Gurmukhi (Punjabi) Script and Pronunciation

Gurmukhi (Punjabi) script and pronunciationhttp://www.omniglot.com/writing/gurmuki.htm Writing systems: abjads | alphabets | syllabic alphabets | syllabaries | semanto-phonetic scripts undeciphered scripts | alternative scripts | your con-scripts | A-Z index | Direction index Gurmukhi script Origin The Gurmukhi alphabet was devised during the 16th century by Guru Nanak, the first Sikh guru, and popularised by Guru Angad, the second Sikh guru. It was modelled on the Landa alphabet. The name Gurmukhi means "from the mouth of the Guru". Notable Features This is a syllabic alphabet in which all consonants have an inherent vowel. Diacritics, which can appear above, below, before or after the consonant they belong to, are used to change the inherent vowel. When they appear at the beginning of a syllable, vowels are written as independent letters. When certain consonants occur together, special conjunct symbols are used which combine the essential parts of each letter. Punjabi is a tonal language with three tones. These are indicated in writing using the voiced aspirates consonants (gh, dh, bh, etc) and the intervocal h. Used to write: Panjabi or Punjabi, an Indo-Aryan language spoken by about 60 million people in Pakistan and the Indian state of Panjab. In Pakistan Panjabi is written with a version of the Arabic script known as Shahmukhi (see below). Gurmukhi script (ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) Vowels and Vowel diacritics (Laga Matra) Consonants (Vianjans) Other symbols Стр. 1 из 3 12.10.2011 10:31 htm Numerals More numbers in Punjabi (‫ )شاه مکھی‬Shahmukhi script Sample text in Punjabi (Gurmukhi alphabet) Sample text in Punjabi (Shahmukhi alphabet) Transliteration Sārē insān āzād tē ḥuqūq tē ‘izzat dē liḥāẓ nāl barābar pædā næn. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Oh ‘aqal samajh tē cangē mundē dī pachān tē aḥisās rakhadē ne is dasţē lohnān nūn ikk dūjē nāl bhā´īcārē wālā salūk karna cāhī dā æ. Translation All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. 2 из 3 12.omniglot.2011 10:31 . (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) Tower of Babel in Punjabi | Useful phrases in Punjabi Punjabi language learning materials Links Information about Gurmukhi and Punjabi Стр.com/writing/gurmuki.Gurmukhi (Punjabi) script and pronunciation http://www.10. com/punjabi.com/radio.Easy Set Up Home | News | Writing systems | Language learning | Articles | Phrases | Multilingual pages | Book store | Puzzles | Gallery | Songs | Links | FAQs | About this site | Search this site | About the author | Contact | Blog | Forum | Facebook | YouTube or contribute in other ways © Copyright 1998-2011 Simon Ager Стр.htm http://www. Malayalam.htm http://www. Phags-pa.apnaorg.Punjabi news. Sugali. Sindhi.learnpunjabi.chardikalaa. Punjabi. Syloti Nagri.org Online Punjabi-English dictionary http://www. Kannada.Fonts. Kharosthi. Limbu. Burmese.htm Online Punjabi Radio http://www.com http://www. Buhid. history. Pallava. Modi.com/dlGur. Hmong.punjabielm.co.2011 10:31 .co. Siraiki. Sindhi.com Free Gurmukhi fonts http://www. culture.html Online Punjabi lessons and other learning resources http://www. Sourashtra.org/intro1. language.information about the Punjabi language.uk/tutor/ http://www.ukindia. Javanese. Konkani. Oriya. Sharda.com/zpun01. Marathi.learnpunjabi.uk/language/about/punjabi. Gondi. Brahmi. Tamil. Devanagari. Sylheti. Lanna. Modi.html http://www.punjabidictionary. Telugu. Varang Kshiti We guarantee 100% results on first try with use of testking 000-085 dumps.htm http://www. Tibetan. etc (includes an online English <> Punjabi dictionary and language lessons) http://www. Hanuno'o.asp http://www.youtube. Chakma. Lepcha.co. Fonts. 3 из 3 12.aol.uk Punjab Online . Khmer. Tagbanwa. testkingv COG-112 study material and testking 70-433 practice test. Kutchi. Romany. Maithili.html http://languages.sikh-history.Gurmukhi (Punjabi) script and pronunciation http://www. Gurmukhi (Punjabi).com/shahmukhi/ http://www.htm http://www. Manpuri. Gujarati.com/ Indo-Aryan languages Assamese.com CSS @Font-Face Fonts .com http://www. Redjang.com/writing/gurmuki. Dhivehi.html http://members. Soyombo. Sinhala.com/hspannu/punjabi. Sundanese. Gujarati.net/lesson1. Ranjana.punjabonline.punjabiradioonline. New Tai Lue.com Punjabilok . Dehong Dai.punjabonline. Oriya. Tocharian. Takri. Siddham. Dhives Akuru. Hindi.iloveindia. Sorang Sompeng. Bengali. Bengali. Urdu Syllabic alphabets / abugidas Ahom.10.com/user/hardeepsingh83 http://www.Free Trial .omniglot.panjabradio. Gupta.aspx http://www. Ethiopic. Lao. Grantha. Batak. Nepali. Thai. Evēla Akuru.namdhari.punjabilok. Balinese. Rajasthani. Shan.com Web Fonts WebFonts. Kashmiri. Lontara/Makasar.rajkaregakhalsa. Cham.kwintessential. Sinhala. history.org/pedic/default. Bhojpuri. Tagalog. Sourashtra. Chakma. etc http://www.faithweb.com/sikhhist/download. Kotia.advancedcentrepunjabi.