. (if relevant) Title of book. and Zhao. Title of Newspaper. (2004) Restorative justice: an alternative approach to juvenile crime. Page numbers of the article. 8|Page . 454-460. International relations. Followed by In: Surname.Reference to a contribution/chapter in an edited book Contributing author’s Surname. Reference to a conference paper Contributing author’s Surname.N. Canberra. INITIALS. C. and Katz. October 22-24 2010. e. In: Taylor. X.g. INITIALS. (2008) Gang life is replacing family life. of author or editor of publication followed by ed. Edition. INITIALS.g. says woman police chief. e. (Year of publication) Title of contribution/chapter. e. Committee for Health and Social Services and Public Safety (2009) Inquiry into obesity: first report of session 2009-2010. e. London: The Stationery Office (HC 2010-2012 907). Belfast: The Stationery Office (Report 10/09/10R). Belfast. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.g. Great Britain.g. INITIALS. Place of conference. 9|Page . (Year presented) Title of contribution. e. Barrett. Northern Ireland. Place of publication: Publisher. Name of Department/Committee/Royal Commission (Year of publication) Title of publication. e. e. Home Affairs Committee (2011) Unauthorised tapping into or hacking of mobile communications: thirteenth report of session 2010-2012. Great Britain. Name of Committee (Year of publication) Title. Name of Committee (Year of publication) Title. Place of Publication: Publisher (House Session Years Paper Number).Reference to an unpublished conference paper (including poster presentation) Contributing author’s Surname. Key Note (2011) Childrenswear market report. Northern Ireland Assembly.g. Reference to government/ official publications Command papers Country of publication. Reference to a report by a company/organisation Name of Issuing Body (Year of publication) Title of publication. London: Key Note. Date.g. November 4-5 2011. Report Number (where relevant). Place of Publication: Publisher (Report Number). Parliamentary papers Great Britain Country of publication. London: The Stationery Office (Cm 8314). European Commission (2012) Women in economic decision-making in the EU: progress report. g. Followed by Unpublished poster presentation/conference paper at: Title of Conference. e. House. Place of publication: Publisher (Command Paper Abbreviation Number). g. House of Commons. (2011) How to reference accurately using the Harvard System. S. Northern Ireland Northern Ireland Assembly. Department for Work and Pensions (2012) Social justice: transforming lives. Unpublished poster presentation at: 1st International Conference on Information Quality. Children (Northern Ireland) Order 1995 For other legal reference types. 10 | P a g e . (Year of publication) Title of thesis.g. g. University of Ulster. vol number. (1998) Academic literacy: the forgotten language.php Reference to a thesis or dissertation Author’s Surname. column number e. [Optional but director is preferred] Production details i. col 8 Legislation Acts of Parliament (Westminster) Northern Ireland Acts 1921-72 Short title Year Short title (NI) Year e. M. Subsidiary originator. (MEd Professional Development). INITIALS. e. Human Rights Act 1998 e. (and type).ox. HC Deb 5 December 2011. London: Warner.e. e.g. Name of institution to which submitted. film or broadcast Title (Year) (For films.uk/publications/oscola. Some mother’s son (2011) DVD. the preferred date is the year of release in the country of production) Media format. The language of advertising: how adverts work (2001) DVD.Hansard HC or HL Deb Date of proceedings. Clark.g. Dissertation. Designation. Directed by Terry George. vol 537. H.g. Electoral Law Act (NI) 1962 Northern Ireland Acts 1972- Northern Ireland Orders in Council Short title (Northern Ireland) Year Short title (Northern Ireland) Order Year e. Reference to a video.g.ac.g.law. see the Oxford University Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) at: http://www. Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 e. Place: Organisation.g. e. Bromley: TV Choice. Episode 1. Edition. BBC1. and Wilkinson. Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). 2200 hrs.g. e.. film or bibliographic database. Available from: http://www. 23 May. News at Ten.g. M.g. Author’s Surname. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. (Year) Title. eds. 1115 hrs. Contributions: individual items within a programme should be cited as contributors e. Cambridge: Open Book Publishers. 11 | P a g e . 26 January. However. e. e-journals. Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). Edition (if not the first). (2013) Oral literature in the digital age. students should not reference them in their coursework. INITIALS. Miller. Psychotherapy. In other words. Reference to an electronic book Author’s/Editor’s Surname. TV. scanned chapters. the transmitting organisation and channel. S.com/ [Accessed 29 May 2014]. Wheeler.Programmes and series: the number and title of the episode should normally be given. BBC2. are not regarded as ‘published’ materials and are only intended as pointers toward such sources rather than as source materials in themselves. e.net DVD. found on the module area of Blackboard Learn have been provided from print sources located within the University Library and therefore should be referenced the same as the original print sources.g. Reference to CD-ROMs and DVDs This example refers to CD-ROMs and DVDs which are works in their own right and not a video. whether downloaded from Blackboard Learn or not. students should reference the material as an online source. Barack (2011) Interview. 2200 hrs. The Estate. (Year of publication) Title. (2009) What works in psychotherapy. C. If in doubt. the full date and time of transmission. BBC1. Lecture/tutorial notes. E. Available from: Supplier/Database identifier or number (optional) [Accessed date] (optional). In: Newsnight. e.openbookpublishers. San Francisco: Referencing Online Materials NOTE: If online materials (e. as well as the series title. Media format.g. then students should reference these items as print sources regardless of how they have viewed them. (2011) TV. or e-books found via the Library catalogue) are also available in printed format.g. Obama. INITIALS. journal articles etc. Mark Turin. (2012) TV. 22 May. INITIALS.com/jass/Contents/ 2011vol89/e-pub/Kranoiti. e. 75-86. Electronic Journal of e-Learning. Day and Month. (2011) Assessing student transitions in an online learning environment. so: Author’s Surname. Article located in a Library Database If the article has been located in a library database e.F. Stein.pdf [Accessed 28 October 2010]. If you are in any doubt. and Paine.g. e. D. H. R. INITIALS.Reference to an online journal article If you are certain that the copy you find online is identical to the printed version (usually a pdf or scan of the original print document) you may omit the URL and reference it as a printed journal.g. ABI Global. Emerald or Proquest etc.emeraldinsight.g.co. Available from: http://www. Available from: database URL [Accessed Date]. Business Source Premier.isita-org.g.com/society/2014/may/28/social-care-complaints-rising-localgovernment-ombudsman [Accessed 28 May 2014]. 2010. INITIALS. Reference to a newspaper’s online edition Author’s Surname. Brindle.org/volume9/issue1 [Accessed 4 March 2012]. Kranioti. Children and Youth Services Review. (or Newspaper Title) (Year) Title of article. 422-434.g.. use the options below. give full URL to the article Author’s Surname. For articles that are described as ‘In Press’/‘Advance Access’ you must include the full URL. Forensic anthropology in Europe: an assessment of the current status and application. Journal Title. M.. Cambridge University Press Journals. page numbers (if available). (Year) Title.proquest.theguardian. Journal of Anthropological Sciences. but is not supplied as an exact copy of the original print version. Available from: http://www. page numbers (if available).uk. (2006) Young people aging out of care: the poverty of theory. but that’s a good sign. In all other cases.com [Accessed 21 January 2011]. as the article has not been assigned a precise volume and issue number: e. 9 (1).com. www. etc..sciencedirect. Available from: http://www. 28 (4). www. (2014) Complaints about social care are soaring. volume (issue). e. Science Direct.R. M. Available from: http://www. Available from: URL [Accessed date]. Journal Title. In Press. Title of Newspaper [online]. E. Nakayama. (Year) Title.ejel. volume (issue). then also give the ‘core’ database URL. Available from: URL [Accessed date]. 12 | P a g e . e. The Guardian [online]. and Yamamoto.g. Taylor & Francis (Informaworld). 28 May. INITIALS.ac. Place of publication: Publisher. Reference to an online report Author’s/Editor’s Surname. London: National Institute of Economic and Social Research. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Available from: http://www. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. M.thepovertychallenge. e. Edition (if not the first).g.org. (2010) Trade union membership and influence: NIESR discussion paper no. Title. 13 | P a g e . (2010) IL and higher education. The poverty challenge (2014) Available from: http://www. and Forth. J.informationliteracy.Reference to a web page with an author Author's /Editor's Surname. g.niesr.org [Accessed 12 May 2014]. Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. Joseph Rowntree Foundation (2012) Understanding the riots. e. Reference to a web page with an organisation as author Name of Organisation (Year of publication/revision) Title of web page.uk/pdf/010910_144250.g. (Year) Title.pdf [Accessed 20 February 2011]. Available from: http://www. Hepworth. INITIALS.uk/information-literacy/il-highereducation/ [Accessed 02 May 2012]. Where a web page has no identifiable author.org. given its questionable origins. Reference to a web page without an author You may use the title if neither author nor organisation is identifiable: Title of web page (Year of Publication/revision) Place of Publication: Publisher (if known). Available from: http://www. e.g. Available from: URL [Accessed Date].uk/work/workarea/understanding-the-riots [Accessed 02 May 2012]. A. Year. Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). 362. e.. London: Information Literacy. organisation or title then students are advised to exercise caution in using such a resource in academic work. Bryson.jrf. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. Poon. INITIALS. e.aspx?id=1422 [Accessed 23 March 2012]. YouTube Use originator/author if ascertainable otherwise use title. (1997) Emerging issues on small business use of the internet: 23 Australian case studies.com/watch?v=SkbpJ7XkrOA&feature=related [Accessed 17 May 2011]. Walkers Snacks.ecis97. and Swatman. Reference to moving images accessed online. R.g. Day and month of podcast. Title of Conference including date and place of conference. P.ac.youtube. 13 March. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. Available https://edu.g. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. you should always reference where it was published or displayed for download. e. Originator. e. Available from: http://www2. E. (2011) In love with the groove. Available from: http://www. Organisation/publisher responsible. e. (Year of publication) Title of contribution. In: 5th European Conference on Information Systems. Author/Presenter’s Surname. Ireland. e. or eds.de/~swatmanp/pdfs/poon.xtremeinformation. INITIALS. Jaeggi.pdf [Accessed 1 June 2011]. if relevant. Place of publication or production (if ascertainable): Publisher or producer (if ascertainable).. June 19-21 1997. Reference to a podcast Although podcasts can be downloaded onto portable devices. Available from: URL [Accessed Date].unikoblenz. Dahan.g. (2012) Re-thinking alienation [podcast]. (2006) How can we better understand customers? Google TechTalks.Reference to an online conference paper Contributing author’s Surname.g. Available from: http://www. INITIALS.uk/newsAndMedia/videoAndAudio/channels/publicLecturesAndEv ents/player. Followed by In: Surname.M.C.g. London School of Economics.com/Search/ [Accessed 10 May 2011]. Cork. (Year of production) Title of podcast [podcast].. S. Place of publication: Publisher (if ascertainable). 14 | P a g e from: . (Year) Title.lse. of editor of proceedings (if applicable) followed by ed. University of Ulster Library (2014) "Accused of plagiarism" is a crime in the virtual Chicago of the "Watch Dogs" computer game. INITIALS. Unpublished assignment. e.g. (2013) Re: The archaeological excavation of wells. INITIALS. Raedle. Smith. Available from: http://ukhumanrightsblog.ac. Place of publication: Publisher (of online image) if ascertainable. Available from: URL [Accessed Date]. 3. Reference to photographs/images accessed online Photographer/Artist’s Surname.uk/record/display/022-83548161 [Accessed 4 April 2012]. SOC313: Sociology of Advanced Industrial Society.ac.ulster. R. in final week before election. Self-Plagiarism and Copyright Remember that you must always acknowledge your source every time you refer to someone else’s work. J. (2012) The democratic legitimacy of human rights. (Year of publication) Title of image. Plagiarism.The anti-hero can hack details of AI citizens. Author’s Surname. J.docx Self-plagiarism is also an offence and occurs when a student’s previously assessed work is re-presented again for a different piece of coursework without being properly self-referenced. Phillips. INITIALS. UK Human Rights Blog.com/ [Accessed 28 March 2012]. Twitter.com/uulibrary/status/457125719983030272 [Accessed 28 May 2014]. Available from: https://www. (2013) Critically evaluate the current position of organisations in relation to their social responsibilities.g. 15 | P a g e . University of Ulster. Failure to do so counts as plagiarism which is against University regulations and is treated as a serious offence. 18 April. Available from: http://jiscmediahub. Facebook etc. e. e.g. Available from: URL [Access Date]. JISCMail BRITARCH Archives.uk/academicoffice/download/Policies/PlagiarismPolicy&Procedures. e.g Buch. 2013) which addressed… The reference should then take the format: Student Surname. Blog name/Twitter. 11 May. blogs.uk/cgibin/webadmin?A1=ind1305&L=BRITARCH#33 [Accessed 19 July 2013]. (Year of posting) Title of posting. J. Twitter.ac. Media type. Available from: https://twitter. Getty Images. The University’s policy and framework of penalties for dealing with plagiarism offences is available from the Academic Office website: http://www. Photograph. wikis. Where previously assessed work is used. 28 February. (Year of submission) Title of original coursework. Unpublished essay/assignment.S. e. Day and month of posting.Reference to Social Media.g. Institution. the in-text citation should take the form: This issue was discussed in an assignment (Smith. e. (2008) Obama campaigns across the U.jiscmail.g. Module Code: Module Title. Further information about Refworks can be found on the Library Subject Guide at: http://guides. save and organise references found in databases. the library catalogue or input manually and to automatically produce a reference list in the style of your choice in a matter of seconds. This software allows you to export. the general rule of thumb to avoid self-plagiarism is that. Further information about copyright can be found on notices next to the Library’s copy/printers and on the copyright compliance webpages on the University Portal (under the ‘Admin & Services’ tab) and directly from: http://www.ac. it must be 30% different to those submitted elsewhere. Copyright: You do not have to seek permission to include third party copyright material in your academic work. 4. in processing a manuscript for journal publication.ulster. The Library runs regular training sessions on how to use Refworks.uk/copyright.html. as long as it is properly referenced.ac. Managing your References using RefWorks The Social Sciences Harvard Style is available as an option to users of the RefWorks bibliographic management software.library.For academic staff.ulster.uk/refworks Revised May 2014 16 | P a g e .